EP2437228B1 - Alarme, installation d'alarme et procédé de reconnaissance d'erreurs de lignes de transmission - Google Patents

Alarme, installation d'alarme et procédé de reconnaissance d'erreurs de lignes de transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2437228B1
EP2437228B1 EP11008014.0A EP11008014A EP2437228B1 EP 2437228 B1 EP2437228 B1 EP 2437228B1 EP 11008014 A EP11008014 A EP 11008014A EP 2437228 B1 EP2437228 B1 EP 2437228B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detector
voltage
terminal voltage
short
current
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Active
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EP11008014.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2437228A2 (fr
EP2437228A3 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Brendle
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Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH
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Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH
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Publication of EP2437228A3 publication Critical patent/EP2437228A3/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
    • G08B26/005—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station with substations connected in series, e.g. cascade
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/123—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems of line circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a danger detector, alarm system and method for detecting line faults such as short circuits, creeping short circuits, interruptions and creeping interruptions.
  • hazard detection systems the communication of the various system devices takes place via both wired and wireless communication channels.
  • hazard detectors and other peripheral system devices are connected via lines to a control center and to each other. The communication signals are routed via these lines.
  • the power supply of the detectors and the other peripheral devices is also provided by the control center.
  • a communication and energy supply that takes place exclusively via these lines, there is the danger that the entire communication and the operation of the detectors and other peripheral devices will collapse in the event of a line fault such as an interruption and especially in the event of a short circuit.
  • the power supply and the communication take place via both sides of the loop, whereby the function and communication capability of all detectors and peripheral devices is maintained.
  • short-circuit disconnectors are known with which a short circuit can be isolated.
  • the power supply and communication can take place via both sides of the loop.
  • Short-circuit disconnectors can be arranged at regular intervals between the detectors or integrated into each detector.
  • the control panel must know the location of the short circuit on the line to isolate the short circuit.
  • the supply voltage initially drops sharply, so that the detectors are no longer sufficient with Energy is supplied and then the KurzInstituttrenner be opened in the loop.
  • a detector loop damaged by a short-circuit must then be restarted by the control panel. This means that the open short-circuit disconnectors must be closed again in order.
  • the control center first supplies the first detector or the first detector group with energy.
  • the short-circuit switch in the detector or at the end of the group is closed in response to a command from the central unit. Now the next detector or detector group is supplied with voltage and the next short-circuit switch is closed. This takes place until the short circuit is reached.
  • the detector loop When the short-circuit is reached, the detector loop is de-energized again and the start-up procedure must start again.
  • the control center now knows the detector or short-circuit disconnector behind which the short-circuit is located and, at the next startup, does not cause the short-circuit disconnector to close before the short-circuit.
  • the first start of such a loop after the occurrence of a short shot is only for the purpose of experiencing the location of the short circuit and costs time. This time required for exploration could be avoided with automatic short-circuit disconnectors, which automatically re-open a connection switch or do not close it as soon as they automatically determine that there is a short circuit on the line section behind them.
  • Such a Kurzstrusstrenner is from the DE 695 14 445 T2 known. This recognizes too high a current in a line and disconnects it by opening a previously closed switch again.
  • One from the DE 36 24 604 A1 Known short-circuit disconnector compares the input and / or output-side terminal voltages of the short-circuit disconnector or a detector with predetermined or adjustable voltage thresholds and opens when these thresholds below a possibly previously closed switch.
  • a short-circuit disconnector is described in a detector, which opens a turn-on transistor again when a line voltage falls below a certain value for a predetermined test time.
  • EP 1197936 discloses a hazard detection system with an inspection arrangement for detecting and locating faults such as short circuits or reverse polarity of conductors.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a hazard detector, a hazard alarm system and a method for detecting line faults such as short circuits and interruptions, which bring about an improvement with respect to the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art.
  • the inventive method is used in a cable-bound hazard detection system, in the hazard alarms and other peripherals such.
  • alarm sirens interface modules or actuators, which are connected via lines to a central office and each other, and in which line sections can be separated by short-circuit disconnector of the rest of the line.
  • Short-circuit disconnectors can either be provided as separate devices, or integrated into the hazard detectors and other peripherals.
