EP2456956A2

EP2456956A2 - Axial-piston motor, method for operating an axial piston motor, and method for producing a heat exchanger of an axial-piston motor

Info

Publication number: EP2456956A2
Application number: EP10754670A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ulrich Rohs; Dieter Voigt
Original assignee: GETAS Gesellschaft fuer Themodynamische Antriebssysteme mbH
Current assignee: GETAS Gesellschaft fuer Themodynamische Antriebssysteme mbH
Priority date: 2009-07-24
Filing date: 2010-07-26
Publication date: 2012-05-30
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-26
Also published as: US20120145120A1; JP5768984B2; ES2617436T3; WO2011009455A3; DE112010003061A5; CN106917676A; JP2013500418A; CN102667059A; WO2011009455A2; CN102667059B; EP2456956B1

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to improve the efficiency of an axial-piston motor. To this end, the axial-piston motor comprises at least one compressor cylinder, at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line guiding the compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder to the working cylinder via a combustion chamber. The fuel flow from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder is controlled by at least one control piston driven by a control drive, and the control piston is subjected to a compensation force oriented against the combustion chamber pressure, on the side thereof facing away from the combustion chamber, in addition to the force applied by the control drive.

Description

Axial piston motor, method for operating an axial piston motor and method for producing a heat exchanger of an axial piston motor

[01] The invention relates on the one hand to an axial piston motor. On the other hand, the invention relates to a method for operating an axial piston motor and to a method for producing a heat exchanger of an axial piston motor.

[02] Axial piston engines are well known in the art and are characterized as energy converting machines, which provide on the output side mechanical rotational energy with the aid of at least one piston, wherein the piston performs a linear oscillating motion, their orientation substantially coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotational energy is aligned.

[03] In addition to axial piston motors, which are operated, for example, only with compressed air, and axial piston motors are known to which fuel is supplied. This combustion medium can be multicomponent, for example made of a fuel and of air, wherein the components are fed together or separately to one or more combustion chambers. In the present case, therefore, the term "fuel" means any material which participates in the combustion or is co-sensed with the components participating in the combustion and flows through the axial-piston engine, the fuel then comprising at least fuel, the term " Fuel "in the present context fuel so any material describes which exothermic reaction via a chemical or other reaction, in particular via a redox reaction. The combustor may further include components, such as air, that provide materials for the reaction of the fuel.

[04] In particular, axial-piston engines can also be operated under the principle of internal continuous combustion (ikV), according to which fuel, that is, for example, fuel and air, continuously fed to one or more combustion chambers. [05] Axial piston engines can also work on the one hand with rotating pistons, and correspondingly rotating cylinders, which are successively guided past a combustion chamber. On the other hand, axial piston motors can have stationary cylinders, the working medium then being distributed successively to the cylinders in accordance with the desired load sequence.

[06] For example, such stationary cylinder icV axial-piston engines are known from EP 1 035 310 A2 and WO 2009/062473 A2, EP 1 035 310 A2 disclosing an axial-piston engine in which the fuel supply and the exhaust gas removal heat exchange with each other are coupled. [07] The axial piston engines disclosed in EP 1 035 310 A2 and WO 2009/062473 A2 moreover have a separation between working cylinders and the corresponding working pistons and compressor cylinders and the corresponding compressor pistons, the compressor cylinders being on the side of the axial piston motor facing away from the working cylinders are provided. In this respect, such axial piston motors can be assigned to a compressor and a working side.

[08] It is understood that the terms "working cylinder", "working piston" and "working side" are used interchangeably with the terms "expansion cylinder", "expansion piston" and "expansion side" or "expander cylinder", "expander piston" and "expander side and to the terms "expansion stage" and "expander stage", respectively, where an "expander stage" or "expansion stage" designates the entirety of all "expansion cylinders" or "expander cylinders" located therein.

[09] It is an object of the present invention to improve the efficiency of an axial piston engine.

The object of the invention is achieved by an axial piston motor having at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder, wherein the fuel stream from the combustion chamber is controlled to the working cylinder via at least one control piston, which is driven by a control drive, and wherein the axial piston motor thereby characterized- net, that the control piston is acted upon in addition to the force applied by the control drive on its side facing away from the combustion chamber with a combustion chamber pressure counteracting compensation force.

Advantageously, a seal with respect to the control piston can be significantly improved at the combustion chamber by means of such an additional compression force, wherein for sealing to the combustion chamber or to a fuel stream leading shot channel out then ideally only a pure Ölabstreifung sufficient, so one from the international patent application WO 2009/062473 A2 known this relevant seal is much easier. At this point it should be noted that especially the timing gear can be designed versatile, for example, as a hydraulic, electrical, magnetic or mechanical timing drive.

[13] It is particularly advantageous if the force applied by the control drive is different from the compensating force directed counter to the combustion chamber pressure according to the invention. In general, the entire Steuervieb can be built much more compact, since he essentially has to take only executives. Beyond required forces can be applied according to the invention of the compensation force, so that the control drive is not burdened by forces for sealing the control piston or only to a negligible extent. In particular, this compensation force allows shorter control times, since both the control piston and the control drive can be constructed much easier, since they are less loaded.

It is understood that such a compensating force can be constructively applied in various ways. A preferred embodiment provides for this purpose that the compensation force is applied mechanically, for example via springs, as a mechanical arrangement can be structurally very easily implemented on the axial piston motor.

Alternatively or cumulatively, it is advantageous if the compensation force is applied hydraulically, for example via an oil pressure. Such oil pressure can For example, via an oil pump, in particular via a separate oil pump can be provided. The required oil pressure can be selected such that an oil pressure normally present on the axial piston engine is sufficient to generate the compensation force and can be used for this purpose. However, a separate oil pump can also be provided. [17] With regard to a further embodiment, it is provided that the compensation force is applied cumulatively or alternatively pneumatically, in particular via the compressor pressure. This pneumatic variant has the particular advantage that the pressure for generating the compensating force is present anyway on the axial piston motor and also advantageously approximately corresponds to the combustion chamber pressure, since the actual work for generating the pressure is already carried out in the working piston. In this respect, only a small seal needs to be provided, which only needs to seal a slight pressure difference. In addition to this, an oil pump can produce a corresponding oil film, which then advantageously leads the oil in a separate circuit, so that this oil pump is only exposed to a particularly low back pressure. In this respect, the oil pump then does not need to work against the compressor pressure, which will be explained in detail below.

Advantageously, the pneumatically generated compensation force can be generated by means of an intended fuel pressure of about 30 bar. For this purpose, in particular the control chamber should be sealed in accordance with the atmosphere or against the remaining spaces of the axial piston motor, so that only a Ölabstreifung for sealing between the combustion chamber or a corresponding firing channel and the control chamber is required. Possibly. can still be provided a supplementary, but correspondingly weakly dimensioned additional seal.

In this respect, a further solution of the present task provides an axial piston motor with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel is passed from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder, wherein the fuel stream of the Combustion chamber is controlled to the working cylinder via at least one control piston, which is driven by a timing drive and wherein the axial piston motor is characterized in that the control piston is arranged in a pressure chamber. This can be implemented in particular in that the control chamber or the control chamber, ie the room, in in which the control piston and at least one part, preferably the essential parts, of the assemblies of the control drive are arranged, is designed as a pressure chamber.

[20] In this context, the term "pressure chamber" refers to any enclosed space of the axial-piston engine, which has a significant overpressure, preferably of at least 10 bar, relative to the environment.

[21] Due to the fact that the control piston is arranged in itself in a pressure chamber, advantageously no complex sealing is required, so that it is possible to work with fewer losses on the axial piston motor, which in turn can improve the efficiency of the axial piston motor. From the prior art, it is only known that the combustion chamber side is provided in a pressure chamber, but not the control piston.

In addition, the object of the invention is also achieved by an axial piston motor with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder is passed, wherein the fuel stream is controlled by the combustion chamber to the working cylinder via at least one control piston, which is driven by a timing drive, and wherein the axial piston motor is particularly characterized in that the control drive comprises a control shaft which drives the control piston and cooperates with a shaft seal, on the one hand with compressor pressure is charged. [23] If the shaft seal is loaded on the one hand with compressor pressure, ideally no further sealing is required, and the axial piston motor can advantageously be operated with a smaller loss. The shaft seal then preferably serves as a seal for a pressure chamber of the axial piston motor, which may in particular have the compressor pressure. [24] However, with a correspondingly designed shaft seal, it is also possible to work with atmospheric pressure or with another engine pressure which is lower than the compressor pressure. [25] Furthermore, the object of the invention of an axial piston motor with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber is passed to the working cylinder, dissolved, the fuel stream of the combustion chamber is controlled to the working cylinder via at least one control piston, which is driven by a timing drive, and wherein the axial piston motor is characterized in that the control piston is wetted with oil and the control piston wetting oil is guided in a separate oil circuit.

[26] It is true that two oil pumps are required in order to be able to guide the oil which wets the control piston in a separate oil circuit. However, the oil pumps can work against different pressures. In this respect, they can be operated very low loss.

[27] In this context, the term "separately" means that at least one additional oil circuit exists for further components and / or component groups on the axial piston motor. [28] In this respect, it is advantageous if the axial piston motor has a main oil circuit for lubricating and / or cooling Assemblies of the axial piston motor, which is separated from the separate oil circuit.

[29] In order to be able to adjust and control the oil levels of the two oil circuits comfortably and precisely, it is advantageous if the axial piston motor is characterized by an openable and closable connection between the main oil circuit and the separate oil circuit.

[30] Depending on the specific implementation of the present invention, the separate oil circuit and the compressor pressure can be coordinated with one another such that they jointly provide the above-described compensation pressure to build up the compensation force. [31] The axial piston motor can be operated with even less loss if the control piston is injection-cooled. As a result, the efficiency of the axial piston motor can be further improved. [32] Cooling, in particular of the control piston, succeeds outstandingly even at extremely high operating temperatures, when the spray cooling takes place via oil.

[33] In order to prevent a critical loss of oil on the control piston, it is advantageous if an oil scraper is provided on the control piston. In particular, a migration of oil into the weft channels and into the working cylinders can be prevented in this way.

[34] Furthermore, in order to achieve the object of the invention, alternatively or cumulatively, an axial piston motor with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, with at least one proposed with combustion chamber pressure component and with an oil circuit for lubrication, wherein the oil circuit has a motor oil circuit and a pressure oil circuit with a different pressure from the engine oil circulation pressure level. In this way, also according to the above-described solutions to the object of the invention, implemented the advantage that in a respective oil circuit with a different pressure level, the oil pump of this circuit, for example, a pressure oil pump of the pressure oil circuit it, apply only the back pressure required to promote the oil must not be applied by the pressure oil pump in order to reach a possibly required in this circuit for other reasons, the oil to exceed the higher pressure, the pressure.

[35] Due to the fact that the pressure oil circuit can have components which work against a combustion chamber pressure located in the combustion chamber, it is correspondingly advantageous if the pressure level of the pressure oil circuit corresponds to the combustion chamber pressure. Alternatively or cumulatively, it may also be advantageous that the pressure level of the pressure oil circuit corresponds to a compressor pressure. By means of a pressure level of the pressure oil circuit corresponding to the combustion chamber pressure or the compressor pressure, a gas force acting on a component subjected to combustion chamber pressure, for example on a control piston, can be largely compensated pneumatically. The task of further improving an axial piston motor with regard to its efficiency is achieved insofar as minimizing a piston work acting on the control piston and thus maximizing the work or power delivered to the axial piston motor with the same fuel input. [36] It should be noted in this connection that the term "the pressure level corresponds to a pressure" also tolerates a pressure difference of up to 40% between the pressure level and the pressure, be it the compressor pressure or the combustion chamber pressure However, a pressure difference of a maximum of 7 bar should be recorded by the designation "the pressure level corresponds to one pressure". Such pressure differences can still be intercepted without excessive losses of efficiency of seals that can withstand higher temperatures.

[37] In order not to oppose this efficiency-improving advantage in the case of a variable power output of the axial-piston engine, it is further proposed that the pressure oil circuit have a pressure level greater than 20 bar at a full load of the axial-piston engine. Cumulatively or alternatively, it is proposed that the pressure oil circuit at a partial load of the axial piston motor has a pressure level between 5 bar and 20 bar. This guarantees a balanced pressure ratio in a large part of all operating situations, which optimizes the efficiency. Alternatively or cumulatively, it is further proposed that the pressure oil circuit at idling of the axial piston and / or at a standstill of the axial piston motor has a pressure level below 5 bar. This allows, in particular in these operating conditions, a low load of the corresponding seals, so that in particular any leakage currents that could be effective over a longer period, have no significant disturbing influences. Maintaining a pressure in the pressure oil circuit can be particularly advantageous if a stop-start system causes a momentary stoppage of the axial piston engine and thus after a start of the axial piston motor, a pressure in the pressure oil circuit does not have to be rebuilt, as this pressure even at a short-term Standstill can be maintained. In a load-dependent and transient operation of the axial piston motor can be implemented by the measures described above in particular the advantage that a compensation of the combustion chamber pressure at a pressurized with combustion chamber component component always corresponds to the combustion chamber pressure or the load point of the axial piston motor. An optimized under different operating conditions efficiency is ensured by the need to compensate for the combustion chamber pressure gas force is provided as needed at the acted upon combustion chamber pressure components. An ever-higher gas force may possibly lead to overcompensation of the combustion chamber pressure. in turn would be retrieved by a no or weaker moderate efficiency compressor power to generate the compensation pressure at the compressor stage.

[38] By "idling" is meant at this point the operating state in which the indicated power of the axial piston motor essentially corresponds to the friction power of the axial piston motor, ie the effective power is zero.

[39] The object of the invention to improve an axial piston engine with regard to its efficiency by separating the oil circuit into an engine oil circuit and a pressure oil circuit is achieved in particular by the fact that the engine oil circuit has an engine oil sump and an engine oil pump and the pressure oil circuit a Pressure oil sump and a pressure oil pump has. This has the efficiency-enhancing advantage that the engine oil pump and the pressure oil pump can provide an oil volume flow independent of the engine oil circuit and the pressure oil circuit, and thus the power demand of the engine oil pump and the pressure oil pump meets the requirements of the engine oil circuit and the pressure oil circuit. [40] In order to ensure the wetting of the components subjected to combustion chamber pressure, such as the control piston and other components interacting with the control piston, it is furthermore proposed that the pressure oil sump have means for detecting an oil level. Advantageously, these means for detecting an oil level are characterized in that the determined by the means for detecting an oil level oil level of the pressure oil sump is a minimum and / or a maximum oil level. This advantage helps prevent not only a lack of lubrication reliable and also that overfilling the pressure oil circuit and associated effects such as oil foaming, oil spills or otherwise undesirable oil leakage from the pressure oil circuit can be prevented. [41] It is also proposed that at least one pressure chamber formed as a control chamber is part of the pressure oil circuit. The advantage of this arrangement results from the fact that the control chamber, which is formed on the side facing away from the combustion chamber of the control piston, the combustion chamber pressure acting on the control piston, by the Combustion pressure level corresponding pressure level of the pressure oil circuit, can compensate.

[42] In this case, a corresponding cavity which is arranged on a side of the control piston or the control piston facing away from the combustion chamber is described as "control chamber." The side remote from the combustion chamber is additionally defined by the direction of movement of the control piston Side of the side of the control piston, on which an applied gas pressure in its resultant counteracts the combustion chamber pressure acting on the control piston Further components, which interact with the control piston or control pistons, such as cam plates or bearing arrangements that control the action, can also be provided in the control chamber In this respect, the pressure oil circuit of the oil circuit possibly also includes parts of the control piston or, wherein the circulating oil for lubrication of the control piston flow after wetting the located on the control piston friction pairings in this control chamber and from here in a Ölsu mpf can be collected. [43] In order to implement the efficiency-optimizing advantage of the compensation of a combustion chamber pressure acting on different components, it is further proposed that the pressure oil circuit is connected via a charge line to at least one cylinder of the compressor stage. The use of such a charging line has the advantage that always a pressure level in the pressurized oil circuit can be provided reliable and easy needs-based, which is present at a similar level in the combustion chamber. Expediently and advantageously, an operating point-dependent controlled or regulated pressure build-up is made available via this charging line.

