EP2452147B1 - Tube register for indirect heat exchange - Google Patents

Abstract

A register for the indirect heat exchange between a utility fluid containing interfering components and a heat transfer fluid has at least one tube row with at least one flow channel with a small channel width and at least one flow channel with a large channel width. Additionally, in at least one tube row there is provided at least one flow channel with a narrow section defined by a small channel width as well as a wide section defined by a large channel width. The large channel width produces a large flow velocity of the utility fluid and the small channel width produces a small flow velocity of the utility fluid.

Description

The invention relates to a register for the indirect heat exchange between a spurious components having Nutzfluid, in particular a flue gas, and a heat transfer fluid in a heat exchanger, with a plurality of tubes for passing the heat transfer fluid, wherein the tubes are arranged in a plurality of tube layers and a plurality of tube rows, wherein the Pipe layers and the rows of tubes transverse to each other and wherein the pipe layers define a plurality of flow paths for flowing through the Nutzfluids. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heat exchanger with at least one register and a use of the register. A register according to the preamble of claim 1 is in US, 5,791,404 disclosed.

Registers of a heat exchanger include a plurality of tubes and are also referred to as tube bundles. The tubes form mutually parallel pipe layers. In this way, flow paths for the passage of the Nutzfluids be formed between the pipe layers. Transverse to the pipe layers form the tubes of the register so-called rows of tubes, which are also arranged parallel to each other. In a register of a heat exchanger, the distances between the rows of tubes are just as constant as the distances between the tube layers. A register is therefore symmetrical in itself. To describe the structure of a register, so the exact arrangement of the tubes with each other, serves the so-called division.

If the rows of tubes and the tube layers are oriented perpendicular to one another, this is called a square division if the tube rows and the tube layers are equidistant from each other are spaced. If this is not the case, it is called a rectangular division. For a precise definition of the arrangement of the pipes, the distance between the center of the pipe between two pipe rows and two pipe layers is specified in addition to the type of division. In the case of a quadratic division, it is sufficient to specify a distance.

If the tube rows and the tube layers are not aligned perpendicular to one another, this is called a triangular division. The tube centers of three adjacent tubes lie on the corners of a triangle, which may be isosceles but does not have to. If the side lengths of such a triangle are known, then the arrangement of the tubes in the register is also clearly defined, as if the side lengths of a square or rectangular area formed by the tube centers of adjacent tubes are predetermined in the case of square or rectangular divisions. Within a register, the distances concerning the respective division do not change. Registers with a square pitch and a triangular pitch are for better clarity in the Fig. 1a and 1b shown schematically.

Such registers having heat exchangers are known in different embodiments from practice and are referred to in particular as a tube bundle heat exchanger. A heat exchanger may have one or more registers. The heat exchangers are used for heat exchange between different fluids, which may be liquid or gaseous. The fluid flowing through the register is referred to hereinafter as Nutzfluid and the fluid flowing through the tubes of the register referred to as heat transfer fluid.

If several heat exchangers are used in a single process, the useful fluid of a heat exchanger can be used, if required, as the heat transfer fluid of another heat exchanger. The useful fluid is treated after leaving the one heat exchanger and before entering the other heat exchanger as a heat transfer fluid regularly in a further process stage, such as condensation or deposition of interfering components.

There are also known heat exchangers, which are operated in the so-called cross-flow. In this case, the heat exchanger or at least one register is divided into two separate regions, so that flow in the two areas of different Nutzfluide to the tubes of the register. The flow direction of the Nutzfluide can be opposite. The heat transfer fluid within the tubes of the register in this case transports heat from one area of the register to the other area of the register, so that the one useful fluid gives off heat to the other use fluid. The used fluids can be one and the same fluid flow at two different points in time during a process-related process, for example for the treatment, conditioning and / or purification of the fluid flow.

The heat exchangers or registers are used, for example, to cool or heat up a useful fluid in the form of a flue gas which arises during the combustion of a fuel. For this purpose, the heat exchangers For example, integrated into an emission control system. For the cooling of flue gases formed heat exchangers are upstream, for example, a flue gas scrubber in the form of a gas cooler, while provided for the heating of flue gases heat exchanger can be followed by a flue gas scrubber to dry the flue gas. The temperature of the flue gas is raised to a higher temperature level in order to avoid condensing of individual components in downstream system parts. In exhaust gas purification systems both gas cooler and gas dryer can be provided.

Flue gases, like other media, can have a considerable amount of interfering components. These interfering components are predominantly particles, for example in the form of dusts. However, interfering components can also be liquids, such as, for example, condensate or washing liquid entrained at the outlet of an upstream scrubber. The liquid is distributed over a large number of individual droplets. The condensate can be an acid or an aqueous acidic solution, in particular in the treatment of flue gases. In addition, the condensate as other liquids and / or solids can be introduced into the heat exchanger. But the condensate can also be formed only in the heat exchanger or in at least one register of the heat exchanger by a drop in temperature. In general, the aggregate state of the interfering component differs from that of the useful fluid. The interfering components in a working fluid, such as a flue gas, may be homogeneous, such as of the same substance, or heterogeneously composed of different substances.

The interfering components can get stuck in the heat exchanger, in particular in at least one of the registers of the heat exchanger and accumulate there. Therefore, registers operated with service fluids with a higher concentration of interfering components should be periodically cleaned to avoid clogging of the register between individual tubes. Furthermore, it may also be undesirable if the interfering components are simply discharged with the Nutzfluid.

For cleaning, a larger amount of flushing medium is often supplied to the working fluid prior to entry into the register during operation, which is then entrained by the flow of the Nutzfluids and carried through the register. This usually happens in more or less regular, predetermined time intervals. If desired, the flushing medium can also be introduced evenly distributed within the tube bundle of the heat exchanger. The flushing medium, which is usually water, should in any case come into contact with the accumulating in the register interfering components and carry them out together with the flushing medium, in particular in the flow direction of the Nutzfluids from the register.

So that the register has the least possible tendency to accumulate interfering components and at the same time be well cleaned, the register is constructed in such a way that the useful fluid has a high flow velocity between the tube layers which are regularly aligned parallel to the outflow direction of the useful fluid. This is achieved in particular by the fact that the registers of tubes with relative are constructed large diameters, which are arranged at large distances from each other. Ultimately arise between the pipe layers broad flow paths, which oppose the Nutzfluid a low flow resistance and can be flowed through by the Nutzfluid quickly.

Nevertheless, it has been found in practice that the spurious components in the register can accumulate to a high degree, which can lead to partial blocking or clogging of the register, for example in the flow shadow between the tubes of a tube layer. This has the consequence, for example, that plants operated continuously have to be driven off prematurely in order to maintain the register or to clean it manually. This leads to hardening interfering components by the difficult, sometimes mechanical cleaning often damage the pipes and / or their corrosion protection. This ultimately leads to unwanted tube failures.

The present invention is therefore the object of a register and a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in such a way and further that when operating with Nutzfluiden with high levels of interfering components such as flue gases, the tendency to fouling and blocking is reduced and thus in a continuous Operation longer service life can be achieved.

The aforementioned object is achieved by a register with the features of claim 1.

The present invention has recognized that, contrary to the prior teaching regarding the design of heat exchanger registers, the symmetrical arrangement of the tubes in the registers is disadvantageous in terms of undesirable accumulation of interfering components in continuous operation.

According to the invention, this knowledge is used to move away from a highly symmetrical structure of the register and to create a register which is deliberately constructed asymmetrically to a certain extent. This certain asymmetry is created by providing flow lanes with significantly different lane widths in the register. A significantly different lane width in this context means that the lane widths differ significantly from one another in such a way that the flow resistance in the flow lanes differ significantly from one another. The difference between the widths of the lanes depends on the working fluid and the process conditions and therefore can not be exactly quantified. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that at least one flow lane has different sections with different lane widths, the differences in the previously described Meaning are significant. If necessary, a combination of the alternatives described above is possible.

