EP2457014B1 - Method for charging evaporators with cryogenically liquified gases, and a device for carrying out said method - Google Patents
Method for charging evaporators with cryogenically liquified gases, and a device for carrying out said method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2457014B1 EP2457014B1 EP10740121.8A EP10740121A EP2457014B1 EP 2457014 B1 EP2457014 B1 EP 2457014B1 EP 10740121 A EP10740121 A EP 10740121A EP 2457014 B1 EP2457014 B1 EP 2457014B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- liquid dispenser
- valve
- liquefied gas
- dosing container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/03—Orientation
- F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0121—Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0311—Air heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/039—Localisation of heat exchange separate on the pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for loading evaporators with cryogenic liquefied gases and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
- Such a method is the GB 847 508 A refer to.
- the evaporator is preceded by a tank, a thermally insulated, acted upon by a gas pressure Dosier Grande and a liquid distributor, the connecting lines are shut off by a respective valve.
- Refrigerated liquefied gases are usually evaporated before use.
- evaporators are used, wherein the evaporation takes place using different heat transfer medium.
- the evaporation starts spontaneously and uncontrollably.
- the introduction of liquid into an evaporator via the pressure difference between the evaporator and a pressure booster system, which is usually designed as a pump.
- the liquid is thus pressed with the pump energy into the evaporator and separated by closing the exhaust valve from the evaporator.
- the transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase or into the supercritical state occurs as a function of the heat supplied.
- the pump must apply appropriate pressure to produce the appropriate pressure difference, which allows a flow of liquid into the evaporator first. For such a pump therefore energy is usually required, which is usually provided in the form of electrical energy.
- the invention aims to load an evaporator with cryogenic liquefied gases without the need for a separate pump would be required.
- the method for loading evaporators with cryogenic liquefied gases is carried out such that the evaporator, a tank, a thermally insulated, acted upon with a gas pressure dosing memory and a thermally insulated liquid distributor upstream, the connecting lines are shut off by a respective valve, wherein the cryogenic liquefied gas is metered from the tank into the dosing, where after opening the valve in the connecting line the cryogenic liquefied gas is spent by Dosier Boulevard in the liquid distributor, whereupon after filling the cryogenic liquefied gas is introduced into the liquid distributor and then closing the valve in the connecting line of the transport of the cryogenic liquefied gas in a tubular evaporator under the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid from the liquid distributor, for which a valve between the liquid distributor and the evaporator is opened.
- this can be filled in a simple manner by the hydrostatic pressure of the cryogenic liquefied gas. Because the liquid distributor itself is thermally insulated, no evaporation occurs in it. When the valve between the liquid distributor and the evaporator is subsequently opened, the cryogenic liquefied gas enters a non-thermally insulated container and evaporates there, at the same time increasing the pressure.
- the method is carried out in such a way that the pressure exceeding the pressure in the metering reservoir is used in the evaporator to pressurize the metering reservoir.
- the pressure for squeezing out of the dosing storage is not applied by pumping, but it can be used directly, the pressure that arises during evaporation.
- the dispenser can be pressed out in this case in another container whose pressure is lower than the pressure in the evaporator. In a return of gas into the tank, this can be done via a throttle, so that both liquid phase and gas phase enters the tank.
- the tank, the dispenser and the liquid distributor or the liquid distributor is vacuum-insulated, whereby the heat input is reduced.
- These containers can also be cooled to ensure that the cryogenic liquefied gas does not evaporate before the evaporator and thus increases the pressure of the system in an undesirable manner.
- the procedure is such that when using liquefied gas different from the cryogenic liquid coolant, the coolant is so dimensioned that the coolant's own heat capacity precludes reaching the solidification point of the cryogenic liquefied gas. This prevents that the cryogenic liquefied gas solidifies and the line system is clogged by the lumps formed.
- the apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention comprising an insulated tank for cryogenic liquefied gas, at least one connected via a line with an intermediate valve isolated metered storage and at least one evaporator is designed such that between the evaporator and tank an insulated liquid distributor is provided, which at his the head end has an overflow line and at the opposite end a valve having a branch line, both of which open into the evaporator.
- an isolated liquid distributor this can be filled without the cryogenic liquefied gas evaporates and, accordingly, without pressure increase. If the liquid distributor is filled to the head end, the cryogenic liquefied gas flows through the overflow line into the evaporator and the pressure rises abruptly.
