EP2444328B1 - Kunststoffhülle mit optimiertem abnehmbarem Schutzband - Google Patents
Kunststoffhülle mit optimiertem abnehmbarem Schutzband Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2444328B1 EP2444328B1 EP11186294.2A EP11186294A EP2444328B1 EP 2444328 B1 EP2444328 B1 EP 2444328B1 EP 11186294 A EP11186294 A EP 11186294A EP 2444328 B1 EP2444328 B1 EP 2444328B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheets
- envelope
- outer edge
- access
- protection strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
- B65D33/18—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices using adhesive applied to integral parts, e.g. to flaps
- B65D33/20—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices using adhesive applied to integral parts, e.g. to flaps using pressure-sensitive adhesive
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of flexible plastic envelopes, provided with a detachable protective strip for an adhesive seal or glue for closing the envelopes.
- the object of the invention finds a particularly advantageous application, but not exclusively, to constitute a sealed envelope ensuring the packaging of articles in the general sense such as pharmaceutical products or money.
- Such envelopes are in practice relatively easy to use since it is sufficient after the introduction of the article inside the internal volume, to remove the protective strip and ensure the bonding between the two sheets of the envelope.
- this type of envelope there appears a partial or total accidental detachment of the protective strip. It follows a deterioration of the quality of closure or an inadvertent closure.
- this type of envelope has a relatively high cost, particularly because of the presence of a protective strip with a large width.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a flexible plastic envelope provided with a detachable protective strip inserted between its two sheets, such an envelope being designed to preserve the integrity of the adhesive seal and glue and its protective tape, while maintaining its easy closing qualities.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an envelope having a lower cost price than the envelopes of the state of the art.
- the invention relates to an envelope comprising at least two superimposed sheets of flexible plastic material and having closed sides with the exception of one side having an access passage to the inner volume of the envelope, delimited between two adjacent access edges of the sheets, the access passage being provided with an adhesive seal or glue coated with a detachable protective strip inserted between the two sheets and having an outer edge extending parallel to the edges of the sheets; leaf access.
- the outer edge of the protective strip extends in coincidence or recessed with respect to the access edges of the sheets with the exception of at least one clearance portion of at least one sheet of paper. extending at least partially away from the outer edge and a limited length of said outer edge to allow to discover the corresponding portion of the protective strip to facilitate its grip.
- the envelope according to the invention has the advantage of being provided with a detachable protective strip which is protected by the sheets avoiding its partial or total detachment while maintaining its ease of closure by gripping the protective strip at the leaf release portions not covering the protective strip.
- the localized access to the protective strip imposes a mode of removal of the strip leading to a correct assembly, without fold between the sheets.
- the use of a detachable protective strip of reduced width allows for inexpensive packaging.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing at low cost an envelope according to the invention.
- the object of the invention relates to a casing 1 for containing articles of any kind, not shown.
- the envelope 1 comprises at least two superimposed sheets 2 and 3, made of flexible plastic material preferably recyclable such as polyethylene, respectively defining the front and back sides of the envelope.
- the envelope 1 is delimited by two edges or longitudinal sides 4 , 5 parallel to each other and by two transverse edges or sides 6 , 7 taken into consideration only of the elongate shape of the envelope.
- the envelope 1 is made of a flexible plastic sheet folded or folded along the transverse side 6 which thus forms the bottom of the envelope.
- the two longitudinal sides 4 and 5 are closed for example by means of a weld 8 made at the edges of the sheets 2 , 3 .
- the transverse side 7 has a passage 9 for access to the internal volume of the casing 1 .
- This access passage 9 is arranged between the adjoining edges known as access 7 2 , 7 3 of the sheets respectively 2 and 3 .
- the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 of the superimposed sheets 2 and 3 extend in coincidence with one another or are edge to edge as is clearly apparent from FIG. Fig. 3 .
- one of the access edges may be equipped with a detachable pre-cut heel so that this access edge protrudes from the other access edge.
- the access passage 9 is equipped with an adhesive seal or glue 11 provided with a detachable protective strip 12 inserted or extending between the sheets 2 , 3 .
- This detachable protective strip 12 has two parallel edges 12 1 , 12 2 extending parallel to each other and parallel to the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 . More specifically, the detachable protective strip 12 has an inner edge 12 1 in consideration of its proximity to the internal volume of the envelope and an outer edge 12 2 in consideration of its distance from the internal volume of the envelope .
