EP2459922B1 - Combustion-gas system, in particular for cargo vessels - Google Patents

Combustion-gas system, in particular for cargo vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2459922B1
EP2459922B1 EP10747577.4A EP10747577A EP2459922B1 EP 2459922 B1 EP2459922 B1 EP 2459922B1 EP 10747577 A EP10747577 A EP 10747577A EP 2459922 B1 EP2459922 B1 EP 2459922B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
gas
ship
liquefied gas
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10747577.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2459922A1 (en
Inventor
Olaf Beyer
Annette Kalsbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH
Original Assignee
TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH filed Critical TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH
Publication of EP2459922A1 publication Critical patent/EP2459922A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2459922B1 publication Critical patent/EP2459922B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0138—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0341—Filters
    • F17C2205/0347—Active charcoal type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0358—Pipes coaxial
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0383—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/015—Facilitating maintenance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/036—Avoiding leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/044—Avoiding pollution or contamination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189—Planes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for refueling a ship with cryogenic liquid gas, according to the preamble of claim 1 or 6.
  • the prerequisite for gas operation is that appropriate quantities of gas can be bunkered on board.
  • the required quantities depend on the type of ship and the ship.
  • the requirements placed on the gas pressure, the gas temperature and the gas quality of the fuel gas depend individually on the consumer used.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the loading is done with so-called gas commuting. That is, the gas phase contained in the empty ship tank is displaced by refilled liquid LNG and returned by a second line next to the bunker line to the filling ship or storage tank.
  • a tank In order to connect lines to a tank, a tank is usually provided with nozzles, are flanged to the lines. For safety reasons, it would be better to weld cables to a tank. In a conventional tank, however, this can not be done regularly in practice. For safety reasons, it is also advisable not to pass lines through a tank bottom or through side walls of the tank. Otherwise, a corresponding leak in the line in the tank area will cause the liquid in the tank to drain due to gravity.
  • a gas tanker unloading system and method are known.
  • the system includes a cargo tank with and a cargo tank without submersible pump.
  • the cargo tanks are connected to each other via two pipes, one pipe being provided with a compressor.
  • a gas phase is pumped from the cargo tank with the submersible pump into the tank without submersible pump.
  • liquid from the tank without submersible pump passes through the further line into the tank with submersible pump.
  • LPG is conveyed from the associated tank via a discharge line to a land plant.
  • the system allows a suitable temperature control.
  • liquefied natural gas is filled into a tank via a first conduit.
  • Boil-off gas produced in the tank is condensed by spraying cryogenic liquid into the gas phase via a second line.
  • Boil-off gas generated in the tank therefore does not have to be removed from the tank.
  • LPG is taken from the tank via a third line.
  • the publication WO 2009/063127 A1 shows a tank system with which such a method is performed.
  • a conventional tank of the type mentioned above is regularly provided with 8 to 10 nozzles for the connection of pipes.
  • 8 to 10 nozzles for the connection of pipes.
  • the WO 2009/063127 A1 pictured tank already on 6 lines that are connected for reasons of practicality by connecting the tank.
  • even more lines may be required, which were only not shown.
  • a first nozzle or a pipe to be connected to it is required to fill the transport tank.
  • a second port another line is needed to unload the transport tank when there is a submersible pump in the transport tank.
  • a connection for a spray line is required in order to be able to temper the tank appropriately and to condense boil-off gas.
  • a fourth port is used to direct a gas phase out of the tank. Further nozzles are provided for safety valves and for the measurement of parameters such as pressure, temperature and level.
  • the object of the present invention is to heat LNG on the way to the ship tank quickly and with the least possible technical effort targeted.
  • Liquefied gas taken from a storage tank is already heated by pumping it only from the storage tank into the vessel tank.
  • Liquefied gas from the storage tank can also be actively heated before it enters the ship's tank. Active heating in the context of this application is when heat is supplied to the liquefied gas originating from the storage tank in a controlled manner by mixing boil-off gas with the liquid gas.
  • the liquefied gas originating from the storage tank can be heated with a heat exchanger and can reach the vessel tank from the heat exchanger.
  • a corresponding method for storing cryogenic liquefied petroleum gas in a tank of a ship comprises the steps of: removing liquefied gas from a storage tank, in particular from a stationary storage tank, heating the withdrawn liquefied gas, filling the tank of the vessel with the heated liquefied gas by pumping the liquefied gas the tank of the ship.
  • LNG is stored in a storage tank at a temperature of less than -161 ° C so as to be able to store LNG at atmospheric pressure.
  • the storage temperature of LNG in a ship's tank is usually also less than -161 ° C.
  • a system for filling and / or emptying a tank of a ship with LNG is provided, for example with a tank for the storage of LNG whose design pressure (also called design pressure) is at least 5 bar g (bar gauge; to the atmosphere), preferably at least 10 bar g, the tank being provided with a cryogenic liquified gas inlet and an outlet for unloading the tank, the inlet comprising means for heating LNG.
  • design pressure also called design pressure
  • a system for storing cryogenic liquid gas for a ship may thus comprise: a ship tank for storing liquefied gas, an inlet device for the removal of liquefied gas from a storage tank, in particular from a stationary storage tank, means for heating the withdrawn liquefied gas, and a filling device for the tank of the ship with a pump for pumping the heated liquefied gas into the tank of the ship; and a ship may have such a system.
  • the temperature of the liquefied gas in the vessel tank is preferably above the boiling point of the liquefied gas at normal pressure.
  • liquid gas can be removed immediately after filling, that is after refueling the ship, in order to be able to supply a drive with fuel gas.
  • a ship can therefore continue its journey immediately after refueling, without having to use a pump for fuel supply.
  • the liquefied gas has been heated by at least 10 ° C so as to achieve a desired bearing pressure.
  • a temperature difference is regularly conducive to immediately obtain a sufficiently high bearing pressure in the vessel tank for the purpose described; it can also be beneficial to warm it by at least 15 ° C.
  • the bearing pressure in such a ship's tank is preferably at least 3 bar absolute; a pressure of more than 5 bar absolute or even 8 bar absolute can also be beneficial.
  • the liquefied gas was heated to a correspondingly high temperature.
  • gas present in the ship's tank is added to the liquefied gas during filling, which is introduced into the ship's tank.
  • the liquefied gas is not only heated, but condensed advantageous in the vessel's tank gas at the same time.
  • the supply of the gas takes place into the supply line, via which the liquefied petroleum gas is pumped into the ship's tank.
  • the feed advantageously takes place outside the ship's tank, specifically in a process space. Gas is thus sucked out of the ship's tank via a second line and pressed into the line, via which the liquid gas is pumped into the ship's tank.
  • the originating from the ship's tank gas is mixed with the liquefied gas, in particular by means of a z. B. static mixer mixed.
  • the mixer is also advantageously located in a process room.
  • the LPG Since with the help of approximately in the ship's tank gas, the LPG may only be heated by about 0.5 ° C to 1 ° C and a heating of 0.5 ° C to 1 ° C may not be sufficient, the LPG is at a preferred embodiment, at least in addition to a heat exchanger heated.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably also outside the ship's tank and in particular in a process space. If liquefied petroleum gas is pumped into the ship's tank, it first reaches the heat exchanger and from the heat exchanger into the ship's tank.
  • the liquefied gas is pumped into it by means of a pump, namely at a pressure which is above the bearing pressure in the tank.
  • the bearing pressure in the tank is 3 bar absolute
  • the liquefied gas is pumped absolutely into the tank at a pressure of more than 3 bar, for example at a pressure of 4 bar absolute.
  • gas originating from the ship's tank is added to the liquid gas which is pumped into the ship's tank, this gas is injected into the liquefied gas at a pressure which is above the liquid pressure of the liquefied gas to be heated.
  • This gas pressure is, for example, 5 bar absolute (bar a) when the liquid pressure of the liquefied gas to be heated is 4 bar absolute.
  • a ship tank In order to be able to fill a ship tank particularly quickly with liquefied gas, it is preferably filled via only one supply line. If liquefied petroleum gas is to be refueled, then only one line (tank line) must be connected and removed after refueling, what the for refueling required time required.
  • the speed with which a ship's tank can be filled with liquefied gas is limited only by the cross section of the tank line and the pressure with which the liquefied gas is pumped into the tank. It is therefore possible to pump liquid gas into the tank at high speed, so that the ship can be refueled quickly.
  • a ship's tank containing heated liquefied gas is preferably withdrawn from liquefied gas by opening a valve of a withdrawal conduit.
  • the overpressure in the vessel tank then ensures that the liquid is pushed out through the sampling line out of the tank and can be supplied to the drive about the ship.
  • the extraction line extends approximately in a ship preferably through a vessel tank top through to the bottom of the ship's tank. If a line is passed through the top of the tank into the tank, so that the risk of such a leak is minimized over which the tank contents could leak completely. If the withdrawal line extends to the bottom of the ship's tank, this ensures that the tank contents can be pushed out almost completely through the withdrawal line.
  • valves with which a sampling line is to be closed or opened housed in a pressure vessel. The relevant valves are adjacent to the vessel tank.
  • valves If a leak occurs behind the valves when viewed from the tank, the valves are closed immediately. It can then get no more liquid gas from a tank in the lines of the system and leak through a leak. If, however, a leak occurs in a valve which is arranged adjacent to the tank and through which a withdrawal line can be opened or closed, there is no possibility of being able to close the withdrawal line and prevent further escape of liquefied gas. This difficulty is solved by the additional pressure vessel, which shields such a valve to the outside. If a leak occurs in such a valve, then the extraction line can not be closed. The leaking liquefied gas then passes into the pressure vessel, which then ensures that liquefied gas can not damage the ship beyond that.
  • valve of the extraction line is advantageously located outside of the ship's tank, in particular in a process space.
  • the extraction line advantageously has a relatively thin cross-section compared to the duct through which the ship's tank is filled.
  • a large cross-section of the line, through which the tank is filled, advantageously allows fast refueling of a ship. Since the removal takes place much more slowly, a small cross section is sufficient for the comparatively cost-effective extraction line.
  • the withdrawal conduit is disposed within the conduit through which liquid gas is pumped approximately into the vessel's tank. This reduces the number of lines leading into the tank separated from each other. The risk of a leak is thus minimized further.
  • the double tube thus provided extends advantageously only up to the top of the tank. Then only the sampling line is enough to reach the bottom of the tank.
  • the ship's tank is provided with a conduit through which gas can be removed therefrom.
  • the line therefore preferably flows into the vessel tank from above and does not extend further into the tank.
  • the line is connected to a heat exchanger and preferably also to a compressor in order to heat and compress the gas so that it can be used for propulsion of the ship: this line therefore basically leads to the drive, for example to boil. to be able to use off gas for the drive.
  • boil-off gas is used for the drive, then a pressure is initially given by the warm-up during refueling. If necessary, this pressure is regulated by either recirculating hot gas from a compressor of the system or by exhausting gas for combustion.
  • the named process space is arranged outside the ship's tank. This particular has a preferably made of stainless steel tub.
  • the above-mentioned devices which are preferably arranged in the process space, are located in or above the tub. Occurs in these devices, a leak, it is collected leaking liquefied gas from the tub and can not continue to be destructive.
  • the process room can also be open but also completely closed.
  • the ship tank comprises only two pipes connected thereto. This reduces the risk of leakage occurring. Preferred are the lines welded to the tank, which is manageable due to the small number of lines in practice. The security is thereby further increased.
  • valves of the liquid lines may be enclosed by a collecting container whose design pressure is higher than that of the respective tank. This greatly minimizes the possibility of leakage of liquid into the process space.
  • Such valves are basically remote-controlled.
  • Lines connected to the ship tank can each be provided with an enclosed shut-off valve, for example with the above-mentioned remote-controlled valves with collecting container. These lines and connections are preferably made fully welded. So it lacks nozzle to connect a line. The security of the system is further improved.
  • each tank 1 of a ship is shown in section, which are intended for receiving the fuel and are set up and dimensioned accordingly.
  • the tanks 1 are such that they are able to withstand a temperature of -163 ° C to 45 ° C.
  • the design pressure of the tanks 1 is about or slightly more than 10 bar g.
  • In the top of each tank 1 opens a line 2, but does not reach into the tank.
  • each tank 1 is provided with a line 3, which extends through the respective tank top through to the respective tank bottom.
  • Each line 3 is used to fill the associated tank 1 with LPG.
  • the line 3 may be partially designed as a double tube.
  • LPG is taken from the tank via an inner tube of the double tube.
  • Liquid gas is pumped into the respective tank via an outer tube of the double tube.
  • connection 4 through which liquid gas to be heated is introduced into the system when a ship is to be refueled.
  • the liquefied gas entering the system via port 4 is heated in a heat exchanger 5.
  • the liquefied gas is also passed through a mixer 6 and mixed here with coming from the tanks 1 gas.
  • the liquid gas thus heated is then pumped into the tanks 1 via the line 3.
  • Boil-off gas in the tanks is led out of the tanks via lines 2 during refueling.
  • the outgoing gas is passed through a heat exchanger 7, in order to heat the gas when needed can.
  • the gas is in two compressors 8 introduced, which are able to compress the gas in the desired manner. If inexpensive oil-lubricated compressors 8 are used, the gas is then passed through the oil separator 9. The oil separated here can be returned to the compressors 8. For redundancy reasons, two compressors are provided in order to be able to continue driving in the event of a compressor failure.
  • the gas is introduced through a cooler 10 into a buffer volume 11.
  • the cooler if necessary, cools the gas to a temperature that is required by the consumer.
  • the buffer volume 11 serves to bridge, if in the short term not enough fuel (LPG or Boil-off Gas) can be removed from the tanks 1.
  • the gas is either forwarded via the line 12 to the consumer or via the line 13 into the mixer 6 into it.
  • the conduit 13 can pass through an activated charcoal filter 14 in order to purify the gas to be introduced into the liquefied gas to be heated beforehand.
  • the system includes a connected to the lines 3 pump 15, with the tanks 1 can be pumped empty in an emergency.
  • Via a line 16 can be removed from the system in an emergency gas.
  • liquefied gas If liquefied gas is pressed out of the tanks, it is first led into an evaporator 17 and vaporized here. From the evaporator 17, the gas is introduced, for example, in the heat exchanger 7 in order to be able to supply the gas to the consumer.
  • the lines are provided with a plurality of valves 18 to control the flow through the lines to the individual devices in the manner described.
  • FIG. 1 The system shown is provided with a load control bypass 19, can be removed with the gas behind the compressors 8 and fed back into the line with which gas is supplied to the compressors.
  • load control bypass unwanted pressure fluctuations and rapid pressure changes can be compensated.
  • FIG. 1 shown facilities of the system are located within a process chamber 20, which is provided at the bottom with a stainless steel collecting tray.
  • FIG. 1 Any line that passes through the room outside the tank poses a safety hazard FIG. 1
  • the fuel gas By mixing boil-off gas with vaporized gas, the fuel gas can be treated in the desired manner, so as to achieve, for example, a desired anti-knocking properties.
  • the system shown may include one or more pressure regulators (PIC) and / or pressure control valves (PCV) to properly regulate the pressure in the system.
  • PIC pressure regulators
  • PCV pressure control valves
  • temperatures in the system can be monitored and / or controlled. A temperature control takes place especially when loading the tanks.
  • Test leads which lead into the tank, enter via existing lines into the tank and in particular via the intended for the discharge line 3. It is thus achieved a very high safety standard. Security measures can be saved accordingly.
  • FIG. 2 another embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the remote-controlled valves with which a withdrawal line of a tank can be closed and which are arranged adjacent to the respective tank, enclosed by a pressure-resistant container 21. If a leak occurs in these valves, liquid gas enters the pressure-resistant container, so that further damage is avoided.
  • a line 22 liquefied gas can be suitably forwarded by a pressure-resistant container 21 in a line of the system. Therefore, the in FIG. 2 embodiment shown particularly safe.
  • FIG. 2 In addition, there is still a level gauge 23. Although there is then a third connection, which leads into the tank. But since this is not connected to external lines, this is not a problem and does not hinder the construction of the system further.
  • the level indicator of the level gauge is located in the process room. This can also be accommodated in a separate container. The same applies to the other devices which are arranged in the process space 20.
  • the bearing pressure in the vessel tank is above the pressure required by the consumer, no compressor is required to provide the gas pressure needed by the consumer. It then suffices a reducing valve, with which the gas pressure can be lowered if necessary suitably. If, for example, the storage pressure in the tank is 6 bar a and a consumer requires a gas pressure of 5 bar a, a sufficiently high pressure difference is available in order to be able to lower the gas pressure in the tank in order to have enough gas available so quickly. On the other hand, no additional compressor or compressor is needed to compress the gas to the pressure required by the consumer.
  • the ship's tanks 1 can be insulated with insulating material or by vacuum. In-tank pumps are not used because they are not needed.
  • the system according to the invention is robust and less susceptible to interference. Wear parts are outside the tank and are therefore easy to reach without having to commit the tank u.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart with some steps for an application of the method according to the invention.
  • LNG is taken from a stationary storage tank located on land 31.
  • LPG is heated by means of a heat exchanger 32.
  • LPG is pumped into a tank of the ship be available as fuel for a drive 33.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und ein System zum Betanken eines Schiffes mit kryogenem Flüssiggas, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 bzw. 6.The invention relates to a method and a system for refueling a ship with cryogenic liquid gas, according to the preamble of claim 1 or 6.

