EP2452187A1 - Device for measuring at least one property of water - Google Patents
Device for measuring at least one property of waterInfo
- Publication number
- EP2452187A1 EP2452187A1 EP10727448A EP10727448A EP2452187A1 EP 2452187 A1 EP2452187 A1 EP 2452187A1 EP 10727448 A EP10727448 A EP 10727448A EP 10727448 A EP10727448 A EP 10727448A EP 2452187 A1 EP2452187 A1 EP 2452187A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensors
- chlorine
- water
- measuring
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1886—Water using probes, e.g. submersible probes, buoys
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/4166—Systems measuring a particular property of an electrolyte
- G01N27/4168—Oxidation-reduction potential, e.g. for chlorination of water
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of techniques for measuring physico-chemical parameters.
- the invention finds in particular, but not exclusively, its application in the context of production channels and / or drinking water distribution networks, especially for food use. It is also applicable for example in the field of pool water treatment, spa, jacuzzis, industrial process, fish farming, wastewater, desalinated water, ballast water for navigation. ..
- the invention relates to the design and manufacture of probes and online measurement methods of several key parameters representative of water quality, and the state of the water distribution network and these equipment, including chlorine content and water pressure.
- the measurement of the chlorine present in a water makes it possible to give a relatively precise indication of the quality of this water.
- the chlorine content of the distributed drinking water must be low enough not to affect its taste qualities but important enough to ensure that bacterial growth is not observed.
- the quality of the water, treated or to be treated is commonly monitored in order to verify the effectiveness of the treatment and / or to optimize the treatment of the water according to the conditions of farms.
- Probes are generally used to measure physicochemical parameters that are representative of the quality of the water, especially treated water.
- probes comprising a large number of sensors, generally greater than ten, which allow the collection of a multitude of information representative of the quality of a treated water.
- These probes generally include a chlorine sensor.
- the type of chlorine sensor used requires, in order to determine the chlorine content of the water analyzed, to measure its pH.
- PH sensors contain an electrolyte.
- the quantity of this electrolyte decreases steadily as the pH sensor is used.
- a pH sensor generally has a lifetime of less than or equal to six months.
- the MESM 2405 probe marketed by Silsens is known.
- This sensor includes a chlorine sensor and a temperature sensor.
- This probe implements an amperometric chlorine sensor.
- This type of sensor does not require measuring the pH of the water to determine the chlorine content. Thus the measurement of the chlorine content of the water can be obtained without using a pH sensor.
- Such a probe is intended to be integrated in a water analyzer.
- a water analyzer is typically deported from the water distribution network. It is connected to a diversion network that allows sampling water to be taken from the water distribution system for analysis. It is also connected to a sampling water evacuation network.
- This probe is therefore relatively complex to implement. In particular, it does not make it possible to carry out a control, in situ, of the quality of a water. Nor can it be implemented directly on a user's drinking water distribution network.
- the object of the invention is to improve amperometric chlorine sensor probes and methods for measuring the quality of water using such probes.
- an objective of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a technique that makes it possible to measure several parameters, in particular of at least one parameter representative of the quality of a water, by means of a multi sensor sensor.
- Another object of the invention is to implement, in at least one embodiment, such a technique that requires little maintenance.
- the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a technique that can be implemented in a limited space.
- an objective of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a technique that can measure the quality of a water in situ, such as directly on a drinking water distribution network.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a technique which is reliable.
- a device for measuring at least one property a water comprising means for measuring the concentration of active chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid HOCl of said water, said means for measuring the concentration of chlorine comprising a first and a second amperometric chlorine sensor each delivering a signal, said two amperometric chlorine sensors having a single common reference electrode and being connected to a double potentiostat,
- said device comprising means for simultaneous implementation of said first and said second amperometric sensors
- said device further comprising means for measuring a difference between the signals delivered by said two sensors.
- said monitoring step comprising a step of monitoring the operating state of said sensors, said monitoring step comprising:
- a step of determining the difference between said first and second information representative of said concentration a step of comparing the value of said difference with at least one reference value.
