EP2464949A1 - Débitmètre massique à effet coriolis - Google Patents

Débitmètre massique à effet coriolis

Info

Publication number
EP2464949A1
EP2464949A1 EP09777816A EP09777816A EP2464949A1 EP 2464949 A1 EP2464949 A1 EP 2464949A1 EP 09777816 A EP09777816 A EP 09777816A EP 09777816 A EP09777816 A EP 09777816A EP 2464949 A1 EP2464949 A1 EP 2464949A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grid
coriolis mass
measuring tube
mass flowmeter
luminous flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09777816A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2464949B1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Egner
Herbert Schorb
Stefan Von Dosky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2464949A1 publication Critical patent/EP2464949A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2464949B1 publication Critical patent/EP2464949B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/845—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits
    • G01F1/8468—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits
    • G01F1/8472—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits having curved measuring conduits, i.e. whereby the measuring conduits' curved center line lies within a plane
    • G01F1/8477—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits having curved measuring conduits, i.e. whereby the measuring conduits' curved center line lies within a plane with multiple measuring conduits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
    • G01F1/8427—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details detectors

Definitions

  • Coriolis mass flowmeter The invention relates to a Coriolis mass flowmeter with at least one measuring tube, which is flowed through by a medium, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such mass flow meters are used in particular as field devices for process instrumentation.
  • Transmitters are used to record process variables, such as temperature, pressure, level, mass flow, density or gas concentration of a medium.
  • process variables such as temperature, pressure, level, mass flow, density or gas concentration of a medium.
  • actuators the process flow can be influenced as a function of detected process variables in accordance with a strategy predetermined, for example, by a control station.
  • actuators may be mentioned a control valve, a heater or a pump.
  • mass flow transmitters are essential sensory components. In view of optimum plant behavior and a permanently high product quality, high-quality transducers are required, which provide long-term stable and low-error measured values even under extreme conditions.
  • Coriolis mass flow gauges generally include a single meter tube or a number, for example a pair, of meter tubes through which a medium, for example a fluid, flows whose mass flow rate is to be determined.
  • a medium for example a fluid
  • Coriolis mass flowmeters having a single straight measuring tube and the Coriolis mass flowmeters having two curved, mutually parallel measuring tubes.
  • the latter, excluded identical in pairs led measuring tubes are excited by a mid-range exciter arrangement to achieve mass balance to vibrate so that they oscillate against each other, that is, that the vibrations of the two measuring tubes are 180 ° out of phase with each other.
  • the position of the center of mass of the system formed by the two measuring tubes remains substantially constant and occurring forces are largely compensated. This has as a positive consequence that the oscillating system is hardly effective externally as such.
  • vibration sensors are mounted between whose output signals a phase difference occurs during a flow. This is caused by the Coriolis forces prevailing in a flow and thus by the mass flow.
  • the density of the medium influences the resonance frequency of the vibration system.
  • the density of the flowing medium can be determined.
  • a Coriolis mass flow meter in which so-called plunger coils are used as vibration transducers.
  • a coil is attached to a frame of the meter and a magnet attached to a measuring tube.
  • the immersion depth of the magnet changes in the coil and it is a voltage induced as a measurement signal in the coil.
  • Vibration sensors two substantially sinusoidal signals generated - which have a slight phase shift against each other.
  • An evaluation device determines the respective phase difference and calculates the mass flow rate.
  • EP 1 700 086 A2 discloses a vibration sensor for a Coriolis mass flowmeter, which consists of an optical emitter, a collector and a so-called light pipe.
  • the open cross-section of the Light Pipe and thus also the transmitted luminous flux are changed like an optical aperture in accordance with the vibrations of the measuring tube.
  • a linear dependence of the received luminous flux on the position of the measuring tube is desired.
  • US Pat. No. 5,020,380 shows a vibration transducer with emitter, fiber and collector. The intensity of the transmitted or reflected light is changed with the tube vibrations.
  • Another structure of a vibration sensor with emitter, fiber and collector is in the
  • the invention has for its object to provide a Coriolis mass flowmeter, the vibration sensor have improved resolution and yet is associated with a relatively low production cost.
  • the new Coriolis mass flow meter of the type mentioned in the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • advantageous developments are described.