In order to meet the requirements of changing load points of the axial piston motor, it is proposed that a charging valve is arranged between at least one cylinder of the compressor stage and the pressure oil circuit in order to provide an operating point-dependent controlled or regulated pressure build-up. This charging valve can be provided in particular in the charging line already described above.

[45] The control valve, the charging valve preferably by the fact that the charging valve is designed to be switchable, in particular by the fact that the charging valve is performed switchable over the compressor pressure. For this purpose, the charging valve can be operatively connected to the compressor stage and have a corresponding control device with means for switching.

[46] In a suitable embodiment, the charging valve may be, for example, an electrically or electronically actuated or else a pneumatically actuated valve. Thus, the charging valve can be actuated indirectly by a control unit or by the control device or else directly by the voltage applied to the valve compressor pressure. For example, if the compressor pressure exceeds a certain value, the charging valve may open and the compressor stage may be connected to the pressurized oil circuit, resulting in a charge of the pressurized oil circuit with compressed air or other medium present in the compressor stage.

[47] According to the load points present during operation of the axial-piston engine, the charging valve is advantageously characterized in that the charging valve switches at a charge pressure of 5 bar, more preferably 10 bar, most preferably 30 bar. This has the advantage that in the pressure oil circuit, a pressure can be provided which is required to compensate for acting on a component combustion chamber pressure or this largely corresponds. Furthermore, the discharge valve described above effectively prevents the pressure from the pressure oil circuit from escaping, provided that the compressor pressure falls below a pressure level present in the pressure oil circuit. Advantageously, a charging valve can be designed as a pneumatic, pressure-controlled multiway valve, so that an active control of the charging valve is possible.

[48] Moreover, it is also conceivable that the charging valve is a check valve, in particular a pressure-controlled check valve. This allows a structurally particularly simple circuit of the charging valve, without further measures are necessary. [49] The use of a pressure provided by a compressor stage to the axial-piston engine, wherein air or fuel provided to apply that pressure, when compressed from ambient conditions, typically has a temperature level above the ambient conditions, may result in a Pressure drop after a throttle point, as it represents a valve, or a cooling a wall of the charging line may cause a condensation of a fluid. As a further embodiment of the pressure oil circuit is therefore proposed that an oil separator is arranged between the charging valve and the pressure oil circuit.

[50] Since an oil deposited on this oil separator is already at a high pressure level, it is further proposed that a drain of the oil separator be connected to the pressure oil sump.

[51] It is also proposed that a water separator is arranged between the loading valve and the pressure oil circuit. As a result, water vapor possibly contained in the compressed air can be excreted effectively even before this compressed air is introduced, so that condensation of the water vapor in the pressure oil circuit is prevented and the service life of the axial piston motor is not limited by corrosion occurring. Also, in the event of backflow from the pressure oil line to the compressor stage, loss of oil from the pressure oil circuit can be effectively prevented if, as suggested, an oil separator is used and drainage of the oil separator re-supplies the separated oil to the pressure oil circuit. By means of the oil separator, in particular damage to the axial piston motor can be prevented, which could be caused in the compressor stage by self-ignition of oily air.

[52] An efficient use of a higher pressure level in the pressure oil circuit compared to the engine oil circuit can lead to a higher oil leakage from the pressure oil circuit into the engine oil circuit due to the existing pressure gradient. In order to maintain the efficiency-enhancing advantage of a pressure oil circuit permanently during the entire operation of the axial piston engine, it is therefore expedient that an equalizing valve is arranged between the pressure oil sump and the pressure oil pump and between the engine oil sump or the engine oil pump and the pressure oil pump. This has the advantage that a drop below a minimum necessary oil level in the pressure oil sump can be prevented by the fact that the pressure oil pump oil from the engine oil sump, until the oil level of the pressure oil sump reaches a maximum, but at least exceeds a minimum. This Effektgraderhaltende embodiment of the oil circuit is further implemented by the fact that the compensation valve is operatively connected to the means for detecting an oil level. [53] It is also proposed that the balancing valve is operatively connected to a control device. Such a control device may be, for example, a control unit of the axial piston motor, in which maps or algorithms are stored, according to which also a connection of the pressure oil circuit with the engine oil circuit should take place in order to achieve a balance of the oil level in the pressure oil circuit. Consequently, the compensation valve can be connected directly to the means for detecting an oil level or indirectly via a control device with the means for detecting an oil level.

[54] It is also conceivable that the control device, the compensation valve not only via the oil level in the pressure oil circuit, but also on the temperature or other characteristic, such as a emergency or a maintenance signal, drives, for example, a replacement of the oil in the pressure oil circuit to reach.

The use of a relation to the engine oil circuit higher pressure levels in the pressure oil circuit is energetically particularly advantageous when the balance valve preferably connects the pressure oil sump in a first operating condition with the pressure oil pump and connects the engine oil sump or the engine oil pump with the pressure oil pump in a second operating state. This has the advantage of ensuring the efficiency by using the pressure oil circuit to the effect that only at low pressure differences between the engine oil circuit and the pressure oil circuit, these two partial circuits are connected, so that the power consumption of the pressure oil pump does not lead to loss of efficiency by overcoming a high pressure difference.

[56] For an efficacy-preserving design of the compensation valve, it is proposed cumulatively that the first operating state corresponds to the partial load and / or the full load of the axial-piston engine and the second operating state corresponds to the idling and / or a standstill of the axial-piston engine. This embodiment of the compensation valve ensures that the compensation valve is switched only at low pressure differences between the engine oil circuit and the pressure oil circuit to effectively prevent a return of the oil from the pressure oil circuit in the engine oil circuit due to a negative pressure gradient. An emptying of the pressure oil circuit could possibly worsen considerably by lack of lubrication, the efficiency of the axial piston motor. [0002] Alternatively or cumulatively, therefore, it is also proposed that a return valve formed as a check valve be arranged between the engine oil sump and the compensation valve or between the engine oil pump and the compensation valve. By means of this return valve can further advantageously unintentional emptying of the Druckölkreis- run in case of malfunction of the compensation valve can be prevented.

[58] In particular, it is accordingly proposed that the return valve has a flow direction from the engine oil circuit to the pressure oil circuit.

[59] The safety function of the check valve is advantageously implemented in this arrangement by the fact that a further filling of the pressure oil circuit is possible with a positive pressure gradient, but emptying at a negative pressure gradient is prevented.

Accordingly, for the implementation of an efficiency-enhanced axial-piston engine, a method is proposed for operating an axial-piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, wherein a fuel stream of the combustion chamber is controlled under combustion chamber pressure to the cylinder of the Expanderstufe via at least one control piston and the axial piston motor has an oil circuit for lubrication and wherein the method is characterized in that the oil circuit is divided into a motor oil circuit and a pressure oil circuit and pressurized with combustion chamber components of the axial piston motor be lubricated the pressure oil circuit.

[61] In addition to this, it is proposed that the combustion chamber pressure acting on the control piston is compensated by a pressure level existing in a control chamber and corresponding to the combustion chamber pressure. [62] These proposed methods for an axial-piston engine in turn contribute to an improvement in the efficiency of the axial-piston engine in that, on the one hand, the two sub-circuits of the oil circuit each operate at a minimum required pressure level and thus the power consumption of the oil pumps located in these sub-circuits as required, minimal and thus optimized efficiency. On the other hand is through the compensation of a combustion chamber pressure at the components acted upon with combustion chamber pressure, in particular at the piston acted upon with combustion chamber pressure prevents or minimizes piston work on the control piston which does not serve the efficiency of the cyclic process, so that the thermodynamic efficiency of the axial piston motor is maximized.

[63] Advantageously, the pressure level corresponding to the combustion chamber pressure can be provided in the control chamber through the compressor stage. This has the advantage that an additional unit or an additional subassembly for generating a corresponding pressure level is not required and, moreover, this has the advantage that the pressure or the pressure level provided by the compressor stage is also of an order of magnitude which corresponds to the pressure corresponds to compensating combustion chamber pressure.

Preferably, when the minimum oil level in a pressure oil sump is undershot, the pressure oil circuit is filled with oil from the engine oil circuit. This has the advantage that there is always sufficient oil for lubrication of the acted upon by combustion chamber pressure components is available by replaced by the increased pressure from the pressure oil circuit escaping oil by oil from the engine oil circuit. For this purpose, the pressure oil circuit can be connected to the engine oil circuit in particular at idle and / or at standstill of the axial piston motor, since then the pressure differences are relatively low. A high, to be bridged pressure difference between the pressure oil circuit and the engine oil circuit can be advantageously bypassed by this proposed method by the removal of oil from the engine oil circuit especially when the pressure difference between the engine oil circuit and the pressure oil circuit is minimal, so that through this Pressure difference caused power consumption of the two pressure oil pumps is minimal and over this the overall efficiency of the axial piston motor is maximized. [65] Alternatively or in addition to the latter method, the pressure oil circuit may be connected to the engine oil circuit at a pressure differential of less than 5 bar between the pressure oil circuit and the engine oil circuit. This procedure has the advantage that the pressure oil circuit can be filled with oil from the engine oil circuit when a pressure difference between the engine oil circuit and the pressure oil circuit, irrespective of the speed of the axial piston engine, has assumed a value at which the pressure is exceeded. düng required for filling the pressure oil circuit pressure difference requires a minimum power consumption of the oil pump used for this purpose. Thus, the pressure oil circuit can be filled reliably during operation of the axial piston motor at low efficiencies. The present object is also achieved independently of the other features of the invention of an axial piston motor with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder is passed wherein the fuel stream is controlled from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder via at least one control piston and wherein the control piston combustion chamber side made of iron or steel is formed.

[67] Since the control piston comes into contact with very hot working media or fuel of the axial piston motor, it is advantageous if at least relevant areas of the control piston are designed to be heat-resistant. [68] Advantageously, the control piston is otherwise formed of aluminum or of an alloy thereof, so that the control piston is particularly light and thus extremely short control times can be realized.

[69] Alternatively, the entire control piston could be made of iron or steel, since the control piston usually build usually small and thus have little mass. This is a good solution, in particular, when extremely short control times do not play a superficial role or - precisely because of the low weight of the control pistons - can nevertheless be realized.

[70] According to a further aspect of the invention, an axial piston motor with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line, through which compressed fuel is passed from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder is proposed to solve the input task wherein the fuel flow is controlled from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder via at least one control piston, which is driven by a control drive, and wherein the axial piston motor is characterized in that the control piston with a at the operating temperature of the axial piston motor liquid metal filled cavity or filled with a liquid metal at the operating temperature of the axial piston motor filled cavity. The use of a liquid metal alloy or a liquid metal at operating temperature can contribute to the intensive cooling of the control piston, whereby advantageously the control piston can be used even at higher temperatures with sufficient life and strength.

[71] It is proposed cumulatively that the metal or the metal alloy has at least sodium. With its very low melting temperature and its good handleability in the internal combustion engine, sodium has the advantage of being able to be used in hot components. It is understood that any metal from the alkali group of the periodic table can be used, provided that the melting temperature of the metal is below the operating temperature of the axial piston motor. Furthermore, it is understood that the materials mercury, gallium, indium, tin, lead or alloys of these materials as well as other liquid metals or metals which are liquid at the operating temperature of the axial piston motor can also be used for these purposes.

[72] The object described at the outset is also described - in particular as delineated by WO 2009/062473 A2 - by an axial piston motor with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage with at least one control piston and a channel between the combustion chamber and the expander stage, wherein the control piston and the channel a by a movement of the control piston released flow cross-section with a main flow direction and the control piston a guide surface parallel to the main flow direction and / or a baffle perpendicular to the main flow direction and in which the control piston and the channel has a released by a movement of the control piston flow cross section and the movement of the control piston takes place along a longitudinal axis of the control piston and the control piston a Guide surface and / or an impact surface at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the control piston has.

[73] A charge change between two voluminous components of an internal combustion engine, through a throttle point, with flow losses is usually prevented. Such a throttle point, which is formed in the present situation by the channel and the control piston, caused by these flow losses loss of efficiency. The aerodynamically favorable design of this channel and / or the control piston thus cause an increase in efficiency. [74] Accordingly, a guide surface of the control piston aligned parallel to the main flow direction has the advantage of avoiding flow losses and maximizing the efficiency. In particular, when the flow is formed so that it does not take place perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the control piston, by a aligned at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the control piston guide surface, the guide surface can be at a favorable angle to a flowing over this guide surface flow. Advantageously, the efficiency of the axial piston motor is also increased by this measure by the flow losses are minimized at the guide surface and the control piston.

[75] In this case, the term "main flow direction" refers to the direction of flow of the fuel through the channel, which can be measured and represented graphically in the case of laminar or even turbulent flow of the fuel or geometrical meaning to understand, with a parallel to the main flow direction of a control piston control just by the flow of the fuel does not absorb a pulse or just does not change the momentum of the flow. [76] If the control piston has reached a position at which the control piston closes the released flow cross-section, this baffle surface, which is perpendicular to the main flow direction, advantageously has a minimal surface area to the combustion chamber, so that combustion medium located in this combustion chamber also has a minimal heat flow in the control piston causes. As a result, as little as possible wall heat losses are achieved by means of these baffles, which run mini- mally with respect to the main flow direction, which in turn maximizes the thermodynamic efficiency of the axial piston motor.

[77] Similar to the guide surface already described above, the impact surface can again be arranged with the aid of the acute angle and be placed in the flow of the fuel so that the impact surface, if the flow is not perpendicular to the control piston or to the longitudinal axis of the control piston, has a minimum surface area opposite to the flow. A minimally executed baffle surface again has the advantage that wall heat losses are reduced on the one hand and the unfavorable deflections of the flow with formation of vortices are minimized and the thermodynamic efficiency of the axial piston motor is correspondingly maximized.

[78] The guide surface and / or the baffle may be a flat surface, a spherical surface, a cylindrical surface or a conical surface. A planar configuration of the guide surface and / or the baffle surface has the advantage that on the one hand the control piston can be made particularly simple and inexpensive, and on the other hand, a cooperating with the guide surface sealing surface can also be designed simply designed and a maximum sealing effect on this guide surface. A spherical configuration of the guide surface and / or the impact surface also has the advantage that this guide surface is geometrically particularly well adapted to the channel following thereon, provided that the channel also has a circular or even elliptical cross section. Thus, at the transition from the control piston or from the guide surface of the control piston to the channel, no undesired demolition flows or turbulences occur. Likewise, a cylindrical guide surface and / or baffle surface can realize the advantage that flow can take place at a transition between the control piston and the channel or even a transition between the control piston and the combustion chamber while avoiding stalls or turbulences. Alternatively, a conical surface on the guide surface and / or on the impact surface may also be advantageous if the channel following the control piston has a variable cross section over the length of the channel. If the channel is designed as a diffuser or as a nozzle, the flow can again take place without demolition or without turbulence due to a conically designed surface on the control piston. It is understood that each measure explained above can also be used independently of the other measures to maximize efficiency.

[79] The axial piston motor may have a conductive area between the combustion chamber and the expander stage, the conductive area being parallel to the airfoil and cooperating with the airfoil at a top dead center of the control piston. Since the control piston in its top dead center also receives a sealing effect, the Leitflächendichtfläche is advantageously designed so that these at the top dead center of the control piston 00878

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cooperates extensively with the guide surface and thus a sealing effect takes place. The maximum sealing effect of the guide surface sealing surface is given when each point of the guide surface sealing surface has the same distance to the guide surface, preferably no distance to the guide surface. A Leitflächendichtflächte formed complementary to the guide surface meets these requirements regardless of which geometry has the guide surface.

[80] Cumulatively, it is proposed that the guide surface sealing surface on the channel side merges into a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the control piston. The transition of the Leitflächendichtfläche in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the control piston surface in a simplest embodiment may also exist in a kink, whereby the flow that flows over the Leitflächendichtfläche can tear off at this bend or on this overhang, so that the flow of the fuel with the lowest possible flow losses in the next to the control piston channel can pass. It is understood that a guide surface of the control piston need not necessarily be formed parallel to the Leitflächendichtfläche, provided that the Leitflächendichtfläche has a tear-off edge. In this case, it is also conceivable to form the guide surface without kink or overhang.