Im Zuge der Verschärfung von Abgasgrenzwerten sowie der Bemühungen, die Emissionen von Schadgasen und hier insbesondere SOx, CO2 und NOx insbesondere durch die Handelsschifffahrt zu reduzieren, werden zur Zeit Systeme entwickelt, die den Antrieb von Handelsschiffen auf Basis von Erdgas in sogenannten Dual Fuel-Motoren, die alternativ Erdgas und Schweröl und/oder Dieselöl verbrennen oder anderen Einrichtungen, die Gas als Brennstoff nutzen, ermöglichen.In the course of the tightening of emission limits and the efforts to reduce the emissions of harmful gases, and in particular SO x , CO 2 and NO x in particular by merchant shipping, systems are currently being developed, the drive of commercial ships based on natural gas in so-called dual Fuel engines that alternatively burn natural gas and heavy fuel oil and / or diesel oil or allow other facilities that use gas as fuel.

Voraussetzung für den Gasbetrieb ist, dass entsprechende Mengen Gas an Bord gebunkert werden können. Die erforderlichen Mengen hängen dabei von Schiffstyp und Schiffseinsatz ab. Die Anforderungen, die an den Gasdruck, die Gastemperatur und die Gasqualität des Brenngases gestellt werden, hängen individuell vom verwendeten Verbraucher ab.The prerequisite for gas operation is that appropriate quantities of gas can be bunkered on board. The required quantities depend on the type of ship and the ship. The requirements placed on the gas pressure, the gas temperature and the gas quality of the fuel gas depend individually on the consumer used.