  • the Coriolis mass flowmeter thus comprises at least one measuring tube through which a medium flows, at least one excitation arrangement which is arranged in the central region of the at least one measuring tube and excites it to oscillate, and an evaluation device which is set up to drive the at least one exciter assembly and to receive vibration signals from the at least two vibration sensors.
  • the at least one exciter arrangement acts as an actuator in order to set the at least one measuring tube in vibration.
  • the vibration signals detected by the vibration sensors are then passed on as measuring signals to the evaluation device.
  • Vibration sensor arranged in the longitudinal direction of the at least one measuring tube in front of and behind the at least one excitation system.
  • Vibration sensor arranged symmetrically so that they have the same distance to the exciter arrangement in the longitudinal direction of the at least one measuring tube.
  • the at least two optical vibration sensors each have a pair of superimposed optical raster, which may be identical. Due to mutually corresponding periodic structures of the two grids, a position-dependent change in the light intensity occurs during their transillumination.
  • a stichtstro ⁇ r passing through the grid is repeatedly changed in its ' intensity and one obtains oscillation signals with variable frequency, which is on average a multiple of the frequency of the mechanical oscillations of the measuring tube.
  • the spacing of the periodic structures in the grids amounts to only a fraction of the oscillation amplitude of the at least one measuring element. pipe.
  • the frequency ratios are not limited to integer factors.
  • a light source is required to generate the luminous flux
  • a light sensor is required to receive the luminous flux influenced by the grid.
  • These can be arranged opposite one another, that is to say on different sides of the two grids, or on the same side.
  • a mirror is located on the opposite side and the reflected light flux can be coupled out, for example, with the aid of a beam splitter arranged in the beam path between the light source and the grids.
  • the function of the mirror and of the grid adjacent thereto can be fulfilled in a simplified embodiment by a correspondingly structured mirror.
  • the function or light source and of this adjacent grid by appropriate structuring of
  • the optical vibration sensors now used have the advantage that they are much less sensitive to electromagnetic interference from the outside and that they have a higher sensitivity with respect to the deflection of the measuring tube. Due to the change in the light intensity with a variable frequency dependent on the instantaneous tube velocity-which-on average is significantly higher than the frequency of the oscillations of the at least one measuring tube, namely a higher resolution with respect to the position of the measuring tube and thus with respect to the phase position of Measuring tube oscillation reached. The new Coriolis mass flow meter also reacts quickly to changes in mass flow and current measured values can be read more quickly. be averaged.
  • a further advantage is the fact that the signal-to-noise ratio improves compared with low-frequency process oscillations, which can be coupled into the meter via pipes, due to the use of a higher frequency measurement signal.
  • the optical grid which is coupled to the at least one measuring tube can be realized with very low weight, so that its effects on the vibration characteristics of the measuring tube are minimal.
  • the optical vibration sensor can be realized with a comparatively small design and thus can be used in Coriolis mass flow meters with a small housing. In particular, on the measuring tube no larger attachments are required. Due to the improved resolution of the vibration sensor, a phase difference can be detected even with smaller vibration amplitudes. It is therefore possible to operate the Coriolis mass flowmeter with a lower oscillation amplitude and thus to reduce the power consumption of the exciter arrangement.
  • a particularly significant change in intensity with oscillations and thus a good signal quality of the luminous flux passing through the grid can be achieved if means for limiting the beam widening are provided in front of the pair of superimposed grids. In this way, a ⁇ ⁇ "are led luminous flux with a low beam expander is substantially perpendicular to the superimposed grid.
  • An embodiment has proved to be particularly advantageous in which the superimposed grids are formed by two optical lines aligned substantially parallel to one another. lattice are realized. When perpendicular to the direction of oscillation of the at least one measuring tube extending lines significant brightness fluctuations of the transmitted light can be detected. Brightness modulations occur as a moiré effect, for example, if the lattice constants of the optical line gratings differ slightly or if line gratings with the same lattice constant are used, which are slightly twisted against each other. Thus, in this case too, the shift of the rasters to one another can be determined with higher accuracy.
  • a luminous flux with low beam expansion can be obtained with particularly simple means by arranging an aperture stop in front of the superimposed grids.
  • optical fibers can be used in the optical vibration sensors.
  • this has the advantage that the light source and the light receiver, which represent comparatively sensitive components, can be arranged at a greater distance from the measuring tube.
  • this has an advantageous effect on the robustness of the vibration sensor.
  • the aperture diaphragm can be omitted before the superimposed grids, since the light exit cross section of the fibers is already comparatively small.
