EP2431545A2 - Verfahrens zur Herstellung mindestens einer senkrechten, aus Erde bestehenden Mauer - Google Patents

Verfahrens zur Herstellung mindestens einer senkrechten, aus Erde bestehenden Mauer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2431545A2
EP2431545A2 EP11181183A EP11181183A EP2431545A2 EP 2431545 A2 EP2431545 A2 EP 2431545A2 EP 11181183 A EP11181183 A EP 11181183A EP 11181183 A EP11181183 A EP 11181183A EP 2431545 A2 EP2431545 A2 EP 2431545A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
proportion
mixture
manufacturing
during
formwork
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11181183A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2431545A3 (de
Inventor
Alain Lefebvre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cematerre
Original Assignee
Cematerre
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cematerre filed Critical Cematerre
Publication of EP2431545A2 publication Critical patent/EP2431545A2/de
Publication of EP2431545A3 publication Critical patent/EP2431545A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/08—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
    • E04G11/10—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring of elements without beams which are mounted during erection of the shuttering to brace or couple the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/002—Workplatforms, railings; Arrangements for pouring concrete, attached to the form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/14—Bracing or strutting arrangements for formwalls; Devices for aligning forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/06—Solidifying concrete, e.g. by application of vacuum before hardening
    • E04G21/08—Internal vibrators, e.g. needle vibrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improvement to a method of manufacturing at least one vertical wall made of earth.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a method of manufacturing at least one vertical wall based on earth, comprising at least a first step of preparing a substantially vertical formwork element determining the thickness of the wall to be made, a second step for preparing an earth material in the course of which a mixture is prepared comprising at least silt earth, quicklime, and cement, and successively at least a third step of filling a cavity of the element formwork with the material, at least a fourth step of placing the material, a fifth step of drying the material and a sixth step of disassembly of the formwork.
  • One of these types of construction known as traditional "rammed earth” is to use compacted raw earth in a formwork or bunch.
  • the earth is thrown into the formwork in small layers of 0.10 m to 1 m, then compacted manually in the formwork with a pestle.
  • This type of construction makes it possible to obtain an earth-based wall that is sufficiently porous to allow ideal breathing of the premises it delimits, but its use is limited to reduced heights because of the low compressive strength of the material. used. It is therefore not possible with this method to raise high walls.
  • the "rammed earth” is due to its porosity which is very sensitive to erosion and therefore offers only limited duration.
  • the mixture comprises at least silt earth, quicklime, and cement, to obtain said material.
  • silt soil is used in an undetermined proportion, quicklime in a proportion of 2% to 3%, and cement in a proportion of 3% to 15%.
  • the figures show the implementation of a method of manufacturing a vertical earth-based wall according to the invention.
  • such a method comprises at least a first step of preparing a substantially vertical formwork element determining the thickness of the wall to be made, a second step of preparing an earthy material, and successively at least a third step filling the shuttering element with the material, at least a fourth step of placing the material, a fifth step of drying the material and a sixth step of disassembling the formwork.
  • a method of this type is commonly used in the manufacture of concrete walls.
  • the concrete can be difficult to work, which makes it unsuitable for example to build a particular house in which must be arranged a large number of openings.
  • rammed earth that is to say in clay simply compacted, is easier to implement, but rammed earth is not likely to allow the construction of walls of high height, or likely to support significant expenses.
  • rammed earth offers only a poor resistance to humidity.
  • the material thus obtained has the advantages of traditional rammed earth, since the silt soil base which is used allows a good breathing of the material once said material has solidified. As a result, the material also has high thermal and sound insulation characteristics. It is also particularly effective in its ability to play a firewall role.
  • the material thus obtained is however much more resistant than ordinary rammed earth, because the presence of quicklime makes it possible to absorb the moisture of the material and because the cement makes it possible to reinforce the cohesion of the material.
  • vibrating material tamping means of the material allows to use these components in ranges not yet known, which allow to give the material resistance characteristics. exceptional and unexpected.
  • the mixture forming the subject of the present invention comprises clay soil, sandy, or a mixture of these two types of earth in a proportion of 70 to 98%.
  • the mixture also comprises quicklime in a proportion of 1% to 10% of quicklime and cement in a proportion of 1 to 15% of cement.
  • a mixture is prepared comprising not only at least silt earth, quicklime, and cement, but also fibers in a proportion of 0.1 to 15 kg per cubic meter of mixture.
  • the fibers can be of different types.
  • the fibers comprise synthetic fibers, in particular polypropylene fibers.
  • the fibers comprise natural fibers, in particular flax or cotton.
  • This composition makes it possible to obtain a material offering a compressive strength of approximately 20 to 30 MPa, which makes it possible, unlike traditional rammed earth, to produce walls several meters high in a single application of the process.
  • the invention makes it possible to prepare a material according to ranges of use of components that are not known from the state of the art, with equal or greater resistance.
  • this material is that it can be prepared on the site where the wall is to be built.
