EP2428942A1 - Installation d'alerte aux dangers dotée de deux vitesses de transmission de données - Google Patents

Installation d'alerte aux dangers dotée de deux vitesses de transmission de données Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2428942A1
EP2428942A1 EP11170397A EP11170397A EP2428942A1 EP 2428942 A1 EP2428942 A1 EP 2428942A1 EP 11170397 A EP11170397 A EP 11170397A EP 11170397 A EP11170397 A EP 11170397A EP 2428942 A1 EP2428942 A1 EP 2428942A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fieldbus
signaling system
subscriber
line
alarm signaling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11170397A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2428942B1 (fr
Inventor
Robin Janßen
Bernd Luebben
Heiner Politze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novar GmbH
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Novar GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/06—Monitoring of the line circuits, e.g. signalling of line faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/04—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop
    • G08B25/045—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop with sensing devices and central station in a closed loop, e.g. McCullough loop

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hazard detection system with a center to which the beginning and the end of a two-wire fieldbus for power supply to and for bidirectional communication with participants is connected, which are spatially spaced and electrically parallel between the wires of the fieldbus.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating such a hazard alarm system after the occurrence of a fault in the course of the field bus or in one of the connected participants.
  • the control center can also be a sub-center or a coupler.
  • the fieldbus which can have a length of considerably more than 1 km, is returned in a ring shape to the control center.
  • the subscribers connected to the fieldbus can be sensors, eg fire or intrusion detectors as well as actuators, eg warning lights.
  • Both states can occur abruptly or insidiously and are referred to below as errors for short.
  • Methods are known which locate and isolate the fault location in such an error case.
  • the fieldbus is performed in each participant via two switchable, in series line disconnector, which opens the center in case of an error in the field bus or a subscriber first and then, starting from both the beginning and the end of the field bus, one after the other to the each last participant on both sides of the fault closes again. If the fault is a short circuit, however, at least the line disconnectors located on the side of the fault location of the respectively last station remain open. Subsequently, the fieldbus is no longer operated in the ring but in the form of two stubs from the physical beginning and from the physical end to the fault location and the danger monitoring continues.
  • the center communicates with these subscribers at a second data rate higher than a first data rate for the optionally prioritized communication between the center and e.g. to the detectors.
  • the data may be sent from the central office to the subscribers e.g. be transmitted by AMI or NRZ voltage modulation and in the reverse direction by corresponding current modulation.
  • the following is the first data transfer rate as low speed mode (LS operation) and the corresponding Subscriber as LS subscriber, the second, higher data transfer rate than High Speed Mode (HS mode) and the corresponding subscribers as HS subscribers.
  • LS operation low speed mode
  • HS mode High Speed Mode
  • the control unit switches off the terminator in order to be able to operate the field bus also from its end. Without a terminator, reliable communication with the subscribers via the spurs is no longer guaranteed, at least in HS operation, because the reflections of the signals can affect the signals and data packets received and transmitted by the subscribers to such an extent that correct decoding is no longer possible ,
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a hazard alarm system, in which a secure communication between the center and at least some of the remaining functional participants is guaranteed even in case of failure.
  • This object is inventively achieved in that at least some of the participants between the two wires of the fieldbus have at least one switchable RC-terminator, which is turned off in normal operation and can be switched on in the event of a fault.
  • the fieldbus is only charged with AC voltage, i. in the terminator, a current flow occurs only during the signal edges
  • the terminator of the last subscriber equipped with it is switched on at the end of the two stubs resulting from the isolation of the fault location. Since the respective last physical subscriber can be both an HS and an LS subscriber, all subscribers with such a terminator are preferably those fitted. As a result, if appropriate, the communication in LS mode can also be improved.
  • the terminator is switched on and off by means of a semiconductor switch.
  • the switching on and off is also possible by means of a switching contact of a miniature relay integrated in the respective subscriber.
  • this variant is usually costly and unfavorable in terms of space requirements.
  • the semiconductor switch may be a bipolar transistor having a diode in antiparallel to its emitter / collector path.
  • the diode is necessary so that the capacitor of the RC element can not only charge in time with the communication pulses but can also discharge again.
  • a FET can be used as the semiconductor switch. Whose parasitic or substrate diode takes over the function of the separate diode in the case of a bipolar transistor.
  • a double FET two in-line FETs may be used.