- the valve between the metering reservoir and the liquid distributor is closed and the valve in the branch line is opened, so that the cryogenic liquefied gas enters the evaporator and evaporates there.
- the liquid distributor thus has the function to bring a predetermined amount of cryogenic liquefied gas to the evaporator. Without an intermediate liquid distributor, the cryogenic liquefied gas would evaporate immediately upon entry into the evaporator and produce an increase in pressure so that no further cryogenic liquefied gas could be brought into the evaporator.
- the device is developed such that the evaporator and the liquid distributor are tubular.
- the tubular design ensures that the insulation, in particular vacuum insulation, of the liquid distributor is inexpensive; on the other hand, the high pressures that occur during evaporation can be better absorbed.
- the device according to the invention is preferably further developed in such a way that the liquid distributor has, on the top side, a branch line connected to a valve, which again flows into the metering reservoir or via a throttle into the tank.
- the increased pressure in the evaporator can be used to squeeze the Dosier Items and it can be dispensed with a pump.
- the device according to the invention is preferably further developed in such a way that a plurality of evaporators is connected downstream of the metering reservoir, with each evaporator being preceded by a liquid distributor.
- a higher pressure in one of the evaporators can be used to squeeze the metering reservoir into a liquid distributor located at a lower pressure.
- Such a device can therefore load continuously and pumpless evaporator.
- the device is therefore preferably developed in such a way that the evaporator is provided with a nano-coating in order to prevent sticking of ice crystals.
- FIG. 1 a first education
- Fig. 2 a second embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 is denoted by 1 a Dosier strictly speaking by 1 a Dosier strictly speaking by 1 a Dosier strictly speaking by 1 a Dosier strictly speaking by 1 a Dosier strictly speaking by 1 a Dosier strictly speaking by 1 a Dosier strictly speaking by the hydrostatic pressure. Subsequently, the cryogenic liquefied gas is spent via an insulated line 6 and the open valve 7 in the liquid distributor 8, which is also surrounded by an insulating layer 2. If the liquid distributor 8 is arranged below the metering container 1, metering into the liquid distributor 8 can take place without pressure. The liquid distributor 8 has at its head end to an overflow line 9, which breaks through the insulating layer 2 and is no longer isolated in a row. The overflow line 9 opens into an evaporator 10.
- pressure sensors 11 are arranged at the outlet of the overflow line 9 from the insulating layer 2 at the outlet of the overflow line 9 from the insulating layer 2 pressure sensors 11 are arranged.
- liquid sensors 12 may also be arranged on the head-side outlet of the overflow line 9 from the liquid distributor 8.
- the valve 7 is closed and an amount defined by the volume of the liquid gas in the liquid distributor is available for evaporation.
- the Valve 13 is opened at the lower end of the liquid distributor 8, which a line 14, which also opens into the evaporator 10, switches.
- the cryogenic liquefied gas can run into the evaporator or in this evaporation.
- a further embodiment is shown in which at the head end of the liquid distributor 8 at the same height of the overflow line 9, a further line 17 exits from the liquid distributor 8, which can be connected via a further valve 16. This further line leads back into the dispenser 1.
- the increased pressure by the evaporation can now be used to press the contents of the dispenser 1 in the liquid distributor 8. All in all, this system does not require any maintenance-intensive pumps.
- at least two evaporators 10 each having an upstream liquid distributor 8 are provided, which alternately pressurize the metering reservoir 1 and press the metering reservoir 1 into the respective other liquid distributor 8.
- Another way to load the evaporator with liquid is to fill the liquid distributor, bypassing or omitting the Dosier Itemss directly from the tank.
