EP2440708B1 - Gründung für einen off-shore turm - Google Patents

Gründung für einen off-shore turm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2440708B1
EP2440708B1 EP10734368.3A EP10734368A EP2440708B1 EP 2440708 B1 EP2440708 B1 EP 2440708B1 EP 10734368 A EP10734368 A EP 10734368A EP 2440708 B1 EP2440708 B1 EP 2440708B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support system
mooring
lower column
anchor
seabed
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EP10734368.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2440708A1 (de
Inventor
Sigurd Ramslie
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Seatower AS
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Seatower AS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for installation on a seabed in a body of water. More specifically, the invention relates to a structure for seabed installation, for supporting offshore wind turbines.
  • the invention also relates to a mooring line arrangement with means for mooring lines, tensioning and aligning the supporting structure with vertical.
  • both these techniques require to applied a tension load of a magnitude that is at least equal to the intended tensioning force in the line and the anchor to which the mooring line is connected can be exposed to a large lifting load up to nearly the double of the tensioning load and be decisive for the bearing capacity of the anchor.
  • chain as a part of the mooring line adds to the geometrical stiffness of the mooring lines due to increased catenary effects, which may not be desired for taut moorings.
  • a support system for an offshore structure such as a wind turbine, comprising a lower column for supported via its first end by the seabed; at least one mooring arrangement connected at a first end to the lower column and at a second end to at least one respective anchor means, and wherein each mooring arrangement comprising at least a tubular portion attached via connection means in an end-to-end relationship to a flexible portion.
  • each mooring arrangement comprises at least two tubular portions attached to the lower column and arranged substantially in a side-by-side relationship and via respective connection means attached in an end-to-end relationship to two respective flexible portions, each flexible portion being connected to respective anchors.
  • connection means are preferably interconnected via a tensioning device, whereby the distance between the connection means may be controlled and adjusted.
  • the tubular portion comprises a rod element. In one embodiment, the tubular portion comprises a buoyant element. In one embodiment, the flexible portion comprises a wire, fibre rope, steel rope, or similar.
  • each anchor means comprise a foundation plate element for placement on or in connection with the seabed and having an upwardly extending and peripheral wall element thereby defining an upper compartment above said foundation plate element and having an upwardly directed opening.
  • the anchor means further comprises a dividing plate inside the upper compartment thereby defining a container between the foundation plate element and the upper compartment, said container comprising means for fluid communication with fluids outside the container.
  • the upper compartment comprises means for fluid communication with fluids outside the container.
  • the foundation plate element comprises downwardly extending skirt elements thereby defining a lower compartment underneath the plate element.
  • each anchor means comprises an attachment device for a respective mooring arrangement and having a pull-in means for a respective one of a flexible portion, and locking means which permits a pull-in operation but prevents the flexible portion from being pulled out of the attachment device.
  • the attachment device further comprises, in one embodiment, pins for connecting the flexible portion to the pull-in and locking means, said pins being arranged in a substantially perpendicular relationship, similar to a universal joint.
  • the support system comprising three mooring arrangements.
  • the lower column is supported by a foundation base resting on the seabed.
  • the mooring arrangement first end is connected to the lower column in a region near a second end of the lower column.
  • the lower column second end extends above sea level when installed on the seabed.
  • the inventive guyed supporting structure and mooring arrangement with integrated tensioning solves a set of typical issues associated with this type of structures and mooring of them, in particular:
  • the embodiment of the supporting structure is similar to that described in the patents mentioned above.
  • the entire supporting structure is divided into two separate parts i.e. the lower supporting structure hereafter named as the lower column, and the upper supporting structure often named as column, shaft, or tower.
  • This split of the structure reflects the current philosophy of wind offshore farm developers who requires one contractor to deliver the lower column and another contractor to deliver the tower with the turbine and rotor. In the technical sense, splitting of the entire structure enables upending by ballast control only, i.e. without application of an external upending force.
  • the inventive mooring comprises at least 3 pairs of mooring members where the members are arranged in pairs. Further, the members are interconnected with a line or similar that is provided with a device that can shorten the distance between the mooring members in points where the interconnecting line is attached. In this manner the tension in the mooring members can be effectively increased or adjusted.
  • the upper connection points of the mooring members hence the lower column at this elevation can be moved in the horizontal plane. Since the lower end of the lower column is prevented to move in the horizontal plane, the result of these adjustments is change of the angle of the lower column with the vertical and can be applied to achieve the desired angle, typically vertical.
  • each mooring member is provided with a termination that locks itself in a fixed position at the anchor that is able to transmit loads into the anchor.
