EP2448729A1 - Procédé de traitement de pièces lignocellulosiques - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de pièces lignocellulosiques

Info

Publication number
EP2448729A1
EP2448729A1 EP10734836A EP10734836A EP2448729A1 EP 2448729 A1 EP2448729 A1 EP 2448729A1 EP 10734836 A EP10734836 A EP 10734836A EP 10734836 A EP10734836 A EP 10734836A EP 2448729 A1 EP2448729 A1 EP 2448729A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
drying
lignocellulosic
lignocellulosic parts
modification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10734836A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Waldemar Jozef Homan
Sandra M. Mendoza De Bressan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Original Assignee
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO filed Critical Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Priority to EP10734836A priority Critical patent/EP2448729A1/fr
Publication of EP2448729A1 publication Critical patent/EP2448729A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
    • B27K3/156—Combined with grafting onto wood fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B27K3/0214—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/005—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by dipping them into or mixing them with a chemical liquid, e.g. organic; chemical, e.g. organic, dewatering aids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating lignocellulosic parts, for example wood parts or bamboo parts.
  • Synthetic polymeric foams can be described as materials composed of a gas phase trapped in a solid matrix. Thus, they are two-phase systems commonly characterized by their low density.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift DE2059625 discloses a method, wherein strong foamed products, with low bulk weight, flame retardancy and water repellent properties are obtained by soaking wood (pref. birch or alder) with a reactants for a polyurethane reaction.
  • the known method requires water in the wood for the reaction.
  • CO2 gas is formed in the wood. Only a little amount of water is used, to prevent overproduction of CO2 which damages the wood structure.
  • the reaction can be followed via foam which comes about at the wood-ends.
  • the resulting product has an open cell structure, being less capable in storing water.
  • the wood is internally dead and has a structure similar to polyurethane foam, having a dense cell structure.
  • silicones or waxes can be added to confer water repellency, and paraffin oil for the same purpose and also to control pure size and prevent cracking of the wood.
  • the process is relatively hard to control, requiring a particularly amount of diisocyanate depending on the hydroxyl groups of wood celluloses (which acts as a polyalcohol in the bonding reaction of the polyurethane).
  • the known process involves the use of polyurethane, which has become controversial from the environmental point of view.
  • a known modification process is etherification using epoxides.
  • An ether bond could perform better than an ester bond since it is not hydrolysable as an ester.
  • the reaction between epoxides and hydroxyl groups of the wood involves an initial reaction of a hydroxyl group and an epoxide molecule, generating an ether derivative that contains a new hydroxyl group. This new OH- group will be available for further reaction with another epoxide molecule giving rise to polymerization.
  • the etherification reaction as such can be base or acid catalyzed and, most important; it does not produce by-products, which is a big advantage with respect to other chemical modifications.
  • the ideal catalyst for this purpose should be effective at low reaction temperatures, easily removed after reaction, nontoxic and noncorrosive. Good candidates are weakly alkaline compounds.
  • the by-products can be difficult to separate and regenerate to get the initial reagents at industrial scale.
  • US3,406,038 discloses a drying step and a subsequent chemical modification step. It discloses a wood treatment method, for improving dimensional stability of the wood a polyhydric alcohol, then impregnating the wood with an alkylene oxide, and effecting the reaction of these substances with water itself. Wood drying can be carried out during the treatment of the wood with the polyhydric alcohol and thereafter, so that the wood "does not become warped".
  • GB814,584 discloses a method for stabilizing of wood. The method involves impregnation with a phtlalaldehydic acid compound, swelling with a liquid swelling agent (for example an organic solvent), and curing by heating while in the swollen condition.
  • a liquid swelling agent for example an organic solvent
  • the present invention aims to provide an improved method for treating lignocellulosic parts.
  • the method aims to provide a more efficient and economical method, to produce relatively lightweight (preferably foamed or foam-like) lignocellulosic parts that can be used as insulation material, the resulting material being durable, and preferably water repellent.