  • the superimposed optical grids may have periodic structures which not only correspond to one another, but are of identical design. If the two rasters are shifted relative to one another by a dimension which corresponds to the periodicity of the structures, in this case the intensity of the luminous flux passing through the rasters likewise passes through exactly one period.
  • a simple photodetector in front of which an aperture diaphragm can be arranged.
  • the spatial periodicity of the structures is chosen a multiple smaller than the oscillation amplitude of the at least one measuring tube. Even if several oscillating measuring tubes in a Coriolis
  • Mass flow meter used, it may be advantageous to attach the other grid of pairs of superimposed grid on a frame of the Coriolis mass flow meter.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a Coriolis mass flow meter
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows an exemplary construction of an optical vibration sensor
  • FIG. 3 shows time profiles of a measurement signal and a pipe layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a Coriolis mass flowmeter 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mass flow meter 1 has a first measuring tube 2 and a second measuring tube 3, which are arranged substantially parallel to one another. These are usually made from one piece by bending.
  • the course of the measuring tubes 2 and 3 is substantially U-shaped.
  • a flowable medium flows according to an arrow 4 in the mass flow meter 1 and thus in the two located behind a not visible in Figure 1 inlet splitter inlet sections of the measuring tubes 2 and 3 and corresponding to an arrow 5 from the outlet sections and the behind, also in the Figure 1 not visible spill splitter off again.
  • Flanges 6, with the mass flow meter 1 has a first measuring tube 2 and a second measuring tube 3, which are arranged substantially parallel to one another. These are usually made from one piece by bending.
  • the course of the measuring tubes 2 and 3 is substantially U-shaped.
  • a flowable medium flows according to an arrow 4 in the mass flow meter 1 and thus in the two located behind
  • EinlaufSplitter or the outlet splitter are firmly connected, are used to attach the mass flowmeter 1 in a pipe, not shown in the figure 1.
  • a stiffening frame 7 By a stiffening frame 7, the geometry of the measuring tubes 2 and 3 is kept substantially constant, so that even changes in the piping system, in which the mass flow meter 1 is installed, for example, due to temperature fluctuations, possibly lead to a small Nuiiyakver shift.
  • the vibration signals 10 which are generated according to FIG. 1 by the vibration sensors 9, are evaluated by a control and evaluation device 11.
  • the evaluation and evaluation device 11 comprises a digital signal processor 12. Results of the evaluation are output on a display 13 or transmitted via an output (not shown in FIG. 1), for example a field bus, to a higher-level control station.
  • the control and evaluation device 11 also assumes the control of the exciter arrangement 8 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the two vibration sensor 9, which here detect the relative position of the measuring tubes 2 and 3 to each other alternatively be configured such that in each case the relative position of a measuring tube 2 or 3 is detected with respect to the stiffening frame 7.
  • the measuring tubes 2 and 3 may of course have different geometries, for example a straight, a V-shaped or an ⁇ -shaped middle section, or a different number and arrangement of excitation arrangements and optical
  • the Coriolis mass flow meter may have a different number of measuring tubes, for example a measuring tube or more than two measuring tubes.
  • the first grid 22 is attached to the first measuring tube 2, the second grid 23 to the second measuring tube 3. If the two measuring tubes 2 and 3 oscillate against each other, that is to say with a vibration phase-shifted by 180 °, then the two superposed gratings 22 and 23 in the beam path are displaced relative to one another.
  • the periodic structures of the rasters 22 and 23 are optical line gratings whose lines are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the lines of the first grid 22 are aligned parallel to the lines of the second grid 23.
  • the distance between adjacent lines is the same in both grids 22 and 23. It is many times smaller than the oscillation amplitude of the two measuring tubes 2 and 3, for example by a factor of 10. However, the distance is chosen so large that at the light wavelength of the light source 27, the influence of light diffraction effects on the grids 22 and 23 on the intensity of the light received by the photodetector 25 is still negligible.
  • the light source 27 which may be embodied as an LED or semiconductor laser, emits a luminous flux which is focused by the first aperture diaphragm 21.
  • a portion of the luminous flux is transmitted so that it meets the second grid 23 located behind it.
  • the part of the luminous flux originally emitted by the light source 27 arriving at the photodetector 25 then has maximum intensity.
  • the two screens 22 and 23 are just positioned relative to one another in such a way that the luminous flux which has passed through the first grid 22 reaches opaque areas of the second grid 22 is true, then only a minimal part of the luminous flux reaches the photodetector 25 and the measurement signal output by it has just its minimum level. Since the spacing of the periodic structures on the grids 22 and 23 is chosen to be much smaller than the oscillation amplitude of the two measuring tubes 2 and 3, the luminous flux received by the photodetector 25 has a variable frequency which is on average a multiple of that Frequency of the vibrations of the measuring tubes 2 and 3 amounts. This effect will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example over time 30 of an oscillation signal output by a photodetector in an optical oscillator according to FIG. 2.
