EP2458022B2 - Method of galvanising a steel strip in a continuous hot dip galvanising line - Google Patents

Method of galvanising a steel strip in a continuous hot dip galvanising line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2458022B2
EP2458022B2 EP10193219.2A EP10193219A EP2458022B2 EP 2458022 B2 EP2458022 B2 EP 2458022B2 EP 10193219 A EP10193219 A EP 10193219A EP 2458022 B2 EP2458022 B2 EP 2458022B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel strip
gas mixture
oxidation
hot dip
section
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10193219.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2458022B1 (en
EP2458022A1 (en
Inventor
Iwan Oswyn Davies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tata Steel UK Ltd
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Tata Steel UK Ltd
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Application filed by Tata Steel UK Ltd filed Critical Tata Steel UK Ltd
Priority to ES10193219T priority Critical patent/ES2425916T3/en
Priority to EP10193219.2A priority patent/EP2458022B2/en
Publication of EP2458022A1 publication Critical patent/EP2458022A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C23C2/0222—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating in a reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/52—Methods of heating with flames
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/58—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with heating by baths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the continuous galvanizing of steel strips especially high strength steels with high content of elements like silicon, manganese, aluminium and chromium and, in particular, to the facilities comprising a direct fire or non oxidising furnace and radiant tubes furnace.
  • AHSS Advanced High Strength Steels
  • DP Dual Phase steels
  • TRIP TRansformation Induced Plasticity steels
  • a solution which has been proposed is to subject the strips surface to temperatures and atmosphere conditions fit for quickly and deeply oxidizing the alloy components in the direct fired (DFF) part of the annealing furnace, thereby avoiding later migration of the oxidisable elements towards the surface followed by reducing the iron oxide back to iron in the radiant tube section (RTF). For this oxidation to take place it is necessary that direct fired furnace zones are used.
  • DFF direct fired
  • Patent WO 2005/017214 recommends two possibilities to solve the problem.
  • the first one consists in using a direct flame combustion chamber separated from the RTF annealing furnace and from which the burnt gasses are collected in order to inject them in the furnace. This method requires adjusting the air to combustible gas ratio to provide excess oxygen after combustion which is then subsequently used for oxidation of the steel strip surface.
  • the second one consists in setting up a direct flame burner in a section of the furnace enclosure. In both cases, the burnt gasses supply the necessary oxidizing atmosphere. The subsequent reduction of the oxides is then commonly obtained by going passing the strip through a nitrogen and hydrogen mixture. These two possibilities require a modification of the existing facilities.
  • FR-A1-2920438 or US-B-3936543 disclose the control of air or of oxygen to fuel in DFF in galvanizing lines.
  • a radiant tube furnace after DFF is also foreseen.
  • the object of this invention is to provide an improved method of avoiding selective oxidation of alloying elements in AHSS in a direct fire or non oxidising furnace and radiant tube fired continuous hot dip galvanising line.
  • the invention consists in projecting an oxidizing medium consisting of a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen or a gas mixture of nitrogen and air onto one or both of the surfaces of the uncoated strip exiting the non-oxidising or direct fired furnace section.
  • an oxidizing medium consisting of a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen or a gas mixture of nitrogen and air onto one or both of the surfaces of the uncoated strip exiting the non-oxidising or direct fired furnace section.
  • the air to combustible gas ratio had to be adjusted in the DFF-section which leads to a compromise between the conditions in the DFF section and the subsequent oxidation of the strip. This leads to control problems and stability problems, leading in turn to bad oxide homogeneity across the strip width caused by the burner pattern.
  • the nozzles are designed such as to distribute the gas mixture evenly thereby causing the hot steel strip surface to oxidise evenly and reproducibly.
  • the gas mixture must have a oxygen content such that the steel surface can be oxidised in a controlled way and a controlled oxide thickness. This allows alloy components like silicon, manganese, aluminium and chromium to be oxidized and to not have the possibility to migrate towards the surface anymore during further annealing.
  • the mixture had to be 1). a mixture of nitrogen and air or 2). a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.
  • residual amounts of other gases may be present as a result of their presence in the oxygen and nitrogen to be mixed. These residual amounts also do not affect the oxidation process. It was found that the gas mixture resulting from the combustion of an overstoichiometric air or of an oxygen enriched air or of an oxygen/fuel in a burner like those proposed in the prior art was inadequate to provide a controlled oxidation.
  • a spray bar with specifically designed nozzle is mounted in the connection chamber between the DFF and PTF, on one or on both sides of the strip which sprays a jet of oxidising medium onto the strip surface so that the strip surface is evenly oxidised.
  • An illustration of the system is provided in a schematic drawing in figure 1 .
  • the maximum oxygen content is 4.5%. This results in an oxide layer of consistent composition, thickness and homogeneity to provide a good quality galvanised coating.
  • the gas mixture comprises an oxygen content of between 2 to 4.5%.
  • a method wherein the control of the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces is based on the measurement of the oxygen content in the mixture.
  • This measurement can be performed by oxygen transducers set up a fixed way and running in closed loop with the flow control valves regulating the flow rate of the mixture injected by the nozzles. This results in an oxide layer of consistent composition, thickness and homogeneity to provide a good quality galvanised coating.
  • the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces takes place between 650°C and 900°C. In a preferred embodiment the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces takes place at a temperature of at most 800°C and more preferably of at most 750°C.
  • FIG 2 a schematic indication is given where the oxidation of the steel substrate, for instance using the system in figure 1 , is performed in a furnace comprising a direct fired furnace and a radiant tube furnace.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Description

