EP2450608A1 - Procédé de surveillance de débit de fluide dans un tuyau flexible - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance de débit de fluide dans un tuyau flexible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2450608A1
EP2450608A1 EP12153855A EP12153855A EP2450608A1 EP 2450608 A1 EP2450608 A1 EP 2450608A1 EP 12153855 A EP12153855 A EP 12153855A EP 12153855 A EP12153855 A EP 12153855A EP 2450608 A1 EP2450608 A1 EP 2450608A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical fibre
pipe
pressure
fluid flow
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12153855A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Damon Goodman Roberts
Stephane Vannuffelen
Russell Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gemalto Terminals Ltd
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Gemalto Terminals Ltd
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gemalto Terminals Ltd, Schlumberger Holdings Ltd filed Critical Gemalto Terminals Ltd
Publication of EP2450608A1 publication Critical patent/EP2450608A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E21B17/206—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables with conductors, e.g. electrical, optical
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
    • E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of monitoring fluid flow within a flexible pipe.
  • Flexible pipes are used as umbilical lines, risers, flow lines and offload lines in offshore hydrocarbon production.
  • the complexity of the flexible pipes used in offshore oil and gas production is increasing in order to satisfy the many requirements of such pipes in terms of thermal behaviour, geometry, multiple fluid flows, flexibility and mechanical characteristics.
  • Flexible pipes typically comprise at least a polymer inner liner which provides fluid isolation and a tension armour layer, provided around the liner, which provides protection against axial tensile stresses applied to the pipe.
  • flexible pipes When further strength is required flexible pipes generally additionally comprise one or more additional layers, namely: a flexible carcass layer provided inside the inner liner and which defines a bore for receiving production components and prevents collapse of the inner liner; a pressure vault (or pressure armour) layer provided between the inner liner and the tension armour layer which gives the pipe additional strength against internal pressure and radial loads; additional tension armour layers; and a polymer outer sheath which provides environmental protection for the structural layers of the pipe.
  • additional layers namely: a flexible carcass layer provided inside the inner liner and which defines a bore for receiving production components and prevents collapse of the inner liner; a pressure vault (or pressure armour) layer provided between the inner liner and the tension armour layer which gives the pipe additional strength against internal pressure and radial loads; additional tension armour layers; and a polymer outer sheath which provides environmental protection for the structural layers of the pipe.
  • a method of monitoring fluid flow within a flexible pipe comprising:
  • the hoop strain measured by the optical fibre sensor is proportional to the difference in pressure between the bore of the flexible pipe (containing the high pressure production fluid) and the annulus of the pipe (filled with air or gas close to atmospheric pressure).
  • a distributed or semi-distributed hoop strain measurement therefore provides a distributed measurement of the pressure distribution within the flexible pipe, and enables the fluid flow within the pipe to be monitored.
  • the optical fibre sensor may comprise an optical fibre adapted for distributed sensing by Brillouin scattering.
  • the optical fibre sensor may alternatively comprise an optical fibre having an array of fibre grating sensors provided therein, the optical fibre sensor thereby being adapted for semi-distributed strain sensing.
  • the fibre grating sensors are preferably fibre Bragg gratings.
  • the optical fibre sensor may additionally be adapted for distributed temperature sensing, the optical fibre sensor preferably being adapted for distributed temperature sensing by Brillouin scattering or Rayleigh scattering measurement.
  • the optical fibre sensor is preferably adapted for simultaneous temperature and strain sensing.
  • the method preferably further comprises, during normal operation of the pipe or during operational shut-down, comparing measured pressure and temperature values to reference pressure and temperature operating envelope values.
  • the formation of blockages within a pipe can thereby be detected and located, as a non-linear pressure variation along a section of pipe.
  • Phase separation of fluid within the pipe during shut-down may be monitored to ensure that a production system may be shut-down safely without formation and deposition of solids within the fluid.
  • the fluid condition can be monitored during normal operation and kept within operating pressure and temperature boundaries.