  • drying is achieved by applying at least one liquid drying agent that dissolves and/or at least partly replaces the water, wherein preferably the drying agent is a lignocellulosic part swelling agent;
  • the chemical modification is such that a volume of the lignocellulosic parts is increased by at least 25% with respect to an initial volume of the parts.
  • the inventors have found that, surprisingly, chemical modification (particularly by etherification) of the dried lignocellulosic parts can lead to a significant volume increase of the material. Also, it has been found that the resulting material is relatively lightweight, has a foam-like structure, and can therefore be used as insulation material. Also, the resulting material can be very durable (that is: insensitive to micro organism related decay), and water repellent. Particularly, the present invention can be carried out using relatively large lignocellulosic parts, for example having at least one dimension (length, width) larger than 1 mm, for example larger than 1 cm. Also, smaller lignocellulosic parts can be treated, for example separate lignocellulosic particles, fibres, or powder.
  • the above-mentioned etherification can include reaction of momomers with lignocellulose and polymerisation from monomers, the resulting reaction products being bound to lignocellulosic components.
  • the etherification involves the direct reaction of lignocellulosis with chemicals. This gives a very stable modification.
  • the etherification involves subjecting the lignocellulosic parts to a reactant and a catalyst, the reactant and catalyst being supplied in a weight ratio to (significantly) expand the lignocellulosic parts.
  • the lignocellulosic parts can be impregnated with a mixture of the reactant and catalyst (in the weight ratio selected to achieve the expansion of the parts), to carry out the etherification of the parts.
  • the catalyst can be supplied in such a large amount (with respect to the amount of reactant used) that a resulting etherification reaction (having a respective high reaction rate) leads to the above-mentioned high volume increase (of at least 25%). More particularly, it is believed that the use of a relatively large amount of catalyst leads to a respective, relatively high reaction rate, which surprisingly leads to a foaming of the lignocellulosic parts.
  • the reactant and catalyst can be supplied in such a ratio that the resulting etherification of the lignocellulosic increases the volume of the parts by at least 25% with respect to an initial volume of the parts.
  • a weight ratio reactant:catalyst used can be 99:1 or smaller.
  • a weight ratio reactant:catalyst used can be in the range of 90:10 to 99-1.
  • good epoxide based etherification results are achieved using propylene oxide (PO) as reagent and di-methyl ethyl amine (DMEA) as catalyst, with a weight ratio PO:DMEA of 97:3.
  • PO propylene oxide
  • DMEA di-methyl ethyl amine
  • the drying agent is a non-hydroxylic drying agent, particularly a non-hydroxylic liquid drying agent.
  • the invention makes use of at least one non-hydroxylic solvent, which removes water from the lignocelluloses, thereby not only preventing shrinking of the wood, but also minimizing by-product formation. Also, unnecessary consumption of reagents that would take place when water is present, can be prevented.
  • the initial volume of the parts is a cumulative initial volume of the lignocellulosic parts (i.e., a total volume that is occupied by the parts before the treatment).
  • the significant (cumulative, total) volume increase as such involves a significant decrease of the density (kg/m 3 ) of the material.
  • the final product is less hydrophilic than the untreated lignocellulosic material, making it more resistant in moist environments.
  • the volume of the lignocellulosic parts is increased by 100% or more, for example by 400% or more.
  • the modification can be such that the lignocellulosic parts rupture (during/ due to the expansion thereof).
  • the lignocellulosic parts to be treated can have an initial density (kg/m 3 ), wherein the modification is such that the density of the lignocellulosic parts is lowered with respect to the initial density, for example by a factor of at least one half (1/2) and more particularly a factor of two or more.
  • the density of the material was decreased by a factor of more than 3
  • the chemical modification can include reaction of momomers with lignocellulose and polymerisation from monomers, the resulting reaction products being bound to lignocellulosic components.
  • the modification can be an epoxide based etherification.
  • the modification may involve subjecting the lignocellulosic parts to a reactant and a catalyst, the reactant and catalyst being supplied in an amount to expand the lignocellulosic parts.