- the adhesive or glue joint 11 is located between the two longitudinal sides 4 , 5 extending recess or up to the level of these longitudinal sides.
- Such an adhesive or adhesive seal 11 is adapted to ensure after removal of the detachable protective strip, the assembly of the sheets 2 , 3 between them, or even with a seal between them.
- This adhesive or glue seal 11 is formed by one or more flat areas and / or bead of adhesive or glue extending inside a sheet and in a curved or parallel line to the edge of the sheet .
- the adhesive or glue seal 11 is a glue of the hot melt, acrylic, rubber or other type while the protective strip detachable is plastic, for example polyethylene terephthalate.
- the envelope 1 is made by a folded or folded sheet along a transverse side.
- the sheet is folded or folded along a longitudinal side, which leads to achieve a weld on a transverse side and the longitudinal side opposite to the folded side.
- the envelope 1 can be formed by the superposition of two sheets joined by welding along three of their sides.
- transversal or longitudinal for the sides are used for reasons of clarity in relation to the shape of the envelope illustrated, but it is clear that the object of the invention applies to an envelope of different shape, for example the access passage 9 is delimited along a longitudinal side, between two transverse sides of which one or both are assembled by welding.
- the envelope may be made differently, for example having a number of sheets greater than two, one or more pockets for inserting documents, transport fins or one or more bottom bellows, etc.
- the outer edge 12 2 of the protective strip 12 extends in coincidence or recessed with respect to the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 of the sheets 2 , 3 .
- the outer edge 12 2 of the protective strip 12 extends in coincidence with the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 of the sheets 2 , 3 while in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. Fig. 4 and 5 , the protective strip 12 has its outer edge 12 2 which recesses with respect to the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 .
- the outer edge 12 2 of the protective strip 12 extends in coincidence or recessed with respect to the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 except for at least one, and in the example shown in FIGS. Fig. 1 to 3 , four parts of clearance 15 leaves 2 and 3 .
- These clearance portions 15 extend from the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 and at least partially set back from the outer edge 12 2 in order to allow the corresponding part of the protective strip 12 to be uncovered in order to allow its grip from its outer edge 12 2 .
- the portion of the outer edge 12 2 facing said clearance portion 15 protrudes relative to the corresponding portion of the access edge 7 2 , 7 3 according to a height adapted to allow its gripping.
- the access edges of the sheets 2 , 3 extend in coincidence or protrusion with respect to the outer edge 12 2 of the protective strip, with the exception of at least a portion of the edges d 7 2 , 7 3 access delimiting or bordering each clearance portion 15.
- these clearance portions 15 extend along a limited length of the outer edge 12 2 of the protective strip 12 .
- the at least one clearance portion 15 is arranged in a localized manner on a sheet 2 , 3 and extends over a length of between 10 and 30% of the length of the protective strip 12. Such an arrangement makes it possible to manage at best the gripping areas of the band 12 and possible falls of material consecutive to the realization of these parts of clearance 15.
- each release portion 15 is a portion of a sheet 2, 3 removed from the access edge 7 2, 7 3. This removal of material from the sheets 2, 3 is carried out in such a way that the corresponding part of the protective strip 12 is no longer covered by the sheets 2, 3. According to this variant embodiment, each clearance portion 15 is delimited by a cutting or precut line 16.
- the removal of a portion of a sheet 2, 3 is obtained either by a cutting line 16 made during the manufacture of the envelope or by a precut line 16 with material losses. or discontinuous cuts allowing the part of the corresponding sheet to be easily removed by exerting a tensile force on this part in order to tear it along this precut line.
- the cutting or precut line 16 may have various forms for removing a portion of a sheet 2, 3, from its access edge 7 2 , 7 3 .
- the cutting line 16 has an oblong or quarter-circle shape, arranged from a corner of the sheet 2, 3 delimiting the access passage 9.
- a cutting line of different shape so as to delimit a clearance portion 15 of different shape, for example rectangular or square, as illustrated in FIGS. Fig. 4, 5 .
- the Fig. 4 and 5 illustrate another alternative embodiment of the clearance portion 15 in the form of a movable portion of a sheet adapted to occupy a non-overlapping position of the protective strip 12 as it appears more precisely in the Fig. 5 .
- the clearance portion 15 is delimited by at least one cutting or precut line 16 adapted to allow, when applying a force on this moving part, to move it away by sliding or by uprising by rotating it relative to the band protection 12 .