  • the mooring members can be composed of cables (wire ropes, chain, fiber ropes) and rods (tubular, beams) and combination of these. Any of these mooring members can either be made buoyant or distributed or lump weights can be added in a conventional manner to achieve the required characteristics of the entire mooring system.
  • the mooring members are provided with a forerunner line attached to the lower end, which can pull the termination into the lock position.
  • Method for installing the entire mooring system with minimizing the amount of subsea work is also provided.
  • a lower column 1 is installed in water body W and resting on a foundation base 2 that is supported by seabed S.
  • stability and verticality of the lower column 1 is provided with three pairs of mooring members 3a,b, 4a,b, and 5a,b, each attached to respective anchor pairs 6a,b, 7a,b and 8a,b.
  • the pairs of mooring members are tensioned and the verticality of the lower column secured by interconnecting lines of adjustable length 9, 10 and 11.
  • composition of the mooring is illustrated in a top view in figure 3 .
  • Both mooring members 3a are at the upper end connected to the lower column 1 resting on the foundation base 2(only party shown in figure 3 ).
  • the mooring members 3a,b are attached to anchors 6a,b.
  • the upper and lower ends of the mooring members are connections allowing free rotation in plane perpendicular their longitudinal axis, although with some practical limitations of the angles that are larger that the angles expected to occur. This ensures that no bending moments will occur on the individual parts of the mooring members 3a,b.
  • the upper section 12a,b of the mooring member 3a,b comprise a rod, preferably a tubular of required stiffness (i.e.
  • the lower section 15a,b in the shown embodiment is made of a rope, i.e. steel wire or fiber rope.
  • the sections12a,b and 15a,b are attached to each other by means of respective connecting plates 18a,b.
  • To the first connection plate 18a is attached a tensioning line 9 whose opposite end is connected to a drum 24 with a ratchet wheel on the second connection plate 18b.
  • the drum 24 can be revolved by a standard torque tool operated by a standard remotely operated vehicle.
  • the tensioning line 9 is shortened and the splice points of the mooring members are moving towards each other and due to geometrical changes of the mooring members either a tensioning force of motion to top connection point or combination of both occurs. Hence the tensioning and vertical alignment is facilitated. It is advantageous to design all the mooring members 3a,b, 4a,b, and 5a,b identically.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 illustrate an embodiment of the anchors 6,7,8 that is compatible with the innovative installation method explained in description of Figures 8 to 11 .
  • Vertical section through the anchor 6,7,8 in figure 4 shows on seabed S resting a bottom slab 34 that supports vertical wall 35.
  • the vertical wall 35 confines a from above open space 36 filled with solid ballast 39 and a closed space 37 separated by a roof element 41.
  • Space 36 is open to air during towage to the installation site when the anchor is floating on the water surface. Seawater can flood this space through an orifice 42 controlled by valve 44.
  • the closed space 37 is filled by air during transport and installation of the anchor, and upon completion of installation it is flooded by seawater through orifices 42' valves 44' and the air is expelled for the compartment through a vent orifice 43 controlled by valve 45.
  • the bottom slab 34 can be provided by skirts 38 or other elements embedded into the seabed such as piles (not shown).
  • Loads from the lower mooring member 15,16,17 are transmitted into the structure of the anchor 6,7,8 through an attachment device 40.
  • the attachment devise 40 enables pull-in of the line 15,16,17 into a position in which becomes permanently secured in position and able of transmitting tension loads from the line. This may be achieved by using by using commercially available connectors.
  • FIG. A An optional embodiment of the attachment device is shown in Detail A where the lower mooring member 15,16,17 is an wire rope terminated by a socket 46 attached via a rotation free bolt 47 to a transition element 48 that is further attached via a rotation free bolt 49 to an end stopper 50.
  • the wire rope may change its direction without exerting any moment in its termination and moments exerted into the end stopper are minimized.
  • the end stopper 50 transfers to tension into the attachment device through a contact with a pair of locking arm 51a,b that can pivot about an axis 52.
  • the end stopper 50 is drawn by means of a pull-in line 53 into the attachment device. Indicated by dashed lines is a position in which the pair of locking arms has pivoted to an extreme position 51'a,b. In next position during the pull-inn the locking arms loose the support from the end stopper 50 and fall down on the opposite side of it.
  • the end stopper 50 moves outwards the attachment devise until getting into contact with the locking arms 51.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the anchor 6,7,8 where the vertical wall 35 is shaped in form of an vertical cylinder resting on a square bottom slab 34.