Large lane widths ensure that the flow of fluid counteracting the useful fluid decreases and the flow rate of the useful fluid simultaneously increases. In this comparison, of course, is assumed by a constant pressure drop of the Nutzfluidströmung when passing through the register. On the other hand, in the case of narrow lane widths, the flow resistance increases, so that a lower flow velocity prevails in these regions of the register. Thus, according to the invention, areas with different flow velocities are deliberately brought about in the register.

A small lane width is so small that the Nutzfluidströmung is delayed such that there is a significant decrease in entrained by the Nutzfluid Störkomponenten. In contrast, in the areas of a large lane width, the flow velocity is so high that the delay of the Nutzfluidströmung can be compensated in the areas of narrow lane width. This preferably means that at constant pressure loss, the same volume flow of useful fluid flows through the register as in a symmetrical arrangement of the tubes in the register. Depending on the available pressure loss, it does not depend on an exact adherence to said relationship. In addition, it is assumed in this pressure loss consideration of an unpolluted register. Otherwise, in a conventional register due to the higher deposits of interfering components the Nutzfluidströmung be the same pressure loss significantly lower than in the previously described register.

The large lane width may be more than 1.10, more than 1.25, more than 1.5, more than 2.0, more than 2.5 or more than 3.0 times as wide depending on the application as appropriate the narrow lane width. In principle, therefore, a significant difference between the large and the narrow lane width is preferred. However, it may simultaneously or alternatively be an obstacle to the flow distribution within the register if the differences between the large lane width and the narrow lane width are too clear, so that may form ineffective dead zones in which there is no flow. Too large differences in the lane widths may alternatively or additionally reduce the heat transfer area as the sum of the lateral surfaces of the tubes of the register, which may adversely affect the heat to be transferred per volume of the register. The large lane width should therefore not be more than 5, not more than 4, not more than 3 or not more than 2 times as wide as the narrow lane width, if necessary.

Within a register also different sized large lane widths and / or different sized narrow lane widths can be provided. In this way, a high degree of asymmetry and thus a large number of different flow states are created within the at least one register of a heat exchanger.

The foregoing with regard to the dimension of large and small lane widths applies both to flow lanes of individual rows of tubes, where a constant lane width is provided between two adjacent tubes, as well as on such rows of tubes, where between two adjacent tubes sections a large lane width and sections one small lane width is provided.

If required, areas can be provided in the register in which the flow of the useful fluid almost completely stops. However, this is not mandatory. However, the flow velocity in these calmed zones should be reduced so far that the spurious components or flushing media introduced for cleaning purposes can drop appreciably in the direction of gravity. However, the flow should not come to a complete standstill, because then no flow components more enter the calm zones and can sink down there. Also, the flow rate should not be lowered so that in the areas with a large lane width, the flow paths are too wide, which can adversely affect the heat exchange. The flow velocity should not increase so much in the areas with a large width of the lane in order to transport the required volume flow through the register, so that a greatly increased pressure loss must be accepted.

Due to the fact that the interfering components in the calm zones in the register, ie in the area of the small widths of the lane, can drop in the direction of gravity, a situation arises Removing the Nutzfluids of interfering components. The interference components can thereby sink completely downwards, wherein the sunken interference components are preferably drawn off in some way in order to prevent accumulation. In particular, a partial flow of the interfering components entering the register will fall in the direction of gravity and be withdrawn at the bottom of the register, while the other part will be discharged from the register with the working fluid in the direction of flow of the useful fluid.

If the interfering components are particulates or condensate, it may be sufficient for these interfering components to sink partially into calmed zones and then back into zones of greater flow velocity, and then leave the register with the useful fluid stream. A clogging of the register can thus possibly already be avoided. Corresponding heat exchangers are preferably designed as gas coolers. If the heat exchanger is designed as a gas dryer in which the Nutzfluid is heated, and if the interfering components with the Nutzfluid are registered droplets, which are entrained, for example, from an upstream scrubber or mist eliminator, it is preferred that the spurious components substantially completely down dissipate and withdraw the Nutzfluidstrom after its entry into the register in this way quickly. This is energetically preferred because the downwardly deposited droplets in the register need not be vaporized to achieve the necessary dryness of the working fluid as it exits the register. The necessary dryness of the Nutzfluids is reached when the Temperature is far enough above the dew point and / or the Nutzfluid in any case has no more droplets.

In shell-and-tube heat exchangers of the prior art, the proportion of interfering components which is not discharged again with the useful gas flow accumulates in the at least one register of the heat exchanger, for example in the form of adhesions or caking, which necessitates premature shutdown and cleaning of the register power.

Due to the fact that in the register according to the invention high flow velocities of the Nutzfluids be achieved in the wide sections with a larger lane width, it is preferably within the heat exchanger turbulence, which in turn ultimately lead to interference components from the areas of higher flow rate reach areas of slower flow rate and fall down there. Interfering components can also pass from the rapidly flowing working fluid from the calmed zone to the calmed zone and gradually drop downwards or only partially fall off and, at a lower point, be discharged from the register via lanes of large lane width.

Under Störkomponenten the majority of the Nutzfluid entrained particles and / or droplets are understood. The interfering components can thus optionally have a homogeneous or an inhomogeneous composition, wherein the interfering components also consist of different materials and may, if necessary, have different states of aggregation.

The heat transfer fluid flowing through the tubes may, if necessary, be a so-called heat transfer medium provided specifically for the transport of heat. In particular, water and oils are considered. Alternatively, the heat transfer fluid may also be a process medium, which, like the used fluid, preferably also exists anyway and preferably has to be heated or cooled anyway. The heat transfer fluid may for example also be a flue gas. Heat transfer fluid and working fluid may optionally be gaseous and / or liquid. Preferably, the Nutzfluid is a flue gas, more preferably, a flue gas to be cooled or aufheizendes.

The register is used for indirect heat exchange, since the heat transfer fluid and the Nutzfluid not come into direct contact with each other, but the heat is transferred only through the pipe walls.

The register has a plurality of tube layers and tube rows, wherein the tubes of a row of tubes are part of different tube layers and vice versa. In this case, the pipe layers extend substantially in the flow direction of the Nutzfluids, while the rows of tubes obliquely, possibly transverse, aligned with the flow direction of the Nutzfluids.

The tubes of at least one tube layer can in each case be arranged in alignment with one another in the direction of flow of the useful fluid or else offset relative to one another, while the tubes of at least one row of tubes are aligned transversely to the flow direction of the useful fluid one behind the other or else arranged offset to one another.

The width of a flow alley always determines itself in a row of pipes, by the distance between two adjacent, the flow path limiting tubes. Thus, the lane width of at least one flow lane of a register from tube row to tube row can vary or even remain constant. In the event that the flow path in at least one row of tubes sections with different widths of the lanes, so narrow and wide sections, has, the narrow and wide sections of row of tubes to row of tubes in the flow direction of the Nutzfluids can be arranged uniformly one behind the other. However, it can also be provided that a narrow section follows a further section in the flow direction in the following row of tubes, or that the width of the narrow and wide sections varies in successive rows of tubes as well as in one and the same row of tubes.

It is understood that, in the present case of at least one row of pipes, pipe layer or flow alley is mentioned, also any plurality of rows of pipes, pipe layers and / or flow paths may be meant. For example, it may be an overwhelming majority, with a share exceeding 50%. However, all or substantially all rows of tubes, pipe layers and / or flow paths may also be meant.