- the protective strip 12 is in this zone, unobstructed or not covered by the sheet 2 , 3 allowing its gripping with a view to its removal.
- a cutting or precut line 16 is arranged from each edge 7 2 , 7 3 of the sheets and parallel to the longitudinal edges 4 and 5 and near its edges.
- these cutting or precut lines 16 are arranged over a sufficient length so that at least the clearance portion 15 extends back from the protective strip 12. In other words, the strip 12 is no longer covered from its outer edge 12 2 when the clearance portion 15 is moved, slid or rotated relative to the remainder of the sheet.
- these cutting or precut lines 16 can be made parallel to the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 of the sheets 2 , 3 so as to clear the corners of the sheets.
- the two sheets 2 and 3 each have two clearance portions 15 extending symmetrically vis-à-vis and on both sides of the detachable protective strip 12 .
- Each envelope thus has four clearance portions 15 allowing the protection strip to be gripped from the two corners of the envelope bordering the access passage 9 .
- each clearance portion 15 can be made not in a corner of a sheet but at any point along the length of the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 .
- Such an alternative embodiment can be implemented for example when the detachable protective strip 12 does not extend over the entire length of the access edges of the envelope.
- the casing 1 according to the invention has the advantage of being equipped with a detachable protective strip 12 of reduced width and protected over most of its length by the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 leaves 2 , 3 but having at least one localized portion protruding from the sheets 2 , 3 to facilitate its grip.
- the casing 1 according to the invention can be manufactured according to all known conventional methods for the constitution of flexible plastic envelopes.
- the Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a method for continuously manufacturing envelopes 1 according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention consists in providing the cutting or the precut 16 of at least one sheet and in the illustrated example of the two sheets 2 and 3 in order to achieve the release portions 15 according to the invention.
- the cut or the precut 16 is made on the sheets, overlapping a line intended to form the junction between two consecutive envelopes, shown schematically by a broken line t .
- the method according to the invention consists in equipping the casing with an adhesive seal or glue 11 coated with the protective strip 12 .
- the protective strip 12 is positioned so that its outer edge 12 2 extends in coincidence ( Fig. 1 to 3 ) or as illustrated in Fig. 5 , Recessed relative to the edges of port 7 2, 7 3 of the sheets 2, 3.
- the sheets 2 and 3 are placed in superposition position with the coincidence of the clearance parts 15 .
- the detachable protective strip 12 is located between the two sheets 2 , 3 .
- the three sides of the envelope are joined by a weld 8 with the exception of the side having the two adjacent access edges 7 2 , 7 3 delimiting the access opening 9 of the envelope .
- the envelopes 1 are separated by a cutout at their common junction t so as to obtain a casing 1 according to the invention.
- Fig. 7 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a continuous manufacturing process, envelopes 1 according to the invention.
- This method makes it possible to continuously produce pairs of envelopes 1 which are contiguous along their edges represented by discontinuous lines t.
- the envelopes 1 extend head to tail and symmetrically with respect to a common axis of symmetry A , with their access passages 9 located near said axis.
- the method consists in producing in each sheet 2 , 3 , at least one and in the illustrated example four blanks or pre-cuts 16 of a sheet 2 , 3 centered on the axis of symmetry A to obtain for each envelope, four parts of clearance 15 .
- these four cuts 16 are made by a single cut on each sheet, for example of oblong shape centered on the axis of symmetry A and made overlapping on two pairs of consecutive envelopes.
- the method according to the invention consists in producing a glue joint 11 symmetrically on either side of the axis of symmetry A.
- the two glue joints 11 are covered with a single detachable protective strip 12 centered on the axis of symmetry A.
- the sheets 2 , 3 are placed in the superposed position with the clearance parts 15 in register with each other. , and with the positioning of the protective strip 12 between the sheets 2 , 3 , before ensuring their assembly by welds 8 .
- a pair of envelopes is separated from the pair of adjacent envelopes along the line t and the two envelopes of each pair are separated along the axis of symmetry A.
- the production of a cut along the common axis of symmetry A leads to obtaining for each pair of envelopes made simultaneously, two envelopes 1 each having two adjacent access edges 7 2 and 7 3 extending in coincidence with the outer edge 12 2 of the protective strip 12 .
- this protective strip 12 is accessible or is disengaged by the clearance parts 15 arranged in the sheets 2 and 3 .
- the sheets 2 , 3 come from two coils of plastic film.
