EP2426414B1 - Method and device for combusting solid fuels - Google Patents

Method and device for combusting solid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2426414B1
EP2426414B1 EP11169539.1A EP11169539A EP2426414B1 EP 2426414 B1 EP2426414 B1 EP 2426414B1 EP 11169539 A EP11169539 A EP 11169539A EP 2426414 B1 EP2426414 B1 EP 2426414B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
cyclone
chamber
nozzles
cyclone chamber
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EP11169539.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2426414A2 (en
EP2426414A3 (en
Inventor
Egon Ruß
Anton Maggale
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for combusting solid fuels having the features of independent claims 1 and 5.
  • Known solid fuel burning devices typically have a grate on which the fuel to be burned is burned.
  • EP 0 862 019A1 describes a method for burning solid fuels, wherein a primary combustion is carried out in a chamber with a grate and wherein a secondary combustion is carried out as cyclone combustion and solid, especially dust-like, combustion residues from the secondary combustion area are passed directly into the primary combustion area.
  • EP 862 019A1 discloses a device having a chamber in which a grate for carrying out a feed grate firing is provided, and a vertical axis cyclone chamber in which cyclone combustion is carried out, wherein the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion and the chamber with the grate firing through a connection opening with each other Connection are, wherein the cyclone chamber is connected via at least one line to the chamber with the Vorschubrostfeuerung.
  • the invention is based on the object to improve the separation of solid (dust-like) combustion residues.
  • An advantage of the method and apparatus of the invention is, apart from the fact that the primary combustion (feed grate) and the secondary combustion (cyclone combustion) are spatially separated, so that the primary combustion can be operated in a reducing atmosphere, whereby a significant reduction of environmentally harmful nitrogen oxides is possible in that the separation of solid combustion residues (dust) from the cyclone chamber is improved and more effectively possible.
  • solid combustion residues are withdrawn from the exterior of the secondary combustion. According to the invention, it is provided that the solid combustion residues are conducted into the region below the feed grate.
  • solid combustion residues are removed together with ash from the area below the feed grate.
  • the drying of the fuel and the subsequent primary combustion can be carried out in a controlled ember bed.
  • the burning on a feed grate has significant advantages over a pure fluidized bed combustion, which among other things lower air velocities at the grate is to call.
  • the invention results in the advantage that the raw dust content is already minimized in the primary region.
  • the cyclone combustion is arranged above the primary zone designed as a feed grate firing.
  • the specially shaped entry into the cyclone chamber and tangentially arranged air nozzles for the secondary air and the circulation caused thereby result in an advantageous rotation of the flue gases.
  • This rotational movement of the flue gases pushes (heavy) dust particles outwards where they burn and fall back down into the primary zone.
  • air is injected into the cyclone combustion in different directions.
  • this embodiment can be carried out in a device having a combustion chamber for burning solid fuels, in particular agricultural and forestry biomass, and special fuels, wherein a primary combustion is carried out in a chamber with a grate, and a secondary combustion is carried out as cyclone combustion, which is characterized in that in the cyclone chamber several nozzles / nozzles for the entry of air and that the nozzle blocks / nozzles are aligned tangentially or at least approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber.
  • the invention allows the tangential or substantially tangential air streams (from the nozzles) to control the tangential velocity during cyclone combustion to achieve optimum combustion. All this can lead to the advantageous reduction of the raw dust content in the exhaust gases (flue gas).
  • the chamber for the cyclone combustion is arranged vertically above the primary zone designed as a feed grate firing.
  • the primary combustion is carried out as Vorschubrostfeuerung and the combustion residues are passed into the area below the feed grate.
  • the inventive method can be characterized in that combustion residues are removed together with ash from the area below the feed grate.
  • the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the primary combustion enters the cyclone combustion through a connection opening.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the cyclone combustion above the primary combustion is carried out with a substantially vertical axis of the rotary movement.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion in different directions.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion in tangential or in substantially tangential streams.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the tangential velocity in the cyclone combustion is set by selecting the speed of the air streams.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion from at least two nozzles.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that that air is alternately injected into two of four nozzle sticks distributed over the circumference of the cyclone combustion chamber, the two nozzle sticks being diametrically opposed to each other, into which cyclone combustion is blown.
  • the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the directions of the air streams emerging from the two nozzles are parallel but opposite to each other.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the movement of the combustion residues from the area of the secondary combustion into the area of the primary combustion by air flow is promoted.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is alternately injected, with equal or different intensity, from nozzles of a set of two sets of nozzles into the cyclone combustion, the air streams emerging from the nozzles of the two sets being oppositely tangential or in the opposite direction Essentially tangentially aligned.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is injected simultaneously, with equal or different intensity, from nozzles of a set of two sets of nozzles into the cyclone combustion, the air streams emerging from the nozzles of the two sets being oppositely tangential or in the opposite direction Essentially tangentially aligned.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the air streams are injected in one direction and speed into the cyclone combustion, that the cyclone combustion is performed turbulent.
  • the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the air streams are blown into the cyclone combustion in one direction and speed, and that the cyclone combustion is carried out in the form of a fluidized bed.
  • the proposed device for carrying out the method according to the invention with a chamber in which a grate for carrying out a feed grate firing is provided, and a cyclone chamber with vertical axis in which a cyclone combustion is performed wherein the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion and the chamber with the feed grate firing by a connection opening communicate with each other, is the cyclone chamber via at least one line connected to the chamber with the feed grate firing.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the combustion residues are conducted into the region below the feed grate.
  • the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the line opens into the (ash) space of the chamber below the feed grate.