Aufgrund der geringen Energiedichte von Erdgas bietet sich als bevorzugte Speicherform des Brenngases verflüssigtes Erdgas, sogenanntes LNG, an, das bei relativ geringem Druck und kryogenen Temperaturen eine relativ hohe Energiedichte im Speichervolumen erlaubt und damit unter den beschränkten Platzverhältnissen an Bord eines Schiffes die geforderte Energiemenge im verfügbaren Schiffsvolumen gespeichert werden kann.Due to the low energy density of natural gas offers as a preferred storage form of the fuel gas liquefied natural gas, so-called LNG, which allows a relatively high energy density in the storage volume at relatively low pressure and cryogenic temperatures and thus the limited amount of space on board a ship, the required amount of energy available ship volume can be stored.

Ein System zur Gasbereitstellung aus LNG auf einem Schiff weist üblicherweise folgende Komponenten auf:

  • Beladesystem (Bunkeranschluss);
  • LNG-Speicher (so ausgeführt, dass an das Speichervolumen angrenzende Schiffsteile nicht Gefahr laufen, extrem niedrigen Temperaturen ausgesetzt zu werden, die ein Versagen des Schiffbaustahls zur Folge haben würden);
  • Brennstoffförderung bzw. Druckerhöhung auf den Verbraucherdruck;
  • Brennstoffaufbereitung (Anpassung von Temperatur und ggfs. Qualität);
  • Sicherheitseinrichtungen.
A LNG gas delivery system on a ship usually has the following components:
  • Loading system (bunker connection);
  • LNG storage (designed so that ship parts adjacent to the storage volume do not run the risk of being exposed to extremely low temperatures, which would result in shipbuilding steel failure);
  • Fuel delivery or pressure increase to the consumer pressure;
  • Fuel conditioning (adjustment of temperature and possibly quality);
  • Safety equipment.

Nach dem Stand der Technik werden überwiegend relativ kleine, vakuumisolierte zylindrische Tanks als Speicherbehälter eingesetzt. Die Brennstoffaufbereitung erfolgt entweder durch im Tank installierte Pumpen durch gasförmigen Abzug verdampften LNGs und Verdichtung in Kompressoren oder durch Druckerhöhung in Naturumlaufverdampfern, die einen Bodenauslass des Tanks erfordern.According to the prior art predominantly relatively small, vacuum-insulated cylindrical tanks are used as storage containers. The fuel treatment is carried out either by pumps installed in the tank by gaseous withdrawal vaporized LNGs and compression in Compressors or by increasing the pressure in natural circulation evaporators that require a bottom outlet of the tank.

Die Beladung erfolgt etwa mit sogenanntem Gaspendeln. Das heißt, die im leeren Schiffstank enthaltene Gasphase wird durch nachgefülltes flüssiges LNG verdrängt und durch eine zweite Leitung neben der Bunkerleitung zum befüllenden Schiff bzw. Lagertank zurückgegeben.The loading is done with so-called gas commuting. That is, the gas phase contained in the empty ship tank is displaced by refilled liquid LNG and returned by a second line next to the bunker line to the filling ship or storage tank.

Um an einen Tank Leitungen anzuschließen, ist ein Tank in der Regel mit Stutzen versehen, an die Leitungen angeflanscht werden. Zwar wäre es aus Sicherheitsgründen besser, Leitungen an einen Tank anzuschweißen. Bei einem konventionellen Tank lässt sich dies jedoch in der Praxis regelmäßig nicht realisieren. Aus Sicherheitsgründen ist es ferner ratsam, Leitungen nicht durch einen Tankboden oder durch Seitenwände des Tanks hindurchzuführen. Andernfalls hat ein entsprechendes Leck bei der Leitung im Tankbereich zur Folge, dass die Flüssigkeit im Tank schwerkraftbedingt ausläuft.In order to connect lines to a tank, a tank is usually provided with nozzles, are flanged to the lines. For safety reasons, it would be better to weld cables to a tank. In a conventional tank, however, this can not be done regularly in practice. For safety reasons, it is also advisable not to pass lines through a tank bottom or through side walls of the tank. Otherwise, a corresponding leak in the line in the tank area will cause the liquid in the tank to drain due to gravity.

Aus der Druckschrift EP 1 353 113 A2 sind ein System und ein Verfahren zur Entladung von Gastankschiffen bekannt. Das System umfasst einen Ladetank mit und einen Ladetank ohne Tauchpumpe. Die Ladetanks sind über zwei Leitungen miteinander verbunden, wobei eine Leitung mit einem Kompressor versehen ist. Mit Hilfe des Kompressors wird aus dem Ladetank mit der Tauchpumpe eine Gasphase in den Tank ohne Tauchpumpe gepumpt. Durch die so bewirkte Druckerhöhung im Tank ohne Tauchpumpe gelangt Flüssigkeit aus dem Tank ohne Tauchpumpe über die weitere Leitung in den Tank mit Tauchpumpe. Mit Hilfe der Tauchpumpe wird Flüssiggas aus dem zugehörigen Tank über eine Abgabeleitung zu einer Landanlage gefördert. Das System ermöglicht eine geeignete Temperierung.From the publication EP 1 353 113 A2 For example, a gas tanker unloading system and method are known. The system includes a cargo tank with and a cargo tank without submersible pump. The cargo tanks are connected to each other via two pipes, one pipe being provided with a compressor. With the help of the compressor, a gas phase is pumped from the cargo tank with the submersible pump into the tank without submersible pump. As a result of the pressure increase in the tank without submersible pump, liquid from the tank without submersible pump passes through the further line into the tank with submersible pump. With the help of the submersible pump LPG is conveyed from the associated tank via a discharge line to a land plant. The system allows a suitable temperature control.

Bei einem weiteren bekannten Verfahren für das Befüllen eines Tanks wird beispielsweise verflüssigtes Erdgas in einen Tank über eine erste Leitung gefüllt. Im Tank entstehendes, sogenanntes Boil-off Gas wird kondensiert, indem über eine zweite Leitung tiefkalte Flüssigkeit in die Gasphase gesprüht wird. Im Tank entstehendes Boil-off Gas muss daher nicht aus dem Tank entnommen werden. Über eine dritte Leitung wird Flüssiggas bei Bedarf dem Tank entnommen. Die Druckschrift WO 2009/063127 A1 zeigt eine Tankanlage, mit der ein solches Verfahren durchgeführt wird.In another known method for filling a tank, for example, liquefied natural gas is filled into a tank via a first conduit. Boil-off gas produced in the tank is condensed by spraying cryogenic liquid into the gas phase via a second line. Boil-off gas generated in the tank therefore does not have to be removed from the tank. If necessary, LPG is taken from the tank via a third line. The publication WO 2009/063127 A1 shows a tank system with which such a method is performed.

Wird im Tank befindliches Gas während des Befüllens mit Flüssiggas kondensiert, um so einen Überdruck im Tank zu vermeiden, so begrenzt dies die Geschwindigkeit, mit der ein Tank mit Flüssiggas gefüllt werden kann.If gas in the tank is condensed during filling with liquefied gas in order to avoid overpressure in the tank, this limits the speed with which a tank can be filled with liquefied gas.

Ein konventioneller Tank der oben erwähnten Art ist regelmäßig mit 8 bis 10 Stutzen für den Anschluss von Leitungen versehen. So weist beispielsweise der in der WO 2009/063127 A1 bildlich dargestellte Tank bereits 6 Leitungen auf, die aus Praktikabilitätsgründen durch Stutzen am Tank angeschlossen werden. In der Praxis werden bei dem aus der WO 2009/063127 A1 bekannten Tank noch weitere Leitungen erforderlich sein, die lediglich nicht dargestellt wurden.A conventional tank of the type mentioned above is regularly provided with 8 to 10 nozzles for the connection of pipes. For example, in the WO 2009/063127 A1 pictured tank already on 6 lines that are connected for reasons of practicality by connecting the tank. In practice, in the from the WO 2009/063127 A1 known tank even more lines may be required, which were only not shown.

Bei einem Tank eines Transportmittels, insbesondere eines Schiffes, werden in der Praxis folgende Leitungen bzw. Stutzen für den Anschluss von Leitungen am Tank benötigt.In a tank of a means of transport, in particular a ship, the following lines or nozzles are required in practice for the connection of lines to the tank in practice.

Ein erster Stutzen bzw. eine daran anzuschließende Leitung wird benötigt, um den Transportmitteltank zu befüllen. Ein zweiter Stutzen, eine weitere Leitung wird benötigt, um den Transportmitteltank zu entladen, wenn sich in dem Transportmitteltank eine Tauchpumpe befindet. Es wird drittens ein Stutzen für eine Sprayleitung benötigt, um den Tank geeignet temperieren sowie Boil-off Gas kondensieren zu können. Ein vierter Stutzen wird verwendet, um eine Gasphase aus dem Tank heraus leiten zu können. Weitere Stutzen werden für Sicherheitsventile und für die Messung von Parametern wie Druck, Temperatur und Füllstand vorgesehen.A first nozzle or a pipe to be connected to it is required to fill the transport tank. A second port, another line is needed to unload the transport tank when there is a submersible pump in the transport tank. Thirdly, a connection for a spray line is required in order to be able to temper the tank appropriately and to condense boil-off gas. A fourth port is used to direct a gas phase out of the tank. Further nozzles are provided for safety valves and for the measurement of parameters such as pressure, temperature and level.

Aus der DE 19916563 A1 ist ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 und ein System gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 6 bekannt.From the DE 19916563 A1 a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a system according to the preamble of claim 6 is known.