  • the wire rope 15,16,17 is attached to the anchor by means of the attachment device 40.
  • Fig. 6 shows a vertical section of the foundation base 2 resting with it bottom section 55 on seabed S and skirts 38 penetrated into the seabed S.
  • the lower column indicated by dashed lines will be deployed in the center of the foundation base fitting the conical recess 56.
  • the contact face 57 between the recess and the lower column is clad with material with properties ensuring that the loads from the column can be transferred into the foundation. Particular design concern is to obtain desired torque capacity between these two structures.
  • the outfitting for these operations is identical to that for the anchor. I.e.
  • the base is provided with a buoyancy compartment confined by the bottom section 55, vertical walls 35 and 35' and roof section 41; orifices 42 and 43; and valves 44 and 45.
  • a guide 58 is provided for guiding of the lower column during the final stage of its lowering onto the base.
  • Figure 7 is a top view of the foundation base 2 where the bottom section 55 with skirts 38 indicated by dashed lines are shaped as a squares that provide resistance various loads, in particular to the torque.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the anchor 6 outfitted for transport and installation with lower part 15 of the mooring devise
  • the line 15 is terminated with the connecting plate 18 while on the opposite end the lime terminates with the end stopper 50 to which the pull-in line 53 is connected.
  • the buoy 31 With messenger line 53' provided with the end float 32. All the components are seafastened to the base 34 of the anchor.
  • FIGs 9 to 12 shows the preferred transport and installation method for the anchors and the foundation base, here illustrated for anchor. The same applies for the foundation base.
  • the anchor 5 floating on surface of a water body W shown in figure 9 is connected to towing vessels 59 and 60 and is being transported to the installation site.
  • Figure 10 illustrates the situation-upon arrival of the towing spread to the installation site where the foundation base 2 has already been installed.
  • An installation vessel 61 has attached a distance line 63 from the foundation base 2 to the anchor 5 and is now being engaged with connecting an installation buoyancy tank 62 to a line 64 from the anchor 5.
  • the trailing towing vessel indicated by numeral 60 in figure 8 has been detached from the anchor.
  • FIG 11 shown the descent of the anchor 5 to a position close to seabed S.
  • the descent was initiated by opening the orifice 42 by means of valve 44 (see figure 4 ) enabling flooding of the ballast compartment 36.
  • the descent progresses because the anchor has buoyancy that is somewhat smaller that it's submerged weight. Shown is the stage where the anchor descents through water while tensioning the line 64 thus gradually engaging the installation buoyancy tank 62. Towing vessel keeps the distance line 63 tensioned, thus maintaining positional control of the anchor 5.
  • Figure 12 shows the situation when the anchor 5 has descended to a position in which is determined by the buoyancy of the installation buoyancy tank 62 and the length of the line 64.
  • the vessel 59 keeps tension in the distance line 63 enabling to install the anchor in accurate distance from the foundation base 2. Attaining desired azimuth orientation the vessel 59 ensures also the desired orientation of the anchor.
  • Upon retrieval of a filling hose 65 to its deck the installation vessel starts pumping water into the installation ballast tank 62. The increasing weight causes further descent and enables deployment of the anchor onto the seabed S. Water filling into the installation buoyancy terminates when the line 64 becomes slack, hence can be disconnected.
  • orifices 42' and 43 are opened e.g. by a remotely operated vehicle operating the valves 44' and 45 shown in figure 4 .
  • Figure 13 shows the situation at the installation site when the foundation base 2 and all anchors 6,7,8 have been installed and the lower parts 15,16,17 of mooring lines have been buoyed off to water surface where they are supported by buoyancy elements 25,26,27.
  • the pull-in lines 28,29,30 have also been buoyed off to water surface where they are supported by buoyancy elements 31,32,33 and provided with messenger lines 28',29',30' and floats.
  • the lower column 1 floating on surface of a water body W shown in figure 14 is connected to towing vessels 59 and 60 and is being transported to the installation site.
  • FIG 15 is shown the towing spread, i.e. the towing vessels 49 and 50 and the lower column 1 upon arrival to the installation site and upon upending of the lower column 1 by ballasting as described in NO 326904 and NO326937 .
  • the upper part 12a of the mooring line has been released for transport position and is being connected by the installation vessel 61 to the lower part 15a of the mooring line.
  • the towing vessel 60 (not shown due to scale) is still connected and assists the vessel 1 in keeping suitable position of the lower column 1.
  • Figure 16 shows in a top view the situation upon completion of connection of the mooring line 3a and during connecting the upper part 12b to the lower part 15b. Once the connection is completed the towing vessel 60 (not shown due to scale) can be released and demobilized.