  • the microprocessor in the event of a fault can switch off the shut-off element connected in HS operation in each case during LS operation in order to save the energy or feed power of the power supply from the control center required for the transfer of the capacitor of the terminator.
  • each of the subscribers may comprise an error detection circuit which switches the terminator of the subscriber - possibly only in HS mode - as soon as it has determined that this subscriber is the last subscriber at the end of the relevant branch line of the fieldbus.
  • the termination member may be between the common connection point of the two line disconnectors and the other field bus wire.
  • the two line disconnectors must be independently switchable so that after the opening of both line disconnectors triggered by a fault in the form of a short circuit, only the line disconnector facing away from the fault location, that is, closer to the control center, closes again.
  • the opening and closing of the respective Kausstrenner can be done both from the control center via a command and by the participants themselves.
  • each of the subscribers can have a terminating element upstream of the two line isolators and a terminating element connected downstream of the line isolators between the fieldbus wires.
  • Each of these two closure members per participant may be configured as indicated above for a single conclusion member.
  • the two line disconnectors can be switched together and consequently with the same command. In the event of a short circuit, they remain open so that the short circuit remains disconnected. In the event of an interruption, they also remain open, so that the terminator lying on the error side is not parallel to the central-side terminator.
  • the two final members could in case of error either by command from the headquarters or by a in the user-generated command can be turned on individually, so that in case of an error by interruption and common closing of the line separator for the construction of the stubs only the central-side termination member is effective.
  • the RC element of the end member comprises a parallel resistor for discharging the capacitor. This prevents that in case of an interruption of one of the wires of the two-wire line and the subsequent connection of the end member whose capacitor discharges, if it is charged via the bus line in the direction of the center and thereby falsifies the voltage level of the communication pulses.
  • the parallel resistor provides for a defined operating point of the semiconductor switch for switching on and off of the end member.
  • FIG. 1a schematically shows a center 10, to which a two-wire fieldbus line with participants 1 to 8 is connected. Participants 1 through 8 can use sensors such as
  • Fire detectors or video cameras and actuators such as warning lights or speakers Such a fieldbus may e.g. comprise over 100 such subscribers and have a length of, for example, 2 km.
  • the center 10 supplies the participants with their operating voltage and communicates with them via the two wires of the fieldbus.
  • the field bus is connected with its beginning to the terminals A + and A- of the center 10, looped through by all participants and ring with its end to further terminals B + and B- returned to the center 10.
  • Each participant has in one of the wires of the field bus two serial line isolators as well as among other things a modem and a microprocessor.
  • the central office communicates in a low speed mode (LS mode), with high data rate subscribers, e.g. a video camera or a loudspeaker in a high-speed mode (HS operation).
  • LS mode low speed mode
  • high data rate subscribers e.g. a video camera or a loudspeaker in a high-speed mode (HS operation).
  • HS operation high-speed mode
  • the terminator can consist of a terminating resistor that allows a simple fieldbus test for short circuit or open circuit.
  • the termination member may be an active end module, e.g. Also allows a test of the field bus to impermissibly high line resistance under load conditions.
  • the control panel 10 switches as the final member in Fig. 1a represented RC element R1, C on or from the terminating resistor to this RC element. This improves data quality and transmission security.
  • FIG. 1b differs from Fig. 1a by an assumed error in the form of an interruption between the subscriber 4 and the subscriber 5.
  • the central unit 10 shuts off all the subscribers upon occurrence of such an error, that is both in the event of an interruption and in the event of a short circuit then builds both via the terminal A +, A- as well as the terminal B +, B- the operating voltage supply and the communication with the participants or remaining participants on the two resulting from the error stubs again serially.
  • the LS operation with the LS subscribers is in principle also possible without a terminator.
  • at least the last HS subscribers must have a terminator before the end of each of the two stubs, which replaces the disconnected terminator in the center 10. Because the fault location is not known in advance, therefore, at least every HS subscriber must be equipped with a terminator, which in the normal operating condition accordingly
  • Fig. 1a is ineffective, but is turned on, if this participant is the "last" participant as in Fig. 1b the participant 4 and the participant 5 is.
  • a switchable termination member expediently.
  • the terminator of the last subscriber before the fault location switched on in the event of a fault in HS operation can be switched off during LS operation if this causes communication improved over the fieldbus in LS operation.
  • the switch provided in each subscriber for the terminator controls the central unit 10, which recognizes during the serial construction of each of the two stubs, which subscriber is the last subscriber before the fault location, alternatively the subscriber himself, if it comprises an error detection circuit which recognizes that this participant is the last participant in the stub line.