- the liquid distributor is not only separated at the bottom with a valve from the evaporator, but in the same way head-side. If the liquid distributor is filled with liquid after the pressure equalization with the tank by the hydrostatic pressure, both valves are opened, with the now applied hydrostatic pressure of the liquid distributor, the evaporator is filled. After evaporation, the liquid distributor is separated from the evaporator by closing the valves. The valve lying between the head end of the liquid distributor and the gas space of the tank is now opened and the pending gas pressure is released via a throttle in the gas space. It will produce gas phase and liquid phase. It adjusts pressure equalization, so that a new filling of the liquid distributor is possible.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beladen von Verdampfern mit tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for loading evaporators with cryogenic liquefied gases and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
Ein derartiges Verfahren ist der
Tiefkalt verflüssigte Gase werden in aller Regel vor ihrem Einsatz verdampft. Zu diesem Zwecke werden Verdampfer eingesetzt, wobei das Verdampfen unter Einsatz verschiedener Wärmeträger erfolgt. In der Regel setzt die Verdampfung spontan und unkontrolliert ein. Das Einbringen von Flüssigkeit in einen Verdampfer erfolgt über den Druckunterschied zwischen dem Verdampfer und einer Druckerhöhungeanlage, welche üblicherweise als Pumpe ausgebildet ist. Die Flüssigkeit wird somit mit der Pumpenergie in den Verdampfer gedrückt und durch Schließen des Auslassventils vom Verdampfer getrennt. Im Verdampfer erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von der zugeführten Wärme der Übergang von der Flüssigphase in die Gasphase bzw. in den überkritischen Zustand. Die Pumpe muss entsprechenden Druck aufbringen, um die entsprechende Druckdifferenz zu erzeugen, die ein Einströmen der Flüssigkeit in den Verdampfer erst ermöglicht. Für eine derartige Pumpe ist daher in aller Regel Energie erforderlich, die zumeist in Form von elektrischer Energie bereitgestellt wird. Die Erfindung zielt darauf ab, einen Verdampfer mit tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen zu beladen, ohne dass dafür eine gesonderte Pumpe erforderlich wäre.Refrigerated liquefied gases are usually evaporated before use. For this purpose, evaporators are used, wherein the evaporation takes place using different heat transfer medium. As a rule, the evaporation starts spontaneously and uncontrollably. The introduction of liquid into an evaporator via the pressure difference between the evaporator and a pressure booster system, which is usually designed as a pump. The liquid is thus pressed with the pump energy into the evaporator and separated by closing the exhaust valve from the evaporator. In the evaporator, the transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase or into the supercritical state occurs as a function of the heat supplied. The pump must apply appropriate pressure to produce the appropriate pressure difference, which allows a flow of liquid into the evaporator first. For such a pump therefore energy is usually required, which is usually provided in the form of electrical energy. The invention aims to load an evaporator with cryogenic liquefied gases without the need for a separate pump would be required.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird das Verfahren zum Beladen von Verdampfern mit tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen erfindungsgemäß derart durchgeführt, dass dem Verdampfer ein Tank, ein thermisch isolierter, mit einem Gasdruck beaufschlagbarer Dosierspeicher und ein thermisch isolierter Flüssigkeitsverteiler vorgeschaltet werden, deren Verbindungsleitungen durch jeweils ein Ventil absperrbar sind, wobei das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas aus dem Tank in den Dosierspeicher dosiert wird, worauf nach Öffnen des Ventils in der Verbindungsleitung das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas vom Dosierspeicher in den Flüssigkeitsverteiler verbracht wird, worauf nach Einfüllen des tiefkalt verflüssigten Gases in den Flüssigkeitsverteiler und anschließendem Schließen des Ventils in der Verbindungsleitung der Transport des tiefkalt verflüssigten Gases in einen rohrförmigen Verdampfer unter dem hydrostatischen Druck der Flüssigkeit aus dem Flüssigkeitsverteiler vorgenommen wird, wofür ein Ventil zwischen dem Flüssigkeitsverteiler und dem Verdampfer geöffnet wird. Bei einem ersten Befüllen des Flüssigkeitsverteilers kann dieser in einfacher Weise durch den hydrostatischen Druck des tiefkalt verflüssigten Gases befüllt werden. Dadurch, dass der Flüssigkeitsverteiler selbst thermisch isoliert ist, tritt in diesem keine Verdampfung ein. Wird im Anschluss das Ventil zwischen Flüssigkeitsverteiler und Verdampfer geöffnet, tritt das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas in einen nicht thermisch isolierten Behälter und verdampft dort unter gleichzeitiger Erhöhung des Druckes.To achieve this object, the method for loading evaporators with cryogenic liquefied gases according to the invention is carried out such that the evaporator, a tank, a thermally insulated, acted upon with a gas pressure dosing memory and a thermally insulated liquid distributor upstream, the connecting lines are shut off by a respective valve, wherein the cryogenic liquefied gas is metered from the tank into the dosing, where after opening the valve in the connecting line the cryogenic liquefied gas is spent by Dosierspeicher in the liquid distributor, whereupon after filling the cryogenic liquefied gas is introduced into the liquid distributor and then closing the valve in the connecting line of the transport of the cryogenic liquefied gas in a tubular evaporator under the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid from the liquid distributor, for which a valve between the liquid distributor and the evaporator is opened. In a first filling of the liquid distributor, this can be filled in a simple manner by the hydrostatic pressure of the cryogenic liquefied gas. Because the liquid distributor itself is thermally insulated, no evaporation occurs in it. When the valve between the liquid distributor and the evaporator is subsequently opened, the cryogenic liquefied gas enters a non-thermally insulated container and evaporates there, at the same time increasing the pressure.