  • Figure 20 illustrates the final step of the installation, i.e. tensioning of the mooring lines and alignment with the vertical.
  • Remotely operated vehicles 68 and 68' are winching the tensioning lines 9 and 10 while recording the tension and the verticality.
  • Fig. 21 illustrates optional type of anchors, mooring line segment and connector for the mooring legs.
  • the anchoring of mooring legs is by means of piles 70 and a connector 71 is located at a suitable point along the leg.
  • the pile is normally more economic solution than the anchor explained in figures 5 and 6 unless the driving of piles is difficult or impossible, which is the case for sediments with large boulders or shallow depth to bedrock.
  • the connector is provided with a pull-in wire and facility for performing the initial tensioning of the mooring leg and to achieve similar application as the connecter 40 described in figure 4 . Locating the connecter at an intermediate point along the mooring leg opens for an alternative installation method explained in figures that follow.
  • Fig. 22 is the situation upon installation of pile anchors 70 with the lower section of the mooring line 12 attached to it. At the other is attached the connection plate 9 to which is connected a tubular section of the upper segment 12, 13 14. These are buoyed off to surface by line 72 suspended from buoys 73.
  • Fig. illustrates the situation where all legs have been connected, the column is ready for deployment onto the base 2 and finally for tensioning of the legs.
  • the mooring legs the upper sections of mooring legs are made up of two elements provided with a hinged connection 74.
  • the lower end of the upper part of the mooring leg is connected to the lower segment via a pull-in line 28 running over a sheave (not shown) in the connector 71 and to surface buoy 31.
  • the pull-inn line is provided with a stopper transferring the tension in the preassembled mooring leg in this temporary phase.
  • the connector 71 and the termination at the lower end of the upper mooring leg segment are pulled together and into a locked position. This concludes the pretension.
  • the final tensioning of the system and verticality alignments are performed as explained in fig. 20 .
  • the invented support structure is particularly useful in water depths more than approximately 35 metres.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Stützsystem für eine Offshore-Struktur, wie eine Windturbine, gekennzeichnet durch
    - eine untere Säule (1) zum Abstützen über sein erstes Ende durch den Meeresgrund (S);
    - zumindest eine Verankerungseinrichtung (3a,b, 4a,b, 5a,b), verbunden an einem ersten Ende mit der unteren Säule (1) und an einem zweiten Ende mit zumindest einem jeweiligen Ankermittel (6a,b, 7a,b, 8a,b), und wobei jede Verankerungseinrichtung zumindest einen röhrenförmigen Abschnitt (12a,b) umfasst, welcher über Verbindungsmittel (18a,b) in einer Ende-zu-Ende Beziehung an einem flexiblen Abschnitt (15a,b) angebracht ist.
  2. Stützsystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei jede Verankerungseinrichtung zumindest zwei röhrenförmige Abschnitte (12a,b) umfasst, welche an der unteren Säule (1) angebracht sind und welche im Wesentlichen in einer nebeneinanderliegenden Anordnungsbeziehung angeordnet sind und über jeweilige Verbindungsmittel (18a,b) in einer Ende-zu-Ende Anordnungsbeziehung an zwei jeweils flexiblen Abschnitten (15a,b) angebracht sind, wobei jeder flexible Abschnitt mit entsprechenden Ankern (6a,b) verbunden ist.
  3. Stützsystem nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Verbindungsmittel (18a,b) über eine Spanneinrichtung (9, 10, 11, 24) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der Abstand zwischen den Verbindungsmitteln (18a,b) gesteuert und eingestellt werden kann.
  4. Stützsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, wobei der röhrenförmige Abschnitt (12a,b) ein Stangenelement umfasst.
  5. Stützsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, wobei der röhrenförmige Abschnitt (12a,b) ein schwimmfähiges Element umfasst.
  6. Stützsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, wobei der flexible Abschnitt (15a,b) einen Draht, ein Faserseil, ein Stahlseil oder ähnliches umfasst.
  7. Stützsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jedes Ankermittel (6a,b, 7a,b, 8a,b) ein Fundamentplattenelement (34) zum Platzieren auf oder in Verbindung mit dem Meeresgrund umfasst und welches ein nach oben sich ersteckendes und peripheres Wandelement (35) aufweist, wodurch ein oberes Abteil (36) oberhalb des Fundamentplattenelements definiert wird, und welches eine nach oben gerichtete Öffnung hat.