In a first embodiment of the register can be provided for a simple production and a simple design of the register that at least individual Flow paths of the register in the flow direction of the Nutzfluids successive rows of tubes of the register have a constant lane width. The lane width of the same flow path thus does not change during the transition from one row of tubes to the next row of tubes in the flow direction. In other words, the register thus constructed has flow paths which are formed identically in successive rows of tubes. In this case, these flow paths in the direction of the respective tubes have a constant or even a varying width of the lane. Preferably, because it is easy to manufacture, at least one flow lane has a constant lane width along all tube rows of the register. Along the flow direction of the Nutzfluids the lane width of the flow path does not change so. However, the corresponding flow lane does not necessarily have to have a constant lane width in the direction of the tubes, but may possibly have both narrow and wide sections with correspondingly small and large lane widths alternately.

For easy fixation of the tubes of the register is provided that in at least one row of tubes each tube is fixed to a holding element which is rod-shaped and extends substantially along the tube layers. The influence of the flow can be minimized. In addition, the rod-shaped holding elements of a row of tubes disturb the sinking of the interference components only minimally.

If necessary, the at least one retaining element can also be curved in the shape of a lattice or, in particular, around tubes adjacent to the retaining element. The holding elements interfere with this Lowering of interference components as little as possible and allow, if necessary, in addition a certain mobility of the tubes, especially if they are arranged flexibly. As materials for the production of the holding element are quite generally metals, ceramics or plastics in question, wherein the metals may have a corrosion protection, which is formed, if necessary, by a plastic sheath. Fluoroplastics are particularly suitable as plastic for the retaining element or the jacket.

A structurally simple and also effective possibility exists-in that in each case a holding element is provided in at least one row of tubes in each second flow alley. Then, the retaining elements of each of these adjacent tubes are fixed, preferably laterally.

Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that exactly one pipe layer is fixed to at least one retaining element of the register, while exactly two adjacent pipe layers are fixed to at least one other retaining element. This is particularly useful when using pipes with different diameters in at least one row of pipes. Then, for example, a pipe layer with pipes of a large diameter can alternately be fastened to a separate retaining element, while adjacent thereto two pipe layers with pipes of smaller diameter are fixed to a common retaining element arranged between the pipe layers.

It is for the free sinking of the interfering components of particular advantage when the holding elements substantially extend laterally to the tube layers held by the holding element.

In addition to the fixation, the holding elements can also serve to position the tubes of at least one row of tubes or of the entire register. For this purpose, it may be provided that the holding elements have spacers for spacing the tubes fixed to the holding elements between the tubes fixed to the holding elements at least one row of tubes. Alternatively or additionally, however, it may also be provided that the holding elements are formed directly as spacers. They then have between the respective pipes to be spaced to a width corresponding to the desired distance of the tubes, without the need for another component.

So that the holding elements do not interfere too much with the flow of the useful fluid through the register, it is advantageous if the holding elements are arranged either in flow lanes with a small lane width and / or in narrow sections of the respective flow lane of at least one row of tubes. In addition, the tubes in these flow paths and / or sections in any case a small distance from the adjacent tubes, so that a material-saving fixation of the tubes can be achieved. The retaining elements disturb the sinking of interfering components in calmed zones only slightly, since the holding elements are arranged laterally on the tubes.

In this context, it makes sense if the holding elements along the entire respective pipe layers in each case in flow lanes narrow lane width and / or narrow sections of the flow paths are provided. This achieves the advantages described in all successive rows of tubes of the register. Alternatively or additionally, it is preferred from a constructional point of view if the retaining elements are always provided in every second flow lane. This is sufficient to fix all the tubes of a row of tubes and thus of the register as a whole.

In order for the at least one retaining element to influence the lowering of interference components even less, the retaining element can also be arranged in the flow paths with a large lane width and / or in wide sections. Then, on a holding element settling interfering components are easily removed and do not accumulate so much during operation. The holding element is then preferably aligned along a flow lane with a wide lane width and extends in this flow lane along a pipe layer delimiting the flow lane. In this case, holding sections of the holding element can then be provided which connect the tubes of this tube layer to the holding element.

If, despite the formation of calmed zones and zones of increased flow rate of the Nutzfuids by the arrangement of the tubes of the register should be necessary to clean the register in operation, can in at least one row of tubes in at least one flow alley with a narrow lane width or in a narrow Section may be provided a purge line for supplying flushing medium. In this case, the flushing line extends substantially in the direction of the pipe layers and / or in the direction the flow paths, which preferably corresponds to the same direction.

It is particularly useful for the cleaning of the register when in at least one row of tubes in each flow alley with a small lane width a purge line is provided. Additionally or alternatively, in each case a flushing line may be provided in the narrow sections of the flow lanes in flow lanes with a varying lane width on a common plane. Wide sections of flow passages of the register can, if necessary, manage without flushing line.

So that all areas of the register, in particular the calmed zones of the register, are reached uniformly by the rinsing liquid, it is expedient to provide a rinsing line in every second flow line in at least one row of pipes. This applies in particular when the respective at least second flow paths have a small lane width and / or a varying lane width.

In addition to the supply of rinsing liquid, the rinse lines can be designed as spacers for spacing the rinse line of adjacent tubes of the at least one row of tubes. This is achieved structurally simply in that the flushing lines have a diameter which corresponds to the preferred distance of the adjacent tubes in the region of the respective flushing line.

The flushing lines can also each in the flow alley with the small lane width and / or the narrow section the flow alley be arranged because the flushing liquid can be selectively supplied to the calmed zones, the flow is not affected in the flow lanes with large lanes widths and the pipes are already close to each other in said flow paths and / or said sections.

In order to minimize the design effort for the production of the register, at least one holding element may be formed simultaneously as flushing line or vice versa. In this context, it makes sense if the at least one retaining element has a substantially closed profile, which can be flowed through by the flushing medium, wherein the flushing medium can escape through a series of openings from the corresponding profile.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that at least one pipe layer is aligned at least in sections obliquely and / or curved with respect to the direction of flow of the. Register by the Nutzfluid. This has the consequence that the free flow path for the Nutzfluid opposite the direction of flow of the register is inclined. The Nutzfluid as such is preferably deflected, in the direction of the free flow lane. However, the spurious components, which preferably have a higher density, are exposed to a higher inertia influence and are less strongly or hardly deflected. In this case, the tubes of a tube layer are preferably arranged offset from each other, so that the interference components as needed in the further flow against a tube further downstream in the direction of flow bounce tube row or preferably against a further downstream in the direction of flow pipe of a flow path defining pipe layer. Immediately to the Tubes, the flow rate of the Nutzfluids is reduced, so that the bouncing against a pipe noise components can easily get down in the direction of gravity.

Preferably, the tubes arranged one behind the other in the flow direction are each offset only by a part of the width of the lane. The tubes are then not set to gap with each other, which is unfavorable in terms of flow, but are always in the defined by the front row of tubes flow in it. It can then expand on the other side of the flow alley in the same or similar extent, so that the flow path has a total along at least one pipe layer substantially a constant width of the lane. However, the flow path is slightly inclined to the flow direction of the register. This arrangement has the effect that jamming components entrained by the working fluid, in particular in the form of droplets, do not readily flow through the register, but with a higher probability strike against one of the tubes of the register projecting in the direction of flow into the flow lane.

In order to make corresponding registers easily and also to be able to flow through them relatively uniformly, it can be provided that at least two pipe layers define a flow path with an inlet-side opening and an outlet-side opening for the useful fluid between them such that the inlet-side opening in the direction of flow of the user fluid with respect to the register does not overlap with the exit opening. An interfering component, such as in the form of a droplet, can then not, or at least hardly, be carried straight through in the direction of flow of the register through this. Rather, there is a very high probability that the droplets will hit pipes of one of the pipe layers and be deposited accordingly. Thus, a Entfrachtung the Nutzfluids about entrained liquid is easily possible. Preferably, the inlet-side opening is the lane width of the flow lane formed in the direction of flow of the useful fluid in the foremost row of tubes, while the outlet-side opening is analogous to the lane width of the flow lane of the rearmost row of tubes. Alternatively, on the inlet side and outlet side, instead of the register as such, reference may also be made to a partial region of the register, so that further tubes or rows of tubes may be provided on the inlet side and / or outlet side.

