EP2451676B1 - Vehicle seat back rest structure and the corresponding manufacturing method - Google Patents

Vehicle seat back rest structure and the corresponding manufacturing method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2451676B1
EP2451676B1 EP10732814.8A EP10732814A EP2451676B1 EP 2451676 B1 EP2451676 B1 EP 2451676B1 EP 10732814 A EP10732814 A EP 10732814A EP 2451676 B1 EP2451676 B1 EP 2451676B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite material
thermoplastic composite
seat back
rest structure
back rest
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10732814.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2451676A2 (en
Inventor
Eric B. Michalak
Gregg R. Laframboise
Daniel J. Sakkinen
Ornela Zekavica
Antoine Kmeid
Joseph F. Prosniewski
Alexander I. Balin
Nicholas L. Petouhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Adient Luxembourg Holding SARL
Original Assignee
Adient Luxembourg Holding SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Adient Luxembourg Holding SARL filed Critical Adient Luxembourg Holding SARL
Publication of EP2451676A2 publication Critical patent/EP2451676A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2451676B1 publication Critical patent/EP2451676B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
    • A47C7/36—Support for the head or the back
    • A47C7/40—Support for the head or the back for the back
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/68—Seat frames
    • B60N2/686—Panel like structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/68—Seat frames

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to a method for manufacturing a back rest structure for vehicle seats.
  • Such back rest structures for vehicle seats are commonly provided with a back panel element and a seat back frame element which are made of metal.
  • a rear seat backrest frame for a rear backrest component of a vehicle seat having at least one main plate, a left and right vertically extending lateral hat-shaped section, one upper and one lower transversely extending hat-shaped section, the hat-shaped sections are welded to the front surface of the main plate.
  • Such metal structures have the drawback that their weight is considerable and that the production process involves methods, such as welding, that are costly and tend to conduct to comparably high tolerance ranges of the finished product.
  • One object of the present invention is to eliminate or at least reduce the drawbacks related to the prior art and to provide a method of manufacturing such back rest structures such that at comparable stability and strength properties of the back rest structure a lower weight of the back rest structure, a more cost effective production and lower tolerance ranges are possible to achieve.
  • a back rest structure for vehicle seats having a back panel element and a seat back frame element is disclosed, the back panel element and the seat back frame element being fixed to each other, where at least one of the back panel element or of the back frame element being provided of a thermoplastic composite material, the thermoplastic composite material comprising a thermoplastic compound material and a reinforcement material, wherein with respect to the thermoplastic composite material the reinforcement material represents 50 wt-% or more than 50 wt-%.
  • the reinforcement material represents 65 wt-% or more than 65 wt-% of the thermoplastic composite material.
  • the reinforcement material represents 80 wt-% or more than 80 wt-% of the thermoplastic composite material.
  • thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a tape. Furthermore, it is disclosed that the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a film or in the form of a foil-like structure or sheet.
  • thermoplastic composite material in a comparably inexpensive manner.
  • thermoplastic composite material comprises PET as the thermoplastic compound material.
  • thermoplastic composite material is at least partly provided hollow or comprises at least partly a hollow.
  • the thermoplastic composite material comprises a foam material or a foam core element.
  • the foam core element has a density equal to or higher of 0,040 g/cm 3 and equal to or lower of 0,120 g/cm 3 , preferably equal to or higher of 0,060 g/cm 3 and equal to or lower of 0,100 g/cm 3 , more preferably equal to or higher of 0,075 g/cm 3 and equal to or lower of 0,085 g/cm 3 and most preferably in the range of 0,080 g/cm 3 .
  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a back rest structure for vehicle seats according to claim 1.
  • thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a tape. Furthermore, it is disclosed that the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a film or in the form of a foil-like structure or sheet.
  • the back panel element and the seat back frame element are provided of a thermoplastic composite material, wherein the back panel element and the seat back frame element are attached to one another by thermoforming.
  • thermoplastic compound material of the thermoplastic composite material may preferably comprise Polypropylene and/or Polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the reinforcement material of the thermoplastic composite material according to the present invention is provided as a glass material, especially glass fibers.
  • the reinforcement material of the thermoplastic composite material is provided as a volcanic rock based material, especially a fiber material based on a volcanic rock material.
  • the reinforcement material of the thermoplastic composite material is provided as a carbon fiber material or as a Kevlar fiber material or as a Basalt fiber material.
  • the reinforcement material of the thermoplastic composite material can also be made from a plurality of the mentioned fiber materials, e.g. the reinforcement material can be provided as a combination of glass fibers and basalt fibers.
  • the fibers of the reinforcement material have a length such as to extend over 20% or more of the largest dimension of the seat back frame element or the back panel element.
  • the fibers of the reinforcement material have a length such as to extend over 40% or more of the largest dimension of the seat back frame element or the back panel element, more preferably over 60% or more of the largest dimension of the seat back frame element or the back panel element, and still more preferably over 80% or more of the largest dimension of the seat back frame element or the back panel element.
  • thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated, formed as a tape from which the seat back frame element or the back panel element (or both) is formed or are formed by means of a heating step and by means of a subsequent forming step (thermoforming).