  • a catalyst is di-methyl-ethyl-amine (DMEA).
  • TMA tri-methyl-amine
  • the modification can involve subjecting the lignocellulosic parts to an alkylene oxide, for example 1,2-butylene oxide, propylene oxide, or styrene oxide.
  • alkylene oxide for example 1,2-butylene oxide, propylene oxide, or styrene oxide.
  • a glycidyl ether for example allyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl 4-nonylphenyl ether; epoxidized unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives, for example esters.
  • the drying can include: a) -subjecting the lignocellulosic parts to the drying agent, particularly to impregnate the lignocellulosic parts with that drying agent to dissolve and replace water;
  • the drying can involves saturating the
  • the modification is an etherification of the lignocellulosic parts
  • relatively little (almost no) reaction by-product is available in the modified lignocellulosic parts.
  • at least part of the drying agent can be left in the lignocellulosic parts to maintain a certain swollen state of the lignocellulosic parts, until (and preferably during) the subsequent modification step.
  • the present invention presents a method to etherify solvent-dried lignocellulosic material.
  • the drying agent already includes or is a reagent for modification of the lignocellulosic parts.
  • the drying of the lignocellulosic parts is preferably a separate step, which does not yet lead to a chemical modification of the lignocellulosic parts.
  • the reagent is preferably chemically inactive, e.g. it does not yet modify the lignocellulosic parts, but only mixes with water to remove the water from the lignocellulosic parts.
  • the modification step can include the further application of a catalyst, to initiate a reaction between the lignocelluloses and the reagent.
  • the drying and modification are carried out in the same treatment chamber or vessel, for example a reactor chamber.
  • the condition of the lignocellulosic parts can be controlled accurately throughout the process, for example the content of a drying (swelling) agent in the lignocellulosic parts, temperature and pressure.
  • the lignocellulosic material can be maintained in a constantly swollen state by a water replacing swelling agent, prior to the modification thereof.
  • the drying agent can be selected from the group consisting of a non-hydroxylic solvent, an organic solvent, for example EGDME (Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), propylene oxide, butylene oxide, THF (tetrahydropyran), acetone, small ketones, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone).
  • EGDME Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
  • propylene oxide propylene oxide
  • butylene oxide butylene oxide
  • THF tetrahydropyran
  • acetone small ketones
  • MEK methyl ethyl ketone
  • the drying agent is a solvent.
  • the drying agent is a swelling agent for (the polar/hydrophilic) wood, for example with at least 10% (estimate) of the swelling power of water (and thus are polar/hydrophylic enough to dissolve enough water from the wood).
  • the solvent drying agent may provide a flexibilizing effect.
  • the solvent can serve to make the lignocellulosic parts accessible for reagent molecules (and/or catalysts), which have too low
  • a solvent drying agent can also serve to remove a reagent and/or catalyst after the modification reaction.
  • the drying agent is sufficiently volatile to be removed easily from the lignocellulosic parts after the process.
  • - polar lower ethers like ethylene glycol dimethylether (EGDME), tetrahydrofuran (THF) etc;
  • the liquid drying agent has substantially the same order of magnitude of lignocellulosic parts swelling capabilities as wood swelling capabilities of water.
  • a swelling agent (if any) content of the lignocellulosic parts can be significantly higher than 1 w% after the drying and before the modification is started, to counteract the removal of water.
  • the present invention further provides an insulating element, comprising one or more lignocellulosic parts produced by a method according to the invention.
  • the element can be configured to provide thermal insulation, sound insulation, or both.
  • the insulating element can be, or be part of a construction element.
  • the insulating element can be plate material, a wall or wall part, a laminate, a sandwich construction, a
  • construction block a beam, door, a window, window casing, ceiling part, board, floor part, chipboard, roof boxes and/or the like.
  • the insulating element can be completely manufactured from the treated lignocellulosic parts provided by the invention.
  • the insulating element can contain one or more different materials, for instance wood, metal, plastic or a combination of these or other materials. In the latter case, the material manufactured by the method according to the invention can be processed into the element in different manners.