- the two sheets 2 , 3 can be from the same film reel. In this case, the film is folded on itself in a conventional manner, in order to obtain the two sheets 2 , 3 in superimposed position.
- the two sheets 2 , 3 can be made from a sheath of a plastic film.
- the access edges 7 1 , 7 2 of the sheets 2 , 3 and the outer edge 12 2 of the protective strip extend in coincidence taking into account the realization of a common cut along the axis of symmetry A.
- the other manufacturing methods can lead to obtaining access edges 7 2 , 7 3 coincidentally on the outer edge 12 2 of the protective strip while these edges 7 2 , 7 3 , 12 2 are not strictly edge to edge.
- the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 are considered to coincide with the outer edge 12 2 even if the outer edge 12 2 slightly exceeds the access edges 7 2 , 7 3 (for example 1 or 2 mm), this exceeding does not allow a gripping of the protective strip 12 .
- the envelopes 1 are made continuously but the object of the invention also applies to a discontinuous manufacturing process.
- the various figures illustrate an envelope provided with an adhesive seal 11 .
- the object of the invention can be implemented analogously with an adhesive seal provided with a protective tape. According to this variant, two adhesive seals are deposited in a contiguous manner or not and parallel to each other, replacing the single protective strip used in the manufacturing process illustrated in FIG. Fig. 7 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sheet Holders (AREA)
- Buffer Packaging (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Hülle, umfassend wenigstens zwei übereinanderliegende Folien (2, 3) aus flexiblem Kunststoff, die mit Ausnahme einer Seite, welche einen zwischen zwei benachbarten Zugangsrändern (72, 73) der Folien (2, 3) begrenzten Durchgang für den Zugang (9) zum Innenraum der Hülle aufweist, geschlossene Seiten besitzen, wobei der Zugangsdurchgang (9) mit einer Haft- oder Klebedichtung (11) versehen ist, die mit einem ablösbaren Schutzstreifen (12), welcher zwischen den beiden Folien eingefügt ist und einen zu den Zugangsrändern (72, 73) der Folien parallel verlaufenden Außenrand (122) besitzt, überzogen ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außenrand (122) des Schutzstreifens (12) sich in Übereinstimmung mit oder zurückliegend gegenüber den Zugangsrändern (72, 73) der Folien erstreckt, mit Ausnahme wenigstens eines Freilassungsteils (15) wenigstens einer Folie (2, 3), der wenigstens teilweise von dem Außenrand (122) zurückliegend und entlang einer begrenzten Länge des Außenrandes verläuft, um ein Freilegen des entsprechenden Teils des Schutzstreifens (12) zur Erleichterung seines Greifens zu ermöglichen. - Hülle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Folien (2, 3) jeweils wenigstens einen Freilassungsteil (15) besitzen, der wenigstens teilweise gegenüber dem Außenrand (122) zurückliegend und entlang einer begrenzten Länge des Außenrandes verläuft, wobei diese beiden Freilassungsteile (15) gegenüber dem sowie auf beiden Seiten des ablösbaren Schutzstreifen(s) (12) verlaufen.
- Hülle nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Folien (2, 3) jeweils zwei Freilassungsteile (15) besitzen, die wenigstens teilweise gegenüber dem Außenrand (122) zurückliegend und entlang einer begrenzten Länge des Außenrandes verlaufen, wobei ein jeder der Freilassungsteile (15) einer Folie gegenüber dem sowie auf beiden Seiten des ablösbaren Schutzstreifen(s) (12) verläuft.
- Hülle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Freilassungsteil (15) ausgehend von einer Ecke der Folie, die den Zugangsdurchgang (9) begrenzt, ausgebildet ist.
- Hülle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Freilassungsteil (15) entweder einem entfernten Teil einer Folie, der den entsprechenden Teil des Schutzstreifens (12) offen lässt, oder einem beweglichen Teil einer Folie entspricht, der geeignet ist, eine Position zum Nichtbedecken des entsprechenden Teils des Schutzstreifens (12) einzunehmen.