- the invention is based on an innovative approach which consists in controlling the quality of a water by measuring its concentration of active chlorine and monitoring the operating status of the amperometric chlorine sensors implemented for this purpose.
- the monitoring consists more precisely of carrying out a double measurement of the chlorine concentration by means of two different amperometric sensors and of determining the difference between the two measurements in order to detect a malfunction of at least one of the sensors.
- the detection of a malfunction of the sensors is an indication of their age, which makes it possible to make the decision to replace them.
- the two chlorine sensors allow a double measurement that can be further analyzed:
- the technique according to the invention thus makes it possible to make maximum use of the chlorine sensors.
- the chlorine sensors have a variable life span.
- chlorine sensors are implemented for a period of time corresponding to their minimum service life so as to always be certain to use a sensor in working order.
- the chlorine sensors are thus regularly changed. Their replacement can take place while they are still in working order. This requires frequent intervention at the sensor level and generates additional operating costs.
- amperometric chlorine sensors are coupled to a dual potentiostat and share a reference electrode in common has advantages.
- the fact, according to the invention, to limit the number of components reduces the operating uncertainties and reduce the size of the device while improving its quality.
- the implementation of a reference electrode common to the two amperometric chlorine sensors makes it possible to guarantee that the reference potential applied between the electrode of common reference to the two amperometric sensors and the working electrode of each of these sensors is identical.
- This implementation thus makes it possible to limit the sources of malfunction of the amperometric sensors.
- a device according to the invention preferably comprises a sensor for measuring the pressure of said water.
- the value of the water pressure gives an indication as to the quality of the measurement of the chlorine concentration by means of an amperometric sensor. Indeed, the water pressure is an interference that may disrupt the measurement of chlorine by amperometric techniques. A sudden change in pressure, for example due to a pipe break or a water hammer, is likely to cause errors in the measurement of the chlorine concentration.
- the measurement of the pressure, associated with the measurement of the concentration of chlorine can then make it possible to ensure that the value of the measured chlorine concentration is in conformity with reality and not distorted by a sudden change in pressure.
- This implementation thus makes it possible to avoid the nuisance tripping of alarms.
- a device according to the invention comprises means for measuring the conductivity of said water.
- the value of the conductivity of the water gives an indication of the level of fouling of the device. This indication makes it possible to evaluate the quality of the measurement of the chlorine concentration by means of an amperometric sensor.
- said means for measuring the conductivity of the water comprise a four-electrode conductivity sensor.
- the measurement of the conductivity of the water makes it possible to determine the contact resistance between the electrodes of the conductivity sensor and the water.
- the fouling of a device according to the invention is correlated to the fouling of the conductivity sensor which is itself correlated to the contact resistance.
- the conductivity sensor is declared "dirty" when the resistance of the contact of the measuring terminals of this conductivity reaches a limit value.
- the conductivity sensor is considered “clean” when the value of the contact resistance (RC) is approximately equal to twice the value of the shunt resistor (RS).
- the maximum fouling (100%) is defined when the value of the contact resistance (RC) is greater than or equal to three times the shunt resistance (RS).
- the measurement of the conductivity, from the measurement of the contact resistance has the advantage of not having a saturation effect. In other words, it is possible to know precisely the contact resistance in both high and low scales of values.
- said amperometric chlorine sensors are sensors operating with a low frequency signal
- said conductivity sensor is a sensor operating with a high frequency signal
- the chlorine and conductivity sensors are thus decoupled in frequency.
- the signals delivered by the chlorine sensors and those delivered by the conductivity sensor do not disturb each other. This improves the quality of the device.
- a device according to the invention comprises a sensor for measuring the temperature of said water.
- the temperature measurement makes it possible to correct the electrical signal related to a variation of the electrochemical kinetics.
- the reaction mechanisms that lead to the measurement of the concentration are dependent on the temperature and follow most often the law of Arrhenius.
- Arrhenius the law of Arrhenius.
- a device comprises means for processing the data delivered by said sensors, and means for transmitting files and / or by radio of said processed data.
- a device according to the invention can thus make it possible to remotely transmit the data delivered by the sensors. This data can be analyzed remotely.
- the device thus comprises only means of processing (filtration, amplification) and transmission of these data, the analysis means being deported.