  • the treated lignocellulosic parts can, for instance, be surrounded by other material and/or extend on a surface of the insulating element.
  • the lignocellulosic parts can be used to cover a surface of an element, for example partly or completely.
  • the insulating element can be provided with, for instance, at least one layer of the expanded lignocellulosic material and at least one layer of another material (mentioned above).
  • Fig. 1 a flow chart of an embodiment of the invention.
  • the present example of a method for treating lignocellulosic parts can include providing the lignocellulosic parts (step 100), a step 101 of drying the lignocellulosic parts (the drying involving removing water from the wood), and a step 102 of chemical modification of the dried lignocellulosic parts.
  • steps 100 the lignocellulosic parts
  • step 101 the drying involving removing water from the wood
  • step 102 of chemical modification of the dried lignocellulosic parts Non-limiting examples include etherification (as will be described below).
  • lignocellulosic parts can be treated by the process, for example powder, flour, fibres, chips, chunks, blocks, laths, planks, beams, and/or other parts.
  • a smallest external dimension of each of the lignocellulosic parts can be larger than 1 mm, for example larger than 1 cm.
  • a length of each of the lignocellulosic parts can be larger than 1 mm, for example larger than 5 cm, for example larger than 1 m (particularly in case of commercial wood modification).
  • the mass of each of the lignocellulosic parts can be larger than 0.001 kg, for example larger than 0.01 kg, particularly larger than 0.1 kg, for example larger than 1 kg (for example: larger than 10 kg).
  • the lignocellulosic parts can be freshly cut parts, or it they can be pre- treated (for example conditioned) before the drying step 101 is carried out.
  • the lignocellulosic parts can also be small parts, for example flour, grains or fibers.
  • a water content of the lignocellulosic parts that is provided (step 100) can be higher than 5 w%, for example about 8-10 w%, or higher (for example over 25 w%).
  • the drying step 101 can be carried out, for example, in a treatment chamber that can be sealed from an environment, for example a reactor.
  • the drying step 101 can include the use of one or more drying agents (for example a mixture of at least two drying agents), to extract water from the
  • the drying agent used in the drying step 101 acts as a wood swelling agent.
  • the liquid drying agent dissolves and/or at least partly replaces the water (i.e. mixes with water).
  • the process can be carried out in such a manner, that the lignocellulosic parts are all still swollen by an amount of liquid drying agent (left in the lignocellulosic parts after the drying step 101) when the parts are processed in the modification step.
  • the amount of liquid drying (swelling) agent that is present in the lignocellulosic parts after the drying step 101 counteracts shrinkage of the parts.
  • the liquid drying agent has substantially the same order of magnitude of wood swelling capabilities as wood swelling capabilities of water.
  • the liquid drying agent can have a wood swelling capability that is higher or lower than the wood swelling capability of water, for example higher or lower by a factor in the range of 0.1-1.5
  • the lignocellulosic parts can continuously contain swelling agent that swells the lignocellulosic parts: first the swelling agent water (before the drying step 101), and subsequently the drying agent that replaces the water and has swelling capabilities.
  • drying agent for providing water extraction and replacement
  • the drying simply involves saturating the lignocellulosic parts
  • lignocellulosic parts can be immersed, sprayed or rinsed with liquid drying agent, during a predetermined drying period, to achieve water removal.
  • the drying can involve providing a bath of liquid drying agent, and laying or submersing the lignocellulosic parts in the bath.
  • water that is extracted from the lignocellulosic parts by liquid drying agent is removed from the drying agent, via a separation step 106. Drying agent that is recovered in step 106 can be reused in the drying of the lignocellulosic parts (step 101).
  • the liquid drying i.e.
  • the drying step 101 can include:
  • Removing drying agent to extract water (step b)) can be
  • Step b) can include removing drying agent that is present outside the lignocellulosic parts (for example draining a bath of drying agent that soaks the lignocellulosic parts). Also, step b) can include removing part (not all) of drying agent that is present in the lignocellulosic parts.