  • the mixing is carried out using a kneader, in particular a mobile kneader with horizontal or vertical axes carried in known manner by a tractor-type construction machine (not shown). ).
  • Another particularly advantageous characteristic of the process which is the subject of the invention is that, whatever its mode of execution, during the second stage of preparation of the material, the mixture is prepared according to a moisture content of 5 to 50%. .
  • This configuration allows the ambient air, as the material dries and the water it contains evaporates, to replace the water of the mixture. In this way, the air contained in the material imparts to said material, once dry, a high thermal insulation capacity.
  • an air entrainer may be added to the mixture, making it possible to increase the quantity of air in the mixture in the form of fine stable and regular size air bubbles. evenly distributed in the mixture.
  • plasticizer consisting of an acrylic polymer in liquid form.
  • the manufacturing method preferably comprises at least a succession of series of steps, each of which comprises at least the first, third and fourth stages, to enable the wall to be mounted by successive filling and placing of the material in formwork elements stackable on top of each other.
  • the formwork 10 comprises according to the invention a stack of shuttering elements each comprising at least one inner vertical wall element 12, maintained by at least one strut structure 14, and an outer vertical wall element 18, at least the outer vertical formwork elements 18 being added successively to one another as the wall rises, that is to say during the third successive steps.
  • the inner vertical wall elements 12 thus form an inner wall 15 and the outer vertical formwork elements 18 thus form an inner wall 16.
  • the walls 15 and 16 thus delimit between them a cavity 20.
  • the formwork 10 is thus made during a first step during which the wall 15 is put in place in its entirety and a vertical formwork element 18. Then the mixture is prepared during the second stage.
  • the material 22 is then introduced into the cavity 20.
  • the introduction of the material 22 is carried out at least with the aid of a vibrating device, in particular a device for vibrating the formwork element and one or more vibrating needles 24 immersed in the mixture, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • a vibrating device in particular a device for vibrating the formwork element and one or more vibrating needles 24 immersed in the mixture, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the establishment of the material 22 could be achieved using a pestle.
  • This pestle could be manual or pneumatic.
  • Each element 18 can be fixed to the previous one by means of fasteners 30.
  • the material cavity 22 is filled again with a new third step, and then this material 22 is put back into place using the vibrating needle.
  • the operation is then repeated until the desired wall height is obtained.
  • the wall is released formwork 10.
  • the manufacturing method preferably comprises at least a succession of series of steps, each of which comprises at least the first, third and fourth stages, to enable the wall to be mounted by successive filling and placing of the material in formwork elements fixed.
  • the formwork 10 comprises according to the invention an inner vertical wall member 12, maintained by at least one forestay structure 14, and an outer vertical wall element 18, both monobloc.
  • the inner vertical wall element 12 thus has an inner wall 15 and the outer vertical shuttering element 18 thus has an inner wall 16.
  • the walls 15 and 16 thus delimit between them a cavity 20.
  • the formwork 10 is thus made during a first step, represented in FIG. figure 5 , during which we set up as previously explained the elements 12 and 18.
  • the material 22 is then introduced into the cavity 20 during a third initial step of the process of the invention (not shown)
  • the introduction of the material 22 is carried out at least with the aid of a vibrating device, in particular a device for vibrating the formwork element and one or more vibrating needles 24 immersed in the mixture, as shown in FIG.
  • the establishment of the material 22 could be achieved using a pestle.
  • This pestle could be manual or pneumatic.
  • the cavity 20 of material 22 is filled again according to a new third step (not shown), and then it is put in place again. this material 22 with the aid of the needle 24, as shown in FIG. figure 6 .
  • At the end of the sixth dismantling step of the formwork which has been shown to figures 4 and 8 at least one free surface of the material which has been deconstructed is sprayed with a curing product which makes it possible to oppose the evaporation of the water contained in the material.
  • the method could comprise an additional step, interposed between the first and third steps, during which the formwork element 10, that is to say in the cavity 20, is introduced into at least one element load reinforcement of the wall (not shown).
  • This load reinforcing element could consist of a welded mesh reinforcement similar to those used in pouring reinforced concrete.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to erect high earth-based walls, for example walls three meters high and more, intended for individual dwellings, in a single "spoiled", that is to say in one application of the process.
  • the walls thus obtained have high qualities of resistance while allowing a certain ventilation of the dwellings, by their breathable and insulating qualities.
  • the method that is the subject of the invention makes it possible to raise such walls extremely quickly, the material being able to be manufactured on the site of the construction site, which makes it possible to considerably lower the manufacturing costs of a dwelling. individual or a work of another type.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
EP11181183A 2010-09-17 2011-09-14 Verfahrens zur Herstellung mindestens einer senkrechten, aus Erde bestehenden Mauer Withdrawn EP2431545A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1057432A FR2964991B1 (fr) 2010-09-17 2010-09-17 Perfectionnement a un procede de fabrication d'au moins un mur vertical a base de terre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2431545A2 true EP2431545A2 (de) 2012-03-21
EP2431545A3 EP2431545A3 (de) 2012-10-10