In bevorzugter Weise wird das Verfahren derart durchgeführt, dass der den Druck im Dosierspeicher übersteigende Druck im Verdampfer zum Beaufschlagen des Dosierspeichers eingesetzt wird. Dadurch wird der Druck zum Auspressen des Dosierspeichers nicht durch Pumpen aufgebracht, sondern es kann der Druck, welcher beim Verdampfen entsteht, direkt verwendet werden. Der Dosierspeicher kann hierbei in einen weiteren Behälter ausgepresst werden, dessen Druck niedriger ist als der Druck im Verdampfer. Bei einer Rückführung von Gas in den Tank kann dies über eine Drossel erfolgen, so dass sowohl flüssige Phase als auch Gasphase in den Tank gelangt.In a preferred manner, the method is carried out in such a way that the pressure exceeding the pressure in the metering reservoir is used in the evaporator to pressurize the metering reservoir. As a result, the pressure for squeezing out of the dosing storage is not applied by pumping, but it can be used directly, the pressure that arises during evaporation. The dispenser can be pressed out in this case in another container whose pressure is lower than the pressure in the evaporator. In a return of gas into the tank, this can be done via a throttle, so that both liquid phase and gas phase enters the tank.
In einfacher Weise ist der Tank, der Dosierspeicher und der bzw. die Flüssigkeitsverteiler vakuumisoliert, wodurch der Wärmeeintrag reduziert wird. Diese Behälter können aber auch gekühlt sein, um sicherzustellen, dass das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas nicht schon vor dem Verdampfer verdampft und damit den Druck des Systems in unerwünschter Weise erhöht. In bevorzugter Weise wird hierbei so vorgegangen, dass bei Verwendung von vom tiefkalt verflüssigten Gas verschiedenen flüssigen Kühlmitteln das Kühlmittel so bemessen ist, dass die dem Kühlmittel eigene Wärmekapazität ein Erreichen des Erstarrungspunktes des tiefkalt verflüssigten Gases ausschließt. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas erstarrt und das Leitungssystem durch die gebildeten Klumpen verstopft wird.In a simple manner, the tank, the dispenser and the liquid distributor or the liquid distributor is vacuum-insulated, whereby the heat input is reduced. These containers can also be cooled to ensure that the cryogenic liquefied gas does not evaporate before the evaporator and thus increases the pressure of the system in an undesirable manner. In a preferred manner, in this case the procedure is such that when using liquefied gas different from the cryogenic liquid coolant, the coolant is so dimensioned that the coolant's own heat capacity precludes reaching the solidification point of the cryogenic liquefied gas. This prevents that the cryogenic liquefied gas solidifies and the line system is clogged by the lumps formed.
Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfassend einen isolierten Tank für tiefkalt verflüssigtes Gas, wenigstens einen über eine Leitung mit einem zwischengeschalteten Ventil verbundenen isolierten Dosierspeicher und wenigstens einen Verdampfer ist derartig ausgebildet, dass zwischen Verdampfer und Tank ein isolierter Flüssigkeitsverteiler vorgesehen ist, der an seinem kopfseitigen Ende eine Überlaufleitung und an dem gegenüberliegenden Ende eine ein Ventil aufweisende Zweigleitung aufweist, welche beide in den Verdampfer münden. Durch die Zwischenschaltung eines isolierten Flüssigkeitsverteilers kann dieser befüllt werden, ohne dass das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas verdampft und dementsprechend ohne Druckerhöhung. Ist der Flüssigkeitsverteiler bis zum kopfseitigen Ende gefüllt, läuft das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas über die Überlaufleitung in den Verdampfer und der Druck steigt schlagartig an. Wenn der Druckanstieg detektiert wird, wird das Ventil zwischen Dosierspeicher und Flüssigkeitsverteiler geschlossen und das Ventil in der Zweigleitung geöffnet, sodass das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas in den Verdampfer eintritt und dort verdampft. Der Flüssigkeitsverteiler hat also die Funktion ein vorbestimmtes Maß an tiefkalt verflüssigtem Gas zum Verdampfer zu bringen. Ohne zwischengeschalteten Flüssigkeitsverteiler würde das tiefkalt verflüssigte Gas bei einem Eintritt in den Verdampfer sofort verdampfen und einen Druckanstieg produzieren, sodass kein weiteres tiefkalt verflüssigtes Gas in den Verdampfer verbracht werden könnte.The apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention comprising an insulated tank for cryogenic liquefied gas, at least one connected via a line with an intermediate valve isolated metered storage and at least one evaporator is designed such that between the evaporator and tank an insulated liquid distributor is provided, which at his the head end has an overflow line and at the opposite end a valve having a branch line, both of which open into the evaporator. By the interposition of an isolated liquid distributor this can be filled without the cryogenic liquefied gas evaporates and, accordingly, without pressure increase. If the liquid distributor is filled to the head end, the cryogenic liquefied gas flows through the overflow line into the evaporator and the pressure rises abruptly. When the pressure rise is detected, the valve between the metering reservoir and the liquid distributor is closed and the valve in the branch line is opened, so that the cryogenic liquefied gas enters the evaporator and evaporates there. The liquid distributor thus has the function to bring a predetermined amount of cryogenic liquefied gas to the evaporator. Without an intermediate liquid distributor, the cryogenic liquefied gas would evaporate immediately upon entry into the evaporator and produce an increase in pressure so that no further cryogenic liquefied gas could be brought into the evaporator.
In bevorzugter Weise ist die Vorrichtung derart weitergebildet, dass der Verdampfer und der Flüssigkeitsverteiler rohrförmig sind. Durch die rohrförmige Ausbildung ist einerseits gewährleistet, dass die Isolierung, insbesondere Vakuumisolierung, des Flüssigkeitsverteilers kostengünstig ist, andererseits können die hohen Drücke, die bei der Verdampfung entstehen, besser aufgenommen werden.Preferably, the device is developed such that the evaporator and the liquid distributor are tubular. On the one hand, the tubular design ensures that the insulation, in particular vacuum insulation, of the liquid distributor is inexpensive; on the other hand, the high pressures that occur during evaporation can be better absorbed.
Für einen pumpenlosen Betrieb ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bevorzugt derart weitergebildet, dass der Flüssigkeitsverteiler kopfseitig eine mit einem Ventil geschaltete Zweigleitung aufweist, welche wieder in den Dosierspeicher bzw. über eine Drossel in den Tank mündet. Durch diese Ausbildung kann der erhöhte Druck im Verdampfer dazu verwendet werden den Dosierspeicher auszupressen und es kann auf eine Pumpe verzichtet werden.For a pump-less operation, the device according to the invention is preferably further developed in such a way that the liquid distributor has, on the top side, a branch line connected to a valve, which again flows into the metering reservoir or via a throttle into the tank. Through this design, the increased pressure in the evaporator can be used to squeeze the Dosierspeicher and it can be dispensed with a pump.
Für einen kontinuierlichen Betrieb ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bevorzugt derart weitergebildet, dass dem Dosierspeicher eine Mehrzahl an Verdampfern nachgeschaltet ist, wobei jedem Verdampfer ein Flüssigkeitsverteiler vorgeschaltet ist. Durch die richtige Schaltung der Ventile kann demnach ein höherer Druck in einem der Verdampfer dazu verwendet werden, den Dosierspeicher in einen auf einem niedrigeren Druck befindlichen Flüssigkeitsverteiler auszupressen. Eine derartige Vorrichtung kann demnach kontinuierlich und pumpenlos Verdampfer beladen.For continuous operation, the device according to the invention is preferably further developed in such a way that a plurality of evaporators is connected downstream of the metering reservoir, with each evaporator being preceded by a liquid distributor. Thus, by properly switching the valves, a higher pressure in one of the evaporators can be used to squeeze the metering reservoir into a liquid distributor located at a lower pressure. Such a device can therefore load continuously and pumpless evaporator.