Alternatively or cumulatively to the above features, it is proposed that the axial piston motor has a shaft sealing surface between the combustion chamber and the expander stage, wherein the shaft sealing surface is formed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the control piston and cooperates with a surface of a shaft of the control piston. If the control piston reaches its top dead center, the control piston not only has the task of sealing off the combustion chamber, but advantageously also a seal against the expander stage, which takes place through the cooperation of the shaft of the control piston and the corresponding shaft sealing surface. Losses via the control piston are thereby further reduced, whereby the overall efficiency of the Axialkol- benmotors can be maximized again.

[82] It is further proposed that the guide surface, the impact surface, the guide surface sealing surface, the shaft sealing surface and / or the surface of the shaft of the control piston has a mirrored surface. Since each of these surfaces can be in contact with fuel, a wall heat flow and thus a loss of efficiency can also take place over each of these surfaces. A mirrored surface thus prevents unnecessary losses due to mestrahlung and thus has the advantage to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the axial piston engine accordingly.

[83] In order to further achieve the object of the invention, alternatively or cumulatively, an axial piston motor with at least one compression cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line, through which compressed fuel is conducted from the compressor cylinder to the working cylinder, is proposed wherein the fuel flow is controlled from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder via at least one control piston and wherein the axial piston motor is characterized in that at least one combustion chamber-side surface of the control piston is mirrored. By such mirroring, it is possible to reduce the heat load of the respective assembly in an advantageous manner, in particular by the reflection of the heat-stressing radiation.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the object of the invention can accordingly be achieved by an axial piston motor with at least one compression cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel is passed from the compressor cylinder to the working cylinder, wherein the Brennmittelstrom is controlled from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder via at least one control piston and wherein the axial piston motor is characterized in that the combustion chamber has a combustion chamber bottom of mirrored metal.

Moreover, the mirroring of a metal surface has the advantage that the wall heat flow resulting from the high temperature difference between the burned combustion medium and the metal surface can be reduced, at least for the wall heat flow caused by thermal radiation. A large proportion of loss of efficiency in an internal combustion engine is caused by this mentioned wall heat flow, which is why an efficient and simple way to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the axial piston motor by the proposed solutions of the invention by reducing the wall heat flow.

[86] It is understood that, on the one hand, non-metallic surfaces can also provide an advantage in thermodynamic efficiency by means of silvering, and on the other hand, this advantage results cumulatively or alternatively in thermodynamic efficiency It can be achieved that each component of the axial-piston motor which is in contact with the fuel is, if the temperature of the fuel is higher than the wall temperature, mirrored.

[87] Furthermore, it is understood that any other surface coating capable of increasing the spectral reflectance of the component surfaces may be used. Of course, any surface coating is also conceivable which, alternatively or cumulatively, reduces the heat transfer coefficient of a component surface in order to reduce the proportion of thermodynamic losses due to convection.

[88] Also, the object of the invention is achieved independently of the other features of the invention of an axial piston motor with at least one working cylinder, which is fed from a continuously operating combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber advantageously has two combustion air inputs.

[89] By means of several combustion air inlets, the combustion air ratio lambda (λ), ie the ratio of oxygen to fuel, can be adjusted without any problems. As is known, with a value λ = 1, the entire fuel can be burned well, since just as much oxygen is available as is required to burn all the fuel. Or else a leaner combustion mixture with a value λ> 1 is set with an oxygen precursor. But even a richer combustion mixture with λ <1 and an oxygen deficit can be adjusted particularly smoothly and quickly if two combustion air inputs are provided. In this respect, a combustion air supply via the two combustion air inlets on two different levels is advantageous.

[90] It does not matter how the present combustion chamber of the axial piston engine is designed. For example, the combustion chamber may be equipped with a pre-combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber and thus have an advantageous two-stage combustion.

[91] A regulation of the two combustion air inputs can advantageously be speed-dependent. Alternatively, however, a regulation can also be made depending on the performance, so that in both cases a much better regulation of the combustion air supply is possible. drove can be achieved. For example, the second or a further combustion air inlet is switched on, if this is advantageous in an operating state of the axial piston motor.

[92] In addition, if the two combustion air inlets are designed for combustion air with different temperatures, the flame in the combustion chamber can be slightly tempered, which makes it easier to control combustion.

[93] It should be noted that it is not always necessary to use the same combustion air inlet to the combustion chamber. Rather, advantageously, combustion air inputs can also be used, which lead, for example, to an upstream mixing tube for mixing fuel.

[94] If the axial-piston engine has at least one heat exchanger, it is advantageous if a first combustion air inlet of combustion air upstream of a heat exchanger and a second combustion air inlet of combustion air are fed behind this or another heat exchanger. This makes it possible to provide differently tempered combustion air in a structurally particularly simple way. Especially in this case can be done on the basis of efficiency, a control of the combustion air.

Optionally, a separate combustion air heater, in particular for starting operations, be provided so that fuel that comes into contact with the combustion air, is not unnecessarily cooled. The object of the invention is also achieved by an axial piston motor with at least one working cylinder, which is fed from a continuously operating combustion chamber and having an exhaust gas outlet, wherein the axial piston motor is characterized by a combustion chamber temperature sensor for determining the temperature in the combustion chamber. [97] Such a temperature sensor provides in a simple manner a meaningful value with regard to the quality of the combustion or with regard to the running stability of the axial-piston engine. As a temperature sensor, any sensor, such as a resistance temperature sensor, a thermocouple, an infrared sensor or the like can be used.

[99] Preferably, the combustion chamber temperature sensor is configured such that it measures a flame temperature in the combustion chamber. This makes it possible to determine particularly meaningful values about the combustion within the combustion chamber.

[100] The combustion chamber temperature sensor can be arranged at an almost arbitrary point within the combustion chamber. For example, combustion chamber temperature sensors may be provided in the region of a pre-combustion chamber and / or a main combustion chamber. [101] The axial piston engine may in particular include a combustion chamber control, which includes the combustion chamber temperature sensor as an input sensor and controls the combustion chamber such that the combustion chamber temperature between 1000 ⁰ C and 1500 ° C. In this way it can be ensured via a relatively simple and therefore reliable and very fast control loop that the axial piston motor produces very little pollutants. In particular, the risk of soot can be reduced to a minimum. The combustion chamber temperature can be controlled particularly quickly and thus advantageously if two or even more combustion air feeds, in particular with different tempered combustion air, are used.

[102] In addition, the axial piston motor may cumulatively or alternatively comprise a waste gas temperature sensor for determining the exhaust gas temperature. By such an exhaust gas temperature sensor, the operating state of a continuously operating combustion chamber can also be checked and regulated in a technically simple manner.

Such a control ensures, in particular, in a simple manner sufficient and complete combustion of fuel, so that the axial piston engine has an optimal efficiency with minimal emissions.

[104] Advantageously, the combustion chamber control includes the exhaust gas temperature sensor as an input sensor. Preferably, the combustion chamber is controlled such that the exhaust gas temperature in an operating condition, preferably at idle, between 850 ° C and 1200 ⁰ C. Latest- Res can be done for example by the appropriate task of water and / or a suitable preheating of the fuel, in particular air, for example by controlling the water temperature or amount of water or the proportion of preheated in a heat exchanger or not preheated air according to the aforementioned requirement becomes. Such a control by means of a water cooling is not known from the initially relevant prior art.

[105] Such an operating state is advantageously an idling of the axial piston engine, whereby a further pollutant reduction can be achieved.

[106] In order to be able to advantageously regulate a pre-combustion chamber temperature in particular, the combustion chamber temperature sensor may cumulatively or alternatively also include an antechamber temperature sensor.

[107] In addition, the object of the invention is achieved by an axial piston motor with at least one working cylinder, which is fed from a continuously operating combustion chamber, wherein the axial piston engine has a combustion chamber control, which includes a water task in the combustion chamber.

[108] An extended control option can be achieved if the water task is provided independently of a water application in or in front of a fuel compressor. In this case, water is ideally fed directly into the combustion chamber for cooling.

[109] If the water application is provided independently of a water application in or in front of a fuel compressor, this can result in further diverse and therefore advantageous control and cooling variations.

[110] The water application can be done in the pre-combustion chamber.

[111] Cumulatively or alternatively, the task of water can also be advantageously carried out in the main combustion chamber, which is particularly advantageous. In particular, the task of water can be carried out such that the water was previously used as a coolant, in particular for a combustion chamber. Also, the water or the steam can be so placed in a combustion chamber. give it that he or he flows along a wall of the combustion chamber, so that in this way the combustion chamber wall is protected as possible.

[112] If the water application is used to control an exhaust gas temperature, in particular the heat transfer at a heat exchanger to the combustion air can be advantageously regulated.

[113] Depending on the specific implementation, the water content can also be used to control the temperature in the combustion chamber and / or to reduce pollutants via chemical or catalytic reactions of the water.

[114] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an axial piston engine having a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, and at least one heat exchanger, wherein the heat absorbing member is disposed between the compressor stage and the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger heat emitting part of the heat exchanger between the Expanderstufe and an environment is arranged and wherein the axial piston motor is characterized in that the heat-absorbing and / or the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger downstream and / or upstream means for discharging at least one fluid.

The task of a fluid in the fuel stream can contribute to an increase in the transmission capacity of the heat exchanger, for example, by the task of a suitable fluid, the specific heat capacity of the fuel stream of the specific heat capacity of the exhaust stream can be adjusted or beyond the specific heat capacity of the exhaust stream can be raised. The thus, for example, advantageously influenced heat transfer from the exhaust gas stream to the fuel stream helps that a higher amount of heat can be coupled into the fuel stream and thus in the cycle while maintaining the size of the heat exchanger, which can increase the thermodynamic efficiency. Alternatively or cumulatively, a fluid can also be added to the exhaust gas flow. The discontinued fluid may in this case, for example, be a required auxiliary for a downstream exhaust gas aftertreatment, which, by means of a turbulent flow formed in the heat exchanger, ideally with the Exhaust gas stream can be mixed, so that thus a downstream exhaust aftertreatment system can be operated with maximum efficiency.

In this case, "downstream" refers to that side of the heat exchanger from which the respective fluid exits or designates that part of the exhaust line or the fuel-carrying piping into which the fluid enters after leaving the heat exchanger.

[117] By analogy with this, "upstream" is the side of the heat exchanger into which the respective fluid enters, or that part of the exhaust line or the fuel-carrying piping, from which the fluid enters the heat exchanger.

[118] In this respect, it does not matter whether the task of the fluid takes place directly in the closer spatial environment of the heat exchanger or whether the task of the fluid takes place spatially further apart.

[119] As a fluid, for example, water and / or fuel can be given up accordingly. This has the advantage that the fuel stream on the one hand has the previously described advantages of increased specific heat capacity by the task of water and / or fuel and on the other hand, the mixture preparation can already be done in the heat exchanger or in front of the combustion chamber and the combustion in the combustion chamber with a possible locally homogeneous combustion air ratio can be done. This has in particular the advantage that the combustion process is not or only slightly affected by an efficiency-degrading, incomplete combustion.

[120] For a further embodiment of an axial-piston engine, it is proposed that a water separator be arranged in the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger or downstream of the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger. By existing at the heat exchanger temperature sink could condense vaporous water and damage the subsequent exhaust system by corrosion. Damage to the exhaust line can be advantageously reduced by this measure. [121] A method is also proposed for operating an axial-piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage and with at least one heat exchanger, the heat-absorbing Part of the heat exchanger between the compressor stage and the combustion chamber is arranged and the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger between the Expanderstufe and an environment is arranged and wherein the method is characterized in that the flowing through the heat exchanger fuel stream and / or flowing through the heat exchanger exhaust stream at least a fluid is given up. As a result, as already described above, the efficiency-increasing heat transfer from an exhaust gas stream directed into an environment to a fuel stream can be improved by increasing the specific heat capacity of the fuel stream by the application of a fluid and thus also increasing the heat flow to the fuel stream. The feedback of an energy flow in the cycle of the axial piston motor can in this case, with suitable process control again an increase in efficiency, in particular an increase of the thermodynamic effect straight, cause.

[122] Advantageously, the axial piston motor is operated in such a way that water and / or fuel are given up. This method causes, in turn, the efficiency, in particular the efficiency of the combustion process, can be increased by ideal mixing in the heat exchanger and in front of the combustion chamber.

Likewise, the exhaust gas stream, if this is expedient for exhaust aftertreatment, fuel can be abandoned, so that the exhaust gas temperature in the heat exchanger or after the heat exchanger can be further increased. Possibly. This can also be followed by an afterburning, which aftertreates the exhaust gas in an advantageous manner and minimizes pollutants. A heat released in the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger could thus also be used indirectly for further heating of the combustion medium flow, so that the efficiency of the axial-piston engine is hardly negatively influenced as a result.

[124] In order to further realize this advantage, it is further proposed that the fluid be fed downstream and / or upstream of the heat exchanger. [125] Cumulatively or alternatively, separated water may be re-applied to the fuel stream and / or the exhaust stream. In the best case, a closed water cycle is thereby realized, which no longer needs to be supplied from the outside water. Thus, a further advantage arises in that a vehicle equipped with an axial-piston engine of this type or a stationary installation does not have to be refueled with water, in particular not with distilled water.

[126] Advantageously, the task of water and / or fuel is stopped at a defined time before a stoppage of the axial piston motor and the axial piston motor is operated to a standstill without a task of water and / or fuel. The potentially harmful for a exhaust gas water, which can settle in the exhaust system, especially when it cools, can be avoided by this method. Advantageously, any water from the axial piston motor is removed even before the axial piston motor is stopped so that no damage to components of the axial piston motor by water or water vapor, in particular during standstill, is favored. [127] The object is also achieved by an axial piston motor with a fuel supply and an exhaust gas discharge, which are coupled to each other to transmit heat, which is characterized by at least two heat exchangers.

[128] Although a greater effort and more complex flow conditions are initially caused by two heat exchangers, the use of two heat exchangers allows much shorter paths to the heat exchanger and an energetically favorable arrangement of the same. As a result, the efficiency of the axial piston motor can surprisingly be increased considerably.

This is especially true for axial piston engines with stationary cylinders, in which the pistons each work, in deviation of axial piston engines, in which the cylinders, and thus also the pistons, also rotate about the axis of rotation, since the latter arrangement only need an exhaust pipe to which the cylinders are passed.

[130] Preferably, the heat exchangers are arranged substantially axially, wherein the term "axially" in the present context, a direction parallel to the main axis of rotation of the axial piston motor or parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotational energy. This allows a particularly compact and thus energy-saving design.

[131] In addition, the heat exchangers can be insulated, but this is also advantageous independently of the other features of the present invention. [132] If the axial-piston engine has at least four pistons, it is advantageous if the exhaust gases of at least two adjacent pistons are guided into a respective heat exchanger. In this way, the paths between the piston and heat exchanger for the exhaust gases can be minimized, so that losses in the form of waste heat, which can not be recovered via the heat exchanger can be reduced to a minimum. [133] The latter can also be achieved if the exhaust gases of three adjacent pistons are each directed into a common heat exchanger.

[134] On the other hand, it is also conceivable that the axial piston engine comprises at least two pistons, wherein the exhaust gases of each piston are directed into a respective heat exchanger. In that regard, it may - depending on the specific implementation of the present invention - be advantageous if each piston a heat exchanger is provided. Although this requires an increased construction costs; On the other hand, the heat exchanger can each be smaller, and thus structurally possibly simpler, be formed, whereby the axial piston motor builds overall more compact and thus burdened with lower losses.

[135] According to a further aspect of the invention, an axial piston engine is proposed with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, which is characterized in that the compressor stage has a different from the expander stage displacement.

[136] In particular, it is proposed cumulatively that the stroke volume of the compressor stage is smaller than the stroke volume of the expander stage.