Family

ID=44064793

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11181183A Withdrawn EP2431545A3 (de) 2010-09-17 2011-09-14 Verfahrens zur Herstellung mindestens einer senkrechten, aus Erde bestehenden Mauer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2431545A3 (de)
FR (1) FR2964991B1 (de)
MA (1) MA34561B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3016376A1 (fr) * 2014-01-16 2015-07-17 Cematerre Nouveau perfectionnement a un procede de fabrication d'au moins un mur vertical a base de terre
ES2628281A1 (es) * 2015-12-22 2017-08-02 Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya Tapia de tierra reforzada y método de fabricación de la misma
WO2023124059A1 (zh) * 2021-12-28 2023-07-06 上海建为历保科技股份有限公司 用于古民居墙体的防潮结构及其方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2935008A1 (fr) 2008-08-12 2010-02-19 Le Clos Les Perdrix Procede de fabrication d'au moins un mur vertical a base de terre

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2660979C (en) * 2006-08-18 2013-10-22 Sirewall Inc. Formwork and method for constructing rammed earth walls

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2935008A1 (fr) 2008-08-12 2010-02-19 Le Clos Les Perdrix Procede de fabrication d'au moins un mur vertical a base de terre

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3016376A1 (fr) * 2014-01-16 2015-07-17 Cematerre Nouveau perfectionnement a un procede de fabrication d'au moins un mur vertical a base de terre
EP2896604A1 (de) 2014-01-16 2015-07-22 Cematerre Neue Perfektionierung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung mindestens einer senkrecht stehenden Mauer aus Lehm
ES2628281A1 (es) * 2015-12-22 2017-08-02 Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya Tapia de tierra reforzada y método de fabricación de la misma
WO2023124059A1 (zh) * 2021-12-28 2023-07-06 上海建为历保科技股份有限公司 用于古民居墙体的防潮结构及其方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2964991A1 (fr) 2012-03-23
EP2431545A3 (de) 2012-10-10
FR2964991B1 (fr) 2012-10-12
MA34561B1 (fr) 2013-10-02

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