  • detector is used below, which stands for both hazard alarms and other peripheral devices with an integrated short-circuit disconnector as well as for separate short-circuit disconnectors.
  • a hazard alarm center connects in a first step a voltage source having a certain supply voltage with connecting lines.
  • a supply voltage is applied to the, next to the central detector, via the connecting lines.
  • existing energy stores are loaded in the detector and the detector is initialized.
  • a first terminal voltage is measured in this detector. Terminal voltage is the voltage between two wires of the connecting cables. The measurement of the first terminal voltage takes place during the time in which the detector loads the voltage source only with its low quiescent current. After the value of the first terminal voltage has been stored, the voltage source is charged with a defined current, the z. B.
  • a second terminal voltage is simultaneously measured. From the known current difference, the difference between the first and second Terminal voltage and the assumed maximum known starting current of one or more other detectors, a comparison voltage is determined. Subsequently, a connection switch is closed, whereby the voltage applied to the first detector is switched through to the next section of the connection lines, and thus a supply voltage is applied to a second / further detector. Immediately after closing the switch, a third terminal voltage is measured in the first detector. Subsequently, in the first detector the third terminal voltage is compared with the previously determined comparison voltage.
  • the third terminal voltage drops below the reference voltage, it is assumed that there is a short circuit or creeping short circuit and the previously closed switch is opened again. However, if the third terminal voltage is greater than or equal to the comparison voltage, then the switch remains closed and the steps described above are repeated with the newly energized detector.
  • the control panel can detect the absence of a response that an error has occurred. In this case, a short circuit is detected when the previously started detector opens its connection switch again due to a too low third terminal voltage. This may be requested by the head office from this detector. Otherwise there will be an interruption or a faulty detector. If, in the latter case, a detector which could not be addressed from a first side of a detector loop responds to questions from the control center from a second side of the detector loop, there is an interruption in the line, otherwise a faulty detector.
  • the detectors send messages by means of a current modulation via the connecting lines. It can be z. B. a zero can be represented by the quiescent current of the detector, while a one by the significantly higher modulation current, the z. B. is 20 mA higher than the quiescent current, is shown.
  • the higher modulation current is used as the load current for measuring the second terminal voltage. Therefore, according to the invention at least the measurement of the second terminal voltage during the transmission of a communication telegram by the detector takes place. The measurement of the first terminal voltage can also be done while sending a telegram.
  • the first and / or the second terminal voltage are preferably measured at a point in the telegram in which several equivalent bits follow each other, which are represented by the high current.
  • the measurement of the first and / or second terminal voltage takes place within a transmitted telegram after a change from zero to one or from one zero.
  • a short-circuit disconnector for carrying out the method described above.
  • a short-circuit disconnector according to the invention comprises: a switch for connecting or disconnecting connecting lines, a device for generating a defined electrical current, a measuring device for measuring a first, second and third terminal voltage, a memory for storing a measured value of the first and / or second terminal voltage A memory for storing the value of a maximum inrush current of one or more devices connected to a connection line, a computing unit for determining a comparison voltage and a comparison unit for comparing the third terminal voltage with the comparison voltage.
  • the invention further relates to a detector for carrying out the method described above.
  • a detector comprises a switch for connecting or disconnecting connecting lines, with which a supply voltage can be switched through to a second / further detector.
  • a detector according to the invention further comprises a device for generating an electric current of defined height, a measuring device for measuring a first, second and third terminal voltage, a memory for storing a measured value of the first and / or second terminal voltage, a memory for storing the value of a maximum inrush current one or more detectors, a computing unit for determining a comparison voltage and a comparison unit for comparing the third terminal voltage with the comparison voltage.
  • the invention also relates to a hazard alarm system for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • a hazard detection system has at least one voltage source which supplies voltage to danger detector and / or other peripheral devices via connecting lines.
  • the hazard alarm system comprises at least one short-circuit disconnector, comprising: a switch for connecting or disconnecting connection lines, means for generating a defined electric current, measuring means for measuring a first one , second and third terminal voltage, a memory for storing a measured value of the first and / or second terminal voltage, a memory for storing the value of a maximum inrush current of one or more devices connected to a connecting line, a calculating unit for determining a comparison voltage, and a comparing unit for comparing the third terminal voltage with the reference voltage.
  • a short-circuit disconnector can also be integrated in a detector.
  • the invention relates to a hazard detector with an integrated short-circuit disconnector as previously described.
  • FIG. 1 shows a hazard alarm system (1) according to the invention which z. B. may be a fire alarm system.