- Hülle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Freilassungsteil (15) eine längliche oder Viertelkreis-Form aufweist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hüllen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, das darin besteht:wenigstens zwei Folien (2, 3) aus flexiblem Kunststoff übereinanderzulegen,- die Seiten der Hülle zu verschließen, mit Ausnahme einer Seite, welche einen Durchgang für den Zugang (9) zum Innenraum der Hülle aufweist, wobei dieser Zugangsdurchgang (9) zwischen zwei benachbarten Zugangsrändern (72, 73) der Folien (2, 3) begrenzt ist,- den Zugangsdurchgang (9) mit einer Haft- oder Klebedichtung (11) zu versehen, die mit einem ablösbaren Schutzstreifen (12), welcher zwischen den beiden Folien (2, 3) eingefügt ist und einen zu den Zugangsrändern der Folien parallel verlaufenden Außenrand (122) besitzt, überzogen ist, wobei das Verfahren gekennzeichnet ist durch:- das Positionieren des Schutzstreifens (12) derart, dass er sich in Übereinstimmung mit oder zurückliegend gegenüber den Zugangsrändern (72, 73) der Folien erstreckt,- das Ausschneiden oder das Vorschneiden (16) wenigstens eines Teils wenigstens einer Folie (2, 3) entlang einer begrenzten Länge des Außenrandes, um wenigstens einen Freilassungsteil (15) auszubilden, der ein Freilegen des entsprechenden Teils des Schutzstreifens (12) zur Erleichterung seines Greifens ermöglicht.
- Herstellungsverfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, Hüllen (1), die vor ihrer Trennung über ihre Seiten untereinander verbunden sind, fortlaufend herzustellen und den Ausschnitt oder den Vorschnitt (16) einer Folie überlappend für zwei aufeinanderfolgende Hüllen herzustellen.
- Herstellungsverfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht:- fortlaufend Paare von Hüllen herzustellen, wobei bei jedem Paar die Hüllen in Bezug auf eine gemeinsame Symmetrieachse (A) symmetrisch verlaufen, wobei ihre Zugangsdurchgänge (9) in der Nähe der Achse gelegen sind,- die beiden Klebedichtungen (11) mit Hilfe eines einzigen ablösbaren Schutzstreifens (12), der auf der Symmetrieachse (A) zentriert ist, zu überziehen,- für jedes Hüllenpaar wenigstens einen Ausschnitt oder Vorschnitt (16) einer Folie herzustellen, der auf der Symmetrieachse (A) zentriert ist, um für jede Hülle wenigstens einen Freilassungsteil (15) zu erhalten,- einen Schnitt entlang der gemeinsamen Symmetrieachse (A) herzustellen, um die Hüllen eines Paares zu trennen.
- Herstellungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, das Ausschneiden oder das Vorschneiden (16) wenigstens eines Teils der beiden Folien (2, 3) zu gewährleisten, so dass die erhaltenen Freilassungsteile (15) gegenüber dem sowie auf beiden Seiten des ablösbaren Schutzstreifen(s) (12) verlaufen.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL11186294T PL2444328T3 (pl) | 2010-10-25 | 2011-10-24 | Koperta z tworzywa sztucznego ze zoptymalizowaną zdejmowaną opaską ochronną |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1058715A FR2966441B1 (fr) | 2010-10-25 | 2010-10-25 | Enveloppe en matiere plastique avec bande de protection detachable optimisee |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2444328A1 EP2444328A1 (de) | 2012-04-25 |
EP2444328B1 true EP2444328B1 (de) | 2013-12-18 |
Family
ID=43709083
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11186294.2A Not-in-force EP2444328B1 (de) | 2010-10-25 | 2011-10-24 | Kunststoffhülle mit optimiertem abnehmbarem Schutzband |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2444328B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2449703T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2966441B1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL2444328T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3044302B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-30 | 2020-02-14 | Hanova | Sac de transport par reseau pneumatique de distribution |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5045040A (en) | 1988-04-28 | 1991-09-03 | Uniflex, Inc. | Envelope closure seal and method |
US6575627B2 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2003-06-10 | David C. Huseman | Selectively closeable plastic film bag structure |
FR2885353B1 (fr) * | 2005-05-04 | 2010-03-05 | Decomatic Sa | Enveloppe etanche en matiere plastique |
-
2010
- 2010-10-25 FR FR1058715A patent/FR2966441B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-10-24 EP EP11186294.2A patent/EP2444328B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-10-24 PL PL11186294T patent/PL2444328T3/pl unknown
- 2011-10-24 ES ES11186294.2T patent/ES2449703T3/es active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2966441B1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 |
PL2444328T3 (pl) | 2014-06-30 |
ES2449703T3 (es) | 2014-03-20 |
FR2966441A1 (fr) | 2012-04-27 |
EP2444328A1 (de) | 2012-04-25 |
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