  • On the abscissa is the time t in milliseconds, on the left ordinate the pipe position x in microns and on the right ordinate the voltage level U of the vibration signal in volts.
  • the voltage signal generated with the aid of the photodetector corresponds to the intensity of the luminous flux 26 impinging on the photodetector 25 (FIG. 2) (FIG. 2).
  • This is in vibrations of the measuring tubes 2 and 3 ( Figure 2) due to the periodic structures in the grids 22 and 23 ( Figure 2) dependent on the current pipe layer.
  • a course 31 of the pipe layer is shown in FIG.
  • signal equal components were removed in the illustrated curves 30 and 31.
  • the curve 30 of the vibration signal has a significantly higher number of zero crossings than the profile 31 of the pipe layer.
  • the Z-eltbererch ⁇ created ⁇ somrt ⁇ in ⁇ ⁇ vortelifhaft ⁇ e ⁇ r ⁇ We ⁇ i ⁇ s ⁇ a ⁇ we "- sentlich higher level of details that is achieved with the new optical vibration transducer of the vibration signal, the turning points of the pipe layer.
  • Vibration signals in the time domain also an evaluation of the vibration signals in the frequency domain for determining the mass flow or the density of the medium possible.
  • the fundamental frequency of the curve 31 and thus the density of the medium and also based on the course 30 and a further course, which was recorded by the second optical vibration sensor of the Coriolis mass flowmeter on the phase shift of the vibrations of the two Measuring tubes and thus closed on the mass flow.
  • optical vibration sensor can replace conventional magnetic vibration sensor with magnetic coils in a particularly simple manner.
  • the light source and the photodetector are attached to the frame of the Coriolis mass flowmeter.
  • no electrical leads must be attached to the measuring tubes.
  • the use of a common light source for a plurality of optical vibration transducers is possible, for example by the fact that the light is supplied by optical fibers to the different pairs of superposed optical raster.
  • the sensitive light source and the photodetector may be located at a greater distance from the measuring tubes, which may have a high temperature. This further improves the robustness of the meter. Instead of a distance measurement of the two measuring tubes, as shown in FIG.
  • the change in position of a measuring tube with respect to the frame of the measuring device can alternatively be detected.
  • only one optical grid is mechanically coupled to the respective measuring tube, while the other optical grid is to be attached to the frame.
  • additional information about the meter such as information useful for diagnosis or information about the state of the medium, for example for detecting a multi-phase flow, can be derived from the vibration signals of the transducers.
  • optical rasters were used in the vibration sensor.
  • the optical rasters may deviate slightly from each other, for example with respect to the distance of the lines from one another or with respect to the inclination of the lines, so that so-called Moire patterns in the luminous flux behind the second optical raster arise.
  • a photodetector can also be used as a light receiver in this case, the use of an image sensor is suitable for the detection of moire patterns, since a very accurate determination of the relative position of the grids relative to one another is also possible from the imaged patterns.
  • An alternative to the direct attachment of the first optical grid to the at least one measuring tube is a mechanical coupling via a lever mechanism or a gear, so that the movement of the measuring tube is converted into a translatory or rotational movement of the optical grid.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un débitmètre massique à effet Coriolis comprenant au moins un tube de mesure (2, 3) qui est parcouru par un fluide et est mis en vibration par un dispositif d'excitation (8). Deux capteurs de vibrations optiques (9), qui sont disposés dans la direction longitudinale de ce tube de mesure (2, 3) devant et derrière le dispositif d'excitation (8), fournissent des signaux de vibration (10) sur la base desquels un dispositif de commande et d'évaluation (11) détermine le débit massique et/ou la densité du fluide. Pour améliorer la résolution qui peut être atteinte avec les capteurs de vibrations optiques (9), ceux-ci présentent respectivement une paire de grilles (22, 23) superposées avec des structures périodiques. Lorsque ce tube de mesure (2, 3) vibre, les structures périodiques sont déplacées l'une par rapport à l'autre de sorte que l'intensité d'un flux lumineux (26) influencé par les grilles (22, 23) a une fréquence variable qui représente en moyenne un multiple de la fréquence des vibrations de ce tube de mesure (2, 3). Un débitmètre massique à effet Coriolis de forme compacte et d'une bonne robustesse face aux perturbations électromagnétiques peut ainsi être réalisé.
EP09777816.1A 2009-08-11 2009-08-11 Debitmetre a effet coriolis comprenant des detecteurs de vibration du type optique Not-in-force EP2464949B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2009/005829 WO2011018098A1 (fr) 2009-08-11 2009-08-11 Débitmètre massique à effet coriolis