  • the alarm system (1) consists of a central station (2) with a first terminal (5) and a second terminal (6) and a detector line (9), starting from the first terminal (5) several danger detectors (8) via a, in This example two-wire running, connecting line (7) connects to the center.
  • the hazard detectors (8) connects the connecting line (7) and other peripheral devices such as sirens or interface modules with which z. B. devices that do not support the protocol of the detector line can be operated on the detector line, with the center.
  • hazard detectors (8) and other peripheral devices are collectively called detectors (8).
  • FIG. 1 are shown in the detectors (8)
  • Short-circuit disconnector (11) integrated.
  • the short-circuit disconnectors (11) can also monitor the connecting lines (7) as separate devices between the detectors (8).
  • FIG. 2 some details of a short circuit breaker (1) are shown while in FIG. 4 a timing diagram is shown, with which the sequence of the method according to the invention is illustrated.
  • a short-circuit disconnector (11) according to the invention is connected via terminals (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b) to the cores (3, 4) of the connecting line (7).
  • a controllable switch (12) Between the terminals 3a and 3b of the wire 3 is a controllable switch (12), with which a connection between the terminals 3a and 3b can be made and separated again.
  • each a voltmeter (14) for measuring a voltage between the terminals 3a and 4a or 3b and 4b and a respective current sink (15) for generating a load current (I 2 ) in the supply line ( 7).
  • a voltmeter (14) for measuring a voltage between the terminals 3a and 4a or 3b and 4b and a respective current sink (15) for generating a load current (I 2 ) in the supply line ( 7).
  • Short-circuit disconnector (11) are installed and all switches (12) in the short-circuit disconnectors (11) are open. If not all switches (12) should be open, it would be possible to allow them to close with a special command at a later time from the center (2).
  • the control center (2) applies a supply voltage to the connection line (7) via the first terminal (5). Thus, this voltage is applied to the terminals 3a and 4a of the first detector (8), and it flows for a short time z. B. for 5 ms, a maximum inrush of z. B 60 mA.
  • the short-circuit disconnector (11) measures a first terminal voltage (U 1 ) between the terminals at a time t 1 with the voltmeter (14) 3a and 4a is applied to the detector (8) and stores the measured value in a memory (13) for later use.
  • the first terminal voltage (U 1 ) differs from the voltage; which is applied from the control center to the connecting line (7), only by the small amount that is on the connecting line (7) falls.
  • the short-circuit disconnector (11) loads the voltage source in the first terminal (5) of the control center (2) by means of a current sink (15) with a load current (I 2 ).
  • the load current (I 2 ) generates a higher voltage drop across the connection line (7) than the quiescent current (I 1 ).
  • the second terminal voltage (U 2 ) is measured at the terminals ( 3 a, 4 a ), which is likewise stored in the memory (13) for later use.
  • the comparison value U min is reduced by an additional amount of security.
  • the short-circuit disconnector (11) After determination of the comparison value U min , the short-circuit disconnector (11) closes its switch (12) at time t s and thereafter measures a third terminal voltage (U 3 ) at time t 3 .
  • a second / further detector (8) is connected to the center, whereupon the second / further detector (8) loads the voltage source in the first terminal (5) with its inrush current.
  • the current I 3 flows at time t 3 and generates a new voltage drop via the connecting line (7) to the first detector (8).
  • the short-circuit disconnector (11) compares the third terminal voltage (U 3 ) with the comparison value (U min ).
  • the second / further detector (8) remains connected to the center and can communicate with this after a start time.
  • the newly connected second / further detector (8) then takes on the further start of the detector line (9) the function of the previous first detector.
  • the control panel (2) detects at this stage that the second / further detector is not responding to their requests, the control panel (2) concludes that there is a line or detector error and sets the startup procedure at the second terminal (6). continued.
  • the second / further detector finally reaches the center (2) via the second terminal (6) at a later time and can communicate with it, then there is an interruption in the connection line (7) between the first and the second / further detector ( 8) before, otherwise, it is assumed that the second / further detector (8) is defective.
  • the center continues the startup process on the second terminal (6).
  • the first detector (8) may notify the center, upon request, that there is a short circuit in the line section following it.
  • terminal voltages (U 1 , U 2 , U 3 ) By measuring terminal voltages (U 1 , U 2 , U 3 ), it is possible to dispense with a measuring resistor between the terminals 3 a and 3 b or 4 a and 4 b, which is necessary for current measurement, and which measures the resistance of the connecting line (7) between the control center and other detectors (8). Thus, longer detector lines (9) with additional participants (8) are possible, as in a short-circuit detection by means of a current measurement.
  • the search for line faults is carried out at the start of the detector line (9) in the same manner as described for the starting from the first terminal (5).
  • FIG. 3 another embodiment of a short-circuit disconnector (11) is described. Unlike the in FIG. 2 shown short-circuit disconnector (11), the short-circuit disconnector (11) shown here, two connection switches (12), which are attached directly to the terminals 3a and 3b and are bridged by a respective diode (16). For this, this embodiment has only ever a voltmeter (14) and a current sink (15). When using this embodiment of the short-circuit disconnector (11), the voltage drop across the diodes must be taken into account when determining the comparison value. The diodes are used to supply voltage to the first or after the second or further detector (8), while the switches (12) in the respective detector (8) are still closed.