[137] Furthermore, a method for operating an axial-piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with a cylinder comprising at least one cylinder, is provided. send Expanderstufe and proposed with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the Expanderstufe, which is characterized in that a fuel or an exhaust gas as combustible fuel during expansion in the expander stage with a greater pressure ratio than one during compression in the compressor stage existing pressure ratio is expanded.

The thermodynamic efficiency of the axial-piston engine can be maximally maximized by these measures, since the theoretical thermodynamic potential of a cycle process implemented in an axial-piston engine, in contrast to the prior art, such as WO 2009/062473, is prolonged by the thereby made possible Expansion can be exploited maximally. In an engine sucking from the environment and discharging into the same environment, the thermodynamic efficiency achieved by this measure its maximum efficiency in this respect, when the expansion to ambient pressure occurs.

[139] Therefore, a method for operating an axial-piston engine is proposed by means of which the combustion medium in the expander stage is expanded approximately to an ambient pressure.

By "approximately" is meant a maximum ambient pressure increased by the amount of friction fluid pressure of the axial piston engine., An expansion to the exact ambient pressure at a friction fluid pressure other than 0 bar will not provide a significant advantage in efficiency over expansion up to the amount of friction fluid pressure The amount of the friction fluid pressure can be understood as a constant pressure acting on the piston, wherein the piston is considered to be free of forces when the pressure acting on the piston top cylinder internal pressure equal to the pressure acting on the underside of the piston ambient pressure plus the Reibmitteldruckes.Therefore, a favorable Gesamttwir - Kungsgrad degree of an internal combustion engine already given upon reaching a relative expansion pressure, which is at the level of Reibmitteldruckes.

[141] Advantageously, an axial piston motor for implementing this advantage can further be designed such that a single stroke volume of at least one cylinder of the compressor stage is smaller than the single stroke volume of at least one cylinder of the expander stage. In particular, It is particularly conceivable, by a large Einzelhubvolumen the cylinder of the expander, if the number of cylinders of the expander and the compressor stage should remain identical, the thermodynamic efficiency by a favorable influence on the surface-volume ratio, whereby lower wall heat losses can be achieved in the Expanderstufe to influence. It is understood that this embodiment is advantageous in an axial piston motor with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, independently of the other features of the present invention Alternatively or cumulatively, it is also proposed that the number of cylinders of the compressor stage is equal to or less than the number of cylinders of the expander stage.

[143] In addition to the above advantages, by choosing a suitable number of cylinders, in particular a reduced number of cylinders, with identical single stroke volume of a cylinder of the expander and compressor stage, the mechanical efficiency of the axial piston engine and thus also the overall efficiency of the axial piston engine be maximized by eliminating at least one cylinder of the compressor stage to realize a prolonged expansion and thus the friction of the lost cylinder also no longer needs to be applied. Any imbalances which could be due to such an asymmetry of the piston or cylinder arrangement may be tolerated or avoided by supplementary measures.

[144] To solve the problem posed, an axial piston motor with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, which is characterized in that at least one a cylinder has at least one gas exchange valve made of a light metal. Light metal, especially when used on moving components, reduces the inertia of the components made of this light metal and can reduce the friction of the axial piston due to its low density so that the control drive of the gas exchange valves is designed according to the lower mass forces. The reduction of friction losses through the use of light metal components in turn leads to a reduced overall loss on the axial piston motor and, at the same time, an increase in the total effective straight.

[145] Cumulatively, it is proposed that the axial piston motor is characterized in that the light metal is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular Dural. Aluminum, in particular a solid or high-strength aluminum alloy such as Duralumin or duralumin, is particularly suitable for an embodiment of a gas exchange valve, since not only the weight of a gas exchange valve on the density of the material but also the strength of a gas exchange valve can be increased or can be maintained at a high level. Of course, it is also conceivable that instead of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the material titanium or magnesium or an alloy of aluminum, titanium, magnesium and / or other constituents can be used. A correspondingly lightweight gas exchange valve, in particular load changes correspondingly faster follow than this can already implement a heavy or denser gas exchange valve due to the greater inertia. [146] The gas exchange valve may in particular be an inlet valve. The advantage of a light gas exchange valve and a concomitant lower friction medium pressure or a lower friction power of the axial piston motor can be implemented in particular when using an inlet valve made of a lightweight material, since at this point of the axial piston motor low temperatures are present which a sufficient distance to the melting temperature of aluminum or have aluminum alloys. On the other hand, it goes without saying that the advantages of a gas exchange valve made of a light metal can also be used advantageously cumulatively to the embodiments mentioned above with respect to the compressor cylinder outlet valves and the compressor cylinder inlet valves.

The object of the invention is also achieved by an axial piston motor with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel is passed from the compressor cylinder to the working cylinder, wherein the fuel stream from the combustion chamber to the Working cylinder is controlled by a firing channel via at least one control piston, which is driven by a timing drive opens and closes the firing channel, and the control piston ben different opening and closing times. [148] Due to the diverging open and close times, a particularly high adaptability to different operating situations can be achieved on the present axial piston motor. In this respect, such unbalanced control times are advantageous.

[149] In this respect, a preferred embodiment variant can be realized in an advantageous manner in that the control piston is closed faster than it is opened. As a result, it can be reliably achieved that there is always sufficient time to fill the respective one

Cylinder is available. However, care should be taken that there is no recoil into the combustion chamber with regard to the expansion work to be performed, which can be ensured by such asymmetrical control times. In addition, the risk can be reduced that in particular the working cylinder is critically filled with fuel, which can lead to overload on the working piston.

[150] The object of the present invention is also achieved by an axial-piston engine having at least one working cylinder, which is fed from a continuously operating combustion chamber, which includes a pre-combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber and which has an exhaust gas outlet, wherein the axial piston engine by a Pre-combustion chamber temperature sensor for determining a temperature in the pre-combustion chamber is characterized.

[151] Such a temperature sensor provides in a simple way a meaningful value with regard to the quality of the combustion or with regard to the running stability of the axial-piston engine. The temperature sensor can be any sensor, for example a resistance temperature sensor, a thermocouple, an infrared sensor or the like.

[152] Preferably, the pre-combustion chamber temperature sensor is configured to determine the temperature of a flame in the pre-combustion chamber. This allows especially meaningful values.

[153] The axial piston motor can comprise, in particular a combustion chamber control WEL che the Vorbrennkammertemperatursensor as the input sensor and the combustion chamber includes controls such that the Vorkammertemperatur between 1,000 and 1,500 C ⁰ ⁰ C. In this way it can be ensured via a relatively simple and therefore reliable and very fast control loop that the axial piston motor produces very little pollutants. In particular, the risk of soot can be reduced to a minimum. [154] In addition, the axial-piston engine may cumulatively or alternatively comprise an exhaust-gas temperature sensor for determining the exhaust-gas temperature.

[155] By means of such an exhaust gas temperature sensor, the operating state of a continuously operating combustion chamber can also be checked and regulated in a technically simple manner. Such a control ensures, in particular in a simple manner, sufficient and complete combustion of fuel, so that the axial-piston engine has optimum efficiency with minimal emissions of pollutants.

[156] Preferably, the combustion chamber is controlled such that the exhaust gas temperature in an operating state, preferably at idle, between 850 ° C and 1200 ⁰ C. The latter can be done for example by the appropriate task of water and / or a suitable preheating the fuel, in particular air, for example by controlling the water temperature or amount of water or the proportion of preheated in a heat exchanger or not preheated air according to the aforementioned requirement becomes.

[157] The object of the present invention is achieved cumulatively or alternatively to the above-mentioned features of an axial piston motor with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel is passed from the compressor cylinder to the working cylinder , wherein the axial piston motor is characterized in that the compressor cylinder during a suction stroke of a compressor piston arranged in the compressor piston, water or water vapor is applied.

[158] On the one hand, this ensures an excellent distribution of the water in the fuel. On the other hand, the compression enthalpy changed by the water can be introduced uncritically into the combustion medium without the energy balance of the entire axial piston engine being adversely affected by the water application. In particular, this makes it possible to approximate the compaction process to an isothermal compaction, as a result of which the energy balance during compaction can be optimized. The proportion of water can additionally - depending on the concrete implementation - be used for temperature control in the combustion chamber and / or also for reducing pollutants via chemical or catalytic reactions of the water. [159] The task of water can, depending on the specific implementation of the present invention, be carried out for example by a metering pump. By a recoil valve can be dispensed with a metering pump, since then the compressor piston can suck in its suction stroke and water through the recoil valve, which then closes during compression. The latter implementation is particularly advantageous if a safety valve, for example a solenoid valve, is provided in the water supply line in order to prevent leaks in the event of a motor stall.

[160] It goes without saying that, if necessary, water can also be given off elsewhere in the axial piston motor. [161] According to a further aspect of the invention, an axial piston motor is proposed with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, wherein the axial piston engine is an oscillating gas and a flow cross-section releasing gas Valve and the gas exchange valve closes this flow cross-section by means of a force acting on the gas exchange change valve spring force of the valve spring and wherein the axial piston motor is characterized in that the gas exchange valve has a bounce. Automatic, so not cam-operated, gas exchange valves, which open at a pending pressure difference, can be so much accelerated when the applied pressure difference causes a very high opening force that either the valve spring of the gas exchange valve goes to block, the valve spring plate or even a comparable support ring bouncing on another component. Such inadmissible and unwanted contact between two components can very quickly lead to the destruction of these components. In order to effectively prevent the valve spring plate from being put on, a further spring designed as an impact spring is therefore advantageously provided, which dissipates excess kinetic energy of the gas exchange valve and brakes the gas exchange valve until it is stationary.

[162] In particular, the impact spring may have a shorter spring length than a spring length of the valve spring. If the two springs, the valve spring and the baffle spring, have a common bearing surface, the baffle spring is advantageously designed so that the spring length of the installed valve spring is always shorter than the spring length of the baffle spring, so that the valve spring when opening the gas exchange valve initially applies only the forces required to close the gas exchange valve and after reaching the maximum valve lift the impact spring comes into contact with the gas exchange valve to immediately prevent further opening of the gas exchange valve. [163] Cumulatively, the spring length of the impact spring can correspond to the spring length of the valve spring, which is reduced by one valve lift of the gas exchange valve. Advantageously and advantageously, the fact is exploited here that the difference of the spring lengths of both springs corresponds exactly to the amount of the valve lift.

[164] The term "valve lift" refers to the stroke of the gas exchange valve, from which the flow cross-section released by the gas exchange valve reaches a maximum.A poppet valve commonly used in engine construction generally has a linearly increasing geometric flow cross-section with a small opening The maximum geometric opening area is typically reached when the valve lift reaches 25% of the inner valve seat diameter.

[165] The term "spring length" refers to the maximum possible length of the bounce spring or the valve spring when installed: the spring length of the baffle spring corresponds exactly to the spring length in the untensioned state and the spring length of the valve spring is just the length that the valve spring is in the installed state having closed gas exchange valve.

[166] Alternatively or cumulatively, it is further proposed here that the spring length of the impact spring corresponds to a height of a valve guide which is increased by one spring travel of the impact spring. This has the advantage that a valve guide, but also any other fixed component which can come into contact with a moving component of the valve control, just does not come into contact with a moving component of the valve control, since the bounce even when reaching the intended spring travel straight not so much that it comes to a contact.

[167] The term "spring travel" designates the spring length minus the length of the spring which is present at maximum load. about the calculated design of the valve train, including a safety factor. Thus, the spring travel is just the length by which the spring compresses when occurring during operation of the axial piston motor maximum load or the maximum provided during operation of the axial piston motor valve lift, under exceptional load occurs. The maximum valve lift here refers to the above-defined valve lift plus a stroke of the gas exchange valve, in which a contact between a moving component and a stationary component just occurs.

[168] Instead of a valve guide can also occur any other component which can come into contact with moving parts of the valve train. [169] Furthermore, upon reaching the spring travel of the impact spring, the impact spring can have a potential energy which corresponds to the maximum operational kinetic energy of the gas exchange valve when the flow cross-section is released. Advantageously, a deceleration of the gas exchange valve is achieved precisely when fulfilling this physical or kinetic condition, exactly when it just does not come to a contact between two components. The maximum, operational kinetic energy is, as stated above, the kinetic energy of the gas exchange valve, which can occur with a computational design of the valve train including a safety factor. The maximum operational kinetic energy is due to the maximum applied to the gas exchange valve pressures or pressure differences, whereby the gas exchange valve is accelerated due to its mass and receives a maximum movement speed after the decay of this acceleration. Excess kinetic energy stored in the gas exchange valve is absorbed via the impact spring, so that the impact spring is compressed and has potential energy. Upon reaching the spring travel of the baffle or at the maximum intended compression of the bounce a reduction in the kinetic energy of the gas exchange valve or the valve group to the amount zero is advantageous so that it does not come to a contact between two components. The term "maximum, operational kinetic energy" therefore also includes the kinetic energy of all moving with the gas exchange valves moving components, such as the valve keys, valve spring plates or valve springs.

[170] The object stated at the outset is likewise achieved by a method for producing a heat exchanger of an axial-piston engine, which has at least one cylinder the comprehensive compressor stage, an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, wherein the heat-absorbing portion of the heat exchanger between the compressor stage and the combustion chamber is arranged and the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger between the Expanderstufe and an environment is arranged, wherein the heat exchanger comprises at least one the heat-emitting part of the heat-absorbing part of the heat exchanger delimiting wall of a pipe for separating two streams and wherein the manufacturing process is characterized in that the tube is arranged in at least one of the tube corresponding material matrix and cohesively and / or non-positively connected to this template.

[171] The use of a heat transfer in an axial piston motor explained above can be disadvantageous due to the occurrence of particularly high temperature differences between the input and between the output of the heat exchanger on the one hand and between the heat-absorbing and heat-emitting part of the heat transfer due to a life-limiting damage to the Lead material. In order to counteract the resulting thermal stresses and damage caused by a loss of fuel or exhaust gas, a heat exchanger according to the above-described proposal can advantageously be made at its critical stress sites almost exclusively made of only one material with a suitable design. Even if the latter is not the case, material stresses are advantageously reduced by the solution described above.

[172] It is understood that a solder used or other means used for mounting or mounting the heat exchanger can be made of a different material, especially if they are not areas with a high thermal stress or with a high requirement for tightness ,

[173] It is also conceivable to use two or more materials with the same coefficient of thermal expansion, whereby the occurrence of thermal stresses in the material can be counteracted in a similar manner. [174] In order to create a coherent and / or non-positive connection between the pipe and the die, a process for the production of a heat exchanger is further proposed, which is characterized in that the material connection between the pipe and the die by welding or soldering. By such a method, the tightness of a heat transfer is ensured in a simple manner and particularly advantageous. In this case, it is also possible to use a material corresponding to the tube or die as the welding or soldering material.

[175] The adhesion between the tube and the die can alternatively or cumulatively be done by shrinking. This in turn has the advantage that thermal stresses between the tube and the die can be prevented by the use of a material different from the material of the tube or the die material, for example in a cohesive connection, is avoided. Also, the corresponding connection can then be provided quickly and reliably.

[176] Further advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of the appended drawing, in which different axial piston motors and their assemblies are shown by way of example.

[177] They show:

Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a first axial piston motor;

Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the axial piston engine of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a second axial piston motor in similar

Representation as Fig. 2;

Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of a third axial piston motor in a similar representation as Fig. 1;

Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of another axial piston motor with a pre-burner temperature sensor and two exhaust gas temperature sensors;

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a further axial piston motor with a control chamber designed as a pressure chamber, a section of the oil circuit and an alternative embodiment of the control piston; FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a further axial piston motor with a control chamber designed as a pressure chamber, a section of the oil circuit and an alternative embodiment of the control piston;

Figure 8 is a schematic representation of an oil circuit for an axial piston motor with a pressure oil circuit;

Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a flange for a heat exchanger with a die arranged therein for receiving tubes of a heat exchanger;

Figure 10 is a schematic sectional view of a gas exchange valve with a valve spring and a bounce spring; and

Figure 11 is a further schematic sectional view of a gas exchange valve with a

Valve spring and a bounce spring.