  • At least part of the step b) of removing the drying agent can include discharging liquid drying agent from the treatment chamber, for example using a discharge pump. Also, at least part of that step b) can be carried out under sub-atmospheric pressure, and a temperature in the range of 0-200 0 C. The pressure and temperature can be such that drying agent (containing dissolved water) evaporates from the lignocellulosic parts. Said sub- atmospheric pressure can be a pressure lower than 0.5 bar, for example about 0.1 bar.
  • the subjecting lignocellulosic parts to the drying agent can be achieved under a predetermined pressure and a temperature in the range of 0-200 0 C, suitable for the drying agent to penetrate the lignocellulosic parts.
  • the pressure in the drying chamber can be atmospheric pressure, or higher, for example an elevated pressure with respect to the pressure during removal of the drying agent.
  • Steps a-c can be carried out such, that resulting lignocellulosic parts have a desired low water content.
  • the water content of the lignocellulosic parts is lower than 5 w%, preferably lower than 3 w%, and most preferably lower than 1 w%.
  • the resulting lignocellulosic parts still contain liquid drying agent, acting as a swelling agent (having replaced the water during the drying step).
  • the content of the drying agent can be higher than 1 w% after the drying step 101 (and before the modification is started).
  • a preferred drying agent is a volatile drying agent (for example being volatile at room temperature, 22 0 C, and atmospheric pressure), capable to remove a non-volatile liquid (i.e. being substantially not volatile at room temperature, 22 0 C, and atmospheric pressure, such as water) from the lignocellulosic parts , for example a polar solvent (other than water) that can dissolve water.
  • a polar solvent other than water
  • the drying agent can be selected from the non-limiting group of compounds of an organic (polar) solvent, for example EGDME, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, THF, acetone, small ketones, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone).
  • the drying agent can include a reagent for modification of the lignocellulosic parts.
  • a reagent for modification of the lignocellulosic parts Propylene oxide is an example of a swelling solvent that can provide both lignocellulosic parts drying and chemical modification (after application of a catalyst).
  • a solvent drying agent can be used for the extraction of substances from the lignocellulosic parts, after the modification step.
  • the drying step 101 and chemical modification step 102 are preferably carried out in the same treatment chamber.
  • the chamber preferably remains closed from an environment during the drying step 101, during the modification step, and an intermediate period (if any).
  • the lignocellulosic parts for example containing swelling agent which swells the parts- can remain in the treatment chamber throughout the process, so that a certain swollen state of the lignocellulosic parts can be controlled well.
  • the thus obtained dried lignocellulosic parts (provided by the drying step 101) can be directly used in the modification step 102 as indicated by arrow I in the drawing).
  • Part of the liquid drying agent can be recovered from the lignocellulosic parts in an intermediate step 105, before the lignocellulosic parts is subjected to the modification step.
  • the recovery of part of the drying agent can be carried out such, that the resulting lignocellulosic parts still contains an amount of drying agent acting as swelling agent, which amount is sufficient to prevent collapse of the lignocellulose structure, which may influence the efficiency of the modification in step 102.
  • Any drying agent that is left in the lignocellulosic parts can enhance penetration of reagent, catalyst, or both, during the modification step 102.
  • the modification step 102 can be carried out in different ways.
  • the modification can include the use of at least one non-swelling reagent and a swelling agent.
  • the modification can include the use of at least one swelling reagent, used as a drying agent in the drying of the wood.
  • the modification can include the use of at least one non-swelling reagent and a swelling agent.
  • the modification can include the use of at least one swelling reagent, used as a drying agent in the drying of the wood.
  • the modification can include the use of at least one non-swelling reagent and a swelling agent.
  • the modification can include the use of at least one swelling reagent, used as a drying agent in the drying of the wood.
  • modification can include the use of at least one swelling agent acting as reagent, and at least one swelling agent that is not a reagent.
  • the chemical modification is such that a volume of the lignocellulosic parts (i.e. a total external volume, occupied by the parts) is increased by at least 25% with respect to an initial volume of the parts (leading to a significant density reduction of the material), for example 50% or more.