  • thermoplastic material as a source material.
  • thermoplastic source materials used for the seat back frame element and for the back panel element, respectively do not necessarily need to be identical with respect to their thickness and/or with respect to the nature of the reinforcement material used and/or with respect to the thermoplastic compound material used.
  • the back rest structure of the present invention for the case that both the seat back frame element and the back panel element is made of a thermoplastic material as a source material - does not comprise any additional adhesive material between the preformed source material parts.
  • no additional attachment techniques, such as welding or the like are preferably applied to produce the back rest structure according to the present invention.
  • the only steps are: providing the individual preformed elements - such as the seat back frame element and the back panel element, possibly heating the preformed elements and positioning and pressing the preformed elements together (e.g. by means of a thermoforming step) such that a stable connection is formed. This greatly reduces the production cost for providing the back rest structure.
  • the step of positioning and pressing the preformed elements together to form the back rest structure according to the present invention may also comprise an additional forming step.
  • an additional adhesive material between the preformed source material parts is used or that fasteners are used to join the preformed source material parts in order to form the back rest structure.
  • additional elements like side pivot brackets, belt deflection brackets or the like, adhesives or fasteners are usually used according to the present invention.
  • a back rest structure 3, especially a back rest structure for a rear seat row of a vehicle is schematically shown in figure 5 .
  • the seat back rest structure 3 comprises a seat back frame element 1 and a back panel element 2.
  • the seat back frame element 1 and the back panel element 2 are fixedly attached to one another.
  • Exemplary embodiments of a seat back frame element 1 are represented in figures 1 and 2 .
  • Exemplary embodiments of a back panel element 2 are represented in figures 3, 4 and 7 .
  • the seat back rest structure 3 preferably also comprises further elements or additional elements in order to realize specific functions within the vehicle, such as the back rest being tiltable (e.g.
  • additional elements are schematically shown in Figure 6 , namely a left and right hand side pivot bracket 32, 33, a belt deflection bracket 31, a tether bracket 34, and a latch bracket 35. These additional elements are usually attached to the back rest structure by means of an adhesive or by means of fasteners like bolts or the like.
  • the back panel element 2 can comprise a trim channel element 21 to allow for an easier trim assembly.
  • the thermoplastic composite material can be formed into a hook for the trim channel element.
  • the thermoplastic composite material can be provided hollow or without any foam ( figure 4b ) or can comprise a foam material 22 ( figure 4c ), especially a low density foam material 22, to separate different layers of the thermoplastic composite material and provide higher stiffness through mechanical advantages of the geometry.
  • the foam 22 or foam material 22 also called foam core element 22 adds very little mass to the system, the density of the foam core element 22 being e.g. in the range of 0,080 g/cm3 and the density of the thermoplastic composite material with 55wt-% of glass (and PET as the thermoplastic compound material of the thermoplastic composite material) being, e.g. 1,83 g/cm3.
  • both the seat back frame element 1 and the back panel element 2 are provided by means of a thermoplastic composite material.
  • Both the seat back frame element 1 and the back panel element 2 are provided by means of a thermoplastic composite material.
  • the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated (to provide a source material) in the form of a tape, then thermoformed (heated and formed) and possibly later on or previously stamped or cut.
  • the seat back frame element 1 and the back panel element 2 are preferably attached to one another also by thermoforming, i.e. heating and pressing the two elements together but alternatively further attachment methods like the use of an adhesive or a mechanical attachment is also possible.
  • the thermoplastic composite material comprises a thermoplastic compound material and a reinforcement material, wherein with respect to the thermoplastic composite material, the reinforcement material represents 65 wt-% or more than 65 wt-%. Preferably this percentage is even increased to 80 wt-%. With an increased content of the reinforcement material (within the thermoplastic composite material), a higher strength and a higher stiffness is possible to achieve according to the present invention.
  • teachings herein also contemplate methods of using the structures as described, as well as methods that include operational steps performed by the structures herein. Though the use of a single element, component or step is contemplated by the teachings, the disclosure of "a" or “one" to describe an element, component or step is not intended to foreclose additional elements, ingredients, components or steps.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention generally relates to a method for manufacturing a back rest structure for vehicle seats.
    • BACKGROUND
  • Such back rest structures for vehicle seats are commonly provided with a back panel element and a seat back frame element which are made of metal. From US patent publication US 2006/175887 A1 , a rear seat backrest frame for a rear backrest component of a vehicle seat is known, having at least one main plate, a left and right vertically extending lateral hat-shaped section, one upper and one lower transversely extending hat-shaped section, the hat-shaped sections are welded to the front surface of the main plate. Such metal structures have the drawback that their weight is considerable and that the production process involves methods, such as welding, that are costly and tend to conduct to comparably high tolerance ranges of the finished product.
  • Furthermore, the document DE 10 2007 053 964 A1 , which is considered the closest prior art, also discloses a method for manufacturing a back rest structure for vehicle seats.
    • SUMMARY