The axial piston motor 201 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a continuously operating combustion chamber 210, from which successive working medium is supplied via working channels 215 (numbered as an example) to working cylinders 220 (numbered as an example).

The combustion chamber 210 has two mutually different combustion air inlets (not shown here) in order to be able to vary and adjust the distribution of combustion air into the combustion chamber 210 particularly well. In particular, this allows the lambda value to be set extremely well on the axial piston motor 201, as a result of which the combustion within the combustion chamber 210 can be adapted very accurately and quickly to real-time power requirements of the axial piston motor 201. Advantageously, differently tempered combustion air can be introduced into the combustion chamber 210 via the two combustion air inputs, whereby the combustion can be controlled more easily. [180] A working fluid flow within one of the shot channels 215 from the combustion chamber 210 to the respective power cylinder 220 is controlled by a control piston (not explicitly shown) driven by a timing gear (not explicitly shown). [181] Advantageously, in addition to the force applied by the control drive, the control piston is additionally acted upon by a compensation force directed against a combustion chamber pressure, so that the control drive can be designed in a particularly simple manner. The compensation force can be generated pneumatically on the basis of the present compressor cylinder pressure constructively with very little effort.

In particular, the seal on the respective control piston can be made exceptionally simple if the control piston is located in a pressure chamber in which similar pressure conditions are present as in the combustion chamber 210. Ideally, a sufficient tightness is already achieved by means of a pure Ölabstreifung. [183] For this purpose, the control piston is always wetted with oil, whereby it is lubricated and cooled at the same time, the control piston in this case is preferably injection-cooled. To strip the oil, the control piston is provided with an oil scraper not shown here, by means of which the oil can be returned to a separate oil circuit.

[184] In order to be able to advantageously reduce the moving masses also with regard to the present control piston, the control piston is made of aluminum at least with regard to its piston shaft. In the area of the piston crown, however, the control piston on the firing chamber side is made of an iron alloy in order to withstand even very high combustion medium temperatures better.

[185] Alternatively, the control piston can also be made of a steel alloy, so that problems of strength and / or stiffness as well as thermal difficulties are even more unlikely to occur than with respect to an aluminum alloy.

In the working cylinders 220 are each working piston 230 (exemplified numbered) arranged, which realized via a rectilinear connecting rod 235 on the one hand with an output which in this embodiment as a curvature 240 carrying, on a drive shaft 241 arranged spacer 242 is, and on the other hand connected to a compressor piston 250, which runs in each case in the manner explained in more detail below in the compressor cylinder 260. [187] After the working medium has done its work in the working cylinder 220 and has loaded the working piston 230 accordingly, the working medium is expelled from the working cylinder 220 via exhaust ducts 225. At the exhaust ducts 225, not shown, temperature sensors are provided which measure the temperature of the exhaust gas. The exhaust channels 225 each open into heat exchanger 270 and then leave the axial piston motor 201 at corresponding outlets 227 in a conventional manner. In particular, the outlets 227 can in turn be connected to an annular channel, not shown, so that the exhaust gas ultimately leaves the motor 201 only at one or two points. Depending on the specific embodiment, in particular the heat exchanger 270 may optionally be dispensed with a muffler, since the heat exchanger 270 itself already have a sound-absorbing effect.

The heat exchangers 270 are used to preheat fuel, which is compressed in the compressor cylinders 260 by the compressor piston 250 and passed through a pressure line 255 to the combustion chamber 210. The compression takes place in a manner known per se, by intake air via supply lines 257 (exemplified numbered) sucked by the compressor piston 250 and compressed in the compressor cylinders 260. For this purpose, known and readily usable valve systems are used.

As can be seen directly from FIG. 2, the axial piston motor 201 has two heat exchangers 270, which are each arranged axially with respect to the axial piston motor 201. By means of this arrangement, the paths which the exhaust gas has to pass through the exhaust ducts 225 through to the heat exchangers 270 can be considerably reduced in comparison with axial piston motors of the prior art. This has the consequence that ultimately reaches the exhaust gas at a much higher temperature, the respective heat exchanger 270, so that ultimately the fuel can be preheated to correspondingly higher temperatures. In practice it has been found that at least 20% fuel can be saved by such a configuration. It is assumed that optimized design even allows savings of up to 30% or more.

[191] In this connection, it is understood that the efficiency of the axial piston motor 201 can be increased by further measures. For example, the fuel can be used in a conventional manner for cooling or thermal insulation of the combustion chamber 210, whereby it can be further increased in its temperature before it enters the combustion chamber 210. It should be emphasized that the corresponding temperature control on the one hand can be limited only to components of the fuel, as is the case in the present embodiment with respect to combustion air. It is also conceivable to give off water to the combustion air before or during the compression, but this is also possible without further ado, for example in the pressure line 255.

[192] It is particularly preferable for water to be introduced into the compressor cylinder 260 during a suction stroke of the corresponding compressor piston 250, which results in an isothermal compression or a compression that is as close as possible to an isothermal compression. As can be readily seen, a duty cycle of the compressor piston 250 includes a suction stroke and a compression stroke, wherein during the suction stroke, fuel enters the compressor cylinder 260, which is then compressed during the compression stroke, ie, compressed, and delivered to the pressure line 255. By the abandonment of water during the suction stroke, a uniform distribution of the water can be ensured in an operationally simple manner.

[193] It is also conceivable to temper the fuel accordingly, although this is not absolutely necessary since the fuel quantity with respect to the combustion air is generally relatively small and can therefore be brought to high temperatures very quickly.

Likewise, the task of water in this embodiment can take place in the pressure line 255, wherein the water is uniformly mixed with the fuel within the heat exchanger by a clever deflection of the flow. Also, the exhaust passage 225 may be selected for the discharge of water or other fluid, such as fuel or exhaust aftertreatment means, to ensure homogeneous mixing within the heat exchanger 270. The design of the heat exchanger 270 shown further allows the aftertreatment of the exhaust gas in the heat exchanger itself, wherein heat released by the aftertreatment is supplied directly to the combustion medium located in the pressure line 255. In the outlet 227 an unillustrated water separator is arranged, which is located in the exhaust condensed water the axial piston motor 201 for a new task leads back. The water separator can be designed in conjunction with a condenser. Furthermore, the use in similarly designed axial piston motors is possible, the other advantageous features on the axial piston motor 201 or on similar axial piston motors also without use of a water separator in the outlet 227 are advantageous.

The axial piston motor 301 shown in FIG. 3 essentially corresponds in its construction and in its mode of operation to the axial piston motor 201 according to FIGS. 1 and 2. For this reason, a detailed description is omitted, with similarly acting components also provided with similar reference numbers in FIG are different only in the first digit. The axial piston motor 301 also has a central combustion chamber 310 from which working fluid in the working cylinder 320 can be guided in accordance with the sequence of operation of the axial piston motor 301 via shot channels 315 (numbered as an example). The working medium is, after it has done its work, supplied via exhaust ducts 325 each heat exchangers 370. In this case, the axial piston motor 301 in deviation from the axial piston motor 201 depending on a heat exchanger 370 for exactly two working cylinder 320, whereby the length of the channels 325 can be reduced to a minimum. As is readily apparent, in this embodiment, the heat exchangers 370 are partially recessed in the housing body 305 of the axial piston motor 301, resulting in an even more compact construction than the construction of the axial piston motor 201 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this case, the extent to which the heat exchangers 370 can be let into the housing body 305 is limited by the possibility of arranging further assemblies, such as, for example, water cooling for the working cylinders 220.

The axial piston motor 401 shown in FIG. 4 also essentially corresponds to the axial piston motors 201 and 301 according to FIGS. 1 to 3. Correspondingly, identical or similar components are similarly numbered and differ only in the first position. Incidentally, a detailed explanation of the mode of operation is accordingly also omitted in this embodiment, since this has already been done with respect to the axial piston motor 201 according to Figures 1 and 2. The axial piston motor 401 likewise comprises a housing body 405, on which a continuously operating combustion chamber 410 with two combustion air inlets (not shown here), six working cylinders 420 and six compressor cylinders 460 are provided. Here, the combustion chamber 410 is connected via each shot channels 415 with the working cylinders 420, so that the latter can be supplied to the working cylinders 420 according to the timing of the axial piston motor 401 working medium.

[199] The firing channels 415 can be opened or closed by means of control pistons (not shown further here). The control pistons are driven and controlled by a respective control drive, with each of the control pistons additionally having a compensating force which is directed against a combustion chamber pressure. The control pistons are also arranged in a pressure space in which a pressure is set, which substantially corresponds to the combustion chamber pressure. This results in a particularly simple seal on the respective control piston in the form of a Ölabstreifung. Sufficient oil is supplied to the spool by constantly cooling each of the spools with oil. Thus, in addition to the cooling always provided for a good lubrication and sealing on the respective control piston. The control pistons are made of aluminum in lightweight construction and have at least the combustion chamber side on a combustion protection of iron, whereby they are designed very stable in temperature.

[200] After the work has been completed, the working medium leaves the working cylinders 420 respectively through exhaust ducts 425 which lead to heat exchangers 470, these heat exchangers 470 being identical to the heat exchangers 270 of the axial piston motor 201 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 (see in particular FIG. 2). The working medium leaves the heat exchanger 470 through outlets 427 (numbered as an example).

In the working cylinders 420 and the compressor cylinders 460, respectively working pistons 430 and compressor pistons 450 are arranged, which are connected to one another via a rigid connecting rod 435. The connecting rod 435 comprises, in a manner known per se, a cam track 440 which is provided on a spacer 424 which ultimately drives an output shaft 441. In this embodiment as well, combustion air is drawn in via feed lines 457 and compressed in the compressor cylinders 460 in order to be fed via pressure lines 455 to the combustion chamber 410, wherein the measures mentioned in the aforementioned exemplary embodiments can also be provided depending on the concrete implementation. [203] In addition, in the case of the axial piston motor 401, the pressure lines 455 are connected to one another via an annular channel 456, as a result of which a uniform pressure in all pressure lines 455 can be ensured in a manner known per se. Valves 485 are respectively provided between the annular channel 456 and the pressure lines 455, as a result of which the inflow of fuel through the pressure lines 455 can be regulated or adjusted. In addition, a combustion medium reservoir 480 is connected to the annular channel 456 via a storage line 481, in which also a valve 482 is arranged.

[204] The valves 482 and 485 can be opened or closed depending on the operating state of the axial piston motor 401. For example, it is conceivable to close one of the valves 485 when the axial piston motor 401 requires less fuel. Likewise, it is conceivable to partially close all valves 485 in such operating situations and to let them act as a throttle. The excess of fuel can then be supplied to the fuel storage 480 with the valve 482 open. The latter is also possible in particular when the axial piston motor 401 is in coasting mode, ie. H. no fuel is needed at all but is driven by the output shaft 44. The excess of combustion medium caused by the movement of the compressor pistons 450 occurring in such an operating situation can then likewise be stored without further measures in the combustion medium reservoir 480.

[205] The combustion medium stored in this way can be supplied to the axial piston motor 401 as needed, in particular during start-up or acceleration situations and for starting, so that an excess of fuel is provided without additional or faster movements of the compressor piston 450.

[206] if necessary can, to ensure ^'the latter, to dispense with the valves 482 and 485. Due to unavoidable leaks, abandoning such valves seems to be less suitable for permanent storage of compressed fuel. In an alternative embodiment of the axial piston motor 401, the annular channel 456 can be dispensed with, in which case the outlets of the compressor cylinders 460 are combined according to the number of pressure lines 455, possibly via an annular channel section. In such a configuration, it may be useful to connect only one of the pressure lines 455 or not all of the pressure lines 455 to the fuel storage 480 or to provide connectable. Although such a configuration requires that not all compressor piston 450 can fill the fuel storage 480 in the overrun mode. On the other hand, sufficient combustion agent is then available for the combustion chamber 410 without further control or control measures, so that combustion can be maintained. In parallel with this, the combustion medium reservoir 480 is filled via the remaining compressor pistons 450, so that correspondingly stored fuel is available and, in particular, directly available for starting or starting or acceleration phases.

It is understood that the axial piston motor 401 can be equipped in another embodiment not explicitly shown here with two fuel storage 480, the two fuel storage 480 can then be loaded with different pressures, so always with the two fuel storage 480 in real time can be used with different pressure intervals. Preferably, in this case, a pressure control is provided which defines a first lower pressure limit and a first upper pressure limit for the first Brennmittelspeicher 480 and the second Brennmittelspeicher (not shown here) a second lower pressure limit and a second upper pressure limit within which a Brennmittelspeicher 480 is loaded with pressures, the first upper pressure limit is below the second upper pressure limit and the first lower pressure limit is below the second lower pressure limit. Specifically, the first upper pressure limit can be set smaller than or equal to the second lower pressure limit. [209] Temperature sensors for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas or in the combustion chamber are not shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. As such temperature sensors are all temperature sensors in question, the reliable temperatures between 800 ⁰ C and 1,100 ⁰ C can measure. In particular, if the combustion chamber comprises a pre-combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber, the temperature of the pre-combustion chamber can also be measured via such temperature sensors. In that regard, the above-described Axialkolbenmotoren 201, 301 and 401 are each controlled via the temperature sensors such that the Exhaust gas temperature leaving the working cylinder 220, 320, 420 about 900 ⁰ C and - if any - the temperature in the pre-combustion chamber is about 1,000 ⁰ C.

In the case of the further axial piston motor 501 shown in FIG. 5, such temperature sensors are each present as input sensors in the form of a prechamber temperature sensor 592 and two exhaust gas temperature sensors 593 of a combustion chamber control (not explicitly shown here) and shown correspondingly schematically.

[211] In particular, by means of the antechamber temperature sensor 592 -which in this embodiment can also be referred to as pre-burner temperature sensor 592 due to its proximity to a preburner 517 of the further axial-piston engine 501-becomes a meaningful value on the quality of the combustion or in terms of the stability the further axial piston motor 501 determined. For example, a flame temperature in the pilot burner 517 can be measured in order to be able to regulate different operating states on the further axial piston motor 501 by means of a combustion chamber control.

By means of the exhaust-gas temperature sensors 593, which are located at outlets or exhaust-gas passages 525 of the respective working cylinder 520, the operating state of the combustion chamber 510 can be cumulatively checked and possibly regulated, so that optimal combustion of the combustion medium is always guaranteed.

[213] Otherwise, the structure and operation of the other axial piston motor 501 correspond to those of the above-described axial piston motors. In this respect, the further axial piston motor 501 has a housing body 505, on which a continuously operating combustion chamber 510, six working cylinders 520 and six compressor cylinders 560 are provided.

[214] Combustion chamber 510 has two combustion air inlets not shown in detail here. Different tempered combustion air for these two combustion air inputs can be provided by means of corresponding upstream heat exchanger (not explicitly shown here), for example by a first combustion air is passed in cross and / or counterflow to an exhaust gas through the heat exchanger, a second combustion air for the second combustion air inlet, however Not. 0 000878

50

[215] Inside the combustion chamber 510, fuel can both be ignited and burned, and the combustion chamber 510 can be charged with fuel in the manner described above. Advantageously, the further axial piston motor 501 operates with a two-stage combustion, for which purpose the combustion chamber 510 has the above-mentioned pre-burner 517 and a main burner 518. In the pre-burner 517 and in the main burner 518 fuel can be injected, in particular in the pre-burner 517 and a proportion of combustion air of the axial piston 501 can be initiated, which may be smaller than 15% of the total combustion air, especially in this embodiment. [216] The pre-burner 517 has a smaller diameter than the main burner 518, wherein the combustion chamber 510 has a transition region comprising a conical chamber 513 and a cylindrical chamber 514.

For supplying fuel or combustion air into the combustion chamber 510, in particular in the relevant conical chamber 513, on the one hand a main nozzle 511 and on the other hand, a treatment nozzle 512. By means of the main nozzle 511 and the treatment nozzle 512 can fuel or fuel in the Be combusted combustion chamber 510, in this embodiment example, the injected by means of the treatment nozzle 512 combustion means are already mixed with combustion air or are.