  8. Stützsystem nach Anspruch 7, weiterhin umfassend eine Trennplatte (41) innerhalb des oberen Abteils (36), wodurch ein Behälter (37) zwischen dem Fundamentplattenelement (34) und dem oberen Abteil (36) definiert wird, wobei der Behälter Mittel (43, 45, 42', 44') zum Flüssigkeitsaustausch mit Flüssigkeiten außerhalb des Behälters umfasst.
  9. Stützsystem nach Anspruch 7 oder Anspruch 8, wobei das obere Abteil (36) Mittel (42, 44) zum Flüssigkeitsaustausch mit Flüssigkeiten außerhalb des Behälters umfasst.
  10. Stützsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 7 - 9, wobei das Fundamentplattenelement (34) sich nach unten erstreckende Schürzenelemente (38) umfasst, wodurch ein unteres Abteil unter dem Plattenelement definiert wird.
  11. Stützsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jedes Ankermittel (6a,b, 7a,b, 8a,b) eine Befestigungsvorrichtung (40) für eine jeweilige Ankereinrichtung und ein Einzugsmittel (53) für einen jeweiligen flexiblen Abschnitt (15a,b) umfasst sowie Sicherungsmittel (51 a,b, 52, 54), welche eine Einzugstätigkeit erlauben, aber welche verhindern, dass der flexible Abschnitt aus der Befestigungseinrichtung herausgezogen wird.
  12. Stützsystem nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Befestigungseinrichtung (40) weiterhin Anschlüsse (47, 49) umfasst, um den flexiblen Abschnitt mit dem Einzugs- und Sicherungsmittel zu verbinden, wobei die Anschlüsse in einer im Wesentlichen senkrechten Beziehung angeordnet sind, ähnlich zu einem Universalgelenk.
  13. Stützsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend drei Ankereinrichtungen.
  14. Stützsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die untere Säule durch eine auf dem Meeresgrund ruhende Fundamentbasis (2) gestützt ist.
  15. Stützsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das erste Ende der Ankereinrichtung (3a,b, 4a,b, 5a,b) mit der unteren Säule in einem Bereich nahe des zweiten Endes der unteren Säule verbunden ist.
  16. Stützsystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das zweite Ende der unteren Säule sich über den Meeresspiegel erstreckt, wenn sie im Meeresgrund installiert ist.
EP10734368.3A 2009-06-12 2010-06-08 Gründung für einen off-shore turm Active EP2440708B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20092283A NO329901B1 (no) 2009-06-12 2009-06-12 Baeresystem for en offshorekonstruksjon
PCT/NO2010/000213 WO2011005101A1 (en) 2009-06-12 2010-06-08 Foundation for offshore tower

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2440708A1 EP2440708A1 (de) 2012-04-18
EP2440708B1 true EP2440708B1 (de) 2015-12-16

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EP (1) EP2440708B1 (de)
DK (1) DK2440708T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2564453T3 (de)
NO (1) NO329901B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2011005101A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11173987B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2021-11-16 Atkins Energy, Inc. Offshore floating structures
WO2020048573A1 (en) * 2018-09-06 2020-03-12 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Wind turbine foundation
WO2021094460A1 (en) * 2019-11-15 2021-05-20 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Spread mooring arrangement, use thereof and method therefor

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10109428A1 (de) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-05 Remmer Briese Off-Shore-Windkraftanlage
WO2003001009A1 (de) * 2001-06-24 2003-01-03 Joachim Falkenhagen Meerestechnische tragkonstruktion, insbesondere für eine offshore-windkraftanlage, und verfahren zur herstellung einer derartigen tragkonstruktionen
US7508088B2 (en) * 2005-06-30 2009-03-24 General Electric Company System and method for installing a wind turbine at an offshore location
NO326904B1 (no) 2007-06-29 2009-03-16 Seatower Ballasterbar oppdriftsanordning og anvendelse av denne
NO326937B1 (no) * 2007-06-29 2009-03-16 Seatower Anordning og fremgangsmate ved marin tarnstruktur
ITTO20070666A1 (it) * 2007-09-24 2009-03-25 Blue H Intellectual Properties Sistema di conversione di energia eolica offshore per acque profonde
US20090128085A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-21 Fu-Hung Yang Integrated Wind and Solar Power Generting Structure

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WO2011005101A1 (en) 2011-01-13
ES2564453T3 (es) 2016-03-22
NO20092283L (no) 2010-12-13
DK2440708T3 (en) 2016-03-14
NO329901B1 (no) 2011-01-24
EP2440708A1 (de) 2012-04-18

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