  • One object of the present invention is to eliminate or at least reduce the drawbacks related to the prior art and to provide a method of manufacturing such back rest structures such that at comparable stability and strength properties of the back rest structure a lower weight of the back rest structure, a more cost effective production and lower tolerance ranges are possible to achieve.
  • A back rest structure for vehicle seats having a back panel element and a seat back frame element is disclosed, the back panel element and the seat back frame element being fixed to each other, where at least one of the back panel element or of the back frame element being provided of a thermoplastic composite material, the thermoplastic composite material comprising a thermoplastic compound material and a reinforcement material, wherein with respect to the thermoplastic composite material the reinforcement material represents 50 wt-% or more than 50 wt-%. According to the present invention, the reinforcement material represents 65 wt-% or more than 65 wt-% of the thermoplastic composite material. According to other non-claimed embodiments, the reinforcement material represents 80 wt-% or more than 80 wt-% of the thermoplastic composite material.
  • According to the present invention, the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a tape. Furthermore, it is disclosed that the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a film or in the form of a foil-like structure or sheet.
  • Thereby, it is advantageously possible to provide the thermoplastic composite material in a comparably inexpensive manner.
  • It is further preferred according to the present invention that the thermoplastic composite material comprises PET as the thermoplastic compound material.
  • Furthermore, it is preferred that the thermoplastic composite material is at least partly provided hollow or comprises at least partly a hollow.
  • Thereby, it is advantageously possible to reduce the weight and to increase the stability (or strength) of the resulting back rest structure.
  • According to the present invention, the thermoplastic composite material comprises a foam material or a foam core element.
  • Thereby, a further increase in stability can be achieved for the resulting back rest structure.
  • According to the present invention, the foam core element has a density equal to or higher of 0,040 g/cm3 and equal to or lower of 0,120 g/cm3, preferably equal to or higher of 0,060 g/cm3 and equal to or lower of 0,100 g/cm3, more preferably equal to or higher of 0,075 g/cm3 and equal to or lower of 0,085 g/cm3 and most preferably in the range of 0,080 g/cm3.
  • The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a back rest structure for vehicle seats according to claim 1.
  • Thereby, it is advantageously possible to achieve - at comparable stability and strength properties of the back rest structure - a lower weight of the back rest structure, a more cost effective production and lower tolerance ranges.
  • According to the present invention, the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a tape. Furthermore, it is disclosed that the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a film or in the form of a foil-like structure or sheet.
  • Furthermore, according to the present invention, the back panel element and the seat back frame element are provided of a thermoplastic composite material, wherein the back panel element and the seat back frame element are attached to one another by thermoforming.
  • The thermoplastic compound material of the thermoplastic composite material may preferably comprise Polypropylene and/or Polyethylene terephthalate.
  • The reinforcement material of the thermoplastic composite material according to the present invention is provided as a glass material, especially glass fibers. According to the present invention, the reinforcement material of the thermoplastic composite material is provided as a volcanic rock based material, especially a fiber material based on a volcanic rock material. Furthermore, according to other embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcement material of the thermoplastic composite material is provided as a carbon fiber material or as a Kevlar fiber material or as a Basalt fiber material. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the reinforcement material of the thermoplastic composite material can also be made from a plurality of the mentioned fiber materials, e.g. the reinforcement material can be provided as a combination of glass fibers and basalt fibers.
  • According to other non-claimed embodiments, the fibers of the reinforcement material have a length such as to extend over 20% or more of the largest dimension of the seat back frame element or the back panel element. Preferably, the fibers of the reinforcement material have a length such as to extend over 40% or more of the largest dimension of the seat back frame element or the back panel element, more preferably over 60% or more of the largest dimension of the seat back frame element or the back panel element, and still more preferably over 80% or more of the largest dimension of the seat back frame element or the back panel element.
  • According to the present invention, it is furthermore preferred that the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated, formed as a tape from which the seat back frame element or the back panel element (or both) is formed or are formed by means of a heating step and by means of a subsequent forming step (thermoforming).
  • Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is preferred to provide both the seat back frame element and the back panel element by the thermoplastic material as a source material. It is hereby to understand that the thermoplastic source materials used for the seat back frame element and for the back panel element, respectively, do not necessarily need to be identical with respect to their thickness and/or with respect to the nature of the reinforcement material used and/or with respect to the thermoplastic compound material used.