- a device according to the invention thus has a small footprint. Its power consumption is also reduced which limits the frequency of maintenance phases. All this contributes to facilitating the implementation of a device according to the invention. In particular, such a device can be implemented directly on a user's drinking water distribution network.
- a device according to the invention comprises:
- a body housing said double potentiostat, a voltage source, said processing means, and said transmission means; a removable head to which is attached a printed circuit board on which said sensors are mounted;
- said removable head being adapted to be disengaged from said body.
- the removable head can be easily replaced, including by a non-technician, for example the user himself.
- Said processing means preferably comprise means for measuring and memorizing the maximum, minimum and average values of the data delivered by said sensors.
- the invention also relates to a method for measuring at least one physicochemical parameter of water which comprises a control step.
- said control step comprises a step of monitoring the level of fouling of said device, said step of monitoring the level of fouling comprising a step of measuring the level of fouling. conductivity of said water.
- said control step comprises a step of measuring the pressure of said water.
- the amperometric measuring device is immersed in an electrolyte and is separated from the liquid to be analyzed by a selective membrane that only allows the active chlorine to pass into the electrolyte.
- This device has the following disadvantage: the flow of chlorine through the membrane is a function of the pressure difference between the downstream and the upstream of the membrane.
- the pressure changes upstream of the sensor modify the flow of active chlorine, which leads to a variation in the concentration of chlorine perceived by the sensor if it does not hold. account of the pressure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 1 illustrates the coupling of two amperometric chlorine sensors
- Figure 3 illustrates the mounting of a four electrode conductivity sensor
- FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates power supply diagrams of the sensors of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates diagrams of the periods of analysis of the data delivered by the sensors of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of the principle of analysis of the signals delivered by the chlorine sensors.
- the general principle of the invention is based on an innovative approach which consists in controlling the quality of a water by measuring its concentration of active chlorine and monitoring the operating state of amperometric chlorine sensors implemented for this purpose.
- the monitoring consists more precisely in carrying out a double measurement of the chlorine concentration by means of two different amperometric chlorine sensors and in determining the difference between the two measurements in order to detect a malfunction of at least one of the sensors.
- the detection of a malfunction of the sensors is an indication of their age that makes the decision to replace them.
- the technique according to the invention makes it possible to make maximum use of the chlorine sensors. It thus makes it possible in particular to reduce the frequency of the maintenance campaigns and to increase accordingly the service life of a measuring device according to the invention.
- the dual measurement of active chlorine can also be associated with the measurement of conductivity and / or pressure in order to control the quality of the measurement of the chlorine concentration.
- the amperometric chlorine sensors are coupled to a double potentiostat and share a reference electrode in common, which makes it possible to reduce the operating uncertainties and to reduce the size of the measuring device while improving its quality.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 an embodiment of a measuring device according to the invention is presented.
- Such a device comprises a tubular hollow body 10 having an open end 11.
- a threaded portion 12 extends from the open end 11 on a portion of the inner contour of the tubular body 10.
- An electronic card 13 is housed inside the tubular hollow body 10.
- a removable head 14 is provided to be reversibly secured to the tubular body 10. It thus has at one of its ends a threaded portion 15 of complementary shape to the threaded portion 12.
- a flat printed circuit 16 is secured to the other end of the removable head 14.
- a plurality of sensors is mounted directly on this printed circuit 16 by a so-called COB (chip-on-board) technique.
- the printed circuit board 16 carries a pressure sensor 161, a temperature sensor 162, a conductivity sensor 163, and two amperometric sensors 164 of active chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid HOCl.
- Amperometric chlorine sensors are three-electrode sensors well known to those skilled in the art. They comprise a working electrode 212, a reference electrode 25 and an auxiliary electrode 211.
- the three electrodes of each of the two chlorine sensors are connected to a common supply and polarization circuit, hereinafter referred to as a double potentiostat, which keeps the potential of the working electrode of each chlorine sensor constant.
- the double potentiostat makes it possible to deliver a constant current between the reference electrode and the working electrode of each sensor.