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2464949A1 true EP2464949A1 (fr) 2012-06-20
EP2464949B1 EP2464949B1 (fr) 2013-06-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09777816.1A Not-in-force EP2464949B1 (fr) 2009-08-11 2009-08-11 Debitmetre a effet coriolis comprenant des detecteurs de vibration du type optique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20120186363A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2464949B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102483341A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011018098A1 (fr)

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US9995666B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2018-06-12 Rheonics Gmbh Resonant sensors for fluid properties measurement
JP6660963B2 (ja) * 2015-04-10 2020-03-11 マイクロ モーション インコーポレイテッド 振動要素の２以上の位置間の時空間的関係を測定するエミッタセンサアセンブリ及び方法
EP3163262B1 (fr) * 2015-10-28 2018-04-11 Atsuden Co., Ltd Débimètre massique à force de coriolis
US10119851B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2018-11-06 General Electric Company Coriolis flow meter for measuring properties of a fluid and method therefor
DE102018132672A1 (de) 2018-12-18 2020-06-18 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Vibronischer Messaufnehmer mit mindestens zwei Temperatursensoren
EP3899447B1 (fr) * 2018-12-20 2023-09-20 Endress + Hauser Flowtec AG Débitmètre massique à effet coriolis
US11333538B2 (en) 2020-04-22 2022-05-17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for fluid flow measurement with mass flow and electrical permittivity sensors

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120186363A1 (en) 2012-07-26
CN102483341A (zh) 2012-05-30
EP2464949B1 (fr) 2013-06-19
WO2011018098A1 (fr) 2011-02-17

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