  • However, it is preferred according to the present invention that the back rest structure of the present invention - for the case that both the seat back frame element and the back panel element is made of a thermoplastic material as a source material - does not comprise any additional adhesive material between the preformed source material parts. According to this preferred embodiment, no additional attachment techniques, such as welding or the like are preferably applied to produce the back rest structure according to the present invention. In order for the back rest structure to be assembled, the only steps are: providing the individual preformed elements - such as the seat back frame element and the back panel element, possibly heating the preformed elements and positioning and pressing the preformed elements together (e.g. by means of a thermoforming step) such that a stable connection is formed. This greatly reduces the production cost for providing the back rest structure. The step of positioning and pressing the preformed elements together to form the back rest structure according to the present invention may also comprise an additional forming step. Alternatively, it is also possible according to other non-claimed embodiments, an additional adhesive material between the preformed source material parts is used or that fasteners are used to join the preformed source material parts in order to form the back rest structure. With respect to additional elements like side pivot brackets, belt deflection brackets or the like, adhesives or fasteners are usually used according to the present invention.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate schematically an exemplary embodiment of a seat back frame element.
    • Figures 3, 4 and 7 illustrate schematically an exemplary embodiment of a back panel element.
    • Figure 5 illustrates schematically an exemplary embodiment of a back rest structure comprising a back panel element and a seat back frame element.
    • Figure 6 illustrates schematically additional elements of an exemplary back rest structure.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • The invention is generally described with respect to figures 1 to 7. A back rest structure 3, especially a back rest structure for a rear seat row of a vehicle is schematically shown in figure 5. The seat back rest structure 3 comprises a seat back frame element 1 and a back panel element 2. The seat back frame element 1 and the back panel element 2 are fixedly attached to one another. Exemplary embodiments of a seat back frame element 1 are represented in figures 1 and 2. Exemplary embodiments of a back panel element 2 are represented in figures 3, 4 and 7. The seat back rest structure 3 preferably also comprises further elements or additional elements in order to realize specific functions within the vehicle, such as the back rest being tiltable (e.g. frontwardly to allow for either an enhanced comfort level of a seat occupant or to allow for the possibility to increase the loading capacity of the vehicle), the back rest being lockable to the vehicle body, or the back rest providing additional attachment points, e.g. for child seats or the like. Such additional elements are schematically shown in Figure 6, namely a left and right hand side pivot bracket 32, 33, a belt deflection bracket 31, a tether bracket 34, and a latch bracket 35. These additional elements are usually attached to the back rest structure by means of an adhesive or by means of fasteners like bolts or the like.
  • As shown in Figure 4 (i.e. Figures 4a, 4b and 4c), the back panel element 2 can comprise a trim channel element 21 to allow for an easier trim assembly. In figures 4a, 4b, 4c, it is shown how the thermoplastic composite material can be formed into a hook for the trim channel element. As shown in figure 4b and 4c, the thermoplastic composite material can be provided hollow or without any foam (figure 4b) or can comprise a foam material 22 (figure 4c), especially a low density foam material 22, to separate different layers of the thermoplastic composite material and provide higher stiffness through mechanical advantages of the geometry. The foam 22 or foam material 22 (also called foam core element 22) adds very little mass to the system, the density of the foam core element 22 being e.g. in the range of 0,080 g/cm3 and the density of the thermoplastic composite material with 55wt-% of glass (and PET as the thermoplastic compound material of the thermoplastic composite material) being, e.g. 1,83 g/cm3.
  • According to the present invention, - both the seat back frame element 1 and the back panel element 2 are provided by means of a thermoplastic composite material.
  • Both the seat back frame element 1 and the back panel element 2 are provided by means of a thermoplastic composite material. Preferably, the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated (to provide a source material) in the form of a tape, then thermoformed (heated and formed) and possibly later on or previously stamped or cut. The seat back frame element 1 and the back panel element 2 are preferably attached to one another also by thermoforming, i.e. heating and pressing the two elements together but alternatively further attachment methods like the use of an adhesive or a mechanical attachment is also possible.
  • The thermoplastic composite material comprises a thermoplastic compound material and a reinforcement material, wherein with respect to the thermoplastic composite material, the reinforcement material represents 65 wt-% or more than 65 wt-%. Preferably this percentage is even increased to 80 wt-%. With an increased content of the reinforcement material (within the thermoplastic composite material), a higher strength and a higher stiffness is possible to achieve according to the present invention.
  • The explanations and illustrations presented herein are intended to acquaint others skilled in the art with the invention, its principles, and its practical application. Those skilled in the art may adapt and apply the invention in its numerous forms, as may be best suited to the requirements of a particular use. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention as set forth are not intended as being exhaustive or limiting of the invention. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of" (or a derivation thereof) to describe a combination shall include the elements, components or steps identified, and such other elements, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" (or derivations thereof) to describe combinations of elements, components or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of (or even consist of) the elements, ingredients, components or steps. Plural elements, ingredients, components or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, ingredient, component or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, ingredient, component or step might be divided into separate plural elements, ingredients, components or steps. The teachings herein also contemplate methods of using the structures as described, as well as methods that include operational steps performed by the structures herein. Though the use of a single element, component or step is contemplated by the teachings, the disclosure of "a" or "one" to describe an element, component or step is not intended to foreclose additional elements, ingredients, components or steps.