It can be provided that in at least one row of pipes flow paths are arranged with constant lane widths. This is easy and inexpensive to realize, especially with straight pipes. Nevertheless, an asymmetry can, if necessary, be created in a row of pipes by providing flow paths there which have widths of the lane varying along the longitudinal extension of the pipes, that is to say preferably wide sections and narrow sections.

The register becomes even simpler and less expensive if at least the flow paths located in a row of pipes each have a constant width of the lane. The lane width is constant in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the tubes. Preferably the lane widths in all pipe rows of the register are constant. This allows a very simple and therefore cost-effective design of the register, wherein the tubes are formed in particular straight.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that in at least one row of tubes at least one flow channel is arranged with alternating narrow sections and wide sections. This makes it possible, for example, to build a register with the desired asymmetry by a combination of flow lanes with a constant lane width and flow lanes with a varying lane width in a row of tubes or in different rows of tubes. The flow paths are understandably provided in the longitudinal extension of the tubes with a constant or varying width of the lane.

In order not to have to make its structure too complicated despite the desired asymmetry of the register, all flow paths are each equipped with varying lane widths in at least one row of tubes, alternating in each individual flow lane of the row of tubes narrow sections and wide sections.

Another, possibly additional way to provide an imbalance in the register, without the register is random and thus complicated to build and interpret, could consist in at least one row of tubes in a direction perpendicular to the tubes of the row of tubes narrow sections and wide sections adjacent Flow lanes next to each other to arrange alternately to each other. This means that in the at least one row of tubes at least a flow lane is provided which has a wide portion at a certain level perpendicular to the tubes, while the adjacent flow lane has a narrow portion at that level.

At the same time or as an alternative, it can be provided that individual flow paths of the register in the rows of tubes following one another in the direction of flow of the useful fluid alternately have a small lane width and a large lane width and / or a narrow section as well as a large portion of the flow lanes. The lane width of a same flow path therefore changes during the transition from one row of tubes to the next row of tubes in the flow direction. In other words, the register thus constructed has flow paths which, in successive rows of tubes, have a shape which varies in the direction of flow of the useful fluid and preferably alternates. The shape of the flow paths thus varies and allows a non-symmetrical structure of the register, which follows at the same time clear rules and thus can be easily manufactured and calculated for the purpose of interpretation.

One way to summarize areas with a large lane width and a small lane width in a register, is that at least individual tubes at least one row of tubes are partially part of a first layer of pipe and partially part of a second layer of pipe. The corresponding tubes thus extend in sections in the one tube layer and in sections in at least one other tube layer. This arises, for example, when adjacent tubes of a row of tubes crossed with each other be, with a pipe from one pipe layer of the tube row to the other adjacent tube layer of the tube row is performed, while the adjacent tube is guided from the adjacent other tube layer to a tube layer. A corresponding crossing of the tubes can be provided in a series of tubes in a flow alley simple or repetitive multiply.

It is understood that the tubes of any pipe layers in a row of pipes can be crossed with each other or any pipes of a pipe layer can be crossed with each other. It is also possible to intersect pipes that belong on the one hand to different rows of pipes and on the other hand to different pipe layers. For the sake of simplicity, however, it is provided that adjacent tubes of a row of tubes extend in sections in immediately adjacent tube layers of the tube row.

A simple, regular but not symmetrical construction of the register can be achieved if a flow path defined by a first pipe layer and a second pipe layer has a plurality of narrow sections and / or wide sections in at least one row of pipes. In other words, in at least one flow lane between two mutually crossed tubes in at least one row of tubes along the longitudinal direction of the tubes exclusively wide sections, exclusively narrow sections or wide and narrow sections alternately, and preferably alternately provided. Only narrow portions occur when the tubes of the two flow path defining tube layers of a row of tubes along the longitudinal direction of the tubes always alternately with each other are crossed and between the crossing points only narrow flow cross sections remain free. The wide sections are then preferably provided in adjacent flow paths of the same row of tubes. For this purpose, it is then sufficient if necessary, if the adjacent tubes of the row of tubes are rectilinear, because the crossed tubes ensure that the forming lane width of the adjacent flow lane varies.

Thus, an asymmetry of the register can be provided in a simple manner by at least individual tubes of at least one row of tubes, preferably several times, being crossed with one another along the longitudinal extent of the tubes.

A relatively regular structure of the register with a large number of wide sections and narrow sections results when substantially all tubes of at least one row of tubes, preferably several times, are crossed along the longitudinal extent of the respective tubes with adjacent tubes.

The crossing points of crossed tubes can lie on the same planes perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the tubes, as the crossing points of the adjacent crossed tubes. Alternatively or additionally, for instance in another row of tubes, the crossing points of crossed tubes can lie on a first row of planes, while the points of intersection of the adjacent tubes of the tube row lie on a second row of planes, which are also aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the tubes. You can always use levels of the first set of levels and levels of the second set of levels be provided alternately in the longitudinal extension of the tubes, wherein in a particularly regular, albeit not symmetrical, register arrangement, the distances between the individual planes are always identical. Preferably, because it is easier to manufacture, the points of intersection of each two crossed tubes always lie alternately on the first row of planes and the second row of planes. Adjacent crossed tubes are thus always arranged alternately offset in the longitudinal direction of the tubes by the distance of the planes of different rows against each other.

Not all tubes of a row of tubes need to be crossed with each other, it may be easier for the production of the register, if adjacent tubes are provided in a common row of tubes rectilinear tubes, which then form with the crossed tubes a flow lane in the tube row, has varying lane widths, so that, if necessary, narrow sections and wide sections can alternate.

Varying widths and thus a targeted asymmetry of the register can be structurally particularly simple achieve that are provided in at least one row of tubes and / or in at least one tube layer tubes with significantly different tube diameter. In this case, pipes with different diameters can be arranged alternately and in relation to one another in the at least one row of pipes or pipe layers so that the flow paths with different widths of the lanes result therefrom. But it can also be provided that each tube adjacent at least one row of tubes with a larger diameter each two tubes of at least one row of tubes is arranged with a small diameter. In other words, in a row of pipes, if necessary, two thin tubes follows a thick tube, which then again follow two thin tubes, etc.

In this context, only pipes with an identical pipe diameter can be provided in at least one pipe layer. Ultimately, the register can be easily assembled from tube layers with similar tubes.

Regardless of the arrangement of the tubes of the register with one another, it is preferred if the tubes are made of a plastic, preferably of a fluorine plastic, in particular of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). This achieves high resistance to corrosive media. Alternatively or additionally, the tubes can be made of metal, preferably made of a correspondingly resistant, in particular made of a corrosion-resistant metal.

Furthermore, it may be desirable for the tubes to be flexible in order to be able to easily arrange the tubes in the desired alignment with one another. This is especially the case when individual tubes should be crossed with each other. The necessary flexibility can be ensured by the said plastic material of the tubes readily.

Under certain conditions, however, the register may also have both flexible and rigid tubes. This is useful, for example, if the rigid tubes are to contribute to the stability of the register. When using pipes with different diameters may for example be provided that the tubes with a larger diameter are rigid and the tubes with a smaller diameter are flexible. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible that rectilinear tubes of a register are rigid and the bent tubes of the same register are flexible. It can also be provided that the flexible tubes are made of a plastic and the rigid tubes are made of metal.