- This current reduces the chlorine present in the water in which the sensor is immersed. Reduction of chlorine causes a current to flow between the working electrode and the auxiliary electrode of each chlorine sensor. This current is proportional to the concentration of active chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid in the analyzed water.
- the two chlorine sensors 21, 22 are coupled together to a dual potentiostat.
- the dual potentiostat comprises a single operational amplifier mounted as a comparator. Indeed, it is a single potentiostat that feeds the two working electrodes 212 through resistors (ten kilo ohms in this case). embodiment) and the reference electrode 25. It is associated with two integration chains of the current flowing in the two auxiliary electrodes 211, this current being proportional to the active chlorine concentration of the water analyzed. 23 receives on a first input a reference voltage 24 and on a second input a voltage signal from the reference electrode 25, and delivers an output signal which is applied to the working electrode 212 of each sensor chlorine. These resistors, the value of which is equal to 10 kilo ohms in this embodiment, make it possible to limit the current and to avoid overvoltages in the electrodes.
- Each chlorine sensor also includes an auxiliary electrode
- the current is measured to determine the concentration of active chlorine.
- the conductivity sensor is a four electrode sensor well known to those skilled in the art. It is not described in detail later.
- such a conductivity sensor comprises two external electrodes and two internal electrodes. Its operating principle consists in applying, between two external electrodes, an alternating voltage, then measuring a voltage across the two internal electrodes.
- a conductivity sensor works as follows: a high-frequency alternating voltage generator, for example one kilohertz, generates, through two RS measurement resistors, called shunt resistances, a current between two electrodes of injection RI placed in an aqueous medium. After demodulation at the same frequency of one kilohertz, the voltage at the terminals of the shunt resistors RS whose value is known, and the voltage across the measuring electrodes R1, are measured. The conductivity of the water between the measuring terminals RI and the equivalent contact resistance RC can then be calculated. Note that the higher the value of the contact resistance RC to the aqueous medium, the higher the level of fouling of the device is important. Pressure and temperature sensors are conventional sensors well known to those skilled in the art. They are therefore not described in detail later.
- Electrical connectors are mounted on the printed circuit 16. These connectors are provided to cooperate with complementary shaped connectors mounted on the electronic card 13, when the removable head 14 is secured to the tubular body 10. These connectors provide the connection between the sensors and the electronic card 13.
- a particular embodiment of the electronic card 13 is described with reference to FIG. 4. As illustrated, the electronic card 13 cooperates with the printed circuit board 16.
- the electronic card 13 comprises a voltage regulator 42 of the type
- the controller 42 is powered by external power supply means 41.
- the power supply means 41 comprise a battery (or a set of electric batteries) for delivering an electric voltage of between 3 and 5 volts.
- the shape and dimensions of the battery are such that they allow it to be housed inside the tubular hollow body 10.
- the electronic card comprises a midpoint regulator 43, for example 1.5 volts, cooperating with the voltage regulator 42.
- the electronic card also comprises a microcontroller 44 whose operation is clocked by a quartz clock.
- the microcontroller 44 comprises:
- an EEPROM-type memory 45 in which data from the different sensors of the printed circuit 16 are stored;
- conversion means for converting the data from the chlorine sensor 21, 22 and the conductivity sensor 53 into data usable by the microcontroller 44. that the microcontroller can control the chlorine and conductivity sensors via the conversion means.
- These conversion means comprise, for example, analog-digital and / or digital-analog converters 46.
- the conversion means 46 comprise three inputs. Two of its inputs are connected to the double potentiostat POT1, POT2 to which are connected the two amperometric chlorine sensors 21, 22 and the reference electrode 25. These two inputs respectively allow to receive the current delivered by each of the two chlorine sensors which is proportional to the chlorine concentration of the water.
- the third input of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of an amplifier whose input is connected to the conductivity sensor 53.
- the electronic card 13 comprises a control circuit 50 mounted between the microcontroller and the pressure and temperature sensors.
- This control circuit manages the operation of the membrane pressure sensor. The deformation of the membrane, due to the pressure of the water analyzed, is measured by piezoresistance in a Wheatstone bridge.