  • FIGS. 2 to 7 show the example of a participant variants of the wiring of the participants with final members.
  • the two line disconnectors LT1 and LT2 are the fieldbus line looped through the subscriber and the microprocessor MCU controlling the operating state of the subscriber and handling the communication with the control center also carries the LS or HS operation and if necessary detects the error case and error location shown.
  • the line disconnectors are normally two FETs, symbolically represented as (open) switching contacts, each with a parallel diode, which represents the parasitic or substrate diode of the FET in question.
  • FIG. 2 shows the basic circuit, namely the line separator LT1 and LT2, at their common connection point via a switch S a termination member in the form of a capacitor C is connected in series with a resistor R1 to the wires of the fieldbus.
  • the capacitor C may have a value of eg 100 nF to 330 nF and the resistor R1 a value 100 to 180 ohms.
  • the capacitor C is charged and discharged in the rhythm of the data pulses when the switch S is closed and consequently this subscriber is the last subscriber on a spur line.
  • R2 is high-impedance in relation to R1, because R2 loads the fieldbus with a DC-current when the switch S is closed.
  • the switch S is a semiconductor switch, eg correspondingly Fig. 3 a bipolar transistor T1 whose on or off state the microprocessor MCU controls.
  • the resistor R2 here also ensures that the transistor T1 has a defined operating point. Since the NPN transistor T1, when it is turned on, is conductive only in one direction, is located in opposite directions parallel to its emitter / collector path, a diode D1. As a result of the different forward voltages of the NPN transistor T1 and the diode D1, an asymmetry arises during charging and discharging of the capacitor C, which can discharge via the diode D1 only to about 0.6 to 0.7 V.
  • an N-channel MOSFET or a P-channel MOSFET can be used instead of the bipolar transistor T1.
  • the respective parasitic or substrate diode takes over the function of the diode D1.
  • the substrate diode may have a lower threshold voltage in the forward direction than the diode D1, but the threshold voltage of the substrate diode is, depending on the type of MOSFET, higher than the forward voltage of the source-drain path.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b Such an asymmetry avoids the execution of the semiconductor switch according to the FIGS. 3a and 3b ,
  • FIG. 3a are two P-channel MOSFETs T2, T3 connected in series, in Fig. 3b two N-channel MOSFETs T4, T5. If the respective two MOSFETs are permeable, they conduct the current in both directions.
  • This disadvantage avoids the subscriber circuit according to Fig. 4 , It comprises two closing elements, namely a terminating element AG1 connected upstream of the line isolator LT1 from the center and a terminating element AG2 connected downstream of the line isolator LT2.
  • the two final members AG1 and AG2 are each dimensioned the same as the only final member in the FIGS. 2 and 3 , Analogous Fig. 3 the termination elements AG1 and AG2 are respectively turned on or off via an NPN transistor T6 or T7 with antiparallel diode D2 or D3.
  • the microprocessor MCU controls via separate outputs the switching state of the transistors T6 and T7 via diodes D4, D5 as overvoltage protection and the usual wiring the respective base with a resistance voltage divider.
  • Line disconnectors LT1 and LT2 can be switched together and remain open in the event of a fault.
  • the voltage supply of the subscriber and the communication with the control center are also ensured with open line disconnectors via the respective substrate diodes of the FETs, in this case that of the line disconnector LT1.
  • the transistors T6 and T7 can be individually controlled by the microprocessor.
  • the subscribers are designed for a relatively high operating voltage, eg in the range of 40 V, then in the circuit according to Fig. 4 in the event of a short-circuit fault and open line disconnectors LT1, LT2, the breakdown voltage of the emitter-base path of the transistor on the side of the short circuit is exceeded.
  • the subscriber circuits are in the Figures 5 . 6 and 7 more suitable.
  • the termination members AG 1 and AG 2 serve as switches for the termination members AG 1 and AG 2 here PNP transistors T8 and T9.
  • the NPN transistors T10 and T11 are controlled via separate outputs of the microprocessor MCU.
  • the circuit in FIG. 6 is different from the one in FIG. 5 only in that the NPN transistors T10, T11 are controlled via a common output of the microprocessor MCU. Because thus the termination elements AG1 and AG2 are turned on together, the line disconnectors LT1 and LT2 must be opened in case of an error by interruption, so that only one termination element, here the termination element AG1, becomes effective. As in the previous circuits, the command to open the line disconnectors LT1, LT2 may be generated by the central office or by the subscriber himself (if his microprocessor MCU is set up for this). In the event of an error due to a short circuit, however, a parallel connection of the closing elements AG1 and AG2 can not occur because the line isolators LT1 and LT2 remain open in any case.
  • the circuit according to FIG. 6 can in the in FIG. 7 illustrated manner be simplified.
  • the PNP transistors T8 and T9 are controlled in this embodiment by the microprocessor MCU via a common NPN transistor T12.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP11170397.1A 2010-09-09 2011-06-17 Installation d'alerte aux dangers dotée de deux vitesses de transmission de données Active EP2428942B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010044892A DE102010044892A1 (de) 2010-09-09 2010-09-09 Gefahrenmeldeanlage mit zwei Datenübertragungsgeschwindigkeiten