In order to reduce the fluid noise occurring in the register, the tubes of at least two adjacent tube layers with staggered tubes can be brought very close to each other, if necessary even overlapping. Then remain between the corresponding tubes, if at all, only very narrow gaps transverse to the flow direction of the Nutzfluids. The tubes ultimately together form a so-called tube disc, which reflects the sound waves to a high degree. Alternatively or additionally, at least one corresponding pipe disk can be provided in that the pipes of at least one pipe layer are brought so close together that no or only very small spaces remain between the pipes of this pipe layer. In order to achieve this, either in the at least one pipe layer, the number of pipes is significantly increased compared to other pipe layers or their diameter significantly increased compared to other tubes of the register. In this connection, it may alternatively or additionally be expedient to intersect adjacent pipes of the at least one pipe layer with one another in order to obtain in this way a stabilized 'mesh' of pipes or a pipe pane of pipes crossed with one another. This is particularly useful when the Tubes of the tube register flexible, for example made of plastic, are made. Alternatively, in the event that the tubes of the register are designed to be substantially flexible, the tubes of the at least one tube layer for the reflection of the sound can be rigid, for example made of metal.

It is particularly preferred to provide corresponding tube layers formed in the manner of a tube at or adjacent to both edges of the register. Also in the middle of the register, such a layer of pipes may additionally or alternatively be expedient. As a rule, two to six pipe disks should be preferred in order to achieve a considerable reduction in noise by reflection of the fluid sound.

The aforementioned object is also achieved by a heat exchanger with at least one register according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one register is a register according to one of claims 1 to 12.

In a first preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger, it is provided that in the flow direction of the Nutzfluids before the direction of gravity lower end of the register a transversely oriented to the flow direction barrier to protect the pipes from abrasion is provided by entrained by the Nutzfluid Störkomponenten. The interfering components are in particular particles, such as dusts or the like.

The barrier is preferably applied where local peaks of the concentration of interfering components occur. This is due to the influence of gravity on the spurious components regularly at the bottom of the heat exchanger of the case. The barrier is therefore preferably provided in the direction of gravity lower end of the register.

It can be provided that the barrier forms a gap with the bottom of the heat exchanger. Through this gap, the Nutzfluid flows at an increased speed and can thus entrain on the bottom of the heat exchanger accumulating and / or preferably sunk in the calm zones down towards the ground Stör components and carry out in this way from the heat exchanger.-This ultimately leads to a Entfrachtung with the Nutzfluid. However, this differs from the known Entfrachtung in that the Entfrachtung does not take place with the core flow of the Nutzfluids, but with a near-bottom edge flow of the Nutzfluids. In this way, the spurious components can be readily transferred directly to the sump of a downstream equipment part, such as a scrubber.

It is advisable that the height of the free gap corresponds at most approximately to the minimum distance between the lower end of the register and the bottom of the heat exchanger, so that the lower end of the register is not exposed to increased abrasion by the interfering components.

Due to the low design effort for the introduction of the register in the heat exchanger and for the replacement of the register, the register is preferably as a hung U-tube heat exchanger coil with pipe bends on formed in the direction of gravity lower end of the register.

Then it can also be provided that in the region of the pipe bends in at least one row of pipes at least in a flow lane with a large lane width, the lane width is maximum. In other words, this at least one flow path widens downward to improve the removal of jamming components from the register, even if this results in the lane width of adjacent flow lanes being correspondingly lower, so that the width of the register can remain constant overall.

For the reasons mentioned, it may be expedient if individual flow lanes in the region of the pipe bends have such a large lane width that, as a result, the lane width is substantially zero in at least one row of pipes at least in a flow lane with a small lane width. The corresponding adjacent tubes of at least one row of tubes can thereby, preferably almost, abut each other.

The above-described structural features of the register of the heat exchanger can in principle be combined with one another in any desired manner. This is especially true in the various ways described, deviating from a symmetrical structure of a register of a heat exchanger. It can therefore be made, for example, in different rows of tubes and / or pipe layers of different types of asymmetrical design and / or different dimensions of a particular unbalanced design use. It could also be in one and the same Tube row and / or pipe layer of different such configurations use made. In order to keep the complexity with regard to the manufacture and the design of the register low, it is nevertheless appropriate if in each case one row of tubes and / or one tube layer use is made of only one embodiment, which leads to an overall asymmetrical structure of the register. In other words, then different pipe layers and / or rows of pipes structurally different from each other.

The register described above is particularly well suited due to its design for heating and / or cooling gas containing interfering components, in particular flue gas. (Claim 16) The interfering components may be particles, condensate and / or entrained liquid. Therefore, the effects of the register come into play especially when it is before and / or downstream of a flue gas scrubber (claim 17). Then the flue gas is heated and / or cooled.

Fig. 1a

ein Register eines Rohrbündelwärmeaustauschers aus dem Stand der Technik mit einer quadratischen Teilung in einer Schnittansicht senkrecht zu den Rohren des Rohrbündels,

Fig. 1b

ein Register eines Rohrbündelwärmeaustauschers aus dem Stand der Technik mit einer Dreiecksteilung in einer Schnittansicht senkrecht zu den Rohren des Rohrbündels,

Fig. 2

ein Detail eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Registers aus einer Blickrichtung parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des Nutzfluids,

Fig. 3

das Detail des Registers aus Fig. 2 in einer Schnittansicht entlang der Ebene II-II aus Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

ein weiteres Detail des Registers aus Fig. 2 aus einer Blickrichtung parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des Nutzfluids,

Fig. 5

ein Detail eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Registers in einer Schnittdarstellung gemäß Fig. 3,

Fig. 6

ein Detail eines drittes Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Registers in einer Schnittdarstellung gemäß Fig. 3,

Fig. 7

ein Detail eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Registers in einer Ansicht parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des Nutzfluids,

Fig. 8

ein Detail eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Registers in einer Ansicht parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des Nutzfluids,

Fig. 9

ein Detail eines sechsten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Registers in einer Blickrichtung parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des Nutzfluids,

Fig. 10

den Bodenbereich eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeaustauschers in einer Blickrichtung parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des Nutzfluids und

Fig. 11

den Bodenbereich des Wärmeaustauschers aus Fig. 10 in einer Schnittdarstellung entlang der Ebene IX-IX aus Fig. 10.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a purely exemplary embodiments illustrative drawing. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1a

a register of a tube bundle heat exchanger of the prior art with a square pitch in a sectional view perpendicular to the tubes of the tube bundle,

Fig. 1b

a register of a tube bundle heat exchanger of the prior art with a triangular division in a sectional view perpendicular to the tubes of the tube bundle,

Fig. 2

a detail of a first embodiment of a register according to the invention from a viewing direction parallel to the flow direction of the Nutzfluids,

Fig. 3

the detail of the register Fig. 2 in a sectional view taken along the plane II-II Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

another detail of the register Fig. 2 from a viewing direction parallel to the flow direction of the working fluid,

Fig. 5

a detail of a second embodiment of the register according to the invention in a sectional view according to Fig. 3 .

Fig. 6

a detail of a third embodiment of the register according to the invention in a sectional view according to Fig. 3 .

Fig. 7

a detail of a fourth embodiment of the register according to the invention in a view parallel to the flow direction of the Nutzfluids,

Fig. 8

a detail of a fifth embodiment of the register according to the invention in a view parallel to the flow direction of the Nutzfluids,

Fig. 9

a detail of a sixth embodiment of the register according to the invention in a viewing direction parallel to the flow direction of the Nutzfluids,

Fig. 10

the bottom portion of a first embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention in a viewing direction parallel to the flow direction of the Nutzfluids and

Fig. 11

the bottom area of the heat exchanger Fig. 10 in a sectional view along the plane IX-IX Fig. 10 ,

Conventional types of register known in the art are described in U.S.P. Fig. 1a and 1b shown. That in the Fig. 1a illustrated tube bundles of a register of a heat exchanger has a square pitch. The tube centers of two adjacent tubes R of a row of tubes RR and - two aligned aligned tubes form the corners of a square. In other words, in such a register, the adjacent tubes R of a tube row RR and adjacent tubes R a tube layer RL are each arranged at the same distance from each other. If the distance between the pipe layers and the pipe rows were different, it would not be a square, but a rectangular division. Also in this case, the distances between the rows of tubes and the tube layers of the register would be identical at each point of the register. Even then, it is a symmetrical structure of the register.