  • the method may further comprise providing a heater at one or more locations along the pipe and operating the or each heater in response to the measured pressure and temperature values in order to maintain the fluid pressure and temperature within the operating envelope values.
  • the method may alternatively or additionally comprise providing chemical injection apparatus at one or more locations long the pipe and injecting a selected chemical at a selected location in response to the measured pressure and temperature values in order to maintain the fluid pressure and temperature within the operating envelope values.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides a method of monitoring fluid flow within a flexible pipe 50, as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the flexible pipe 50 comprises a pressure armour layer 51.
  • Optical fibres 52 adapted for distributed strain sensing are coupled to the pressure armour layer 51.
  • the pressure armour 51 consists of one or several wires continuously wound with a very tight pitch around an internal bore 56 of the pipe.
  • the pressure armour wire/s absorbs the stress generated by the fluid pressure (indicated by arrows 54) inside the pipe 50.
  • the flexible pipe 50 is only provided with a pressure armour layer 51 around the internal bore 56, but it will be appreciated that the method may also be used with a more complex flexible pipe 10, such as that shown in Figure 2 , in which in which the pressure armour 3 is located between an inner liner 2 and a tension armour 4.
  • the flexible pipe 10 comprises a flexible carcass 1, a polymer inner liner 2, a pressure armour (or pressure vault) 3, tension armour layers 4, a polymer outer sheath 5, and a sensing assembly 6.
  • optical fibres adapted for semi-distributed or multi-point strain sensing such as fibres provided with arrays of fibre Bragg gratings, may be used in place of the distributed strain sensing fibres 52.
  • the method comprises providing an optical fibre sensor 52 along the flexible pipe 50, within the pressure armour layer 51 of the pipe.
  • the optical fibre 52 is adapted for distributed or semi-distributed strain measurement and is configured within the pressure armour for hoop strain measurement.
  • the method comprises operating the pipe 50 within the elastic limit of the pressure armour layer 51, and optically interrogating the optical fibre sensor 52 to determine the hoop strain at a plurality of locations along the optical fibre sensor.
  • the hoop strain measurements are converted into corresponding internal fluid pressure values.
  • pressure armour wires are mostly sensitive to the hoop strain generated by the fluid pressure of the production fluid flowing through the internal bore 56 of the pipe 50. These wires are essentially decoupled from the effect of torsion or tension that may be applied on the pipe 50.
  • the pressure armour 3, 51 provides pipe structural integrity between the bore 56 (containing the high pressure production fluid) and the annulus (filled with air or gas close to atmospheric pressure). Therefore, any pressure armour deformation is mostly due to the hoop stress generated by the fluid pressure.
  • the hoop strain generated within the pressure armour is proportional to the difference in pressure between the bore 56 and the annulus. Therefore a distributed or semi-distributed strain measurement leads to a distributed measurement of the pressure distribution within the pipe 50.
  • Fluid pressure distribution is a very important parameter in terms of optimization of the production process in subsea oil and gas facilities.
  • the fluid pressure changes drastically as the fluid travels from the seabed to the surface. Changes in fluid pressure and temperature can lead to significant flow assurance problems with wax, asphaltene or hydrate deposits forming in the pipe 50 and leading to blockages in the pipe. Therefore the ability to simultaneously estimate temperature and pressure variation along the pipe is critical. It can be especially important during operation shut-down when a lot of flow assurance problems can happen.
  • the method can therefore be used to detect and locate blockages in the pipe 50.
  • the fluid pressure will decrease as it goes up the pipe 50, towards the surface.
  • the variation in pressure is generally linear.
  • a deposit building up in the pipe will create a local restriction within the pipe bore 56. If left untreated, this restriction could completely block the production flow.
  • this restriction could completely block the production flow.
  • a pressure difference will arise across the blockage, causing the diameter of the pipe 50 to change.
  • the optical fibre sensors 52 in the flexible pipe 50 can therefore be used to detect the formation and location of such blockages as they form, by sensing the pipe diameter variation due to increases in fluid pressure, through changes in hoop strain.
  • the method can also be used to monitor fluid movement within the flexible pipe 50 during installation shut-down.
  • Fluid produced by an oil well is usually multiflow (gas, oil and water). Oil, gas and water have significantly different densities, and thus different pressures within the pipe. Therefore, when a subsea installation is shut-down the different phases in the vertical section of the pipe 50 will segregate with the gas phase on top, followed by the oil phase and the water column at the bottom.