Demgegenüber liegt die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, LNG auf dem Weg zum Schiffstank schnell und mit möglichst geringem technischen Aufwand gezielt zu erwärmen.In contrast, the object of the present invention is to heat LNG on the way to the ship tank quickly and with the least possible technical effort targeted.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Gemeinsamkeit aller Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 bzw. 6 gelöst.According to the invention this object is achieved by the commonality of all features of claims 1 and 6, respectively.

Der Begriff "Lagern" impliziert im Folgenden sowohl die Bedeutungen Einlagern", also "Befüllen", als auch "Auslagern", also Entnahme, sowie "Halten" bzw. "Beinhalten".In the following, the term "storage" implies both the meanings "storage", ie "filling", and "outsourcing", ie removal, as well as "holding" or "containing".

Einem Lagertank entnommenes Flüssiggas wird schon dadurch erwärmt, dass es lediglich von dem Lagertank in den Schiffstank gepumpt wird. Flüssiggas aus dem Lagertank kann auch aktiv erwärmt werden, ehe es in den Schiffstank gelangt. Eine aktive Erwärmung im Sinne dieser Anmeldung liegt vor, wenn dem aus dem Lagertank stammenden Flüssiggas Wärme gesteuert zugeführt wird, indem Boil-Off-Gas mit dem Flüssiggas gemischt wird. Zudem kann das aus dem Lagertank stammende Flüssiggas mit einem Wärmetauscher erwärmt werden und von dem Wärmetauscher in den Schiffstank gelangen.Liquefied gas taken from a storage tank is already heated by pumping it only from the storage tank into the vessel tank. Liquefied gas from the storage tank can also be actively heated before it enters the ship's tank. Active heating in the context of this application is when heat is supplied to the liquefied gas originating from the storage tank in a controlled manner by mixing boil-off gas with the liquid gas. In addition, the liquefied gas originating from the storage tank can be heated with a heat exchanger and can reach the vessel tank from the heat exchanger.

Ein entsprechendes Verfahren für das Lagern von kryogenem Flüssiggas in einem Tank eines Schiffes umfasst die Schritte: Entnehmen von Flüssiggas aus einem Lagertank, insbesondere aus einem stationären Lagertank, Erwärmen des entnommenen Flüssiggases, Befüllen des Tanks des Schiffes mit dem erwärmten Flüssiggas durch Pumpen des Flüssiggases in den Tank des Schiffes.A corresponding method for storing cryogenic liquefied petroleum gas in a tank of a ship comprises the steps of: removing liquefied gas from a storage tank, in particular from a stationary storage tank, heating the withdrawn liquefied gas, filling the tank of the vessel with the heated liquefied gas by pumping the liquefied gas the tank of the ship.

Typischerweise wird zum Beispiel LNG in einem Lagertank bei einer Temperatur von weniger als -161°C gelagert, um so LNG bei Normaldruck lagern zu können. Aus gleichem Grund liegt die Lagertemperatur von LNG in einem Schiffstank üblicherweise ebenfalls bei weniger als -161 °C. Durch das Erwärmen gelangt nun erfindungsgemäß deutlich wärmeres Flüssiggas in den Schiffstank. Die Temperatur des erwärmten LNGs kann beispielsweise nach dem Erwärmen statt -163°C nur noch -140°C bis -150°C betragen.Typically, for example, LNG is stored in a storage tank at a temperature of less than -161 ° C so as to be able to store LNG at atmospheric pressure. For the same reason, the storage temperature of LNG in a ship's tank is usually also less than -161 ° C. By heating, according to the invention, significantly warmer liquefied gas now enters the ship's tank. The temperature of the heated LNG, for example, after heating instead of -163 ° C only be -140 ° C to -150 ° C.

Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens wird insbesondere ein System für das Befüllen und/oder Entleeren eines Tanks eines Schiffes mit LNG bereitgestellt, etwa mit einem Tank für die Lagerung von LNG, dessen Auslegungsdruck (auch genannt Designdruck) wenigstens 5 bar g (bar gauge; Druck relativ zur Atmosphäre), vorzugsweise wenigstens 10 bar g beträgt, wobei der Tank mit einem Einlass für kryogenes Flüssiggas und einem Auslass für das Entladen des Tanks versehen ist, wobei der Einlass Mittel für das Erwärmen von LNG umfasst.For carrying out the method, in particular a system for filling and / or emptying a tank of a ship with LNG is provided, for example with a tank for the storage of LNG whose design pressure (also called design pressure) is at least 5 bar g (bar gauge; to the atmosphere), preferably at least 10 bar g, the tank being provided with a cryogenic liquified gas inlet and an outlet for unloading the tank, the inlet comprising means for heating LNG.

Ein System für das Lagern von kryogenem Flüssiggas für ein Schiff kann also aufweisen: einen Schiffstank für das Lagern von Flüssiggas, eine Einlasseinrichtung für die Entnahme von Flüssiggas aus einem Lagertank, insbesondere aus einem stationären Lagertank, Mittel zur Erwärmung des entnommenen Flüssiggases, und eine Befülleinrichtung für den Tank des Schiffes mit einer Pumpe zum Pumpen des erwärmten Flüssiggases in den Tank des Schiffes; und ein Schiff kann ein solches System aufweisen.A system for storing cryogenic liquid gas for a ship may thus comprise: a ship tank for storing liquefied gas, an inlet device for the removal of liquefied gas from a storage tank, in particular from a stationary storage tank, means for heating the withdrawn liquefied gas, and a filling device for the tank of the ship with a pump for pumping the heated liquefied gas into the tank of the ship; and a ship may have such a system.

Da in dem Schiffstank trotz Erwärmen dennoch eine flüssige Phase vorliegt, herrscht in dem Schiffstank nach dem Befüllen ein Überdruck. Dieser Überdruck wird erfindungsgemäß angestrebt, da mit dessen Hilfe Brennstoff dem Tank entnommen werden kann, ohne eine Pumpe einsetzen zu müssen. Die Temperatur des im Schiffstank befindlichen Flüssiggases liegt vorzugsweise oberhalb der Siedetemperatur des Flüssiggases bei Normaldruck.Since there is still a liquid phase in the ship's tank despite heating, there is an overpressure in the ship's tank after filling. This overpressure is sought according to the invention, since it can be used to remove fuel from the tank without having to use a pump. The temperature of the liquefied gas in the vessel tank is preferably above the boiling point of the liquefied gas at normal pressure.

Da der Überdruck sofort bereitsteht, kann etwa Flüssiggas sofort nach dem Befüllen, also nach dem Betanken des Schiffs entnommen werden, um damit einen Antrieb mit Brenngas versorgen zu können. Ein Schiff kann daher sofort nach einem Betanken seine Fahrt fortsetzen, ohne für die Brennstoffzufuhr eine Pumpe einsetzen zu müssen.Since the overpressure is ready immediately, liquid gas can be removed immediately after filling, that is after refueling the ship, in order to be able to supply a drive with fuel gas. A ship can therefore continue its journey immediately after refueling, without having to use a pump for fuel supply.

Bei einer Anwendung ist das Flüssiggas um wenigstens 10°C erwärmt worden, um so zu einem gewünschten Lagerdruck zu gelangen. Eine solche Temperaturdifferenz ist regelmäßig förderlich, um sofort einen hinreichend hohen Lagerdruck in dem Schiffstank für den beschriebenen Zweck zu erhalten; förderlich kann auch eine Erwärmung um wenigstens 15°C sein.In one application, the liquefied gas has been heated by at least 10 ° C so as to achieve a desired bearing pressure. Such a temperature difference is regularly conducive to immediately obtain a sufficiently high bearing pressure in the vessel tank for the purpose described; it can also be beneficial to warm it by at least 15 ° C.

Um eine hinreichende Brennstoffmenge etwa aus dem Schiffstank sofort nach dem Betanken entnehmen zu können, welche benötigt wird, um ein Schiff antreiben zu können, beträgt der Lagerdruck in so einem Schiffstank vorzugsweise wenigstens 3 bar absolut; förderlich kann auch ein Druck von über 5 bar absolut oder sogar 8 bar absolut sein. Zuvor wurde daher das Flüssiggas auf eine entsprechend hohe Temperatur erwärmt.In order to be able to remove a sufficient amount of fuel from the ship's tank immediately after refueling, which is required to be able to drive a ship, the bearing pressure in such a ship's tank is preferably at least 3 bar absolute; a pressure of more than 5 bar absolute or even 8 bar absolute can also be beneficial. Previously, therefore, the liquefied gas was heated to a correspondingly high temperature.

Um ein Flüssiggas zu erwärmen, wird etwa im Schiffstank befindliches Gas während des Befüllens dem Flüssiggas hinzugefügt, welches in den Schiffstank eingeleitet wird. Hierdurch wird das Flüssiggas nicht nur erwärmt, sondern in dem Schiffstank befindliches Gas zugleich vorteilhaft kondensiert. Die Zuführung des Gases erfolgt in die Zuleitung hinein, über die das Flüssiggas in den Schiffstank gepumpt wird. Die Zuführung erfolgt vorteilhaft außerhalb des Schiffstanks und zwar insbesondere in einem Prozessraum. Gas wird also aus dem Schiffstank über eine zweite Leitung abgesaugt und in die Leitung gepresst, über die das Flüssiggas in den Schiffstank gepumpt wird. Das aus dem Schiffstank stammende Gas wird mit dem Flüssiggas insbesondere mit Hilfe eines z. B. statischen Mischers vermischt. Auch der Mischer befindet sich vorteilhaft in einem Prozessraum.In order to heat a liquefied gas, gas present in the ship's tank is added to the liquefied gas during filling, which is introduced into the ship's tank. As a result, the liquefied gas is not only heated, but condensed advantageous in the vessel's tank gas at the same time. The supply of the gas takes place into the supply line, via which the liquefied petroleum gas is pumped into the ship's tank. The feed advantageously takes place outside the ship's tank, specifically in a process space. Gas is thus sucked out of the ship's tank via a second line and pressed into the line, via which the liquid gas is pumped into the ship's tank. The originating from the ship's tank gas is mixed with the liquefied gas, in particular by means of a z. B. static mixer mixed. The mixer is also advantageously located in a process room.