- the control circuit makes it possible to inject a current into the Wheatstone bridge and to measure the bridge unbalance voltage, which is proportional to the pressure of the water,
- the electronic card 13 comprises galvanic isolation means mounted between the microcontroller and the connector 49.
- an internal flash connector that allows multiple loading of the microcontroller software 44. It is also possible to provide galvanic decoupling means at the pressure and temperature sensors.
- a switch not shown, makes it possible to switch on the device.
- Electrical connectors are mounted on the electronic card 13. These connectors are designed to cooperate with connectors of complementary shape mounted on the printed circuit board 16, when the removable head 14 is secured to the tubular body 10.
- a device according to the invention can be stitched directly on a drinking water distribution pipe in a user. It can in particular be secured in such a way that the head of the probe is immersed in the water circulating in the pipe.
- the microcontroller 44 controls the activation of the chlorine, conductivity, pressure and temperature sensors.
- the chlorine sensors operate with signals of low frequency between 1 and 5 Hz and preferably of the order of 3 Hz, and the conductivity sensor with signals with a higher frequency. high between 500 and 5000 Hz, preferably between 800 and 1200 Hz.
- the chlorine and conductivity sensors are thus decoupled in frequency. This prevents the signals emitted by the chlorine sensors and the conductivity sensor from being mutually disturbed.
- chlorine 21 and chlorine 22 the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are continuously supplied with power.
- the conductivity sensor on the other hand, is fed periodically. This reduces the negative effects of the conductivity sensor which may be responsible for noise on the pressure sensor, and whose implementation is energy intensive.
- Each of the amperometric chlorine sensors makes it possible to measure a voltage representative of the concentration of active chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid in the water analyzed.
- the conductivity sensor makes it possible to measure a voltage that is representative of the conductivity of the water analyzed at the level of the removable head.
- the signals delivered by the chlorine sensors and the conductivity sensor are transmitted to the conversion means 46 of the microcontroller before being processed by it.
- the signals delivered by the pressure and temperature sensors are also transmitted to the conversion means of the microcontroller before being processed by it.
- the microcontroller filters and amplifies the signals delivered by the chlorine sensors and the conductivity sensor. It also filters and amplifies the signals delivered by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor.
- the filter which in this embodiment is a low-pass filter, makes it possible to average a number of measurements. This makes it possible to suppress high frequency noise and to have the possibility to know the variance of the signal.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a sequence of the alternative operation of the different sensors and the processing by the microcontroller of the signals coming from the different sensors.
- the signals delivered by the two chlorine sensors are analyzed simultaneously.
- the signals delivered by the conductivity sensor are analyzed while the analysis of the signals of the chlorine sensors is suspended.
- the signals delivered by the pressure and temperature sensors are analyzed simultaneously outside the periods of analysis of the signals of the chlorine sensors, and straddling the periods during which the signals of the conductivity sensor are analyzed. This makes it possible to limit analog couplings by implementing multiplexing over time and to limit digital coupling by implementing frequency multiplexing and analysis in the microcontroller between the different sensor signals.
- a normal mode In a normal mode, during a period of ten minutes, the microcontroller collects and processes a signal emitted by each sensor.
- a turbo mode can be activated. In this mode, the microcontroller collects and processes the signals emitted by each sensor in a period of one minute.
- the microcontroller calculates in one embodiment every hour the average of each signal emitted by the sensors during the last hour. It memorizes, for a duration of 24 hours, the average, maximum and minimum values of the signals emitted by each of the sensors during the last hour of operation.
- the processed and stored information is transmitted to the transmission means of the microcontroller.
- the microcontroller then transmits this converted and processed information via a wired serial bus, which can be of the RS232 type, operated for example under a MODBUS protocol.
- a radio communication system employing a chosen and appropriate protocol, for example of the GSM or GPRS type, which sends these data to a remote central server for analysis by an expert service (for example the water supplier potable) in a centralized way away from the multi-sensor probe.
- a chosen and appropriate protocol for example of the GSM or GPRS type
- an expert service for example the water supplier potable
- the frequency of transmission of information may vary from time to day.
- the probe switches to turbo mode and sends itself a message containing the data in question. outside planned periods.