Claims (1)

  1. Method for manufacturing a back rest structure (3) for vehicle seats, the back rest structure (3) having a back panel element (2) and a seat back frame element (1), the back panel element (2) and the seat back frame element (1) being fixed to each other, wherein the back panel element (2) and the seat back frame element (1) are provided of a thermoplastic composite material, the thermoplastic composite material comprising a thermoplastic compound material and a reinforcement material, wherein with respect to the thermoplastic composite material the reinforcement material represents 65 wt-% or more than 65 wt-% and wherein the thermoplastic composite material comprises a foam material (22) or a foam core element (22) having a density equal to or higher of 0,040 g/cm3 and equal to or lower of 0,120 g/cm3, wherein the reinforcement material is glass fibers, a fiber material based on a volcanic rock material, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, or a combination thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
    -- prefabricating the thermoplastic composite material in the form of a tape,
    -- thermoforming the thermoplastic composite material,
    -- stamping or cutting the thermoplastic composite material,
    wherein the step of stamping or cutting the thermoplastic composite material is performed either prior or later to thermoforming the thermoplastic composite material, wherein the thermoplastic composite material is prefabricated in the form of a tape , wherein the back panel element (2) and the seat back frame element (1) are attached to one another by thermoforming.
EP10732814.8A 2009-07-10 2010-07-09 Vehicle seat back rest structure and the corresponding manufacturing method Not-in-force EP2451676B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22455909P 2009-07-10 2009-07-10
PCT/US2010/041455 WO2011006025A2 (en) 2009-07-10 2010-07-09 Vehicle seat back rest structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2451676A2 EP2451676A2 (en) 2012-05-16
EP2451676B1 true EP2451676B1 (en) 2018-11-07