Da mit Hilfe des etwa in dem Schiffstank befindlichen Gases das Flüssiggas möglicherweise lediglich um ca. 0,5°C bis 1 °C erwärmt wird und eine Erwärmung von 0,5°C bis 1 °C ggf. nicht ausreicht, wird das Flüssiggas bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform zumindest ergänzend mit einem Wärmetauscher erwärmt. Der Wärmetauscher befindet sich aus Kostengründen vorzugsweise ebenfalls außerhalb des Schiffstanks und zwar insbesondere in einem Prozessraum. Wird Flüssiggas in den Schiffstank gepumpt, so gelangt dieses zuerst zu dem Wärmetauscher und von dem Wärmetauscher aus in den Schiffstank.Since with the help of approximately in the ship's tank gas, the LPG may only be heated by about 0.5 ° C to 1 ° C and a heating of 0.5 ° C to 1 ° C may not be sufficient, the LPG is at a preferred embodiment, at least in addition to a heat exchanger heated. For reasons of cost, the heat exchanger is preferably also outside the ship's tank and in particular in a process space. If liquefied petroleum gas is pumped into the ship's tank, it first reaches the heat exchanger and from the heat exchanger into the ship's tank.

Da in dem Schiffstank ein Überdruck aufgebaut werden soll, wird das Flüssiggas mit Hilfe einer Pumpe in diesen hineingepumpt und zwar mit einem Druck, der oberhalb des Lagerdrucks in dem Tank liegt. Beträgt also der Lagerdruck in dem Tank 3 bar absolut, so wird das Flüssiggas mit einem Druck von mehr als 3 bar absolut in den Tank hineingepumpt, so zum Beispiel mit einem Druck von 4 bar absolut. Wird in das Flüssiggas, welches in den Schiffstank hineingepumpt wird, aus dem Schiffstank stammendes Gas hinzugefügt, so wird dieses Gas mit einem Druck in das Flüssiggas hineingepresst, der oberhalb des Flüssigkeitsdrucks des zu erwärmenden Flüssiggases liegt. Dieser Gasdruck beträgt beispielsweise 5 bar absolut (bar a), wenn der Flüssigkeitsdruck des zu erwärmenden Flüssiggases 4 bar absolut beträgt.Since an overpressure is to be built up in the ship's tank, the liquefied gas is pumped into it by means of a pump, namely at a pressure which is above the bearing pressure in the tank. Thus, if the bearing pressure in the tank is 3 bar absolute, the liquefied gas is pumped absolutely into the tank at a pressure of more than 3 bar, for example at a pressure of 4 bar absolute. If gas originating from the ship's tank is added to the liquid gas which is pumped into the ship's tank, this gas is injected into the liquefied gas at a pressure which is above the liquid pressure of the liquefied gas to be heated. This gas pressure is, for example, 5 bar absolute (bar a) when the liquid pressure of the liquefied gas to be heated is 4 bar absolute.

Um insbesondere einen Schiffstank besonders schnell mit Flüssiggas füllen zu können, wird er vorzugsweise über nur eine Zuleitung befüllt. Soll Flüssiggas getankt werden, so muss dann nur eine Leitung (Tankleitung) angeschlossen und nach dem Tanken entfernt werden, was den für das Tanken erforderlichen Zeitaufwand reduziert. Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der ein Schiffstank mit Flüssiggas gefüllt werden kann, wird allein durch den Querschnitt der Tankleitung und den Druck begrenzt, mit dem das Flüssiggas in den Tank hineingepumpt wird. Es ist daher möglich, Flüssiggas mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in den Tank hineinzupumpen, so dass das Schiffschnell betankt werden kann.In order to be able to fill a ship tank particularly quickly with liquefied gas, it is preferably filled via only one supply line. If liquefied petroleum gas is to be refueled, then only one line (tank line) must be connected and removed after refueling, what the for refueling required time required. The speed with which a ship's tank can be filled with liquefied gas is limited only by the cross section of the tank line and the pressure with which the liquefied gas is pumped into the tank. It is therefore possible to pump liquid gas into the tank at high speed, so that the ship can be refueled quickly.

Einem Schiffstank, in dem sich erwärmtes Flüssiggas befindet, wird vorzugsweise Flüssiggas entnommen, indem ein Ventil einer Entnahmeleitung geöffnet wird. Der Überdruck in dem Schiffstank trägt dann dafür Sorge, dass die Flüssigkeit durch die Entnahmeleitung hindurch aus dem Tank herausgedrückt wird und so dem Antrieb etwa des Schiffes zugeführt werden kann. Die Entnahmeleitung reicht etwa bei einem Schiff vorzugsweise durch eine Schiffstankoberseite hindurch bis zu dem Boden des Schiffstanks. Wird eine Leitung durch die Oberseite des Tanks hindurch in den Tank hinein geführt, so wird damit die Gefahr eines solchen Lecks minimiert, über welches der Tankinhalt vollständig auslaufen könnte. Reicht die Entnahmeleitung bis zu dem Boden des Schiffstanks, so wird damit erreicht, dass der Tankinhalt praktisch vollständig durch die Entnahmeleitung hindurch herausgedrückt werden kann.A ship's tank containing heated liquefied gas is preferably withdrawn from liquefied gas by opening a valve of a withdrawal conduit. The overpressure in the vessel tank then ensures that the liquid is pushed out through the sampling line out of the tank and can be supplied to the drive about the ship. The extraction line extends approximately in a ship preferably through a vessel tank top through to the bottom of the ship's tank. If a line is passed through the top of the tank into the tank, so that the risk of such a leak is minimized over which the tank contents could leak completely. If the withdrawal line extends to the bottom of the ship's tank, this ensures that the tank contents can be pushed out almost completely through the withdrawal line.

Tritt bei einem Schiff, ein Leck bei einer Entnahmeleitung auf, die durch die Oberseite des Tanks hindurch aus dem Tank herausgeführt wird, so kann aufgrund des im Tank herrschenden Überdrucks dennoch Kraftstoff austreten und das Schiff beschädigen. Allerdings kann im Fall eines Lecks der im Tank herrschende Druck relativ schnell durch Ablassen von Gas entspannt werden, so dass jedenfalls in einer Notsituation gegenüber einem Tank mit Bodenauslass der Vorteil besteht, dass dann allenfalls eine sehr kleine Menge aus dem Tank austreten wird. Auf diese Weise kann sehr zuverlässig vermieden werden, dass Material des Schiffes bei Auftreten eines Lecks beschädigt wird. In einer werden die Ventile, mit denen eine Entnahmeleitung verschlossen oder geöffnet werden soll, in einem Druckbehälter untergebracht. Die maßgeblichen Ventile liegen benachbart zu dem Schiffstank. Tritt ein Leck von dem Tank aus gesehen hinter den besagten Ventilen auf, so werden die Ventile sofort geschlossen. Es kann danach kein weiteres Flüssiggas aus einem Tank in die Leitungen des Systems gelangen und durch ein Leck austreten. Tritt ein Leck dagegen bei einem Ventil auf, welches benachbart zu dem Tank angeordnet ist und durch welches eine Entnahmeleitung geöffnet oder geschlossen werden kann, so fehlt die Möglichkeit, die Entnahmeleitung schließen und weiteren Austritt von Flüssiggas verhindern zu können. Diese Schwierigkeit wird durch den zusätzlichen Druckbehälter gelöst, der ein solches Ventil nach außen abschirmt. Tritt ein Leck bei einem solchen Ventil auf, so kann zwar die Entnahmeleitung nicht verschlossen werden. Das austretende Flüssiggas gelangt dann aber in den Druckbehälter hinein, der dann dafür Sorge trägt, dass Flüssiggas nicht darüber hinaus etwa das Schiff beschädigen kann.Occurs in a vessel, a leak at a sampling line, which is led out through the top of the tank through the tank, so can still leak fuel and damage the ship due to the pressure prevailing in the tank. However, in the case of a leak, the pressure prevailing in the tank can be relieved relatively quickly by discharging gas, so that in any case in an emergency situation with respect to a tank with bottom outlet, there is the advantage that at most a very small amount will escape from the tank. In this way it can be very reliably avoided that material of the ship is damaged in the event of a leak. In one, the valves with which a sampling line is to be closed or opened, housed in a pressure vessel. The relevant valves are adjacent to the vessel tank. If a leak occurs behind the valves when viewed from the tank, the valves are closed immediately. It can then get no more liquid gas from a tank in the lines of the system and leak through a leak. If, however, a leak occurs in a valve which is arranged adjacent to the tank and through which a withdrawal line can be opened or closed, there is no possibility of being able to close the withdrawal line and prevent further escape of liquefied gas. This difficulty is solved by the additional pressure vessel, which shields such a valve to the outside. If a leak occurs in such a valve, then the extraction line can not be closed. The leaking liquefied gas then passes into the pressure vessel, which then ensures that liquefied gas can not damage the ship beyond that.