[218] The main nozzle 511 is aligned substantially parallel to a main burning direction 502 of the combustion chamber 510. In addition, the main nozzle 511 is aligned coaxially with an axis of symmetry 503 of the combustion chamber 510, wherein the axis of symmetry 503 is parallel to the main focal direction 502.

The conditioning nozzle 512 is further disposed at an angle to the main nozzle 511 (not explicitly shown here for clarity) such that a jet 516 of the main nozzle 511 and a jet 519 of the dressing nozzle 512 are at a common intersection within the conical chamber 513 cut.

In the main burner 518 fuel or fuel from the main nozzle 511 is injected in this embodiment without further air supply, the fuel in the main burner 518 already preheated and ideally can be thermally decomposed. For this the quantity of combustion air corresponding to the quantity of fuel flowing through the main nozzle 511 is introduced into a combustion chamber 526 behind the pilot burner 517 or the main burner 518, for which purpose a separate combustion air supply 504 is provided, which opens into the combustion chamber 526. The separate combustion air supply 504 is for this purpose connected to a process air supply 521, wherein from the separate combustion air supply 504, a further combustion air supply 522 can be supplied with combustion air, which in this case supplies a hole ring 523 with combustion air. The hole ring 523 is assigned to the treatment nozzle 512 in this case. In this respect, the fuel injected with the treatment nozzle 512 can additionally be injected with process air into the pre-burner 517 or into the conical chamber 513 of the main burner 518.

[222] Furthermore, the combustion chamber 510, in particular the combustion chamber 526, comprises a ceramic assembly 506, which is advantageously air-cooled. The ceramic assembly 506 in this case comprises a ceramic combustion chamber wall 507, which in turn is surrounded by a profiled tube 508. To this profiled tube 508 extends a cooling air chamber 509, which is connected via a cooling air chamber 524 to the process air supply 521.

[223] The working cylinders 520, known per se, carry corresponding working pistons 530, which are each mechanically connected by means of connecting rods 535 with compressor pistons 550. [224] The connecting rods 535 in this embodiment comprise spindles 536 which run along a cam track 540 while the power pistons 530 and the compressor pistons 550 are moved. As a result, an output shaft 541 is set in rotation, which is connected to the cam track 540 by means of a drive cam carrier 537. Via the output shaft 541, a power generated by the axial piston motor 501 can be output.

[225] In a manner known per se, compression of the process air takes place by means of the compressor pistons 550, if appropriate also including an injected water, which can optionally be used for additional cooling. If the task of water or water vapor during a suction stroke of the corresponding compressor piston 550, especially an isothermal compression of the fuel can be favored. An associated with the suction stroke water task can ensure a particularly uniform distribution of water within the fuel in an operationally simple manner.

In this way, if appropriate, exhaust gases in one or more heat exchangers, not shown here, can be cooled considerably lower if the process air is to be preheated via one or more such heat exchangers and conducted as combustion medium to the combustion chamber 510, as already described, for example, in the above Embodiments with respect to the figures 1 to 4 has already been described in detail. The exhaust gases can be supplied to the one or more heat exchangers via the abovementioned exhaust gas channels 525, wherein the heat exchangers are arranged axially with respect to the further axial piston motor 501.

[227] In addition, the process air can be further preheated or heated by contact with further assemblies of the axial piston motor 501, which must be cooled, as also already explained. The compressed and heated in this way process air is then abandoned the combustion chamber 510 in the manner already explained, whereby the efficiency of the further axial piston motor 501 can be further increased.

Each of the working cylinders 520 of the axial-piston engine 501 is connected to the combustion chamber 510 via a firing channel 515, so that an ignited fuel-air mixture from the combustion chamber 510 reaches the respective working cylinder 520 via the firing channels 515 and as a working medium to the working piston 530 work can do.

In this respect, the working medium flowing out of the combustion chamber 510 can be supplied successively to at least two working cylinders 520 via at least one firing channel 515, wherein a firing channel 515 is provided per working cylinder 520, which can be closed and opened via a control piston 531. Advantageously, the control piston 531 has diverging open and closed times, wherein the control piston 531 ideally closed faster than can be opened. In this respect, the operation of the axial piston motor 501 can be extremely flexibly adapted to different requirements.

[230] The number of control pistons 531 of the further axial piston motor 501 is predetermined by the number of working cylinders 520. Closing of the firing channel 515 happens The control piston 531 is driven by means of a control drive with a control piston cam track 533, wherein a spacer 534 is provided for the control piston cam track 533 to the drive shaft 541, which also serves in particular a thermal decoupling. In the present exemplary embodiment of the further axial piston motor 501, the control piston 531 can perform a substantially axially directed lifting movement 543. Each of the control piston 531 is guided for this purpose by means of not further quantized sliding blocks, which are mounted in the control piston cam track 533, wherein the sliding blocks each have a safety cam which reciprocates in a not further numbered guide groove and prevents rotation in the control piston 531. [231] Advantageously, in addition to the force applied by the control drive, the control piston 531 is additionally acted upon by a compensation force directed against a combustion chamber pressure, so that the control drive can be designed in a particularly simple manner. The compensation force is generated pneumatically on the basis of the present compressor cylinder pressure constructively with very little effort. [232] In particular, the seal on the respective control piston 531 can be made exceptionally simple if the control piston 531 is in a pressure chamber in which similar pressure conditions are present as in the combustion chamber 510. Ideally, a sufficient tightness is already achieved by means of a pure Ölabstreifung ,

[233] In order to be able to advantageously reduce the moving masses also with regard to the present control piston 531, the control piston 531 likewise has cross braces and is made of aluminum, at least with regard to its piston shaft. In the region of the piston crown, however, the control piston 531 on the combustion chamber side consists of an iron alloy in order to withstand even very high combustion medium temperatures better.

Alternatively, the control piston 531 may also be made of a steel alloy, so that problems of strength and / or stiffness as well as thermal difficulties may still be more unlikely than with respect to an aluminum alloy.

[235] Since the control piston 531 comes into contact with the hot working medium from the combustion chamber 510 in the region of the firing channel 515, it is advantageous if the control piston 531 is water-cooled. For this purpose, the further axial piston motor 501 in particular in the area of the control piston 531, a water cooling 538, wherein the water cooling 538 inner cooling channels 545, middle cooling channels 546 and outer cooling channels 547 includes. So well cooled, the control piston 531 can be reliably moved in a corresponding control piston cylinder. Furthermore, the surfaces of the control piston 531 which are in contact with the fuel means are mirrored or provided with a reflective coating, so that a heat input into the control pistons 531 which occurs via thermal radiation is minimized. The further surfaces of the weft channels 515 and the combustion chamber 510 which are in contact with the fuel means are also provided (not shown) with a coating having an increased spectral reflectance in this exemplary embodiment. This applies in particular to the combustion chamber bottom (not explicitly numbered) but also to the ceramic combustion chamber wall 507. It is understood that this configuration of the surfaces in contact with fuel can also be present in an axial piston engine independently of the other design features. It is understood that in modified embodiments, further modules can be mirrored or can be dispensed with the aforementioned Verspiegelungen at least partially.

The shot channels 515 and the control pistons 531 can be provided in a structurally particularly simple manner if the further axial piston motor 501 has a firing channel ring 539. The firing channel ring 539 in this case has a central axis about which concentric around the parts of the working cylinder 520 and the control piston cylinder are arranged. Between each working cylinder 520 and control piston cylinder, a firing channel 515 is provided, wherein each firing channel 515 is spatially connected to a recess (not numbered here) of a combustion chamber bottom 548 of the combustion chamber 510. In this respect, the working medium can pass out of the combustion chamber 510 via the weft channels 515 into the working cylinder 520 and perform work there, by means of which the compressor pistons 550 can also be moved. It is understood that, depending on the specific embodiment, coatings and inserts may be provided to protect in particular the firing channel ring 539 or its material from direct contact with corrosive combustion products or at excessively high temperatures. The combustion chamber bottom 548, in turn, may also have on its surface a further ceramic or metallic coating, in particular a reflective coating, which on the one hand has the appearance of the combustion chamber 510 Thermal radiation by increasing the reflectance and on the other hand reduces the heat conduction by reducing the thermal conductivity.

It is understood that the further axial piston motor 501 can also be equipped, for example, with at least one combustion agent reservoir and corresponding valves, although this is not explicitly shown in the specific exemplary embodiment according to FIG. Also in the case of the further axial piston engine, the combustion agent reservoir can be provided in duplicate in order to be able to store compressed combustion media with different pressures. The two existing combustion agent reservoirs may in this case be connected to corresponding pressure lines of the combustion chamber 510, wherein the combustion fluid reservoirs are fluidically connectable or separable via valves to the pressure lines. In particular, shut-off valves or throttle valves or regulating or control valves may be provided between the working cylinders 520 and compressor cylinders 560 and the combustion agent reservoir. For example, the aforementioned valves can be opened or closed correspondingly in start-up or acceleration situations and for starting, whereby the combustion chamber 510, at least for a limited period, a fuel surplus can be provided. The Brennmittelspeicher are fluidically preferably interposed between one of the compressor cylinder and one of the heat exchanger. The two combustion agent reservoirs are ideally operated at different pressures in order to be able to use the energy provided by the further axial piston motor 501 in the form of pressure very well. For this purpose, the intended upper pressure limit and lower pressure limit can be set on the first fuel storage by means of a corresponding pressure control below the upper pressure limits and lower pressure limits of the second fuel storage. It is understood that this can be done at the Brennmittelspeichern with different pressure intervals. Finally, it should also be noted that a water feed into the combustion medium circuit of the axial-piston engine 501 can also take place at other regions of the axial-piston engine 501, for example into the present combustion chamber 510, specifically into the pre-combustion chamber and / or main combustion chamber of the combustion chamber 510. Ideally, such a water application is controlled by means of a combustion chamber control, for example, if this is to control the exhaust gas temperature. [240] The further axial piston motors shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 essentially correspond to the axial piston motor 501, so that a further explanation of the mode of action and operation is dispensed with in this regard. The essential difference between the axial piston motors from FIGS. 6 and 7, on the one hand, and the axial piston motor 501, on the other hand, is the cooling of the combustion chamber 1326, which is supplied with combustion agent via the cylindrical chamber 1314 and which, in the case of the illustrated axial piston motors, is supplemented by water. It is understood that such or similar water cooling can also be provided in the axial piston motor 501 or the other axial piston motors shown here. For this purpose, both axial piston motors each have a water chamber 1309A, which surrounds the combustion chamber 1326 and is fed via a supply line with liquid water. For this purpose, water with combustion chamber pressure is supplied in each case via the non-numbered supply line.

[241] This water is fed via branch channels each to a ring channel 1309D, which is in contact with a steel tube (not numbered), which in turn surrounds the profiled tube 1308 of the respective combustion chamber 1326 and is dimensioned such that both between the profiled tube 1308 and the steel tube on the one hand and between the steel tube and the housing part having the branch channels on the other hand in each case an annular gap (not numbered) remains and that the two annular gaps are connected to each other via the end of the steel tube facing away from the annular channel 1309D. It is understood here that the tubes can also be formed of a different material than steel. [242] Above the profiled tubes 1308, further annular channels 1309E are respectively provided in the illustrated axial piston motors, which on the one hand are connected to the respectively radially inner annular gap and on the other hand open via channels 1309F to an annular nozzle (not numbered) which enters the respective combustion chamber 1326 leads. The annular nozzle is here aligned axially to the combustion chamber wall or to the ceramic combustion chamber wall 1307, so that the water can also protect the ceramic combustion chamber wall 1307 on the combustion chamber side.

[243] It is understood that the water vaporized on its way from the supply line to the combustion chamber 1326 each and that the water may optionally be provided with other additives. It is also understood that the water can optionally be recovered from the exhaust gas of the respective Axialkol- benmotors and reused. [244] The axial piston motor, which otherwise corresponds essentially to the exemplary embodiments described above, comprises a combustion chamber 1326, control piston 1331, weft channels 1315 and working piston 1330. The combustion chamber 1326 arranged rotationally symmetrically about the axis of symmetry 1303 has a ceramic assembly 1306 with a ceramic as described above Combustion chamber wall 1307 and a profiled steel tube 1308 on. Along the axis of symmetry 1303 results in the main combustion direction 1302 in which fuel in the direction of the shot channels 1315 and cylinder 1320 flows. The combustion chamber 1326 is delimited from the working cylinder 1320 by the control piston 1331 arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry 1303. By the oscillating movement of the control piston 1331 along its longitudinal axes 1315B periodically associated with a control piston shot channel 1315 is released as soon as the located in the working cylinder 1320 working piston 1330 performs a movement in the direction of its top dead center or is already at top dead center. The shot channel 1315 has the axis of symmetry 1315A along which a baffle 1332A is aligned. The guide surface 1332A, which is aligned parallel to this symmetry axis 1315A, thus aligns with a wall of the weft channel 1315 as soon as the control piston 1331 is at its bottom dead center, thus allowing a deflection-free flow of the combustion medium in the direction of the working cylinder 1320. A baffle sealing surface 1332E is in turn aligned parallel to the baffle 1332A, so that this baffle sealing surface 1332E terminates approximately with the baffle 1332A as soon as the control piston 1331 has reached its top dead center. The cylindrical lateral surface of the control piston 1331 also terminates with a shaft sealing surface 1332D and thereby increases the sealing effect between the combustion chamber 1326 and the working cylinder 1320. The control piston 1331 also has a baffle 1332B which is oriented approximately perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the firing channel 1315A. This alignment thus takes place approximately normal to the flow direction of the fuel when it exits the combustion chamber 1326 and enters the firing channel 1315. Consequently, this part of the control piston 1331 is subjected to as little as possible by a heat flow, since the baffle surface 1332 B has a minimum surface area to the combustion chamber 1326.

[245] The spool 1331 is controlled via the spool cam 1333. This spool cam 1333 does not necessarily include a sinusoidal shape

Profile. A control piston cam track 1333, deviating from a sinusoidal shape, permits the Control piston 1331 hold for a defined period of time in the respective upper or lower dead center and thereby on the one hand with open shot 1315 to maximally hold the opening cross-section and on the other hand, the thermal stress on the control piston surfaces during opening and closing of the firing channel as a result of a critical flow rate of the fuel as possible keep low by a maximum possible opening speed on the design of the Steuerkolbenkurvenbahn 1333 is selected at the time of opening.

Also, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 has a control piston oil chamber 1362 located in the control piston 1331, which operates the control piston seal 1363 with oil or resumes oil returning from the control piston seal 1363. The underside of the control piston 1331 points in the direction of the pressure chamber designed as a control chamber 1364. At the same time collects the control chamber 1364 from the control piston 1331 and the pressure oil circuit 1361 escaping oil. Optionally, the inner cooling channels 1345 can also be charged with oil via the pressure oil circuit 1361 instead of via a water circuit in order to cool the underside of the combustion chamber 1326.

[247] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a first control chamber seal 1365 and a second control shaft seal 1366 designed as a radial shaft seal are provided which seal the possibly higher pressure control chamber 1364 from the rest of the axial piston engine under approximate ambient pressure. The first control chamber seal 1365 and second control chamber seal 1366 seal the control chamber 1364 via a sealing sleeve 1367. This sealing sleeve 1367 is seated by means of a press fit on a rotating central shaft of the axial piston motor, which partially contains the pressure oil circuit 1361. As can be seen immediately, the sealing sleeve 1367 can also be connected to the rotating shaft in another way. Also conceivable is a cohesive connection or an additional seal between the shaft and the sealing sleeve 1367. As further apparent, these seals are seated on a relatively small radius, so that efficiency losses can be minimized. Likewise, these seals are located in a relatively cool region of the axial piston engine, so that conventional seals can be used here. [248] FIG. 7 also shows a further embodiment of the control piston surfaces serving to seal the shot channels 1315. Herein it becomes clear that the baffle surface 1332B need not necessarily be a flat surface, but also a section of a spherical, cylindrical or conical surface and thus, for example, rotationally symmetrical to the axis of symmetry 1303 may be formed. Also, the baffle 1332A and the baffle sealing surface 1332E may be deviated from a plane. FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the guide surface 1332A and the guide surface sealing surface 1332E, wherein these surfaces represent an angled straight line, at least in a sectional plane.