Family

ID=43304649

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10732814.8A Not-in-force EP2451676B1 (en) 2009-07-10 2010-07-09 Vehicle seat back rest structure and the corresponding manufacturing method

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8864239B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2451676B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5642174B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101426851B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102470788B (en)
WO (1) WO2011006025A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9643524B2 (en) * 2006-09-05 2017-05-09 Faurecia Autositze Gmbh Backrest for a rear seat of a motor vehicle
WO2011006025A2 (en) 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Johnson Controls Technology Company Vehicle seat back rest structure
JP5771019B2 (en) * 2011-02-09 2015-08-26 帝人株式会社 Vehicle seat back frame structure
JP5771020B2 (en) * 2011-02-09 2015-08-26 帝人株式会社 Vehicle seat back frame structure
US9707878B2 (en) * 2012-01-26 2017-07-18 Johnson Controls Technology Company Method for manufacturing a one-piece seat back structure
US10105886B2 (en) 2012-10-09 2018-10-23 Reliant Worldwide Plastics, Llc Thermoplastic injection molded element with integral thermoplastic positioning system for reinforced composite structures
DE102013218096B4 (en) * 2013-02-27 2014-12-24 Johnson Controls Components Gmbh & Co. Kg Backrest for a seat, in particular a vehicle seat
DE102013223835A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-05 Johnson Controls Components Gmbh & Co. Kg Composite component, in particular for a vehicle seat, and vehicle seat
US9394052B2 (en) 2013-09-10 2016-07-19 Reliant Worldwide Plastics, Llc Tray table and method of manufacture
DE102013021692A1 (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Automotive seat element
JP6256121B2 (en) * 2014-03-12 2018-01-10 スズキ株式会社 Vehicle seat structure
MA39944A (en) * 2014-05-02 2017-03-08 Reliant Worldwide Plastics Llc Method and system for homogenous thermoplastic seat back assembly
US9623972B2 (en) 2014-06-16 2017-04-18 Reliant Worldwide Plastics, Llc Method and apparatus for composite thermoplastic arm rest assembly
EP3078542B1 (en) * 2015-04-10 2017-06-14 C.R.F. Società Consortile Per Azioni Seat backrest for a motor vehicle
CN104816660A (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-08-05 郑州翎羽新材料有限公司 High-strength thermoplastic composite plastic seat part and manufacturing method thereof
US10112720B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2018-10-30 Reliant Worldwide Plastics, Llc Method and apparatus for a homogeneous thermoplastic leg support
WO2017073484A1 (en) 2015-10-29 2017-05-04 テイ・エス テック株式会社 Skeletal structure
WO2017079088A1 (en) 2015-11-04 2017-05-11 Reliant Worldwide Plastics, Llc Method and apparatus for a thermoplastic homogeneous failure module
DE102017200535A1 (en) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-20 Adient Luxembourg Holding S.à.r.l. Method for producing a component
EP3202618A1 (en) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-09 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Passenger seatback assembly with thermoplastic elements
CN107599922A (en) * 2017-10-19 2018-01-19 天津东方兴泰工业科技股份有限公司 A kind of backrest welded plate assembly for being capable of Promoting Layered Buffer function
US10703240B2 (en) * 2018-06-27 2020-07-07 Tesla, Inc. Reduced-component vehicle seatback
FR3106574B1 (en) * 2020-01-28 2024-02-16 Safran Seats SEAT ELEMENT WITH A BOX STRUCTURE
CN112356457A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-02-12 上海晋飞碳纤科技股份有限公司 Mould pressing and bag pressing integrated forming process for composite material chair back