  • The invention relates to the continuous galvanizing of steel strips especially high strength steels with high content of elements like silicon, manganese, aluminium and chromium and, in particular, to the facilities comprising a direct fire or non oxidising furnace and radiant tubes furnace.
  • New steel grades with a very high yield point having a high elongation capacity have been developed over the years to meet the demands of higher safety and lower weight in the car industry. Such steels, sometimes referred to as Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) comprise families of steel such as "DP" or Dual Phase steels (DP) and or TRansformation Induced Plasticity steels (TRIP). Unfortunately these steels raise some problems for steel manufacturers because some of their alloying elements such as manganese, silicon, aluminium, chromium may result in a thin layer of oxides on the steel surface during the annealing operation preceding the dipping in the galvanizing bath. This (selective) oxidation harms the zinc "wettability" and thus the quality of the coating. These phenomena are due to diffusion processes of the highly oxidisable alloy components towards the strip surface where they can oxidize even in the furnaces radiant tubes zones wherein the atmosphere is yet reducing for the iron oxides.
  • A solution which has been proposed is to subject the strips surface to temperatures and atmosphere conditions fit for quickly and deeply oxidizing the alloy components in the direct fired (DFF) part of the annealing furnace, thereby avoiding later migration of the oxidisable elements towards the surface followed by reducing the iron oxide back to iron in the radiant tube section (RTF). For this oxidation to take place it is necessary that direct fired furnace zones are used.
  • However, the galvanizing furnaces do not comprise all the required DFF zones to easily perform the oxidizing and many are only using radiant tubes. Now these furnaces, despite their controlled atmosphere, do not prevent the selective oxidizing of the alloy components. Patent WO 2005/017214 recommends two possibilities to solve the problem. The first one consists in using a direct flame combustion chamber separated from the RTF annealing furnace and from which the burnt gasses are collected in order to inject them in the furnace. This method requires adjusting the air to combustible gas ratio to provide excess oxygen after combustion which is then subsequently used for oxidation of the steel strip surface. The second one consists in setting up a direct flame burner in a section of the furnace enclosure. In both cases, the burnt gasses supply the necessary oxidizing atmosphere. The subsequent reduction of the oxides is then commonly obtained by going passing the strip through a nitrogen and hydrogen mixture. These two possibilities require a modification of the existing facilities.
  • FR-A1-2920438 or US-B-3936543 disclose the control of air or of oxygen to fuel in DFF in galvanizing lines. A radiant tube furnace after DFF is also foreseen.
  • The object of this invention is to provide an improved method of avoiding selective oxidation of alloying elements in AHSS in a direct fire or non oxidising furnace and radiant tube fired continuous hot dip galvanising line.
  • One or more of these objects are reached by a method according to claim 1.
  • The invention consists in projecting an oxidizing medium consisting of a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen or a gas mixture of nitrogen and air onto one or both of the surfaces of the uncoated strip exiting the non-oxidising or direct fired furnace section. In the prior art the air to combustible gas ratio had to be adjusted in the DFF-section which leads to a compromise between the conditions in the DFF section and the subsequent oxidation of the strip. This leads to control problems and stability problems, leading in turn to bad oxide homogeneity across the strip width caused by the burner pattern. By using a separate nozzle system dedicated to injecting either 1). a gas mixture of nitrogen and air or 2). a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen so that a controlled oxygen content is injected into the furnace to cause the oxidation of the hot steel strip to take place in a controlled manner and to prevent selective oxidizing of the steel alloy components. To that end the nozzles are designed such as to distribute the gas mixture evenly thereby causing the hot steel strip surface to oxidise evenly and reproducibly.