Da mindestens am Eintritt in die Verdampfer Temperaturen auftreten, die weit unter der Umgebungstemperatur sind und unter dem Gefrierpunkt des Wassers liegen, ist ein Zufrieren unumgänglich. Die Vorrichtung ist demnach bevorzugt derart weitergebildet, dass der Verdampfer mit einer Nanobeschichtung versehen ist, um ein Ankleben von Eiskristallen hintanzuhalten.Since temperatures occur at least at the entrance to the evaporator, which are far below the ambient temperature and are below the freezing point of the water, a freezing is inevitable. The device is therefore preferably developed in such a way that the evaporator is provided with a nano-coating in order to prevent sticking of ice crystals.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen
In
In
Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Beladung des Verdampfers mit Flüssigkeit besteht darin, den Flüssigkeitsverteiler unter Umgehung oder Weglassens des Dosierspeichers direkt aus dem Tank zu befüllen. Dazu wird der Flüssigkeitsverteiler nicht nur unten mit einem Ventil vom Verdampfer getrennt, sondern in-gleicher Weise kopfseitig. Ist der Flüssigkeitsverteiler nach erfolgtem Druckausgleich mit dem Tank durch den hydrostatischen Druck mit Flüssigkeit gefüllt, werden beide Ventile geöffnet, mit dem nun anliegenden hydrostatischen Druck des Flüssigkeitsverteilers wird der Verdampfer gefüllt. Nach erfolgter Verdampfung wird durch Schließen der Ventile der Flüssigkeitsverteiler vom Verdampfer getrennt. Das zwischen dem Kopfende des Flüssigkeitsverteilers und dem Gasraum des Tanks liegende Ventil wird nun geöffnet und der anstehende Gasdruck über eine Drossel in dessen Gasraum entspannt. Es wird Gasphase und Flüssigphase anfallen. Es stellt sich Druckausgleich ein, so dass eine erneute Befüllung des Flüssigkeitsverteilers möglich wird.Another way to load the evaporator with liquid is to fill the liquid distributor, bypassing or omitting the Dosierspeichers directly from the tank. For this purpose, the liquid distributor is not only separated at the bottom with a valve from the evaporator, but in the same way head-side. If the liquid distributor is filled with liquid after the pressure equalization with the tank by the hydrostatic pressure, both valves are opened, with the now applied hydrostatic pressure of the liquid distributor, the evaporator is filled. After evaporation, the liquid distributor is separated from the evaporator by closing the valves. The valve lying between the head end of the liquid distributor and the gas space of the tank is now opened and the pending gas pressure is released via a throttle in the gas space. It will produce gas phase and liquid phase. It adjusts pressure equalization, so that a new filling of the liquid distributor is possible.
Claims (8)
- Method for loading evaporators with cryogenically liquefied gases, characterised in that a tank (3), a thermally insulated dosing container (1), to which gaseous pressure can be applied, as well as a thermally insulated liquid dispenser (8) are connected upstream to the evaporator (10), whose connecting pipe (4) between the tank (3) end the container (1) and whose connecting pipe (6) between the dosing container (1) and the liquid dispenser (8) can be blocked with the help of one valve (5, 7) each, whereby the cryogenically liquefied gas from the tank (3) is charged into the dosing container (1), whereupon after opening the valve (7) located in the connecting pipe (6) between the dosing container (1) and the liquid dispenser (8), the cryogenically liquefied gas is transferred from the dosing container (1) to the liquid dispenser (8), whereby after introducing the cryogenically liquefied gas into the liquid dispenser (8) and subsequently closing the valve (7) located in the connecting pipe (6), the cryogenically liquefied gas is transported from the liquid dispenser into a tubular evaporator (10), using the liquid's hydrostatic pressure, whereby to this end, the valve (13) between the liquid dispenser (8) and the evaporator (10) is opened.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the pressure in the evaporator (10) in excess of the pressure in the dosing container (1) is applied to the dosing container (1).
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that in the case of use of a liquid coolant other than cryogenically liquefied gas, the own thermal capacity of the liquid is chosen such as to eliminate the possibility of the freezing point of the cryogenically liquefied gas being reached.