Das Ventil der Entnahmeleitung befindet sich vorteilhaft außerhalb des Schiffstanks, und zwar insbesondere in einem Prozessraum.The valve of the extraction line is advantageously located outside of the ship's tank, in particular in a process space.

Die Entnahmeleitung hat vorteilhaft einen relativ dünnen Querschnitt im Vergleich zu der Leitung, über die der Schiffstank gefüllt wird. Ein großer Querschnitt der Leitung, über die der Tank gefüllt wird, ermöglicht vorteilhaft ein schnelles Betanken eines Schiffes. Da die Entnahme sehr viel langsamer erfolgt, genügt hierfür ein geringer Querschnitt für die dadurch vergleichsweise kostengünstige Entnahmeleitung.The extraction line advantageously has a relatively thin cross-section compared to the duct through which the ship's tank is filled. A large cross-section of the line, through which the tank is filled, advantageously allows fast refueling of a ship. Since the removal takes place much more slowly, a small cross section is sufficient for the comparatively cost-effective extraction line.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Entnahmeleitung innerhalb der Leitung angeordnet, durch die Flüssiggas etwa in den Schiffstank gepumpt wird. Hierdurch wird die Zahl der Leitungen reduziert, die voneinander getrennt in den Tank hineinführen. Die Gefahr eines Lecks wird so weiter minimiert. Das so bereitgestellte Doppelrohr reicht allerdings vorteilhaft nur bis zu der Oberseite des Tanks. Bis zu dem Boden des Tanks reicht dann nur noch die Entnahmeleitung.In one embodiment of the invention, the withdrawal conduit is disposed within the conduit through which liquid gas is pumped approximately into the vessel's tank. This reduces the number of lines leading into the tank separated from each other. The risk of a leak is thus minimized further. However, the double tube thus provided extends advantageously only up to the top of the tank. Then only the sampling line is enough to reach the bottom of the tank.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist der Schiffstank mit einer Leitung versehen, über die Gas aus diesem entnommen werden kann. Die Leitung mündet daher bevorzugt von oben in den Schiffstank ein und reicht nicht weiter in den Tank hinein. Die Leitung ist mit einem Wärmetauscher und bevorzugt auch mit einem Verdichter verbunden, um das Gas so zu erwärmen und zu verdichten, so dass es für den Antrieb des Schiffes verwendet werden kann: Diese Leitung führt daher grundsätzlich zu dem Antrieb, um zum Beispiel Boil-off Gas für den Antrieb einsetzen zu können.According to the invention, the ship's tank is provided with a conduit through which gas can be removed therefrom. The line therefore preferably flows into the vessel tank from above and does not extend further into the tank. The line is connected to a heat exchanger and preferably also to a compressor in order to heat and compress the gas so that it can be used for propulsion of the ship: this line therefore basically leads to the drive, for example to boil. to be able to use off gas for the drive.

Wird Boil-off Gas für den Antrieb eingesetzt, so ist zunächst ein Druck durch das Aufwärmen während des Betankens vorgegeben. Bei Bedarf wird dieser Druck entweder durch Rezirkulation von heißem Gas aus einem Verdichter des Systems oder durch Absaugen von Gas zur Verbrennung reguliert.If boil-off gas is used for the drive, then a pressure is initially given by the warm-up during refueling. If necessary, this pressure is regulated by either recirculating hot gas from a compressor of the system or by exhausting gas for combustion.

Der genannte Prozessraum ist außerhalb des Schiffstanks, angeordnet. Dieser weist insbesondere eine bevorzugt aus Edelstahl bestehende Wanne auf. Die oben genannten Vorrichtungen, die vorzugsweise in dem Prozessraum angeordnet sind, befinden sich in oder oberhalb der Wanne. Tritt bei diesen Vorrichtungen ein Leck auf, so wird darüber austretendes Flüssiggas von der Wanne aufgefangen und kann nicht weitergehend zerstörerisch wirken. Der Prozessraum kann darüber hinaus offen aber auch vollständig geschlossen sein.The named process space is arranged outside the ship's tank. This particular has a preferably made of stainless steel tub. The above-mentioned devices, which are preferably arranged in the process space, are located in or above the tub. Occurs in these devices, a leak, it is collected leaking liquefied gas from the tub and can not continue to be destructive. The process room can also be open but also completely closed.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst der Schiffstank nur zwei Leitungen, die mit diesem verbunden sind. Dies reduziert die Gefahr eines auftretenden Lecks. Bevorzugt sind die Leitungen an dem Tank angeschweißt, was aufgrund der kleinen Zahl an Leitungen in der Praxis beherrschbar ist. Die Sicherheit wird dadurch weiter erhöht.In one embodiment of the invention, the ship tank comprises only two pipes connected thereto. This reduces the risk of leakage occurring. Preferred are the lines welded to the tank, which is manageable due to the small number of lines in practice. The security is thereby further increased.

Die dem Schiffstank am nächsten liegenden Ventile der Flüssigkeitsleitungen können von einem Auffangbehälter umschlossen sein, dessen Auslegungsdruck höher als der des jeweiligen Tanks ist. Dadurch wird die Möglichkeit einer Leckage von Flüssigkeit in den Prozessraum stark minimiert. Solche Ventile sind grundsätzlich fernbedienbar.The closest to the vessel tank valves of the liquid lines may be enclosed by a collecting container whose design pressure is higher than that of the respective tank. This greatly minimizes the possibility of leakage of liquid into the process space. Such valves are basically remote-controlled.

Mit dem Schiffstank verbundene Leitungen können jeweils mit einer gekapselten Absperrarmatur versehen sein, so zum Beispiel mit vorgenannten fembedienbaren Ventilen mit Auffangbehälter. Diese Leitungen nebst Anschlüssen sind vorzugsweise voll verschweißt ausgeführt. Es fehlen also Stutzen, um eine Leitung anzuschließen. Die Sicherheit des Systems wird so weiter verbessert.Lines connected to the ship tank can each be provided with an enclosed shut-off valve, for example with the above-mentioned remote-controlled valves with collecting container. These lines and connections are preferably made fully welded. So it lacks nozzle to connect a line. The security of the system is further improved.

Die in der vorangehenden und folgenden Beschreibung offenbarten Aspekte beziehen sich sowohl auf das Verfahren als auch auf das System, auch wenn dies nicht immer ausdrücklich ausformuliert ist. Die einzelnen Merkmale können grundsätzlich auch in anderen als den gezeigten Kombinationen erfindungswesentlich sein.The aspects disclosed in the foregoing and following description are related to both the method and the system, although not always expressly stated. In principle, the individual features can also be essential to the invention in combinations other than those shown.

Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung auch anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden, ohne dabei die Erfindung durch die Beispiele einschränken zu wollen:

  • Figur 1 zeigt ein System nach der Erfindung.
  • Figur 2 zeigt ein weiteres System nach der Erfindung.
  • Figur 3 zeigt ein Ablaufdiagramm für eine Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments, without wishing to restrict the invention by the examples:
  • FIG. 1 shows a system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows another system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart for an application of the method according to the invention.

In der Figur 1 werden drei Tanks 1 eines Schiffs im Schnitt gezeigt, die für die Aufnahme des Treibstoffs bestimmt und entsprechend eingerichtet und dimensioniert sind. Die Tanks 1 sind so beschaffen, dass diese einer Temperatur von -163°C bis 45°C zu widerstehen vermögen. Der Auslegungsdruck der Tanks 1 beträgt ca. oder etwas mehr als 10 bar g. In die Oberseite eines jeden Tanks 1 mündet eine Leitung 2 ein, die aber nicht in den Tank hineinreicht. Darüber hinaus ist jeder Tank 1 mit einer Leitung 3 versehen, die durch die jeweilige Tankoberseite hindurch bis zu dem jeweiligen Tankboden reicht. Jede Leitung 3 dient dem Befüllen des zugehörigen Tanks 1 mit Flüssiggas. Darüber hinaus wird durch diese Leitung hindurch Flüssiggas aus dem Tank aufgrund eines in dem Tank herrschenden Überdrucks von beispielsweise 3, 5 oder 9 bar absolut herausgedrückt und zu einem Antrieb für das Schiff weitergeleitet, also zum Beispiel zu einem Motor oder zu einer Turbine des Schiffes. Die Leitung 3 kann teilweise als Doppelrohr ausgeführt sein. Über ein Innenrohr des Doppelrohrs wird Flüssiggas dem Tank entnommen. Über ein Außenrohr des Doppelrohrs wird Flüssiggas in den jeweiligen Tank hineingepumpt.In the FIG. 1 three tanks 1 of a ship are shown in section, which are intended for receiving the fuel and are set up and dimensioned accordingly. The tanks 1 are such that they are able to withstand a temperature of -163 ° C to 45 ° C. The design pressure of the tanks 1 is about or slightly more than 10 bar g. In the top of each tank 1 opens a line 2, but does not reach into the tank. In addition, each tank 1 is provided with a line 3, which extends through the respective tank top through to the respective tank bottom. Each line 3 is used to fill the associated tank 1 with LPG. In addition, through this line, liquefied gas from the tank due to a pressure prevailing in the tank, for example, 3, 5 or 9 bar absolutely pushed out and forwarded to a drive for the ship, so for example to a motor or to a turbine of the ship. The line 3 may be partially designed as a double tube. LPG is taken from the tank via an inner tube of the double tube. Liquid gas is pumped into the respective tank via an outer tube of the double tube.