  • The gas mixture must have a oxygen content such that the steel surface can be oxidised in a controlled way and a controlled oxide thickness. This allows alloy components like silicon, manganese, aluminium and chromium to be oxidized and to not have the possibility to migrate towards the surface anymore during further annealing. To reach this goal, the inventors found that the mixture had to be 1). a mixture of nitrogen and air or 2). a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. In the first case there is additional nitrogen from the air as well as smaller amounts of other gases present in air. These smaller amounts do not affect the oxidation process. In the second case residual amounts of other gases may be present as a result of their presence in the oxygen and nitrogen to be mixed. These residual amounts also do not affect the oxidation process. It was found that the gas mixture resulting from the combustion of an overstoichiometric air or of an oxygen enriched air or of an oxygen/fuel in a burner like those proposed in the prior art was inadequate to provide a controlled oxidation.
  • The inventors found that the oxygen content of the gas mixture needed to be between 2 and 4.5% in volume. At oxygen values above 10% the oxide layer did not have the desired composition and the growth rate of the oxide layer is too high, resulting in thick oxide layers. At oxygen values below 0.5% the oxidation process was too slow and the oxide layer remained too thin.
  • In an embodiment a spray bar with specifically designed nozzle is mounted in the connection chamber between the DFF and PTF, on one or on both sides of the strip which sprays a jet of oxidising medium onto the strip surface so that the strip surface is evenly oxidised. An illustration of the system is provided in a schematic drawing in figure 1.
  • According to the invention the maximum oxygen content is 4.5%. This results in an oxide layer of consistent composition, thickness and homogeneity to provide a good quality galvanised coating. In the present invention the gas mixture comprises an oxygen content of between 2 to 4.5%.
  • In an embodiment a method is provided wherein the control of the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces is based on the measurement of the oxygen content in the mixture. This measurement can be performed by oxygen transducers set up a fixed way and running in closed loop with the flow control valves regulating the flow rate of the mixture injected by the nozzles. This results in an oxide layer of consistent composition, thickness and homogeneity to provide a good quality galvanised coating.
  • According to the invention the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces takes place between 650°C and 900°C. In a preferred embodiment the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces takes place at a temperature of at most 800°C and more preferably of at most 750°C.
  • By means of non-limiting examples commercial trials were performed on 1 and 1.5 mm thick and 1200 mm wide coiled strip material of the DP600 and DP800 type. The dew point during the trials was between -30 and -24°C. The oxygen content of the gas mixture was varied between 2.26 to 3.61%. The results in terms of strip wettability and coating adhesion after the annealing and coating were excellent.
  • In figure 2 a schematic indication is given where the oxidation of the steel substrate, for instance using the system in figure 1, is performed in a furnace comprising a direct fired furnace and a radiant tube furnace.