  • the communication transmitter (15) of a detector (8) or a separate short-circuit disconnector (11) serves as a current sink (15) for generating the load current (I 2 ).
  • the measurement of the first and second terminal voltage (U 1 , U 2 ) takes place at a time during which the detector (8) or a separate short-circuit disconnector (11) sends a telegram to the control center.
  • the telegram starts at time t M , where, as shown, the bit sequence 101010 is transmitted.
  • the measurement of the first and the second terminal voltage (U 1 , U 2 ) is preferably carried out at the end of a bit sequence, each having the same values. For example, the first terminal voltage (U 1 ) at the end of a sequence of three times 0 and the second terminal voltage (U 2 ) at the end of a bit sequence with three times 1 measured.
  • the first terminal voltage (U 1 ) is measured after a change from 1 to 0 and the second terminal voltage (U 2 ) after a change from 0 to 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de détection des erreurs de ligne dans une installation d'avertissement de danger (1), notamment une ligne d'avertisseurs qui relie plusieurs avertisseurs (8, 11) par le biais d'une ligne de liaison (7), les avertisseurs (8, 11) comprenant notamment un commutateur (12) destiné à connecter ou à déconnecter les lignes de liaison (7), avec lequel une tension d'alimentation peut être communiquée à un avertisseur supplémentaire, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a. application d'une tension d'alimentation provenant d'une source de tension à un premier avertisseur (8, 11) dont le commutateur (12) est ouvert,
    b. mesure d'une première tension de bornes (U1) dans le premier avertisseur (8, 11) pendant une durée dans laquelle l'avertisseur charge la source d'alimentation avec son courant de repos (I1),
    c. mise en charge de la source de tension avec un courant (I2) défini accru par l'avertisseur (8, 11) et mesure simultanée d'une deuxième tension de bornes (U2) dans le premier avertisseur (8, 11),
    d. détermination d'une tension de comparaison (Umin) à partir des première et deuxième tensions de bornes (U1, U2), de la différence de courant (I2 - I1) et d'un courant de mise sous tension maximal (Imax) supposé connue,
    e) fermeture du commutateur (12) dans le premier avertisseur (8, 11), ce par quoi la tension appliquée au premier avertisseur (8, 11) est communiquée à la portion suivante des lignes de liaison (7) et la tension d'alimentation est ainsi notamment appliquée à un deuxième/autre avertisseur,
    f. mesure d'une troisième tension de bornes (U3) dans le premier avertisseur (8, 11) après la fermeture du commutateur (12) dans le premier avertisseur (8, 11),
    g. comparaison de la troisième tension de bornes (U3) avec la tension de comparaison (Umin) déterminée à l'étape d,
    h. ouverture du commutateur (12) fermé précédemment (à l'étape e) lorsque la troisième tension de bornes (U3) devient inférieure à la tension de comparaison, ou répétition des étapes b à h avec chaque avertisseur (8, 11) supplémentaire présent, le deuxième/autre avertisseur prenant alors en charge la fonction de l'avertisseur (8, 11) qui était précédemment le premier.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les avertisseurs (8, 11) envoient des messages au moyen d'une modulation du courant par le biais des lignes de liaison (7) et le courant de modulation accru de l'avertisseur (8, 11) est utilisé comme courant de charge (I2) pour mesurer la deuxième tension de bornes (U2) à l'étape 1.c.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la première et/ou la deuxième tension de bornes (U1, U2) est respectivement mesurée à un endroit à l'intérieur d'un message envoyé qui présente une séquence de deux bits identiques ou plus.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la première et/ou la deuxième tension de bornes (U1, U2) est mesurée à un endroit à l'intérieur d'un message qui présente une séquence de deux bits dont les valeurs changent.
  5. Sectionneur à court-circuit (11) destiné à mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant un commutateur (12) destiné à connecter ou à déconnecter des lignes de liaison (7), un dispositif destiné à générer un courant électrique défini (15), un dispositif de mesure (14) destiné à mesurer une première, une deuxième et une troisième tension de bornes (U1, U2, U3), une mémoire (13) destinée à enregistrer une valeur mesurée de la première et/ou de la deuxième tension de bornes (U1, U2), une mémoire (13) destinée à enregistrer la valeur d'un courant de mise sous tension maximal d'un ou plusieurs appareils périphériques (8, 11) raccordés à une ligne de liaison (7), une unité de calcul (10) destinée à déterminer une tension de comparaison (Umin), une unité de comparaison destinée à comparer la troisième tension de bornes (U3) avec la tension de comparaison.
  6. Avertisseur de danger (8), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un sectionneur à court-circuit (11) selon la revendication 5, lequel est intégré dans l'avertisseur de danger (8).
  7. Installation d'avertissement de danger (1) destinée à mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant au moins une source de tension qui alimente les avertisseurs de danger (8) et/ou d'autres appareils périphériques (8, 11) en tension par le biais de lignes de liaison (7), l'installation d'avertissement de danger comprenant au moins un sectionneur à court-circuit selon la revendication 5 et/ou au moins un avertisseur (8, 11) selon la revendication 6.
EP11008014.0A 2010-10-04 2011-10-04 Alarme, installation d'alarme et procédé de reconnaissance d'erreurs de lignes de transmission Active EP2437228B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010047227 DE102010047227B3 (de) 2010-10-04 2010-10-04 Gefahrenmelder, Gefahrenmeldeanlage und Verfahren zum Erkennen von Leitungsfehlern