- Each chlorine sensor is used to measure a voltage representative of the active chlorine concentration of the water analyzed.
- the signal 1 delivered by the chlorine sensor 21 and the signal 2 delivered by the chlorine sensor 22 are filtered by a low-pass filter and analyzed at short frequencies (for example every six seconds). These signals are compared with high and low chlorine concentration thresholds by the microcontroller. The latter can then deliver, for each sensor, information of the type of too much chlorine or not enough chlorine depending on whether the measured value is above or below the thresholds.
- This implementation can be used to trigger, in a fast manner, alarms of non-standard chlorine levels.
- the value of the high and low thresholds of active chlorine concentration dissolved in the water are defined according to the type of application, the country and / or the region in which the sensor will be used. For example, for an application in pool water in France, the high threshold may be established at 5ppm of active chlorine dissolved in water. In the case of an application in drinking water in France, the high and low thresholds may be established respectively at 0.2ppm and 0.3ppm of active chlorine dissolved in water when the sensor is placed on the pipe located in the vicinity the drinking water consumption area measured, while the high and low thresholds may be respectively 0.5ppm and 0.7ppm of active chlorine dissolved in the water when the sensor is placed on the pipe at the outlet of the factory production of drinking water.
- the signal 1 delivered by the chlorine sensor 21 and the signal 2 delivered by the chlorine sensor 22 are also filtered by a high-pass filter and analyzed at longer frequencies (for example every six minutes). These signals are added by the microcontroller so that it can transmit an average signal representative of the chlorine concentration measured by the two sensors. These signals are also subtracted from each other by the micro controller to detect a malfunction of the chlorine sensors.
- the microcontroller calculates the difference between the first signal 1 delivered by a first chlorine sensor 21 and the second signal 2 delivered by a second chlorine sensor 22. The value of this difference is then compared by the microcontroller to a value high and low reference.
- the high value is equal to 8 sigma and the low value is equal to -8 sigma.
- the difference is greater than the high value, the signal delivered by the second sensor is defective.
- the difference is smaller than the low value, the signal delivered by the first sensor is defective.
- the monitoring of the chlorine sensors can be optimized.
- the microcontroller can analyze the variations of the difference calculated with respect to the average difference for example over the last ten measurements. This variation is called noise.
- the device When the noise is zero, it is deduced that no signal is transmitted by the sensors: the device has a general failure. When the noise is two times lower than the average value, it is deduced that one of the sensors produces no signal. When the noise exceeds the high or low reference value, it is deduced that one and / or the other of the two chlorine sensors are defective.
- a device according to the invention delivers several information:
- At least one piece of information representative of the active chlorine concentration of the water it may be the filtered and amplified signal delivered by each chlorine sensor, the sum of the filtered and amplified signals delivered by the two chlorine sensors;
- information representative of the conductivity of the water at the level of the removable head filtered and amplified voltage measured between the internal electrodes of the conductivity sensor;
- At least one piece of information representative of the state of the chlorine sensors difference of the filtered and amplified signals delivered by the two chlorine sensors and / or indication of the need to replace the removable head.
- information representative of the charge level of the battery can also be delivered.
- This information is then converted to the concentration, conductivity, pressure and temperature value at the remote server. Providing that these conversions are not carried out directly by the micro controller reduces the power consumption of the measuring device and consequently increases the time during which it is likely to operate without the need for a maintenance campaign.
- the information transmitted is one (or two) active chlorine concentration in mg / L, a pressure in bar, a conductivity in micro siemens, a temperature in 0 C, an indicator of fouling (%) and battery level from 0 to
- the probe transmits for example the following signals:
- each chlorine sensor is equal to 1.5 volts when the concentration of water in chlorine is zero. This voltage increases to the maximum voltage of 3 volts when the chlorine concentration becomes no nothing. It is therefore possible to measure between 1.5 volts and 3 volts a concentration of chlorine, for example between 0 and 300 ppm, with an adjustable sensitivity.
- the voltage delivered may drop to 1 volt for example, see less. This corresponds in the calculation program of the probe to a level of chlorine
- the information transmitted from the device according to the invention to the receiver is coded in ASCII.