Das in der Figur 1 gezeigte System verfügt über einen Anschluss 4, über den zu erwärmendes Flüssiggas in das System hineingeleitet wird, wenn ein Schiff betankt werden soll. Das über den Anschluss 4 in das System gelangende Flüssiggas wird in einem Wärmetauscher 5 erwärmt. Das Flüssiggas wird auch durch einen Mischer 6 hindurch geleitet und hier mit aus den Tanks 1 stammendem Gas vermischt. Das so erwärmte Flüssiggas wird anschließend über die Leitung 3 in die Tanks 1 hineingepumpt.That in the FIG. 1 The system shown has a connection 4, through which liquid gas to be heated is introduced into the system when a ship is to be refueled. The liquefied gas entering the system via port 4 is heated in a heat exchanger 5. The liquefied gas is also passed through a mixer 6 and mixed here with coming from the tanks 1 gas. The liquid gas thus heated is then pumped into the tanks 1 via the line 3.

In den Tanks befindliches Boil-Off Gas wird u. a. während des Tankens über die Leitungen 2 aus den Tanks heraus geleitet. Das heraus geleitete Gas wird durch einen Wärmetauscher 7 hindurch geleitet, um das Gas bei Bedarf erwärmen zu können. Anschließend wird das Gas in zwei Kompressoren 8 eingeleitet, die das Gas in gewünschter Weise zu verdichten vermögen. Werden preiswerte ölgeschmierte Kompressoren 8 eingesetzt, so wird das Gas anschließend durch Ölabschneider 9 hindurch geleitet. Das hier abgeschiedene Öl kann zu den Kompressoren 8 zurück geleitet werden. Aus Redundanzgründen werden zwei Kompressoren vorgesehen, um bei Ausfall eines Kompressors dennoch weiter fahren zu können.Boil-off gas in the tanks is led out of the tanks via lines 2 during refueling. The outgoing gas is passed through a heat exchanger 7, in order to heat the gas when needed can. Subsequently, the gas is in two compressors 8 introduced, which are able to compress the gas in the desired manner. If inexpensive oil-lubricated compressors 8 are used, the gas is then passed through the oil separator 9. The oil separated here can be returned to the compressors 8. For redundancy reasons, two compressors are provided in order to be able to continue driving in the event of a compressor failure.

Anschließend wird das Gas durch einen Kühler 10 hindurch in ein Puffervolumen 11 eingeleitet. Der Kühler kühlt erforderlichenfalls das Gas auf eine Temperatur, die für den Verbraucher erforderlich ist. Das Puffervolumen 11 dient der Überbrückung, falls kurzfristig nicht hinreichend Brennstoff (Flüssiggas oder Boil-off Gas) den Tanks 1 entnommen werden kann.Subsequently, the gas is introduced through a cooler 10 into a buffer volume 11. The cooler, if necessary, cools the gas to a temperature that is required by the consumer. The buffer volume 11 serves to bridge, if in the short term not enough fuel (LPG or Boil-off Gas) can be removed from the tanks 1.

Von dem Puffervolumen 11 aus wird das Gas entweder über die Leitung 12 zu dem Verbraucher weitergeleitet oder aber über die Leitung 13 in den Mischer 6 hinein.From the buffer volume 11, the gas is either forwarded via the line 12 to the consumer or via the line 13 into the mixer 6 into it.

Die Leitung 13 kann durch einen Aktivkohlefilter 14 hindurch führen, um das in das zu erwärmende Flüssiggas einzuleitende Gas zuvor zu reinigen.The conduit 13 can pass through an activated charcoal filter 14 in order to purify the gas to be introduced into the liquefied gas to be heated beforehand.

Das System umfasst eine an die Leitungen 3 angeschlossene Pumpe 15, mit der im Notfall die Tanks 1 leer gepumpt werden können.The system includes a connected to the lines 3 pump 15, with the tanks 1 can be pumped empty in an emergency.

Über eine Leitung 16 kann im Notfall Gas aus dem System abgeführt werden.Via a line 16 can be removed from the system in an emergency gas.

Wird Flüssiggas aus den Tanks heraus gedrückt, so wird dieses zunächst in einen Verdampfer 17 hineingeleitet und hier verdampft. Von dem Verdampfer 17 aus wird das Gas zum Beispiel in den Wärmetauscher 7 eingeleitet, um das Gas dem Verbraucher zuführen zu können.If liquefied gas is pressed out of the tanks, it is first led into an evaporator 17 and vaporized here. From the evaporator 17, the gas is introduced, for example, in the heat exchanger 7 in order to be able to supply the gas to the consumer.

Die Leitungen sind mit einer Vielzahl von Ventilen 18 versehen, um den Durchfluss durch die Leitungen zu den einzelnen Einrichtungen in der beschriebenen Weise steuern zu können.The lines are provided with a plurality of valves 18 to control the flow through the lines to the individual devices in the manner described.

Das in Figur 1 gezeigte System ist mit einem Lastregelbypass 19 versehen, mit dem Gas hinter den Kompressoren 8 entnommen und in die Leitung zurück eingespeist werden kann, mit der Gas den Kompressoren zugeführt wird. Durch diesen Lastregelbypass können unerwünschte Druckschwankungen und schnelle Druckwechsel ausgeglichen werden.This in FIG. 1 The system shown is provided with a load control bypass 19, can be removed with the gas behind the compressors 8 and fed back into the line with which gas is supplied to the compressors. By this load control bypass unwanted pressure fluctuations and rapid pressure changes can be compensated.

Die in der Figur 1 gezeigten Einrichtungen des Systems befinden sich innerhalb eines Prozessraums 20, der nach unten hin mit einer aus Edelstahl bestehenden Auffangwanne versehen ist.The in the FIG. 1 shown facilities of the system are located within a process chamber 20, which is provided at the bottom with a stainless steel collecting tray.

Jede Leitung, die außerhalb des Tanks durch den Raum geführt wird, stellt ein Sicherheitsrisiko dar. Bei der in der Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform gibt es nur zwei Schweißverbindungen und nur zwei Leitungen, die von einem jeden Schiffstank 1 in den Prozessraum 20 hineinführen.Any line that passes through the room outside the tank poses a safety hazard FIG. 1 In the embodiment shown, there are only two welded connections and only two lines leading from each ship tank 1 into the process space 20.

Durch Mischen von Boil-off Gas mit verdampftem Gas kann das Brenngas in gewünschter Weise aufbereitet werden, um so beispielsweise eine gewünschte Klopffestigkeit zu erzielen.By mixing boil-off gas with vaporized gas, the fuel gas can be treated in the desired manner, so as to achieve, for example, a desired anti-knocking properties.

Das in Figur 1 gezeigte System kann ein oder mehrere Druckregler (PIC) und/oder Druckkontrollventile (PCV) umfassen, um den Druck im System geeignet regeln zu können. Mit Hilfe von Temperaturkontrollinstrumenten (TIC) können Temperaturen im System überwacht und/oder gesteuert werden. Eine Temperaturregelung erfolgt vor allem beim Beladen der Tanks.This in FIG. 1 The system shown may include one or more pressure regulators (PIC) and / or pressure control valves (PCV) to properly regulate the pressure in the system. With the help of temperature control instruments (TIC), temperatures in the system can be monitored and / or controlled. A temperature control takes place especially when loading the tanks.

Messleitungen, die in den Tank hineinführen, gelangen über vorhandene Leitungen in den Tank hinein und zwar insbesondere über die für die Entladung vorgesehene Leitung 3. Es wird so ein sehr hoher Sicherheitsstandard erzielt. Sicherheitsmaßnahmen können entsprechend eingespart werden.Test leads, which lead into the tank, enter via existing lines into the tank and in particular via the intended for the discharge line 3. It is thus achieved a very high safety standard. Security measures can be saved accordingly.

Auf Sprühleitungen um den Tank kühlen zu können, kann verzichtet werden. Einerseits sind die Tanks ohnehin bestimmungsgemäß ständig mit kryogenem Flüssiggas gefüllt, da andernfalls das Schiff wegen fehlendem Brennstoff nicht bewegt werden könnte. Außerdem wird relativ warmes Flüssiggas eingefüllt, was thermische Probleme reduziert. So wird LNG bei Temperaturen von ca. -140°C oder auch ca. -145°C oder -150°C in dem Schiffstank gelagert und nicht wie üblich bei Temperaturen unter -160°C.On spray lines to cool the tank can be dispensed with. On the one hand, the tanks are anyway permanently filled with cryogenic liquefied gas as otherwise the ship could not be moved due to a lack of fuel. In addition, relatively warm liquefied gas is introduced, which reduces thermal problems. Thus, LNG is stored at temperatures of about -140 ° C or about -145 ° C or -150 ° C in the vessel tank and not as usual at temperatures below -160 ° C.

In der Figur 2 wird eine andere Ausführungsform der Erfindung gezeigt. Im Unterschied zur Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 sind die fernbedienbaren Ventile, mit denen eine Entnahmeleitung eines Tanks verschlossen werden kann und die benachbart zum jeweiligen Tank angeordnet sind, von einem druckfesten Behälter 21 umschlossen. Tritt ein Leck bei diesen Ventilen aus, so gelangt Flüssiggas in den druckfesten Behälter hinein, so dass weiter gehende Beschädigungen vermieden werden. Über eine Leitung 22 kann Flüssiggas von einem druckfesten Behälter 21 in eine Leitung des Systems geeignet weitergeleitet werden. Daher ist die in Figur 2 gezeigte Ausführungsform besonders sicher.In the FIG. 2 another embodiment of the invention is shown. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 are the remote-controlled valves, with which a withdrawal line of a tank can be closed and which are arranged adjacent to the respective tank, enclosed by a pressure-resistant container 21. If a leak occurs in these valves, liquid gas enters the pressure-resistant container, so that further damage is avoided. Via a line 22, liquefied gas can be suitably forwarded by a pressure-resistant container 21 in a line of the system. Therefore, the in FIG. 2 embodiment shown particularly safe.