- Device for carrying out the method according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3 comprising an insulated tank (3) for cryogenically liquefied gas, an insulated dosing container (1), connected with the help of a pipe (4) to an interposed valve (5) and at least one evaporator (10), characterised in that an insulated liquid dispenser (8) is located between the evaporator (10) and the dosing container (1), and the liquid dispenser (8) is equipped with an overflow pipe (9) at its top end and a branch pipe (14) equipped with a valve (13) at the opposite end, both leading to the evaporator (10).
- Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the evaporator (10) and the liquid dispenser (8) are tubular.
- Device according to any of claims 4 or 5, characterised in that a branch pipe (17) equipped with a valve (16) is located at the top end of the liquid dispenser (8), leading to the dosing container (1) or through a throttle to the tank (3).
- Device according to any of the claims 4, 5 or 6, characterised in that multiple evaporators (10) are connected downstream to the dosing container (1), with a liquid dispenser (8) connected upstream to each evaporator (10).
- Device according to any of the claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the evaporator (10) is covered with nanocoating.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT4582009 | 2009-07-22 | ||
PCT/AT2010/000267 WO2011009149A1 (en) | 2009-07-22 | 2010-07-22 | Method for charging evaporators with cryogenically liquified gases, and a device for carrying out said method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2457014A1 EP2457014A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2457014B1 true EP2457014B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
Family
ID=43498649
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10740121.8A Not-in-force EP2457014B1 (en) | 2009-07-22 | 2010-07-22 | Method for charging evaporators with cryogenically liquified gases, and a device for carrying out said method |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20120159969A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2457014B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2012106249A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011009149A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2906350A2 (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2015-08-19 | Werner Hermeling | Process and device for regasifying low-temperature liquefied gas |
ITRA20120014A1 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-10 | Ilaria Bernardini | IMPROVEMENT IN PUMPING PLANTS IN HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE OF CRYOGENIC OR LIQUEFIED GASES. |
BR112018000744B1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2021-07-20 | Curtin University | MEASURING APPARATUS, METHOD FOR MEASURING A VOLUME OF A TARGET SOLID COMPONENT OF THE TOTAL SOLID COMPONENTS AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A LEACHING PLANT |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL49146C (en) * | 1935-03-01 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US2489514A (en) * | 1946-02-11 | 1949-11-29 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method of storing and vaporizing liquefied gases |
US2610471A (en) * | 1947-08-28 | 1952-09-16 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Process of and apparatus for metering a liquefied gas |
GB847508A (en) * | 1957-01-15 | 1960-09-07 | Air Prod Inc | Improvements in pumping and vaporizing liquefied gases |
US3045437A (en) * | 1960-07-14 | 1962-07-24 | Worthington Corp | Vessel for subcooled liquid |
US3972202A (en) * | 1974-08-23 | 1976-08-03 | Vacuum Barrier Corporation | Closed loop cryogenic delivery |
FR2302479A1 (en) * | 1975-02-25 | 1976-09-24 | Air Liquide | DEVICE FOR THE CONTROLLED DISTRIBUTION OF CRYOGENIC FLUID |
FR2379018A1 (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1978-08-25 | Air Liquide | CRYOGENIC PROCESS AND PLANT FOR DISTRIBUTION OF GAS UNDER PRESSURE |
US5272881A (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1993-12-28 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Liquid cryogen dispensing apparatus and method |
US5520000A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1996-05-28 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic gas compression system |
US5924291A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 1999-07-20 | Mve, Inc. | High pressure cryogenic fluid delivery system |
US6631615B2 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2003-10-14 | Chart Inc. | Storage pressure and heat management system for bulk transfers of cryogenic liquids |
US20050126766A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-06-16 | Koila,Inc. | Nanostructure augmentation of surfaces for enhanced thermal transfer with improved contact |
AT503579B1 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-15 | Hermeling Katharina Mag | METHOD FOR THE CYCLIC PISTON-FREE COMPRESSION OF THE GAS PHASE LOW COAL OF LIQUIDED GASES |
-
2010
- 2010-07-22 US US13/386,490 patent/US20120159969A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-07-22 EP EP10740121.8A patent/EP2457014B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-07-22 WO PCT/AT2010/000267 patent/WO2011009149A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-07-22 RU RU2012106249/06A patent/RU2012106249A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
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RU2012106249A (en) | 2013-08-27 |
US20120159969A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
WO2011009149A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
EP2457014A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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