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080277987A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-13 Cutting Dynamics, Inc. Composite seat back frame
DE102007053964A1 (en) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-22 Johnson Controls Gmbh Structure for a vehicle seat

Family Cites Families (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3647260A (en) * 1970-08-13 1972-03-07 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Replaceable seat insert and process of making
US3861747A (en) * 1972-12-11 1975-01-21 Norman Diamond Modular seat for public use
JPS574427A (en) * 1980-06-09 1982-01-11 Tachikawa Spring Co Ltd Synthetic resin frame for seat
JPS58190224A (en) 1982-04-30 1983-11-07 株式会社日立製作所 Ground-fault channel selecting relay
JPS58190224U (en) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-17 アイシン精機株式会社 Automotive resin seat frame
US4577907A (en) * 1984-10-19 1986-03-25 Air-Lock Plastics, Inc. Seat assembly
US5050931A (en) * 1986-04-10 1991-09-24 Steelcase Inc. Controlled deflection front lip for seating
JPH09226039A (en) * 1996-02-21 1997-09-02 Toray Ind Inc Fiber-reinforced plastic member
US5895096A (en) * 1997-04-10 1999-04-20 Lear Corporation Vehicle seat back assembly and method of making a vehicle seat back assembly
DE19827563A1 (en) 1998-06-20 1999-12-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Back of car seat made of two individual plastic shells
AT3804U1 (en) * 1999-05-27 2000-08-25 Tcg Unitech Ag SEATREST FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE
US6260924B1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2001-07-17 Johnson Controls Technology Company Modular seat back system
US6565152B2 (en) * 1999-12-23 2003-05-20 Transportation Seating, Inc. Lightweight seat assembly for public transportation vehicle
US6491346B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2002-12-10 Dow Global Technologies, Inc. Seating system and method for making the same
FR2814425B1 (en) * 2000-09-22 2003-02-21 Peguform France ENGINE FAIRING FOR IMPROVED RESISTANCE VEHICLE
JP2005000194A (en) * 2003-06-09 2005-01-06 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd Skeleton material of backrest and its manufacturing method
FR2856351B1 (en) 2003-06-20 2005-10-28 Faurecia Sieges Automobile SEAT BACK FOLDING OF A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND METHOD OF MAKING SUCH A REINFORCEMENT
US7111888B1 (en) * 2003-09-09 2006-09-26 Motorsports Builders, Llc Molded safety seat
DE102005005485A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Faurecia Autositze Gmbh & Co. Kg Rear seat frame for a rear seat part of a vehicle seat and method for its production
US8128174B2 (en) * 2006-01-31 2012-03-06 Lear Corporation Pocketed molded vehicle backrest
WO2007110737A2 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-10-04 Herman Miller Inc. Ergonomic seat
US7954762B2 (en) * 2006-05-17 2011-06-07 The Boeing Company Lightweight aircraft passenger seat with composite construction
KR101443401B1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2014-10-02 바스프 에스이 Composite component
US7717519B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-05-18 The Boeing Company Composite seat back structure for a lightweight aircraft seat assembly
EP1946962A3 (en) * 2007-01-18 2009-10-21 Basf Se Seat frame for a vehicle seat
EP2296938B1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2013-08-28 Styron Europe GmbH Improved vehicular seat back assembly
US7850246B2 (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-12-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Shingled thin seat construction for vehicle
WO2011006025A2 (en) 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Johnson Controls Technology Company Vehicle seat back rest structure
US8540318B2 (en) * 2011-01-20 2013-09-24 Lear Corporation Vehicle seating frame attachment assembly, and method of making the same
US9073462B2 (en) * 2012-03-28 2015-07-07 Richard W. Roberts In-situ foam core vehicle seating system and method of manufacture