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EP2437228A2 EP2437228A2 (fr) 2012-04-04
EP2437228A3 EP2437228A3 (fr) 2012-05-16
EP2437228B1 true EP2437228B1 (fr) 2016-08-10

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11328580B2 (en) 2018-05-29 2022-05-10 Autronica Fire & Security As Testing of a network of hazard warning devices
US11367339B2 (en) 2018-06-21 2022-06-21 Autronica Fire & Security As System and method for startup of a detector loop

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9880214B2 (en) * 2013-08-21 2018-01-30 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method for detection and adaption to an end-of-line resistor and for ground fault localization
EP3825973B1 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2024-10-09 Honeywell International Inc. Contrôleur de système d'alarme incendie, système d'alarme incendie, dispositif de séparation et procédé d'initialisation d'un système d'alarme incendie

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1197936A2 (fr) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-17 Job Lizenz GmbH & Co. KG Système d'alarme

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JPH0632517B2 (ja) * 1985-07-19 1994-04-27 ホーチキ株式会社 異常監視装置
EP0347808B1 (fr) 1988-06-21 1992-08-26 Max Dipl.-Ing. Aicher Procédé pour le traitement de boue d'épuration
EP0347806B1 (fr) * 1988-06-23 1993-02-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour signaler les risques
JP3382370B2 (ja) * 1994-08-18 2003-03-04 能美防災株式会社 火災報知設備の伝送線路監視装置
EP2051220A1 (fr) * 2007-10-17 2009-04-22 Siemens Building Technologies Fire & Security Products GmbH & Co. oHG Dispositif de séparation pour accumulateurs d'énergie pour ligne électrique conductrice d'énergie

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1197936A2 (fr) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-17 Job Lizenz GmbH & Co. KG Système d'alarme

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11328580B2 (en) 2018-05-29 2022-05-10 Autronica Fire & Security As Testing of a network of hazard warning devices
US11367339B2 (en) 2018-06-21 2022-06-21 Autronica Fire & Security As System and method for startup of a detector loop

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DE102010047227B3 (de) 2012-03-01
EP2437228A3 (fr) 2012-05-16

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