In a tube bundle of a register of a heat exchanger with a triangular pitch, which in the Fig. 1b is shown, the pipe layers RL 'are not aligned with each other, but each offset by half a pipe distance from each other. At each point within the register are adjacent three tubes R 'whose centers are located on the vertices of a triangle whose side edges have the same length b. It is therefore an isosceles division. The legs of a corresponding, the division indicating triangle could also be different lengths. In this case, too, all tube center points of corresponding adjacent tubes would each define the same triangles. This means that also registers constructed in this way are consistently symmetrical in themselves.

The pipes R, R 'form flow paths with a constant width both in a triangular pitch and in a square pitch. However, the displacement of the tube layers RL 'against each other results in that the tubes R' can be packed in triangular pitch closer than the tubes R in square pitch, without the pressure loss increases disproportionately. Finally, in the case of both a square division and a triangular division, a highly symmetrical arrangement of the tubes R, R 'within the register of a heat exchanger is given. This means that the division, that is, the pipe distances a, b, are identical in each section of the register of a heat exchanger. There are consequently no flow lanes of different lane widths or flow lanes which have a wide and a narrow section.

In the Fig. 2 a detail of a heat exchanger 1 is shown, which has a register 2 with parallel aligned pipes 3. Like in the Fig. 3 in a horizontal section along the plane II-II Fig. 2 is shown, the register 2 perpendicular to the flow direction S of the Nutzfluids a series of successively arranged rows of tubes 4, which form mutually parallel pipe layers 5 in the flow direction S of the Nutzfluids. The individual tubes 3 of each tube layer 5 are arranged in alignment in the flow direction S of the Nutzfluids one behind the other.

In the illustrated register 2, two adjacent pipe layers 5 define between each other a flow channel 6, 6 'for flowing through with the useful fluid. In this case, each flow lane 6,6 'in each row of tubes 4 a lane width 7,7', which is determined by the distance between adjacent tubes 3. In the case of in the FIGS. 2 and 3 represented register 2 are the lane widths 7,7 'of each flow path 6,6' in the flow direction S of the Nutzfluids constant. The lane width 7,7 'of the flow paths 6,6' therefore does not change from tube row 4 to tube row 4 of the register 2. Further, the lane width is 7,7 'aligned in the illustrated embodiment, each perpendicular to the flow direction S of the Nutzfluids.

In each row of tubes 4 of the illustrated register 2, flow paths 6,6 'alternate with a large lane width 7' and a small lane width 7. Due to the larger lane width 7 'is in the corresponding flow paths 6', a higher flow rate of the Nutzfluids, while due to the lower Gassenbreite 7 sets a lower flow velocity of the Nutzfluids in the remaining flow paths 6.

The in the FIGS. 2 and 3 3 shown tubes are each paired in pairs and fixed to a common support member 8, which is rod-shaped and extends parallel to the adjacent pipe layers 5, ie along the flow path 6, with small lane width 7. Before the register 2, the holding elements 8 are held in the illustrated plane of the register 2 on a transversely extending to the register 9 suspension. The holding elements 8 have spacers 10, on each of which two adjacent sides of two pipes 3 different pipe layers 5 are in abutment. For fixing each two adjacent tubes 3 different pipe layers 5 on the support member 8 is a tube 3 encompassing ring element 11. By grouping two pipe layers 5 to a holding element 8, the holding elements 8-in the illustrated register 2 in each case only in each second flow 6 provided.

In the Fig. 4 is another detail of the register 2 according to FIGS. 2 and 3 shown, in Fig. 4 a view corresponding to the Fig. 2 is shown, however, which shows a section in a region in which flushing lines 12 are provided for flushing and thus for removing interference components from the register 2. For this purpose, the purge lines 12 may be arranged differently high in the register. In any case, at least some of the purge lines 12 are arranged relatively high in the register 2. Furthermore, the purge lines 12 are provided only in each second flow path 6. In this case, the purge lines 12 extend in It is also possible, although not shown in detail, that the flushing lines 12 are fastened to holding elements 8 substantially along the entire flow paths 6 through the register 2.

In the illustrated register 2, the purge lines 12 are provided in the narrower flow paths 6 and also have an outer diameter which coincides with the smaller lane width 7 of these flow paths 6 substantially. As a result, the flushing lines 12, which come into contact with the adjacent tubes 3, simultaneously serve as spacers for each two adjacent tube layers 5. The flushing lines 12 have openings over their length, not shown, from which a flushing medium, such as water, specifically exit can. With the flushing medium, for example, adhering interfering components in the form of solid particles can be removed, these being discharged together with the flushing medium to a large extent in the direction of gravity from the register 2, whereby long service life can be achieved.

Like a comparison of Fig. 2 and 4 illustrated, the lane width 7,7 'of the respective flow path 6,6' does not vary over the height of the illustrated register 2, but remains constant. This is achieved in particular by the fact that the tubes 3 run parallel to one another.

In the Fig. 5 is a register 2 'shown schematically in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the tubes 3. In this register, the pipe layers 5 'are not parallel, but obliquely aligned to the inflow direction AS of the Nutzfuids with respect to the register 2'. This is going through a small offset of the rows of tubes 4 'following each other in the direction of flow AS is achieved by a large part of the lane width of the flow lane 6 ", thus forming flow lanes 6" where the inlet-side openings 14 of the flow lanes 6 "do not for the useful fluid overlap more with the outlet-side openings 15 of the flow paths 6 ".

That in the Fig. 6 shown register 22 of a heat exchanger 21 differs from that in the Fig. 2 to 3 Register 2 shown by the fact that pipes are installed 3,23 different diameters. In this case, 5.25 exclusively tubes 3.23 are provided with identical diameter in each pipe layer. The pipe layers 5,25 are also so assembled to the register 22 that follow two pipe layers 5 with pipes 3 small diameter always a pipe layer 25 of a large diameter and this always two pipe layers 5 with pipes 3 small diameter. The two adjacent pipe layers 5 with pipes 3 of smaller diameter are held by a common holding element 8 which extends along the flow path 6 formed by these two pipe layers 5 and is also formed rod-shaped. In contrast, between the tube layer 25 with the tubes 23 with a large diameter and the adjacent tube layer 5 with tubes 3 with a small diameter, there is always a flow gap 26 between the tube layer 25, which has a large lane width 27.

From an economic point of view, each tube layer 25 with tubes 23 of a large diameter is held by a separate holding element 28, which is arranged laterally to the tube layer 25. Therefore, this holding element 28 also comes without separate spacers. The two adjacent pipe layers 5 with tubes 3 of a smaller diameter are in the illustrated embodiment, as already to the Fig. 2 to 4 described constructed. The same applies in principle for the arrangement of the purge line in the flow paths 6 with a small lane width 7, so the flow paths 6 between the pipe layers 5 with tubes 3 of a small diameter. That in the Fig. 6 shown register 22 has exclusively rectilinear tubes 3.23. It could also be used in any case partly curved pipes to build the register.

In the in the Fig. 7 shown register 42 of a heat exchanger 41 is similar to that in the Fig. 2 shown register 2, only the foremost row of tubes 44 shown, since the other rows of tubes 44 are arranged in alignment with the front row of tubes 44.