[249] Also, the surfaces of the spool 1331 shown in this embodiment, such as the baffle 1332A or the baffle 1332E, and the sealing surfaces such as the baffle seal face 1332E or the stem seal face 1332D are mirrored to suppress heat radiation heat loss through the spool or minimize. The applied silvering of these surfaces can moreover also consist of a ceramic coating which reduces the thermal conductivity or the wall heat transfer to the control piston. As well as the surfaces of the control piston 1331, the surface of the combustion chamber bottom 1348 (shown by way of example in FIG. 6) is mirrored in order to minimize wall heat loss. On the underside of the combustion chamber bottom 1348, in addition to the cooling, there are internal cooling channels, which optionally dissipate heat from the combustion chamber 1326 with water or oil. The cooling chamber 1334 of the control piston 1331 shown in FIG. 7 is partially filled with a metal which is liquid at the operating temperature of the axial piston motor, in this embodiment sodium, which dissipates heat from the surfaces of the control piston by convection and heat conduction and to the pressure oil circuit 1361 located oil can pass. [251] The pressure oil circuit 1361 supplying oil to the control piston 1331 is shown schematically in FIG. Here the connection of the engine oil circuit 2002 with the pressure oil circuit 2003 and the compressor stage 2011 within the oil circuit 2001 is shown. The lockable via the charging valve 2016 and balancing valve 2026 pressure oil circuit 2003 essentially includes a pressure oil sump 2022, from which the pressure oil pump 2021 via the second inlet 2033 and the common inlet 2034 suck in oil and over the second supply line 2025 of the control chamber 2023 can provide. The oil return 2031 then closes the oil circuit by returning the returning oil through this oil return 2031 to the pressure oil sump 2022. If the pressure oil circuit 2003 is completed in relation to its environment, the pressure oil pump 2021 requires only a minimum power consumption for conveying the oil. In this case, only the flow losses caused by the circulation of the oil in the pressurized oil circuit 2003 are applied via the pump power. The force required to compensate for a combustion chamber pressure acting on the control piston 1331 is compensated via a pressure applied by the compressor stage 2011. For this purpose, the compressor stage 2011 is likewise connected to the control chamber 2023 via the inlet 2035 and the pressure lines 2015 and 2030. The charging valve 2016 is located between the supply line 2035 and the pressure line 2015 in order to delimit the pressure oil circuit 2003 compared to the compressor stage 2011, as soon as no further charging of the pressure oil circuit 2003 is required. The charging valve 2016 is designed as a multi-way valve. The control of the charging valve 2016 also takes place via the control line 2036, which is also connected to the compressor stage 2011 via the inlet 2035. The control takes place in one embodiment such that the charging valve 2016 then connects the inlet 2036 with the pressure line 2015 when the compressor pressure applied by the compressor stage corresponds to or exceeds the pressure prevailing in the control chamber 2023. Also possible is an embodiment of the charging valve 2016 with a defined opening pressure. Thus, for example, the valve can also be adjusted so that this only opens at about 30 bar compressor pressure. It is also possible that the charging valve 2016 is controlled via a map located in the control unit of the axial piston motor and thus opens depending on the load or speed. With load or speed dependence in this case, the operating state of the axial piston motor is meant. The filling of the pressure oil circuit 2003 takes place in this embodiment by switching the compensation valve 2026, which is connected via the control line 2024 to the pressure oil sump 2022, so that at least with minimal oil level in the pressure oil sump 2022, as long as the operating point of the axial piston motor permits, oil the engine oil sump 2012 via the first inlet 2032 the pressure oil circuit 2003 can be supplied. The return valve 2027 located in the first inlet 2032 prevents inadvertent emptying of the pressurized oil circuit 2003 into the engine oil circuit 2002, provided that the pressure oil pump 2021 no can produce sufficient pressure gradient between the 2003 pressure oil circuit and the 2002 engine oil circuit.

[253] An oil separator 2028 is also interposed in the pressure lines 2015 and 2030. On the one hand, this oil separator 2028 serves to supply the control chamber 2023 with oil-free, compressed air, on the other hand it is also possible that via the charging valve 2016, a pressure discharge of the second partial circuit 2003 is possible and thus the compressor stage 2011 oil-free air is returned. In the event of a backflow from the pressurized oil circuit 2003 into the compressor stage 2011, it is thus possible effectively to prevent the spontaneous ignition of the oil-enriched combustion medium during the compression or after the compression. The return 2029 in this case connects the oil separator 2028 with the pressure oil sump 2022.

The pressure oil sump 2022 also has means for determining an oil level, which are connected via a control line 2024 with the compensation valve 2026. In this case, the compensation valve 2026 has the task of connecting the engine oil circuit 2002 with the pressure oil circuit 2002 or with the engine oil sump 2012 of the engine oil circuit 2002. The balancing valve 2026 thus continues to have the task to supply the pressurized oil circuit 2003 with a sufficiently large amount of oil by the pressure oil pump 2021 can refer to the first inlet 2032 missing oil from the engine oil sump 2012. Preferably, the connection of the engine oil circuit 2002 with the pressure oil circuit 2003 via the compensation valve 2026 takes place only when the pressure level in the pressure oil circuit 2003 is particularly low in order to avoid increased power consumption of the pressure oil pump 2021 because of a higher pressure difference.

FIG. 9 shows a heat exchanger head plate 3020 suitable for use with a heat exchanger for an axial piston engine. The heat exchanger head plate 3020 comprises a flange 3021 with corresponding bores 3022 arranged in a bolt circle for mounting and connection to an exhaust manifold of an axial-piston engine in the radial direction. The outer region of the heat exchanger head plate 3020. In the radially inner region of the flange 3021 is the die 3023, which has numerous designed as tube seats 3024 holes for receiving pipes. The entire heat exchanger head plate 3020 is preferably made of the same material from which the tubes are formed to ensure that the coefficient of thermal expansion in the entire heat exchanger is as homogeneous as possible and hereby thermal thermal stresses are minimized in the heat exchanger. Cumulatively, the jacket of the heat exchanger can also be made of a material corresponding to the heat exchanger head plate 3020 or the tubes. The tube seats 3024 may, for example, be made with a fit, so that the tubes mounted in these tube seats 3024 are press fit.

Alternatively, the tube seats 3024 may be made to realize a clearance fit or transition fit. Thus, an assembly of the tubes in the tube seats 3024 by a cohesive instead of a frictional connection can be made. In this case, the material bond is preferably accomplished by welding or soldering, wherein a material corresponding to the heat exchanger head plate 3020 or the tubes is used as solder or welding material. This also has the advantage that heat stresses in the tube seats 3024 can be minimized by homogeneous coefficients of thermal expansion.

[258] It is also possible with this solution to mount tubes in the tube seats 3024 by means of a press fit and additionally to solder or weld them. By this type of assembly and a tightness of the heat exchanger can be ensured, if different materials for the tubes ¬ heat exchanger and the head plate 3020 are used, since there is a possibility that due to the very high temperatures occurring above 1000 ⁰ C, a sole use of a Press fit may fail due to different thermal expansion coefficients.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a gas exchange valve 1401 with a valve spring 1411 and a baffle spring 1412. The gas exchange valve 1401 is designed as an automatically opening valve without cam control, which opens at a given pressure difference, the cylinder internal pressure being lower during a suction process of the cylinder is the pressure in the intake passage from which the corresponding cylinder sucks in a fuel. The gas exchange valve 1401 is preferably used as an inlet valve in the compressor stage use. The valve spring 1411 in this case provides a closing force on the gas Change valve 1401 available, by means of which the opening time can be determined by the configuration of the valve spring 1411. The valve spring 1411, which surrounds the valve stem 1404 of the gas exchange valve 1401, in this case sits in a valve guide 1405 and is supported on the valve spring plate 1413. The valve spring plate 1413 in turn is secured with at least two wedge pieces 1414 positively on the valve stem 1404 of the gas exchange valve 1401.

The design of the valve spring 1411, wherein this valve spring 1411 is just designed so that opening of the gas exchange valve 1401 takes place even at low pressure differences, may cause the gas exchange valve 1401 to accelerate so much under certain operating conditions the valve plate 1402 applied pressure difference occurs, which leads to excessive opening of the gas exchange valve 1401 beyond the set valve lift addition.

When the gas exchange valve 1402 is opened on its valve seat 1403, the valve disk 1402 releases a flow cross-section which, from a certain valve lift, does not increase significantly any further. The maximum flow area at valve seat 1403 is typically defined across the diameter of valve disk 1402. The stroke of the gas exchange valve 1401 at maximum flow cross-section corresponds approximately to a quarter of the diameter of the valve disk 1402 at its inner valve seat. When the valve lift or the calculated valve lift is exceeded at the maximum flow cross section, on the one hand there is no further substantial increase in the air mass flow at the flow cross section between the valve seat 1403 and the valve disk 1402 and, on the other hand, it is possible for the valve spring plunger 1413 to engage with a stationary component of the cylinder head, Here, for example, the valve spring guide 1406, come into contact and thus the valve spring plate 1413 or the valve spring guide 1406 are destroyed. [263] In order to prevent or limit this excessive opening of the gas exchange valve 1401, the valve spring plate 1403 comes to lie on the impact spring 1412, whereby the total spring force, consisting of the valve spring 1411 and the impact spring 1412, increases abruptly and the gas exchange valve 1402 subject to a strong delay. The stiffness of the baffle spring 1412 is selected in this embodiment so that at a maximum opening Geschwindigkeit of the gas exchange valve 1401, the gas exchange valve 1401 is just so much delayed by resting on the bounce spring 1412 that no contact between moving components of the valve group, such as the valve spring plate 1413, and fixed components, such as the valve spring guide 1406, comes about. [264] The spring force applied in two stages in this embodiment further has the advantage that during the closing process of the gas exchange valve 1401, this gas exchange valve 1401 is not accelerated excessively in the opposite direction and does not bounce in the valve seat 1403 at an excessive speed in the valve disk 1402, since the For opening and closing the gas exchange valve 1401 competent valve spring 1411 is just designed so that it does not provide excessively high spring forces.

[265] A further schematic sectional illustration of a gas exchange valve 1401 with a valve spring 1411 and a baffle spring 1412 is shown in FIG. 11, in which a two-piece valve spring plate 1413 is used in conjunction with a support ring 1415. In this embodiment, the split valve spring plate 1413 is brought into contact with the valve stem 1404 without the use of conical pieces 1414, where it positively receives the spring forces of the valve spring 1411 and the impact spring 1412. The support ring 1415 on the one hand represents a captive safety device and on the other hand the support ring 1415 absorbs forces in the radial direction, as seen from the axis of the valve stem. A retaining ring 1416 in turn secures the support ring 1415 from falling out. [266] In order to continue to achieve rapid opening and closing of the gas exchange valve, gas exchange valves 1401 according to this embodiment, ie when used in the compressor stage and as an automatically opening valve, are made of a light metal. The lower inertia of a gas exchange valve 1402 made of light metal favors here the fast opening but also the fast and gentle closing of the gas exchange valve 1401. Also protected by the low inertia of the valve seat 1403, since the gas exchange valve 1401 in this embodiment, no excessive kinetic energy Placing in the valve seat 1403 releases. The gas exchange valve 1401 shown is preferably made of Dural, a high strength aluminum alloy, whereby the gas exchange valve 1401 has a sufficiently high strength despite its low density. Bezu | jszeichenliste:

201 Axial piston motor 420 working cylinder

205 housing body 425 exhaust duct

210 combustion chamber 427 outlet

5 215 firing channel 35 430 working piston

220 power cylinder 435 connecting rod

225 Exhaust duct 440 Curved track

227 Outlet 441 Output shaft

230 working piston 442 spacers

10 235 connecting rod 40 450 compressor pistons

240 Curved track 455 Pressure line

241 Output shaft 456 Ring channel

242 spacer 457 supply line

250 compressor pistons 460 compressor cylinders

15 255 Pressure line 45 470 Heat exchanger

257 Supply line 480 Fuel storage

260 Compressor cylinder 481 Storage line

270 heat exchanger 485 valve

20 _, 301 Axial piston motor 50 501 Axial piston motor

305 Housing body 502 Main burn direction

310 combustion chamber 503 symmetry axis

315 Shot channel 504 Combustion air supply

320 working cylinder 505 housing body

25 325 exhaust duct 55 506 ceramic assembly

370 heat exchanger 507 ceramic combustion chamber wall

508 profiled tube

401 Axial piston motor 509 Cooling air chamber

405 housing body 510 combustion chamber

30 410 Combustion chamber 60 511 Main jet

415 firing channel 512 processing nozzle 513 conical chamber 560 compressor cylinder

514 cylindrical chamber 592 antechamber temperature sensor

515 Shot channel 35 593 Exhaust gas temperature sensor

516 first beam direction

5 517 Pre-burner 1302 Main burn direction

518 main burner 1303 symmetry axis

519 further beam direction 1306 ceramic assembly

520 working cylinder 40 1307 ceramic combustion chamber wall

521 Process air supply 1308 profiled steel pipe

10 522 additional combustion air supply 1309A water chamber

523 hole ring 1309D ring channel

524 Cooling air chamber feed 1309E Ring channel

525 exhaust duct 45 1309F duct

526 combustion chamber 1314 cylindrical chamber

15 530 working piston 1315 firing channel

531 Control piston 1315A Symmetry axis of the firing channel

532 Control piston cover 1315B Longitudinal axis of the control piston

533 Spool cam 50 1320 Power cylinder

534 Spacer 1326 combustion chamber

20 535 connecting rod 1330 working piston

536 spigot wheels 1331 Control spool

537 Drive cam carrier 1332A guide surface

538 Water cooling 55 1332B Impact surface

539 Shot Channel Ring 1332D Shank Sealing Surface

25 540 Curved track 1332E Guidance sealing surface

541 Output shaft 1333 Spherical cam track

543 lifting movement 1334 cooling chamber

545 internal cooling channels 60 1345 internal cooling channels

546 central cooling channels 1348 combustion chamber floor

30 547 outer cooling channels 1361 Pressure oil circuit

548 combustion chamber bottom 1362 control piston oil chamber

550 Compressor piston 1363 Control piston seal 1364 Control chamber 2021 Pressure oil pump

1365 first control chamber seal 2022 pressure oil sump

1366 second control chamber seal 2023 control chamber

1367 Sealing sleeve 2024 Control line oil level

5 30 2025 second supply line

1401 Gas exchange valve 2026 Balancing valve

1402 valve plate 2027 return valve

1403 valve seat 2028 oil separator

1404 Valve stem 2029 return

10 1405 Valve guide 35 2030 Pressure line

1406 Valve spring guide 2031 Oil return

1411 valve spring 2032 first inlet

1412 Impact spring 2033 second inlet

1413 valve spring plate 2034 common inlet

15 1414 Cone piece 40 2035 inlet

1415 Support ring 2036 Control line

1416 Circlip 3020 Heat exchanger head plate

3021 flange

2001 Oil circuit 3022 mounting hole

20 2002 Engine oil circuit 45 3023 Die

2003 Pressure oil circuit 3024 Pipe seat

2011 compressor stage

2012 engine oil sump

2015 pressure pipe

25 2016 charging valve

Claims

claims:

1. Axial piston engine with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder gelei- tet, the fuel flow controlled from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder via at least one control piston is driven by a timing drive, characterized in that the control piston is acted upon in addition to the force applied by the timing drive on its side facing away from the combustion chamber with a combustion chamber pressure counteracting compensation force.

2. Axial piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensation force is applied mechanically, for example via springs.

3. Axial piston engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compensation force is applied hydraulically, for example via an oil pressure.

4. Axial piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensation force is applied pneumatically, in particular via the compressor pressure.

5. axial piston motor with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder gelei- tet, the fuel flow from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder controlled by at least one control piston is, which is driven by a timing drive, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston is arranged in a pressure chamber.

6. Axial piston engine with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder is passed, the fuel flow from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder controlled by at least one control piston which is driven by a tax drive is, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control drive comprises a control shaft which drives the control piston and cooperates with a shaft seal, which is acted on the one hand with compressor pressure.