  • the optical fibre sensors 52 of the flexible pipe 50 enable continuous monitoring of the hoop strain along the pipe 50, enabling evaluation of the way the 3 phases are segregating within the pipe during the shutdown process.
  • the method also provides for the use of the distributed pressure (hoop strain) measurement along the flexible pipe 50 to carry out flow assurance management during installation shut down.
  • distributed pressure strain strain
  • Fluid properties are usually extensively studied during the exploration phase using PVT composition analysis.
  • the primary goal of fluid properties study is to establish phase diagrams. These phase diagrams establish the phase boundaries of the fluid. It defines the fluid phase condition as a function of pressure and temperature. Based on these diagrams, an operator can determine the pressure and temperature envelope within which the production system can operate safely without solid phase deposition in the pipe 50.
  • the optical fibre sensors 52 in the pressure armour 3, 51 can be adapted for both hoop strain and temperature measurement, to thereby enable a simultaneous distributed measurement of fluid temperature and pressure variation during installation shut-down.
  • the fluid will experience strong pressure and temperature variation. Pressure variations are due to phase segregation when the flow stops. The installation will also tend to cool down, leading to a temperature decrease of the fluid inside the pipe 50.
  • Subsea pipes can also include heater sections, and the optical fibre sensors 52 in the flexible pipe 50 can be used to monitor the temperature and allow optimization of the heating power used in the heaters to maintain the fluid condition just above the critical boundary. If the heater section includes individual heaters, each can be individually managed. From an economical standpoint this enables power consumption to be optimized, thus minimizing exploitation costs.
  • the method further provides for the distributed temperature and pressure (hoop strain) measurements from the optical fibre sensors 52 within the flexible pipe 50 to be correlated in real-time with the phase diagram information to check that the system operating pressure and temperature is within the predefined operating envelope during normal operation or during a shut-down.
  • distributed temperature and pressure (hoop strain) measurements from the optical fibre sensors 52 within the flexible pipe 50 to be correlated in real-time with the phase diagram information to check that the system operating pressure and temperature is within the predefined operating envelope during normal operation or during a shut-down.
  • the measurements can be used to optimize production conditions.
  • the oil and gas industry is pumping a lot of chemical as solid deposit inhibitors (for example methanol against hydrate formation).
  • the method also enables a more optimized injection plan by localizing the pipe areas with potential problems. Local chemical treatment can therefore be applied, which would reduce the amount of chemical pumped.
  • the pressure (hoop strain) measurements available from the optical fibre sensors 52 in the flexible pipe 50 also enable the detection and monitoring of slug formation within the production fluid.
  • Pipe cross section can be important to detect damage in the pipe internal structure.
  • a non damaged flexible pipe is a symmetrical structure relatively to its main axis. Therefore, the pipe cross section is expected to be circular. Any damage in the pipe structure will generate a non-symmetrical configuration, leading to an ovalization of the pipe. Therefore localization and quantification of this ovalization can lead to useful information on the pipe condition.
  • optical fibre sensors are described as distributed strain or temperature sensors they may alternatively comprise semi-distributed or point strain or temperature sensors comprising an array of fibre gratings, such as fibre Bragg gratings, provided within an optical fibre.
  • the optical fibre sensors are described as being helically wound around the pipe, they may be wound with a different pitch to that described, and the pitch may vary along the length of the pipe.
  • the optical fibre sensors are described as being helically wound they may comprise helically wound sensing sections interconnected by relatively straight sections of optical fibre.
  • the optical fibre sensors are described as being of axial strain or torsion, the optical fibre sensors may be arranged generally straight along the axial length of the pipe or they may be helically wound. A different number and configuration of optical fibre sensors may be provided to that described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
EP12153855A 2007-11-26 2008-06-13 Procédé de surveillance de débit de fluide dans un tuyau flexible Withdrawn EP2450608A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US99012907P 2007-11-26 2007-11-26
EP08158219.9A EP2065551B1 (fr) 2007-11-26 2008-06-13 Tuyau flexible