The peculiarity of in the Fig. 7 represented register 42 in comparison to the register 2 according to the Fig. 2 to 4 is that the tubes 43 are alternately part of a first pipe layer 45 and a second pipe layer 45 'of the common pipe row 44. The tubes 43 cross each other in the transition from the first tube layer 45 to the second tube layer 45 'and vice versa. Between the corresponding intersection points 53, a flow lane 46 with narrow sections 54, ie smaller lane widths 47, is formed. Some of the narrow portions 54 have one Spacer 50 or a purge line 52 on. In the illustrated embodiment, the purge line 52 has the same outer diameter as the spacer 50, so that the purge line 52 holds the two pairs crossed tubes 43 at the same time to each other at the desired distance.

The illustrated crossed tubes 43 are rigid, so that between two points of intersection 53 of the tubes 43 not in any case a means must be provided, which contributes to the spacing of the tubes 43. When using flexible pipes such means would preferably be provided between each two adjacent crossing points of a flow, so that the tubes permanently occupy the desired position.

The flow lanes 46 'adjacent to the two crossed tubes 43 have varying lane widths 47'. The flow paths 46 'are at the level of the intersection points 53 widest and mid-height between the intersection points 53 narrowest. Thus, the flow channels 46 'adjoining the crossed tubes 43, which are delimited by the adjacent rectilinear tubes 43' of the tube row 44, again alternately have narrow sections 54 'and further sections 55 over their height.

The crossing of the tubes 43 takes place in Fig. 7 illustrated embodiment in the manner of a braid, wherein each of the two crossed tubes 43 alternately in the flow direction S before and behind the other tube 43 to the other pipe layer 45,45 'is performed.

However, this can, as in the in the Fig. 8 illustrated embodiment of a register 62 of a heat exchanger 61, if necessary, be dispensed with. There, the one tube 63 of the two crossed tubes 63, 63 'is always guided in front of the other tube 63' to the other tube layer 65, 65 '.

In the in the Fig. 7 and 8th shown register 42,62 alternate pairs crossed tubes 43,63,63 'and rectilinear tubes 43', 63 "in a row of tubes 44,64 from each other.

In contrast, in the in the Fig. 9 shown register 82 of a heat exchanger 81, all tubes 83 of a row of tubes 84 are each crossed in pairs, in each case several times over the longitudinal extent of the tubes 83. There are always the same tubes 83 crossed with each other. In principle, however, it would also be possible for tubes to be crossed alternately with different tubes, preferably from different tube layers. It is also not mandatory that only pipes 83 of adjacent pipe layers 85 are crossed with each other and / or the tubes 83 crossed with each other always belong to the same pipe row 84. The tubes 83 are crossed in a braid with each other.

That in the Fig. 9 shown register 82 has only pairs crossed tubes 83. The points of intersection 93 of the pairs of crossed tubes 83 in any case of one row of tubes 84 lie in common planes 96 parallel to the flow direction. As a result, in the flow paths 86 between the pairs crossed tubes 83 in the region of the crossing points 93 wide sections 95 and narrow sections 94 between them provided so that the lane widths 87,87 'over the longitudinal extent of the flow paths 86 vary. The paired crossed tubes 83 each define a flow path 86 'therebetween having only narrow portions 94' with smaller lane widths 87 ", which need not be identical to the narrow portions 94 'of the respective adjacent flow lanes 86.

With regard to the spacers 90 and purge lines 92, which are provided in the flow paths 86 'defined by the pairs of crossed tubes 83 as required, the same applies, which already applies to that in the FIGS Fig. 7 shown heat exchanger 41 has been executed.

In an embodiment, not shown, of a register with tubes crossed in pairs, the points of intersection of adjacent tubes, which are crossed with one another, could also lie on different planes. For example, only every second crossing point lies in the direction of a row of pipes in one of these planes. Preferably, in each case the points of intersection of two tubes crossed with one another in the longitudinal extent of the tubes and / or the register lie substantially, in particular centrally, between the points of intersection of the adjacent crossed tubes, in particular on both sides of the tube row. The crossing points of these adjacent to both sides of the row of tubes, each pairwise crossed tubes are then preferably on common levels, especially with the crossing points of the next but one another in pairs crossed tubes of at least one row of tubes.

A corresponding arrangement has the consequence that the flow path between each two pairs crossed pipes over the flow path height has a relatively uniform lane width. According to a corresponding embodiment, the corresponding flow path would assume a substantially serpentine shape.

In the Fig. 10 For example, the bottom portion of a heat exchanger 101 is shown with U-shaped tubes 103. The U-shaped tubes 103 of the register 102 are suspended in the heat exchanger 101 in the direction of gravity, so that the tube curves 117 of the U-shaped tubes 103 point in the direction of the bottom 118 of the heat exchanger 101. Between the curved tubes 103 and the bottom 118 of the heat exchanger 101 remains a gap 119 through which the working fluid can flow. In the area of the tube bends 117, in the flow direction S of the useful fluid in front of the tubes 103 of the register 102, there is a barrier 120 which is shown in the form of a plate and extends in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction S of the useful fluid in the illustrated embodiment. In this case, the barrier 120 is arranged such that between the bottom 118 of the heat exchanger 101 and the lower edge 121 of the barrier 120, a gap 119 is formed, through which the useful fluid flows at an increased speed and in the bottom area separated entrainment components, such as particles entrains, without This can lead to an increased abrasion at the register 102 in the region of the pipe bends 117. This increased flow rate of the Nutzfluids in the gap 122 below the pipe bends 117 is schematically in the sectional view of Fig. 11 shown.

As a result of the stagnation of the Nutzfluids in the flow direction S in front of the barrier 120 also results in increased flow velocities in the overflow of the barrier 120 through the Nutzfluid, which thus flows at an increased flow rate through the region of the tube curvatures 117 and there interference components, from the top of the flow of Nutzfluids have sunk, removed. In addition, the flow lanes can be widened with large lane widths in the region of the lower end of the register where the pipe bends are located, whereby the flow lanes are narrowed locally with small lane widths. This can have a positive effect on the removal of the interfering components from the register.

Claims (17)

1. Register (2, 2', 22, 42, 62, 82, 102) for the indirect heat exchange between a utility fluid, in particular a flue gas, comprising interfering components, and a heat transfer fluid in a heat exchanger (1, 21, 41, 61, 81,101),

   - comprising a plurality of tubes (3, 23, 43, 43', 63, 63', 63", 83, 103) for conveying the heat transfer fluid,

   - the tubes (3, 23, 43, 43', 63, 63', 63", 83, 103) being arranged in a plurality of layers (5, 5', 25, 45, 45', 65, 65', 85) and in a plurality of rows (4, 4', 24, 44, 64, 84),

   - the layers of tubes (5, 5', 25, 45, 45', 65, 65', 85) and the rows of tubes (4,4', 24, 44, 64, 84), running transversely to one another,

   - the layers of tubes (5, 5', 25, 45, 45', 65, 65', 85) defining a plurality of flow channels (6, 6', 6", 26, 46, 46', 86, 86') for the throughflow of the utility fluid,

   - in at least one row of tubes (4,4', 24, 44, 64, 84), at least one flow channel (6, 6', 6", 26, 46, 46', 86, 86') being provided with a small channel width (7, 47, 87, 87") and at least one flow channel (6, 6', 6", 26, 46, 46', 86, 86') being provided with a large channel width (7', 27,47', 87'), and/or

   - in at least one row of tubes (4,4', 24, 44, 64, 84), at least one flow channel (6, 6', 6", 26, 46, 46', 86, 86') being provided with a narrow portion (54, 54',94,94') defined by a small channel width (7, 47, 87, 87") and with a wide portion (55, 95) defined by a large channel width (7', 27, 47', 87'), and

   - the large channel width (7', 27, 47', 87') being configured to produce a high flow velocity of the utility fluid and the small channel width (7, 47, 87, 87") being configured to produce a low flow velocity of the utility fluid,
   characterised in that

   - in at least one row of tubes (4, 24), each tube (3, 23) is fixed on a retaining element (8, 28) which is rod-shaped and substantially extends along the layers of tubes (5, 25) and