Claims (3)

  1. Method of galvanizing a steel strip in a continuous hot dip galvanizing line comprising a direct fired furnace section or non oxidising furnace and a subsequent radiant tube furnace section, the method comprising injecting an oxidizing medium consisting of a gas mixture of nitrogen and air or a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen into the galvanizing furnace by projecting the oxidizing medium onto one or both of the surfaces of the uncoated strip exiting the nonoxidizing or direct fired furnace section by a nozzle system to cause one or both of the steel strip surfaces to oxidise in a controlled manner in the connection chamber between the direct fired furnace section or non-oxidising section and the radiant tube section, wherein the nozzles are designed such as to distribute the gas mixture evenly, the method further comprising at least partly reducing the oxide back to iron in the radiant tube furnace section and the method further comprising hot dip galvanizing the steel strip in the hot dip galvanizing line, wherein the gas mixture comprises an oxygen content of 2 to 4.5% in volume, wherein the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces takes place between 650°C and 900°C.
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces takes place at a temperature of at most 750°C.
  3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the control of the oxidation of the steel strip surface or surfaces is based on the measurement of the oxygen content of the gas mixture.
EP10193219.2A 2010-11-30 2010-11-30 Method of galvanising a steel strip in a continuous hot dip galvanising line Active EP2458022B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES10193219T ES2425916T3 (en) 2010-11-30 2010-11-30 Method for galvanizing a steel strip in a hot-dip galvanizing line for continuous tempering
EP10193219.2A EP2458022B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2010-11-30 Method of galvanising a steel strip in a continuous hot dip galvanising line

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10193219.2A EP2458022B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2010-11-30 Method of galvanising a steel strip in a continuous hot dip galvanising line

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2458022A1 EP2458022A1 (en) 2012-05-30
EP2458022B1 EP2458022B1 (en) 2013-07-24
EP2458022B2 true EP2458022B2 (en) 2024-01-17

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3173495A1 (en) * 2015-11-25 2017-05-31 Cockerill Maintenance & Ingenierie S.A. Method and device for reaction control
CN107532227B (en) * 2015-05-07 2020-01-10 考克利尔维修工程 Method and apparatus for reaction control
AT520134B1 (en) * 2017-07-13 2020-03-15 Andritz Tech & Asset Man Gmbh METHOD FOR REDUCING NITROGEN OXIDES IN TAPE TREATMENT OVENS
DE102018107435A1 (en) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-23 Sms Group Gmbh Process for the pre-oxidation of strip steel in a reaction chamber arranged in a furnace chamber
US20220033930A1 (en) 2018-10-30 2022-02-03 Tata Steel Ijmuiden B.V. Annealing line for a steel strip
BE1026986B1 (en) 2019-01-23 2020-08-25 Drever Int S A Method and furnace for the heat treatment of a strip of high strength steel comprising a temperature homogenization chamber
IT202000013879A1 (en) * 2020-06-10 2021-12-10 Tenova Spa FREE FLAME BURNER GROUP FOR FURNACES FOR THE THERMO-CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF STEEL STRIPES IN CONTINUOUS HOT GALVANIZING PLANTS.
CN115612974A (en) * 2022-09-01 2023-01-17 中冶南方（武汉）热工有限公司 Device and method for pre-oxidizing strip steel for cold-rolling galvanizing

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US3936543A (en) * 1974-08-22 1976-02-03 Armco Steel Corporation Method of coating carbon steel
JPS61157641A (en) * 1984-12-28 1986-07-17 Chugai Ro Kogyo Kaisha Ltd Continuous annealing furnace for metallic strip
FR2828888B1 (en) * 2001-08-21 2003-12-12 Stein Heurtey METHOD FOR HOT GALVANIZATION OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL METAL STRIPS
JP4192051B2 (en) 2003-08-19 2008-12-03 新日本製鐵株式会社 Manufacturing method and equipment for high-strength galvannealed steel sheet
FR2920438B1 (en) * 2007-08-31 2010-11-05 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Sas METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING A LINE OF CONTINUOUS DINING OR GALVANIZATION OF A METAL STRIP
FR2920439B1 (en) * 2007-09-03 2009-11-13 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Sas METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTROLLED OXIDATION / REDUCTION OF THE SURFACE OF A CONTINUOUSLY STRAY STEEL BAND IN A RADIANT TUBE OVEN FOR ITS GALVANIZATION

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Publication number Publication date
EP2458022B1 (en) 2013-07-24
EP2458022A1 (en) 2012-05-30
ES2425916T3 (en) 2013-10-18

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