  • the volume of the lignocellulosic parts is increased by 100% or more, for example by 400% or more. Also, the
  • the weight ratio catalyst :reactant can be selected such that the afore-mentioned volume increase (and a respective density decrease) is achieved.
  • a foam-like modified wood can be obtained, which can for example be used as an insulation material (for example as or as part of an element having thermally insulating properties).
  • the modification step 102 is an epoxide based etherification.
  • the modification can involve subjecting the lignocellulosic parts to a reactant, for example an alkylene oxide, for example propylene oxide.
  • a reactant for example an alkylene oxide, for example propylene oxide.
  • the modification can involve subjecting the lignocellulosic parts to the reactant and a catalyst.
  • Good results have been obtained by using di-methyl ethyl amine (DMEA) as a catalyst, in combination with propylene oxide as a reactant. It is expected that tri-methyl-amine (TMA) will also provide improved results (for example with propylene oxide as a reactant).
  • DMEA di-methyl ethyl amine
  • TMA tri-methyl-amine
  • the modification for example etherification, is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of 50-200 0 C. Also, good results can be achieved in case the modification is carried out at a pressure in the range of 1- 20 bar, for example a pressure of about 1 bar or higher, for example a pressure higher than 5 bar, more particularly a pressure of about 9 bar. Preferably, the pressure is lower than 20 bar (for example lower than 15 bar).
  • the modification step 102 can be followed by a recovery step 103, to recover compounds (for example reagent, swelling agent, and/or catalyst) from the treatment chamber.
  • the recovery step can include drying the
  • a solvent can be used to extract one ore more substances from the lignocellulosic parts after the modification step 102.
  • such extraction is carried out in the same treatment chamber, as was used in the modification step 102.
  • the lignocellulosic parts are dried (in a further drying step 104) after the modification step 102 (and/or recovery step).
  • This further drying step 104 can include various drying methods, for example oven drying, gas drying, or a different method.
  • recovered drying (i.e. swelling) agent is stored, to be reused in a subsequent wood treatment process.
  • the treatment that is described in this example comprises solvent- drying the lignocellulosic material (in this case wood), followed by reaction of the water-free lignocellulosic material with an epoxide in the presence of a small molecule catalyst at desired temperature and pressure.
  • Pinus sylvestris L. sapwood was tested, both in the form of slices and chips.
  • slices of the wood had been cut with approximate dimensions 30 mm x 30 mm x 10 mm.
  • the samples had been carefully selected and no growth disturbances (e.g. knots, resin pockets, etc.) have been included in the test material.
  • the wood was carefully planed parallel to the tangential or the radial plane, thus allowing for measurement of dimensions 100% radial or tangential.
  • Prior to treatment the wood has been acclimatised in a specified climate (i.e. 65% r.h. at 20 0 C) to achieve a specific starting moisture content, which was found to be 12%.
  • Samples were weighed on a balance to the nearest 0.01 g before and after treatment. Additionally, the three dimensions of the sliced samples were measured before and after treatment with a calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm.
  • the samples were solvent-dried (step 101), included removing the water content of the lignocrucosic material by means of a solvent.
  • the solvent was able to swell and penetrate the lignocellulosic material, it was inert, and dissolved the water in order to extract it.
  • the boiling point of the solvent is relatively lower (for example lower than 100 ° C at atmospheric pressure, in a further embodiment lower than 80 ° C at atmospheric pressure) to facilitate later removal.
  • the samples were solvent- dried up to ⁇ 3% water content using pure propylene oxide as drying agent, in a stainless steel 1 1 reactor, at 10 bars and 120 0 C.
  • an etherification (step 102) of the samples was carried out using a mixture of propylene oxide (PO) as reagent and di- methyl ethyl amine (DMEA) as catalyst; the substances were present in the mixture with a weight ratio PO:DMEA of 97:3.
  • the wood was impregnated with this mixture after the afore-mentioned pure drying agent (pure PO) had been removed (i.e. recovered in a step 105) from the wood.