   - in at least one row of tubes (4), a respective retaining element (8) is only provided in every second flow channel (6) and the tubes (3), adjacent to the respective retaining element (8), of the at least one row of tubes (4) are fixed on the respective retaining element (8).
2. Register according to claim 1, characterised in that a constant channel width (7, 7', 27, 47, 47', 87, 87', 87") is provided in at least two rows of tubes (4, 4', 24, 44, 64, 84) following one another in the flow direction (S) of the utility fluid, in at least one flow channel (6, 6', 6", 26, 46, 46', 86, 86') and/or in that precisely one layer of tubes (25) is fixed on at least one retaining element (28) of the register (22) and precisely two adjacent layers of tubes (5) are fixed on at least one other retaining element (8) and/or in that the retaining elements (8, 28) extend substantially laterally to the layers of tubes (5, 25) held by the retaining element (8, 28).
3. Register according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that between the tubes (3), fixed on the retaining elements, of at least one row of tubes (4), the retaining elements (8) have spacers (10) for spacing the tubes (3) fixed on the retaining elements (8) and/or are configured as spacers and/or in that the retaining elements (8) are respectively arranged in the flow channel (6) having the small channel width (7) and/or in the narrow portion of the flow channel (6) and/or in that a flush line (12, 52, 92) for the supply of flushing medium is provided in at least one flow channel (6, 46, 86') having a small channel width (7) or in a narrow portion (47, 87") in at least one row of tubes (4, 44, 84).
4. Register according to claim 3, characterised in that a flush line (12, 92) is provided in every second flow channel (6, 86') in at least one row of tubes (4, 84) and/or in that the flush lines (12, 52, 92) are configured as spacers for spacing adjacent tubes (3, 43, 83) of the at least one row of tubes (4, 84) and/or in that the flush lines (12, 92) are respectively arranged in the flow channel (6, 46, 86') having the small channel width (7) and/or in the narrow portion (54, 94') of the flow channel (6, 46, 86') and/or in that at least one retaining element is simultaneously configured as a flush line, or vice versa.
5. Register according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least one layer of tubes (5') is aligned in an inclined and/or curved manner, at least in portions, with respect to the onflow direction (AS) of the utility fluid through the register (2') and, preferably, in that at least two layers of tubes (5') define between them a flow channel (6") having an inlet-side opening (14) and an outlet-side opening (15) for the utility fluid, such that the inlet-side opening (14) does not overlap with the outlet-side opening (15) in the onflow direction (AS) of the utility fluid with respect to the register (2').
6. Register according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that flow channels (6, 6', 6", 26) having in each case a constant channel width (7, 7', 27) are provided in at least one row of tubes (4, 4', 24), in particular all the flow channels (6, 6', 6", 26) have in each case a constant channel width (7, 7', 27) in at least one row of tubes (4, 4', 24).
7. Register according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that arranged in at least one row of tubes (44, 64, 84) is at least one flow channel (46', 86) having narrow portions (54, 94) and wide portions (55, 95) which alternate in the longitudinal direction of the tubes (43, 43', 63, 63', 63", 83), in particular all the flow channels (46', 86) have alternately narrow portions (54, 94) and wide portions (55, 95) in at least one row of tubes (44, 64, 84) and, preferably, in that flow channels (6, 6', 6", 26, 46, 46', 86, 86') are arranged next to one another at least in portions in at least one row of tubes (4, 4', 24, 44, 64, 84) such that wide portions (55, 95) and narrow portions (54, 94) and/or large channel widths (7', 27) and small channel widths (7) alternate.
8. Register according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that provided in an alternating manner in at least two rows of tubes following one another in the flow direction of the utility fluid (S), in at least one flow channel are a narrow portion and a wide portion or in an alternating manner a large channel width and a small channel width and/or in that at least individual tubes (43, 63, 63', 83) of at least one row of tubes (44, 64, 84) are arranged in regions in a first layer of tubes (45, 65, 85) and in regions in a second layer of tubes (45', 65', 85) and, preferably, the first layer of tubes (45, 65, 85) and the second layer of tubes (45', 65', 85) are adjacent layers of tubes (45, 45', 65, 65', 85) and, preferably, the flow channel (46, 86') defined by the first layer of tubes (45, 65, 85) and the second layer of tubes (45', 65', 85) in at least one row of tubes (44, 64, 84) has a plurality of narrow portions (54, 94) and/or wide portions.
9. Register according to claim 8, characterised in that at least individual tubes (43, 63, 63', 83) of at least one row of tubes (44, 64, 84) cross one another, preferably repeatedly, along the length of the tubes (43, 63, 63', 83), in particular substantially all the tubes (43, 63, 63', 83) of at least one row of tubes (44, 64, 84) are crossed by a respective adjacent tube (43, 63, 63', 83) preferably repeatedly, along the length of the respective tubes and preferably in that either in at least one row of tubes (44, 64, 84), the crossing points (53, 93) of the tubes (43, 63, 63', 83) are arranged substantially on the same plane (96), preferably on the same planes (96), vertically to the length of the tubes (43, 63, 63', 83) or in at least one row of tubes, adjacent tubes which do not cross one another have crossing points on different planes vertically to the length of the tubes and preferably, in at least one row of tubes, adjacent tubes crossing one another define, via their crossing points, planes vertically to the length of the tubes which are arranged, preferably centrally, between the planes which extend vertically to the length of the tubes and are defined by the crossing points of further, preferably adjacent tubes which cross one another.
10. Register according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that tubes (43', 63") which are preferably straight in each case are provided adjacent to tubes (43, 63) which cross one another in at least one row of tubes (44, 64).
11. Register according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that provided in at least one row of tubes (24) and/or layer of tubes (25) are tubes (3, 23) having an appreciably different diameter and, preferably, only tubes (3, 23) having an identical diameter are provided in at least one layer of tubes (5, 25) and/or in that the tubes (3, 23, 43, 43', 63, 63', 63", 83, 103) of the register (2, 2', 22, 42, 62, 82,102) are produced from metal and/or from a plastics material, preferably from a fluoroplastics material, in particular from perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).
12. Register according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the tubes (3, 23, 43, 43', 63, 63', 63", 83, 103) are rigid or flexible and/or in that at least one row of tubes (24) and/or one layer of tubes comprises both flexible tubes (3) and rigid tubes (23) and/or in that at least one layer of tubes is configured as a tube disc for reflecting sound waves and, preferably, two to six tube discs are provided in the register.
13. Heat exchanger comprising at least one register, characterised in that the register is a register according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and, preferably, a barrier (120), arranged transversely to the direction of flow (S), to protect the register (102) against abrasion by particles entrained by the utility fluid is provided in the flow direction (S) of the utility fluid upstream of the lower end of the register (102) in the direction of gravity.
14. Heat exchanger according to claim 13, characterised in that the barrier (120) forms with a base (118) of the heat exchanger (101) a gap (119) provided for the accelerated throughflow of the utility fluid and, preferably, the height of the free gap (119) corresponds at most to approximately the minimum distance between the lower end of the register (102) and the base (118) of the heat exchanger (101).
15. Heat exchanger according to claim 13 or claim 14, characterised in that the tubes (103) of the register (102) have curvatures (117) at the lower end of the register (102) in the direction of gravity and, preferably, in the region of the tube curvatures (117) in at least one row of tubes, the channel width is maximum at least in a flow channel having a large channel width and, further preferably, in the region of the tube curvatures (117) in at least one row of tubes the channel width is substantially zero at least in a flow channel having a small channel width.
16. Use of at least one register according to any one of claims 1 to 12, for heating and/or cooling gas, in particular flue gas, containing interfering components, and preferably wherein the interfering components are particles or condensate and/or wherein the interfering components are entrained liquid.
17. Use according to claim 16, wherein the register is connected upstream and/or downstream of a flue gas scrubber.

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