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080277987A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-13 Cutting Dynamics, Inc. Composite seat back frame
DE102007053964A1 (en) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-22 Johnson Controls Gmbh Structure for a vehicle seat

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A. OSSWALD ET AL.: "International plastics handbook: the resource for plastics engineers", 1 January 2006, CARL HANSER VERLAG, Munich, ISBN: 1569903999, pages: 642 - 646 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011006025A2 (en) 2011-01-13
KR101426851B1 (en) 2014-08-05
US8864239B2 (en) 2014-10-21
KR20120038483A (en) 2012-04-23
JP5642174B2 (en) 2014-12-17
CN102470788B (en) 2015-06-10
US20120181839A1 (en) 2012-07-19
CN102470788A (en) 2012-05-23
WO2011006025A3 (en) 2011-09-09
EP2451676A2 (en) 2012-05-16
JP2012532791A (en) 2012-12-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2451676B1 (en) Vehicle seat back rest structure and the corresponding manufacturing method
EP2572931B1 (en) Vehicle seat
EP2403382B1 (en) Seat back including integrated backrest and reinforcing composite layer
US9481279B2 (en) Seat back frame for vehicle and method for manufacturing same
US6758507B2 (en) Energy absorbing external component for vehicle
EP3245098B1 (en) Seat backrest and seat including the same
US9849636B2 (en) Reinforced structural element made of plastic, in particular in the vehicle interior design field
EP1078821A2 (en) Automotive headliners and related articles
EP3455100B1 (en) Vehicle seat
CN107914781A (en) Floor panel
CN102223824A (en) One-piece seat structure and cold forming processes to create seat structures
KR102200966B1 (en) Seat-back frame for vehicle and manufacturing method thereof
KR102019112B1 (en) Seat-back frame for automobile and method of manufacturing the same
EP2969457B1 (en) Method of forming a frame of a seat back for a vehicle
KR101247310B1 (en) Plastic seat back frame enhanced vibration welding ability of multi layer type seat back
JP2018187270A (en) Seat cushion core material for vehicle
KR102156913B1 (en) Mounting bracket for recliner of seat back frame of vehicle
KR101247777B1 (en) Plastic seat back frame for enhancing stiffness of multi layer type seat back
GB2550342A (en) Vehicle seat back
KR20120140352A (en) Double plate type seat back frame with enhanced comfort
WO2012019764A1 (en) Vehicle seat and method for producing a cushion part
AU2011211400B2 (en) Child safety seat reinforcement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20120309

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20130531

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20130710

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ADIENT LUXEMBOURG HOLDING S.A R.L.

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20180516

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1061657

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20181115

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602010054911

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20181107

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1061657

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20181107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190207

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190307

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190207

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190208

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190307

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602010054911

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20190808

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20190709

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20190731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190709

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190731

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190731

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190709

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190709

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20100709

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181107

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 602010054911

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: ADIENT US LLC, PLYMOUTH, US

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ADIENT LUXEMBOURG HOLDING S.A R.L., LUXEMBOURG, LU

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20220727

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20220725

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602010054911

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230731