  • a typical impregnation process consisted of a pre-vacuum of about
  • step 102 filling of the reactor, either with the drying agent to carry out step 101 or with the solution of reagent and catalysts (up to maximum 80% of the reactor volume) to perform subsequent step 102, application of pressure by adding nitrogen gas up to desired pressure, and heating up, maintaining the temperature for a specified time, cooling down, draining and applying a post vacuum using a cold trap to prevent liquids from going into the vacuum pump.
  • the pressure, the temperature inside the reactor and the temperature of the heating oil have been monitored at intervals of maximum 15 min.
  • the treated wood samples At the end of the reaction (step 102) the treated wood samples have been weighed and the dimensions measured.
  • the temperature was chosen to be as high as possible in order to increase the reaction yield. Pressure could be chosen between 0 and 15 bar, and it was typically around 8 bar.
  • the treatment temperature was chosen to be as high as possible in order to increase the speed and reaction yield but preferably not higher than 120 0 C, which is a safe upper limit to minimize wood degradation. In the examples that are described below the temperature was set to 90 0 C and the maximum pressure achieved during the process in the reactor was 9 bar.
  • the wood parts were found to be water repellent, and had a foam -like structure.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de traitement de pièces lignocellulosiques pour produire des pièces alvéolées ou analogues à des alvéoles, comprenant : - le séchage des pièces lignocellulosiques, le séchage impliquant le retrait de l'eau, le séchage étant réalisé par l'application d'au moins un agent de séchage liquide qui dissout et/ou remplace au moins partiellement l'eau, l'agent de séchage étant de préférence un agent de gonflage pour lignocellulose ; et – la modification chimique, par éthérification des pièces lignocellulosiques séchées. La modification chimique est telle qu'un volume des pièces lignocellulosiques augmente d'au moins 25 % par rapport à un volume initial des pièces.
EP10734836A 2009-07-03 2010-07-02 Procédé de traitement de pièces lignocellulosiques Withdrawn EP2448729A1 (fr)

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EP10734836A EP2448729A1 (fr) 2009-07-03 2010-07-02 Procédé de traitement de pièces lignocellulosiques

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EP09164574 2009-07-03
EP10734836A EP2448729A1 (fr) 2009-07-03 2010-07-02 Procédé de traitement de pièces lignocellulosiques
PCT/NL2010/050424 WO2011002296A1 (fr) 2009-07-03 2010-07-02 Procédé de traitement de pièces lignocellulosiques

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9000075B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2015-04-07 Cyclewood Solutions, Inc. Chemical modification of lignin and lignin derivatives
US20130303711A1 (en) 2012-05-11 2013-11-14 Cyclewood Solutions, Inc. Chemical modification of lignin and lignin derivatives
US9777032B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2017-10-03 Cyclewood Solutions, Inc. Injection of a chemical reagent into a process stream that contains lignin
BR112016025313A8 (pt) 2014-05-01 2021-05-04 Renmatix Inc método para produzir lignina funcionalizada
US10883067B2 (en) 2016-06-11 2021-01-05 Battelle Memorial Institute Direct alkoxylation of bio-oil

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0632928A (ja) * 1991-08-28 1994-02-08 Mokushitsu Shinsozai Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai 木質系発泡体およびその製法ならびに木質系発泡シートおよびそれからなる容器

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GB814584A (en) 1957-08-16 1959-06-10 Dow Chemical Co Stabilized wood and a method for its production
NL299220A (fr) 1962-10-15 1900-01-01
DE2059625A1 (de) 1969-12-03 1971-06-09 Elo Eino August Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaumkunststoffholz
US3985921A (en) * 1975-06-18 1976-10-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Treatment of wood with butylene oxide

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0632928A (ja) * 1991-08-28 1994-02-08 Mokushitsu Shinsozai Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai 木質系発泡体およびその製法ならびに木質系発泡シートおよびそれからなる容器

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
DATABASE WPI Week 199410, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1994-080079 *

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US20120161060A1 (en) 2012-06-28

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