- the conversions are directly performed by the microcontroller.
- the probe will transmit the difference between the voltages delivered by the chlorine sensors and / or the noise.
- the remote server will convert this data into an indication of the need to replace the removable head.
- a device according to the invention can be implemented in a method consisting of measuring the quality of a water, for example a drinking water.
- a method according to the invention comprises a step of determining the concentration of active chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid HOCl of water by means of said first and second sensors. It also has the originality of including a step of controlling the measurement of the concentration of active chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid.
- the step of determining the chlorine concentration comprises collecting the signal representative of the chlorine concentration that is transmitted by the device according to the invention.
- This signal can either be a direct indication of the chlorine concentration of the water, or a signal proportional to this concentration (sum of the voltages delivered by the two sensors) which, after conversion, allows to know the value of the chlorine concentration.
- the control step includes a step of monitoring the operating state of the sensors. As just explained, this monitoring step includes:
- the comparison of the difference and / or the noise with the references can be carried out directly by an operator in charge of the control.
- the technique according to the invention thus makes it possible to make maximum use of the chlorine sensors. Indeed, the chlorine sensors have a variable life span.
- the chlorine sensors are implemented for a period corresponding to their minimum theoretical lifetime so as to always be certain to use a sensor in working order.
- the chlorine sensors are thus regularly changed. This requires frequent intervention at the sensor level and generates additional operating costs. Their replacement can also take place while they are still in working order.
- control step further comprises a step of monitoring the level of fouling of the device.
- This step of monitoring the level of fouling comprises a step of measuring the conductivity of the water.
- the inventors have discovered that the conductivity of the water at the level of the removable head gives an indication of the level of fouling of the device and therefore of the quality level of the information it delivers. Thus, when the level of fouling of the device is high, the probability that the information representative of the chlorine concentration of the water it delivers does not conform to reality is high.
- the conductivity sensor is declared “dirty” when the contact resistance of the measuring terminals of this conductivity reaches a limit value.
- the conductivity sensor is considered “clean” when the value of the contact resistance (RC) is approximately equal to twice the value of the shunt resistor (RS).
- the maximum fouling (100%) is defined when the value of the contact resistance (RC) is greater than or equal to three times the resistance of the shunt (RS).
- control step comprises a step of measuring the pressure of said water.
- the technique according to the invention has a large number of advantages.
- a device according to the invention limits the frequency of maintenance campaigns.
- the lifetime of a device according to the invention is about one year while the lifetime of the devices of the prior art is rarely greater than six months.
- a device according to the invention can thus be implanted directly in a user to the extent that the number of maintenance campaigns, requiring the intervention of a technician, is reduced.
- the technique according to the invention also makes it possible to provide a device for measuring small dimensions.
- the fact of providing to couple together the chlorine sensors makes it possible to reduce the number of components included in the device. It is thus possible to have a device having a longer life without increasing its bulk. This also contributes to the implantation of a device according to the invention directly in a user.
- the technique according to the invention also offers a good level of precision.
- Monitoring the condition of the chlorine sensors ensures that sensors that are in working condition are used.
- the fact of coupling together the two sensors makes it possible to limit the number of electronic components used and consequently the uncertainty of the measurement of the chlorine.
- Controlling the level of fouling of the device also makes it possible to have information as to the accuracy of the measurement of the chlorine concentration.