7. Axial piston engine with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel is passed from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder, wherein the fuel flow from the combustion chamber is controlled to the working cylinder via at least one control piston, is driven by a timing drive, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston is wetted with oil, wherein the control piston wetting oil is guided in a separate oil circuit.

8. Axial piston engine according to claim 7, characterized by a main oil circuit for lubrication and / or cooling of assemblies of the axial piston motor, which is separated from the separate oil circuit.

9. Axial piston engine according to claim 8, characterized by an open and closable connection between the main oil circuit and the separate oil circuit.

10. Axial piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston is injection-cooled.

11. Axial piston engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the spray cooling takes place via oil.

12. Axial piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an oil scraper is provided on the control piston.

13. Axial piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one

Combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the Expanderstufe, with at least one acted upon combustion chamber pressure component and with an oil circuit for Lubrication, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oil circuit has an engine circuit and a pressure oil circuit with a pressure level different from the engine oil circuit.

14. Axial piston engine according to claim 13, characterized in that the pressure level of the pressure oil circuit corresponds to the combustion chamber pressure.

15. Axial piston engine according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the pressure level of the pressure oil circuit corresponds to a compressor pressure.

16 axial piston motor according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the pressure oil circuit at a full load of the axial piston motor has a pressure level greater than 20 bar,

17. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the pressure oil circuit at a partial load of the axial piston motor has a pressure level between 5 bar and 20 bar.

18. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the pressure oil circuit at an idling of the axial piston and / or at a standstill of the axial piston motor has a pressure level below 5 bar.

19. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the engine oil circuit has an engine oil sump and an engine oil pump and the pressure oil circuit has a pressure oil sump and a pressure oil pump.

20. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the pressure oil sump comprises means for detecting an oil level.

21. Axial piston engine according to claim 20, characterized in that the determined by the means for detecting an oil level oil level of the pressure oil sump is a minimum and / or a maximum oil level.

22. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that at least one control chamber is part of the pressure oil circuit.

23. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 22, characterized in that the pressure oil circuit is connected via a charging line with at least one cylinder of the compressor stage.

24. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 23, characterized in that between at least one cylinder of the compressor stage and the pressure oil circuit a

Loading valve is arranged.

25. Axial piston engine according to claim 24, characterized in that the charging valve is operatively connected to the compressor stage and has a control device with means for switching.

26. Axial piston engine according to any one of claims 24 or 25, characterized in that the charging valve at a boost pressure of 5 bar, more preferably 10 bar, most preferably switches 30 bar.

27. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the charging valve is a check valve.

28. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 24 to 27, characterized in that between the charging valve and the pressure oil circuit, an oil separator is arranged.

29. Axial piston engine according to claim 28, characterized in that a drain of the oil separator is connected to the pressure oil sump.

30. axial piston motor according to one of claims 24 to 29, characterized in that between the charging valve and the pressure oil circuit, a water separator is arranged.

31. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 30, characterized in that between the pressure oil sump and the pressure oil pump and between the engine oil sump and the pressure oil pump, a compensation valve is arranged.

32. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 13 to 31, characterized in that between the pressure oil sump and the pressure oil pump and between the engine oil pump and the pressure oil pump, a compensation valve is arranged.

33. Axial piston engine according to any one of claims 31 or 32, characterized in that the compensation valve is operatively connected to the means for detecting an oil level.

34. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that the compensation valve is operatively connected to a control device.

35. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 31 to 34, characterized in that the compensation valve connects the pressure oil sump in a first operating state with the pressure oil pump and in a second operating state, the engine oil sump or the engine oil pump connects to the pressure oil pump.

36. Axial piston engine according to claim 35, characterized in that the first operating state corresponds to the partial load and / or the full load of the axial piston motor and the second

Operating state corresponds to the idling and / or a standstill of the axial piston motor.

37. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 31 to 36, characterized in that between the engine oil sump and the compensation valve or between the engine oil pump and the compensation valve designed as a check valve return valve is arranged.

38. Axial piston engine according to claim 37, characterized in that the return valve has a flow direction from the engine oil circuit to the pressure oil circuit.

39. Axial piston engine with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line, through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder is passed, wherein the fuel flow from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder controlled by at least one control piston is, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston is formed on the combustion chamber side of iron or steel.

40. Axial piston engine according to claim 39, characterized in that the entire control piston is formed of iron or steel.

41. Axial piston engine according to claim 39, characterized in that the control piston is otherwise formed of aluminum.

42. Axial piston engine with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder is passed, the fuel flow from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder controlled by at least one control piston is, which is driven by a timing drive, in particular also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston has a filled with a liquid metal at the operating temperature of the Axialkolbenmotors cavity or filled with a liquid metal at the operating temperature of the axial piston motor cavity.

43. Axial piston engine according to claim 42, characterized in that the metal or the metal alloy has at least sodium.

44. Axial piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one

Combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the Expanderstufe, with at least one control piston and a channel between the combustion chamber and the Expanderstufe, the control piston and the channel having a released by a movement of the control piston flow cross-section having a main flow direction, in particular according to one of the preceding claims , characterized in that the

Control piston has a guide surface parallel to the main flow direction.

45. Axial piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, with at least one control piston and a channel between the combustion chamber and the expander stage, wherein the control piston and the channel having a released by a movement of the control piston flow cross-section having a main flow direction, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston has a baffle perpendicular to the main flow direction.

46. Axial piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, with at least one control piston and a channel between the combustion chamber and the expander stage, wherein the control piston and the channel having a released by a movement of the control piston flow cross-section and the movement of the control piston along a longitudinal axis of the control piston takes place, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston has a guide surface at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the control piston.

47. Axial piston engine comprising a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the Expanderstufe, with at least one control piston and a channel between the combustion chamber and the Expanderstufe, the control piston and the channel have a released by a movement of the control piston flow cross-section and the movement of the control piston along a longitudinal axis of the control piston takes place, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston has a baffle at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the control piston.

48. axial piston motor according to claims 44 to 47, characterized in that the guide surface and / or the baffle surface is a flat surface, a spherical surface, a cylindrical surface or a conical surface.

49. Axial piston engine according to claims 44 to 48, characterized in that the axial piston between the combustion chamber and the expander stage has a Leitfläche- sealing surface, wherein the Leitflächendichtfläche is formed parallel to the guide surface and cooperates in a top dead center of the control piston with the guide surface.

50. Axial piston engine according to claim 49, characterized in that the guide surface sealing surface on the channel side merges into a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the control piston.

51. Axial piston engine according to claims 44 to 50, characterized in that the axial piston between the combustion chamber and the expander stage has a shaft sealing surface, wherein the shaft sealing surface is formed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the control piston and cooperates with a surface of a shaft of the control piston.

52. Axial piston engine according to claims 44 to 51, characterized in that the guide surface, the baffle surface, the Leitflächendichtfläche, the shaft sealing surface and / or the surface of the shaft of the control piston have a mirrored surface.

53. Axial piston engine with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel is passed from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder, wherein the fuel stream from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder via at least one control piston is controlled, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one combustion chamber-side surface of the control piston is mirrored.

54. Axial piston engine with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and with at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel is passed from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber having a combustion chamber bottom of mirrored metal.

55. Axial piston engine with at least one working cylinder, which is fed from a continuously operating combustion chamber, in particular also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber has two combustion air inputs.

56. Axial piston engine according to claim 55, characterized in that the two combustion air inputs are designed for different tempered combustion air.

57. Axial piston engine according to claim 56, characterized in that a first combustion air inlet of combustion air in front of a heat exchanger and a second combustion air inlet of combustion air is fed behind this or another heat exchanger.

58. Axial piston engine with at least one working cylinder which is fed from a continuously operating combustion chamber and which has an exhaust gas outlet, in particular also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a combustion chamber temperature sensor for determining the temperature in the combustion chamber.

59. Axial piston engine according to claim 58, characterized in that the combustion chamber temperature sensor measures a flame temperature in the combustion chamber.

60. Axial piston engine according to claim 58 or 59, characterized by a combustion chamber control, which comprises the combustion chamber temperature sensor as an input sensor and the combustion chamber controls such that the combustion chamber temperature between 1000 ⁰ C and 1500 ⁰ C.

61. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 58 to 60, characterized by an exhaust gas temperature sensor for determining the exhaust gas temperature.

62. Axial piston engine according to claim 61, characterized in that the combustion chamber control comprises the exhaust gas temperature sensor as an input sensor and the combustion chamber controls such that the exhaust gas temperature is in an operating condition between 850 ⁰ C and 1200 ⁰ C.

63. Axial piston engine according to claim 62, characterized in that the operating state is an idling,

64. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 58 to 63, characterized in that the combustion chamber temperature sensor is a Vorbrennkammertemperatursensor.

65. Axial piston engine with at least one working cylinder which is fed from a continuously operating combustion chamber, in particular also according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized by a combustion chamber control, which includes a water application in the combustion chamber.

66. Axial piston engine according to claim 65, characterized in that the water application is provided independently of a water application in or in front of a fuel compressor.

67. Axial piston engine according to claim 65 or 66, characterized in that the water application takes place in a pre-combustion chamber.

68. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 65 to 67, characterized in that the water application takes place in a main combustion chamber.

69. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 65 to 68, characterized in that the water application is used to control an exhaust gas temperature.

70. An axial-piston engine having a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage and with at least one heat exchanger, the heat-absorbing part of the heat exchanger being arranged between the compressor stage and the combustion chamber, and the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger is arranged between the expander stage and an environment, in particular also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-absorbing and / or the heat-emitting part of the heat transfer downstream and / or upstream means for discharging at least one fluid ,

71. Axial piston engine according to claim 70, characterized in that the fluid is water and / or fuel.

72. Axial piston engine according to claim 70 or 71, characterized in that in the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger or downstream of the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger, a water separator is arranged.

73. Axial piston engine with a fuel supply and an exhaust gas discharge, which are coupled heat-exchanging with each other, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least two heat exchangers.

74. Axial piston engine according to claim 73, characterized in that the heat exchangers are arranged axially.

75. Axial piston engine according to claim 73 or 74, characterized by at least four pistons, wherein the exhaust gases are passed at least two adjacent pistons in each case a heat exchanger.

76. Axial piston engine according to one of claims 73 to 75, characterized in that the exhaust gases of three pistons are passed into a common heat exchanger.

77. Axial piston engine according to claim 73 or 74, characterized by at least two pistons, wherein the exhaust gases of each piston are passed in each case a heat exchanger.

78. Axial piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and with at least one

Combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, in particular also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressor stage has a different from the expander stage stroke volume.

79. Axial piston engine according to claim 78, characterized in that the stroke volume of the compressor stage is smaller than the stroke volume of the expander stage.

80. Axial piston engine according to claims 78 or 79, characterized in that a Einzelhubvolumen at least one cylinder of the compressor stage is smaller than the Einzelhubvolumen at least one cylinder of the Expanderstufe.

81. Axial piston engine according to claims 78 to 80, characterized in that the number of cylinders of the compressor stage is equal to or less than the number of cylinders of the expander stage.

82. Axial piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, in particular also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one cylinder of the compressor stage at least one gas exchange valve made of a light metal.

83. Axial piston engine according to claim 82, characterized in that the light metal is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular Dural.

84. Axial piston engine according to claim 82 or 83, characterized in that the gas exchange valve is an inlet valve.

85. Axial piston engine with at least one compressor cylinder, with at least one working cylinder and at least one pressure line through which compressed fuel from the compressor cylinder via a combustion chamber to the working cylinder is passed, wherein the fuel flow from the combustion chamber to the working cylinder through a firing channel via at least one control piston is controlled, which is driven by a timing drive opens and closes the firing channel, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control piston has different opening and closing times.

86. Axial piston engine according to claim 85, characterized in that the control piston is closed faster than opened.

87. Axial piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, wherein the axial piston motor comprises an oscillating and a flow cross-section releasing gas exchange valve and the gas exchange valve this flow cross-section by means of a Closing to the gas exchange valve spring force of the valve spring closes, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas exchange valve has an impact spring.

88. Axial piston engine according to claim 87, characterized in that the impact spring has a smaller spring length than a spring length of the valve spring.

89. Axial piston engine according to claim 88, characterized in that the spring length of the impact spring corresponds to a valve lift of the gas exchange valve reduced spring length of the valve spring.

90. Axial piston engine according to claims 87 to 89, characterized in that the spring length of the impact spring corresponds to an increased by a spring travel of the bounce height of a valve guide.

91. Axial piston engine according to claims 87 to 90, characterized in that the impact spring on reaching the spring travel of the baffle spring has a potential energy which corresponds to the maximum operational kinetic energy of the gas exchange valve at a release of the flow cross-section.

92. A method for operating an axial-piston engine with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and

Expander stage, wherein a fuel flow from the combustion chamber is controlled under combustion chamber pressure to the cylinder of Expanderstufe via at least one control piston and the axial piston motor has an oil circuit for lubrication, characterized in that the oil circuit is divided into a motor oil circuit and in a Druckölkreis- run and acted upon combustion chamber pressure Components of the axial piston motor are lubricated by the pressure oil circuit.

93. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to claim 92, characterized in that the combustion chamber pressure acting on the control piston is compensated by an existing in a control chamber and the combustion chamber pressure corresponding pressure level.

94. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to claims 92 or 93, characterized in that the combustion chamber pressure corresponding pressure level is provided in the control chamber through the compressor stage.

95. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to one of claims 92 to 94, characterized in that falls below a minimum oil level in a pressure oil sump, the pressure oil circuit is filled with oil from the engine oil circuit.

96. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to one of claims 92 to 95, characterized in that the pressure oil circuit is connected to the engine oil circuit at idle and / or at standstill of the axial piston motor.

97. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to one of claims 92 to 96, characterized in that the pressure oil circuit is connected to the engine oil circuit at a pressure difference of less than 5 bar between the pressure oil circuit and the engine oil circuit.

98. A method for operating an axial piston motor with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder, with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage and with at least one heat exchanger, wherein the heat-absorbing part of the heat exchanger between the compressor stage and the Combustion chamber is arranged and the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger between the Expanderstufe and an environment is arranged, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one fluid flowing through the heat exchanger fuel stream and / or flowing through the heat exchanger exhaust stream is abandoned.

99. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to claim 98, characterized in that water and / or fuel are abandoned.

100. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to claim 98 or 99, characterized in that the fluid is fed downstream and / or upstream of the heat exchanger.

101. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to one of claims 98 to 100, characterized in that separated water is given up again to the fuel stream and / or the exhaust gas stream.

102. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to one of claims 98 to 101, characterized in that the task of water and / or fuel at a defined time before a stop of the axial piston motor is stopped and the axial piston motor to a stop without a task of water and / or fuel is operated.

103. A method for operating an axial piston motor with a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder, with an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and with at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, in particular also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a combustion agent during expansion in the expander stage is expanded at a greater pressure ratio than a pressure ratio present during compression in the compressor stage.

104. A method for operating an axial piston motor according to claim 103, characterized in that the fuel in the expander stage is expanded approximately to an ambient pressure.

105. A method for producing a heat exchanger of an axial piston motor, which comprises a compressor stage comprising at least one cylinder and an expander stage comprising at least one cylinder and at least one combustion chamber between the compressor stage and the expander stage, wherein the heat-absorbing portion of the heat exchanger between the compressor stage and the combustion chamber is arranged and the heat-emitting part of the heat exchanger is arranged between the expander stage and an environment, and with at least one wall of a pipe delimiting the heat-emitting part from the heat-absorbing part of the heat exchanger for separating two streams, in particular also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized the pipe is arranged in at least one die consisting of a material corresponding to the pipe and is connected in a material-locking and / or force-locking manner to this die.

106. A method for producing a heat exchanger according to claim 105, characterized in that the material connection between the tube and the matrix is carried out by welding or soldering.

107. A method for producing a heat exchanger according to claims 105 or 106, characterized in that the adhesion between the tube and the matrix is effected by shrinkage.