Die in Figur 2 gezeigte Ausführungsform umfasst außerdem noch Füllstandsmesser 23. Zwar gibt es dann eine dritter Verbindung, die in den Tank hineinführt. Da diese aber nicht darüber hinaus mit externen Leitungen verbunden ist, ist diese unproblematisch und behindert den Aufbau des Systems nicht weitergehend. Die Füllstandsanzeige des Füllstandsmessers befindet sich im Prozessraum. Diese kann aber auch in einem separaten Behälter untergebracht sein. Entsprechendes gilt für die weiteren Einrichtungen, die im Prozessraum 20 angeordnet sind.In the FIG. 2 In addition, there is still a level gauge 23. Although there is then a third connection, which leads into the tank. But since this is not connected to external lines, this is not a problem and does not hinder the construction of the system further. The level indicator of the level gauge is located in the process room. This can also be accommodated in a separate container. The same applies to the other devices which are arranged in the process space 20.

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung kann durch Reduzierung des Drucks in einem Schiffstank 1 sofort eine gewünschte Gasmenge bereitgestellt werden, da der im Tank herrschende Überdruck für die Verflüssigung des Gases benötigt wird.By the present invention can be provided by reducing the pressure in a ship's tank 1 immediately a desired amount of gas, since the pressure prevailing in the tank overpressure for the liquefaction of the gas is needed.

Liegt der Lagerdruck in dem Schiffstank oberhalb des Drucks, den der Verbraucher benötigt, so ist kein Verdichter erforderlich, um den für den Verbraucher benötigten Gasdruck bereitzustellen. Es genügt dann ein Reduzierventil, mit dem der Gasdruck erforderlichenfalls geeignet gesenkt werden kann. Beträgt beispielsweise der Lagerdruck im Tank 6 bar a und benötigt ein Verbraucher einen Gasdruck von 5 bar a, so steht eine genügend hohe Druckdifferenz zur Verfügung, um den Gasdruck im Tank absenken zu könne, um so schnell genügend Gas zur Verfügung zu haben. Auf der anderen Seite wird kein zusätzlicher Kompressor oder Verdichter benötigt, um das Gas auf den für den Verbraucher benötigten Druck verdichten zu müssen.If the bearing pressure in the vessel tank is above the pressure required by the consumer, no compressor is required to provide the gas pressure needed by the consumer. It then suffices a reducing valve, with which the gas pressure can be lowered if necessary suitably. If, for example, the storage pressure in the tank is 6 bar a and a consumer requires a gas pressure of 5 bar a, a sufficiently high pressure difference is available in order to be able to lower the gas pressure in the tank in order to have enough gas available so quickly. On the other hand, no additional compressor or compressor is needed to compress the gas to the pressure required by the consumer.

Die Schiffstanks 1 können mit Dämmstoff oder durch Vakuum isoliert sein. Im Tank befindliche Pumpen werden nicht eingesetzt, da diese nicht benötigt werden.The ship's tanks 1 can be insulated with insulating material or by vacuum. In-tank pumps are not used because they are not needed.

Das erfindungsgemäße System ist robust und wenig störanfällig. Verschleißteile liegen außerhalb des Tanks und sind daher gut zu erreichen, ohne den Tank begehen u müssen.The system according to the invention is robust and less susceptible to interference. Wear parts are outside the tank and are therefore easy to reach without having to commit the tank u.

Figur 3 zeigt ein Ablaufdiagramm mit einigen Schritten für eine Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Zunächst wird LNG einem an Land befindlichen stationären Lagertank entnommen 31. Nach der Entnahme und bevor Flüssiggas in den Tank eines Schiffes gepumpt wird, wird das Flüssiggas mit Hilfe eines Wärmetauschers erwärmt 32. Nach der Erwärmung wird das Flüssiggas in einen Tank des Schiffes gepumpt, um als Brennstoff für einen Antrieb zur Verfügung zu stehen 33. FIG. 3 shows a flowchart with some steps for an application of the method according to the invention. First, LNG is taken from a stationary storage tank located on land 31. After removal and before LPG is pumped into a ship's tank, LPG is heated by means of a heat exchanger 32. After heating, LPG is pumped into a tank of the ship be available as fuel for a drive 33.

Claims (12)

  1. A method for fueling a ship with cryogenic liquefied gas as fuel for the ship propulsion from a storage tank which contains the liquefied gas under normal pressure, in which method the liquefied gas pumped from the storage tank into a ship tank (1) via a feed line (3) is heated after withdrawal from the storage tank and before filling into the ship tank (1),
    characterized in
    that during fueling gas is discharged from the ship tank (1) and admixed to the liquefied gas in the feed line (3).
  2. The method according to claim 1,
    in which the liquefied gas is heated to a temperature which lies above the boiling temperature of the liquefied gas at normal pressure.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    in which in addition to heating by the admixed gas the liquefied gas at the same time is also heated with a heat exchanger (5).
  4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
    in which the storage pressure of the liquefied gas in the ship tank (1) is at least 3 bar absolute.
  5. The method according to claim 4,
    in which the admixed gas from the ship tank (1) is pressed into the liquefied gas with pressure.
  6. A system for fueling a ship with cryogenic liquefied gas as fuel for the ship propulsion from a storage tank which contains the liquefied gas under normal pressure, with a port (4) for introducing liquefied gas from the storage tank, with a feed line (3) for liquefied gas between the port (4) and a ship tank (1) which can be filled by pumping in liquefied gas via the feed line (3), wherein the liquefied gas passed through the feed line (3) is heated,
    characterized in
    that a mixer (6) is inserted into the feed line (3), which admixes gas to the liquefied gas passed through, which gas during fueling is passed out of the ship tank (1) to the mixer (6) via a gas line (2; 13).
  7. The system according to claim 6,
    in which a heat exchanger (5) is inserted into the feed line (3), which in addition to the admixed gas supplies heat to the liquefied gas passed through.
  8. The system according to claim 6 or 7,
    in which the ship tank (1) is designed for a pressure of at least 5 bar g.
  9. The system according to claim 6, 7 or 8,
    in which a compressor (8) is inserted into the gas line (2; 13).
  10. The system according to any of claims 6 to 9,
    in which a withdrawal line for the liquefied gas, which reaches down to the bottom of the ship tank (1), is arranged inside the feed line (3).
  11. The system according to any of claims 6 to 10,
    in which all means of the system are located inside a process space (20) which includes a tray for receiving exiting liquefied gas.
  12. A ship with a system according to any of claims 6 to 11.
EP10747577.4A 2009-07-30 2010-07-29 Combustion-gas system, in particular for cargo vessels Active EP2459922B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009028109A DE102009028109A1 (en) 2009-07-30 2009-07-30 Fuel gas system for merchant ships
PCT/EP2010/004652 WO2011012307A1 (en) 2009-07-30 2010-07-29 Combustion-gas system, in particular for cargo vessels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2459922A1 EP2459922A1 (en) 2012-06-06
EP2459922B1 true EP2459922B1 (en) 2013-12-11

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EP (1) EP2459922B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2013500192A (en)
KR (1) KR20120036334A (en)
CN (1) CN102472430A (en)
DE (1) DE102009028109A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011012307A1 (en)

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KR101239352B1 (en) 2010-02-24 2013-03-06 삼성중공업 주식회사 Floating liquefied natural gas charging station
KR101429550B1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2014-08-12 대우조선해양 주식회사 Lng bunkering system of lng fueled ship
US20140174105A1 (en) * 2012-12-24 2014-06-26 General Electric Campany Systems and methods for re-condensation of boil-off gas
BR112015015569A2 (en) 2012-12-28 2017-07-11 Gen Electric method for managing evaporation of a tank and gas evaporation management equipment set
JP2014162306A (en) * 2013-02-22 2014-09-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Natural gas fuel evaporator, natural gas fuel supplying device, and supplying method for natural gas fuel to ship or motor
FR3004514B1 (en) * 2013-04-11 2015-04-03 Gaztransp Et Technigaz IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING AND DELIVERING NATURAL GAS COMPRISING A CIRCUIT FOR HEATING THE TANK
WO2015128903A1 (en) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 日揮株式会社 Receiving equipment for liquefied natural gas
DE102016002316A1 (en) * 2016-02-29 2017-08-31 Tge Marine Gas Engineering Gmbh Method for operating a liquefied gas tank and liquid gas tank for receiving LNG and boil-off gas
JP5959778B2 (en) * 2016-03-01 2016-08-02 日揮株式会社 Facility for receiving liquefied natural gas
JP7220706B2 (en) 2017-09-01 2023-02-10 サムスン・ヘヴィー・インダストリーズ・カンパニー・リミテッド Apparatus and method for transferring pressurized liquid cargo
CN112638763B (en) * 2018-09-06 2023-08-22 川崎重工业株式会社 ship
CN115289394B (en) * 2018-11-01 2023-12-08 日挥环球株式会社 Floating body equipment
NO345279B1 (en) * 2019-05-09 2020-11-30 Ann Rigmor Nerheim LNG tank pressure control by heating during bunkering

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2459922A1 (en) 2012-06-06
JP2013500192A (en) 2013-01-07
CN102472430A (en) 2012-05-23
WO2011012307A1 (en) 2011-02-03
KR20120036334A (en) 2012-04-17
DE102009028109A1 (en) 2011-02-03

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