- the measurement of the pressure is also an indication of the accuracy of the measurement of the chlorine concentration.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0954669A FR2947634B1 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2009-07-06 | DEVICE FOR MEASURING AT LEAST ONE PROPERTY OF WATER |
PCT/EP2010/059671 WO2011003923A1 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2010-07-06 | Device for measuring at least one property of water |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2452187A1 true EP2452187A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
Family
ID=41720541
Family Applications (1)
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EP10727448A Ceased EP2452187A1 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2010-07-06 | Device for measuring at least one property of water |
Country Status (7)
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US (1) | US20120145561A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2452187A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012532329A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102483397B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012000400A2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2947634B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011003923A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
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US8887556B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2014-11-18 | Michael A. Silveri | Amperometric sensor system |
FR2978550B1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2014-07-11 | Veolia Water Solutions & Tech | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE FREE CHLORINE CONTENT OF WATER |
JP5819166B2 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2015-11-18 | 株式会社荻原製作所 | Conductivity meter with water level gauge |
FR2982893B1 (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2015-05-22 | Aldebaran Robotics | BASIN MONITORING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MONITORING |
US9023555B2 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2015-05-05 | Alan Devoe | Method of making a fuel cell device |
JP6226316B2 (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2017-11-08 | タツタ電線株式会社 | Cleanliness measuring device |
FR3009867B1 (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2016-12-09 | Ichtyo Dev Et Environnement I D E E Sarl | PROCESS FOR CHARACTERIZING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF A CULTURING MEDIUM OF LIVING ORGANISMS |
US9851337B2 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2017-12-26 | The University Of Akron | Universal water condition monitoring device |
US9885677B2 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2018-02-06 | Intel Corporation | Liquid quality meter apparatus |
US9791429B2 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2017-10-17 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Sensor system and method for sensing chlorine concentration |
US9829475B2 (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2017-11-28 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | PPM pool sensor |
CN105044155A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-11 | 中山欧麦克仪器设备有限公司 | Multi-parameter sensor integrating pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen |
US10136565B2 (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2018-11-20 | Kuan Ming Chen | Apparatus for controlling water system fouling |
CN105092670B (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-11-17 | 青岛双瑞海洋环境工程股份有限公司 | A kind of ship ballast water treatment system proportional zoom test method |
CN105866365B (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2018-05-01 | 方艳玲 | Drinking water split synchronization water examination device |
GB2561838A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2018-10-31 | Blue I Water Tech | Apparatus and method for low power measurement of a liquid-quality parameter |
FR3073945B1 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-10-25 | Suez Groupe | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE FREE CHLORINE CONCENTRATION IN A TOWER USING CHLORINE AS ACTIVE BASE |
DE102017129979A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-19 | Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg | Method for operating an amperometric sensor, amperometric sensor and method for monitoring a measuring fluid in a fluid line network |
CN109470933B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-10-20 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Multi-channel surface reference potential wireless acquisition device of semi-submerged rotary mechanical device |
DE102018130834A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-04 | Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg | Flow-through measuring point |
US11555800B2 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2023-01-17 | David George Barlow | Monitor and indicator system |
US20210302297A1 (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Self-Contained Conductivity Concentration Profiling System |
EP4332558A1 (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2024-03-06 | Stichting IMEC Nederland | Methods and devices for liquid impedance measurement using a four-electrode device |
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US6232786B1 (en) * | 1996-10-03 | 2001-05-15 | Ysi Incorporated | Apparatus and method for measuring conductivity |
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FR2778463A1 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-12 | Sagem | Automatic system for controlling the chlorine content of water e.g. in swimming pools |
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CN1291723A (en) * | 2000-11-23 | 2001-04-18 | 上海金纬智能化信息技术有限公司 | Intelligent comprehensive monitor of water quality |
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GB0522015D0 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2005-12-07 | Intellitect Water Ltd | Improvements in or relating to sensing apparatus |
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US8298391B2 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2012-10-30 | Silveri Michael A | Amperometric sensor |
-
2009
- 2009-07-06 FR FR0954669A patent/FR2947634B1/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-07-06 BR BR112012000400-0A patent/BR112012000400A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-06 US US13/382,693 patent/US20120145561A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-07-06 WO PCT/EP2010/059671 patent/WO2011003923A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-07-06 JP JP2012518972A patent/JP2012532329A/en active Pending
- 2010-07-06 EP EP10727448A patent/EP2452187A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-07-06 CN CN201080030658.7A patent/CN102483397B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6232786B1 (en) * | 1996-10-03 | 2001-05-15 | Ysi Incorporated | Apparatus and method for measuring conductivity |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2947634B1 (en) | 2012-07-27 |
US20120145561A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
CN102483397B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
JP2012532329A (en) | 2012-12-13 |
BR112012000400A2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
WO2011003923A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
FR2947634A1 (en) | 2011-01-07 |
CN102483397A (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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