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EP2428942A1 true EP2428942A1 (fr) 2012-03-14
EP2428942B1 EP2428942B1 (fr) 2019-01-16

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2833333A1 (fr) * 2013-07-31 2015-02-04 Honeywell Life Safety Austria GmbH Système de bus et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de bus
EP3038069A1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-29 Novar GmbH Circuit d'attaque, dispositif maître de bus, système de détection d'incendie et système d'alarme antivol utilisant ledit circuit d'attaque
CN108932809A (zh) * 2018-08-01 2018-12-04 合肥阅辞科技有限公司 家居智能安防系统

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017116385B3 (de) 2017-07-20 2018-10-31 Beckhoff Automation Gmbh Feldbussystem
EP3758179B1 (fr) 2019-06-26 2023-11-29 Honeywell International Inc. Dispositif de séparation pour un système de bus, unité de commande centrale pour le système de bus, système de bus et procédé de fonctionnement du système de bus

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5097259A (en) * 1990-06-18 1992-03-17 General Signal Corporation Line fault isolation system
EP0581248A1 (fr) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-02 Pittway Corporation Détection et isolateur de court-circuit
DE10310302A1 (de) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-30 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Datenbusanordnung, insbesondere eines Bremssystems eines Fahrzeugs und Initialisierungsverfahren für die Datenbusanordnung
DE102007047637A1 (de) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-23 R.Stahl Schaltgeräte GmbH Busabschlussbauteil

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3012438A1 (de) * 1979-04-06 1980-10-16 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Daten-uebertragungs-system
DE19733760C2 (de) * 1997-08-05 1999-06-10 Mak System Gmbh Datenbusleitung mit Sende- und Empfangskomponenten
EP2051220A1 (fr) * 2007-10-17 2009-04-22 Siemens Building Technologies Fire & Security Products GmbH & Co. oHG Dispositif de séparation pour accumulateurs d'énergie pour ligne électrique conductrice d'énergie

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5097259A (en) * 1990-06-18 1992-03-17 General Signal Corporation Line fault isolation system
EP0581248A1 (fr) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-02 Pittway Corporation Détection et isolateur de court-circuit
DE10310302A1 (de) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-30 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Datenbusanordnung, insbesondere eines Bremssystems eines Fahrzeugs und Initialisierungsverfahren für die Datenbusanordnung
DE102007047637A1 (de) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-23 R.Stahl Schaltgeräte GmbH Busabschlussbauteil

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2833333A1 (fr) * 2013-07-31 2015-02-04 Honeywell Life Safety Austria GmbH Système de bus et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de bus
EP3038069A1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-29 Novar GmbH Circuit d'attaque, dispositif maître de bus, système de détection d'incendie et système d'alarme antivol utilisant ledit circuit d'attaque
EP3038070A1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-29 Novar GmbH Circuit d'attaque, dispositif maître de bus, système de détection d'incendie et système d'alarme antivol utilisant ledit circuit d'attaque
CN108932809A (zh) * 2018-08-01 2018-12-04 合肥阅辞科技有限公司 家居智能安防系统

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Publication number Publication date
DE102010044892A1 (de) 2012-03-15
EP2428942B1 (fr) 2019-01-16

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