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08158219.9 Division 2008-06-13
EP08158219.9A Division-Into EP2065551B1 (fr) 2007-11-26 2008-06-13 Tuyau flexible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2450608A1 true EP2450608A1 (fr) 2012-05-09

Family

ID=40386100

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08158216A Withdrawn EP2063068A1 (fr) 2007-11-26 2008-06-13 Tuyau et procédé pour déterminer la forme d'un tuyau
EP12153855A Withdrawn EP2450608A1 (fr) 2007-11-26 2008-06-13 Procédé de surveillance de débit de fluide dans un tuyau flexible
EP08158219.9A Not-in-force EP2065551B1 (fr) 2007-11-26 2008-06-13 Tuyau flexible

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08158216A Withdrawn EP2063068A1 (fr) 2007-11-26 2008-06-13 Tuyau et procédé pour déterminer la forme d'un tuyau

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08158219.9A Not-in-force EP2065551B1 (fr) 2007-11-26 2008-06-13 Tuyau flexible

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EP (3) EP2063068A1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2009068907A1 (fr)

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EP2486222A4 (fr) 2009-10-05 2016-06-08 Nat Oilwell Varco Denmark Is Système d'oléoduc libre et flexible comportant un capteur à fibre optique installé à l'intérieur
CN101915090B (zh) * 2010-07-29 2013-04-24 中国海洋石油总公司 一种油气井出砂量监测系统及监测方法
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US9250120B2 (en) * 2011-06-24 2016-02-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Fiber-optic monitoring cable
EP2565370A1 (fr) * 2011-08-30 2013-03-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de surveillance de canalisations sous-marines
GB201122356D0 (en) 2011-12-28 2012-02-01 Wellstream Int Ltd Elongate element for flexible pipe body and method
GB201122364D0 (en) * 2011-12-28 2012-02-01 Wellstream Int Ltd Flexible pipe body and method
CA2866402C (fr) 2012-03-13 2020-04-14 National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S Tuyau flexible non encolle, dote d'une couche contenant des fibres optiques
WO2014001249A1 (fr) * 2012-06-26 2014-01-03 Wellstream International Limited Appareil et procédé de contrôle
FR2996280B1 (fr) * 2012-09-28 2014-09-26 Technip France Conduite tubulaire flexible instrumentee
EP2725186B1 (fr) 2012-10-25 2019-08-07 GE Oil & Gas UK Limited Gaine pour corps de tuyau flexible et son procédé de production
BR112015027495B1 (pt) 2013-05-02 2020-12-08 National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S conjunto de um tubo flexível não ligado e um encaixe de extremidade
GB201319105D0 (en) 2013-10-29 2013-12-11 Wellstream Int Ltd Detection apparatus and method
GB2522709B (en) * 2014-02-04 2017-07-19 Aquaterra Energy Ltd An offshore pipe monitoring system
US10031044B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2018-07-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Real-time monitoring of a metal surface
EP3161440B1 (fr) * 2014-06-26 2018-05-30 Omnisens SA Méthode pour déterminer la déformation d'une structure
WO2016000034A1 (fr) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Procédé et appareil de mesure de déformation
GB201411874D0 (en) * 2014-07-03 2014-08-20 Wellstream Int Ltd Curvature sensor and sensing method
CN110715614B (zh) * 2019-10-18 2021-05-28 西安建筑科技大学 一种预应力frp筋的螺旋形光纤传感应变测试装置和方法
CN111912462B (zh) * 2020-08-12 2021-12-24 东南大学 一种具有滑动觉、压觉和温度觉的多功能柔性触觉传感器
EP3961178A1 (fr) * 2020-08-24 2022-03-02 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Système, ensemble et procédé de surveillance de la corrosion d'une enceinte électrique situé dans un emplacement dangereux
CN112414293B (zh) * 2020-10-27 2022-04-29 西安电子科技大学 一种传导冷却高温超导电缆的应变检测方法
US20220403736A1 (en) * 2021-06-18 2022-12-22 Baker Hughes Holdings Llc Casing-Embedded Fiber-Optics Telemetry for Real-Time Well Integrity Monitoring

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WO2008077410A1 (fr) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Nkt Flexibles I/S Tuyau souple

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009068905A1 (fr) 2009-06-04
EP2065551A2 (fr) 2009-06-03
EP2063068A1 (fr) 2009-05-27
WO2009068907A1 (fr) 2009-06-04
EP2065551B1 (fr) 2014-06-25
EP2065551A3 (fr) 2009-07-22

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Effective date: 20140223