  • the device according to the invention can be characterized in that at least two lines are provided, which start at different heights from the cyclone chamber.
  • the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the mouth of the conduit is aligned tangentially to the cyclone chamber.
  • the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the line is aligned substantially parallel to the axis of the cyclone chamber.
  • the device according to the invention may be characterized in that at least one fan for generating a forced flow in the line opens in the line.
  • the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the mouth of the fan opens at an acute angle into the conduit.
  • the device according to the invention can be characterized in that the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion with a distance from the connection opening between the chamber for Vorschubrostfeuerung and cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion an inwardly facing, inwardly projecting rib, in particular an annular rib having.
  • the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the line emanates from the extended portion of the cyclone chamber provided above the rib.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the chamber for the advancing grate firing is assigned a device for supplying solid fuels.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the connection opening between the chamber for the feed grate firing and the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion has a smaller cross-sectional area compared to the cross-sectional area of the cyclone chamber.
  • the inventive device proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion with distance from the connection opening between chamber for Vorschubrostfeuerung and Zyklonhunt for cyclone combustion an inwardly facing, inwardly projecting rib, in particular an annular rib , having.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that at least one nozzle for the entry of air opens in the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the at least one nozzle for the introduction of air into the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion opens tangentially into the region between the connection opening and the rib.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the at least one nozzle opens at a small distance above the connection opening.
  • the proposed device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that in the cyclone chamber several nozzles / nozzles for the entry of air and that the nozzle blocks / nozzles are aligned tangentially or at least approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that a feed grate is provided in the combustion chamber for the primary combustion, to which a device for supplying solid fuels is assigned.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the transition between the combustion chamber for the primary combustion and the cyclone chamber has a relation to the cross-sectional area of the interior of the cyclone chamber of smaller cross-sectional area.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion with a distance from the connection opening between the combustion chamber for the primary combustion and the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion, an inwardly facing, inwardly projecting rib, in particular an annular rib having.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion is designed as a projection-free cylinder.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the nozzle nozzles / nozzles for the introduction of air into the cyclone chamber open tangentially.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that two pairs are provided with two nozzle bars which are diametrically opposed to one another.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the axes of the openings of the nozzle blocks are aligned parallel to a diameter line lying between two nozzle bars.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the nozzle rods are connected to supply lines for air supply such that either the nozzle blocks of one pair or the nozzle blocks of the other pair are exposed to air.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the nozzle sticks are connected to supply lines for air supply, that the nozzle sticks of the one pair and the nozzle sticks 31 of the other pair simultaneously with air, optionally with air of different intensity , are acted upon.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that in the wall of the cyclone chamber a first set of nozzles, which are oriented approximately tangentially, on the one hand, and a second set of nozzles, which are aligned approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber, on the other hand, are provided and that the nozzles of the first set and the nozzles of the second set are aligned in opposite directions.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that nozzle blocks / nozzles are arranged at different altitudes in the cyclone chamber.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that several pairs of nozzle sticks are distributed over the height of the cyclone chamber.
  • FIG. 1 a device for burning solid fuels in the Fig. 2 to 5 in schematic horizontal sections embodiments of cyclone chambers of the device according to the invention, in the 6 and 7 Arrangement examples of lines and in Fig. 8 a modified embodiment are shown.
  • a variant according to the invention has in the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown, two basic components, a combustion chamber 1 and a cyclone chamber 5.
  • a feed grate 3 is provided in the burner chamber 1, in which the Vorschubrostfeuerung is performed as a primary combustion.
  • the cyclone chamber 5 is arranged, in which the cyclone combustion takes place as secondary combustion.
  • the cyclone chamber 5 has a vertical axis 7 and is arranged at the upper end 9 of the combustion chamber 1 for the Vorschubrostfeuerung.
  • a feed 13 which can operate continuously or discontinuously and, for example, a mechanical supply by means of hydraulic Stoker or screw conveyors, fed.
  • the kiln 11 slides down along the feed grate 3 while it is burning.
  • the connection opening 15 between the combustion chamber 1 with the Vorschubrostfeuerung and the cyclone chamber 5 for the cyclone combustion is formed in the embodiment with reduced cross-section, in the cyclone chamber 5, an advantageous flow of smoke or carbonization from the Vorschubrostfeuerung (primary combustion) in the vertical cyclone combustion (Secondary combustion).
  • the section 17 of the larger-diameter cyclone chamber 5 terminates at the top with a further constriction in the form of an annular rib 23, to which a second, extended section 25 of the cyclone chamber 5 adjoins at the top.
  • a proportion of the dust particles will enter into the device according to the invention in the lines 52 serving as overflow channels.
  • the mouths 54 of the lines 52 are provided above the rib 23 in the upper extended region 25 of the cyclone chamber 5. In order to facilitate the entry of the dust particles, the mouths 54 of the lines 52 may be aligned tangentially to the wall of the cyclone chamber 5.
  • a line 52 is sufficient in itself, two or more than two lines 52 may be provided.
  • the orifices 54 of the lines 52 can - if two lines 52 are provided - are diametrically opposite each other ( Fig. 7 ) or in one half of the cyclone chamber 5 ( Fig. 6 ).
  • the lower ends of the lines 52 open into the primary chamber 1 below the feed grate 3 in the ashtray, so that derived from the cyclone chamber 5 dust particles can be disposed of together with ash.
  • fans 56 may be connected, which generate in the lines 52 the transport of dust particles separated by the lines 52 supporting flows.
  • the channels are connected to the overflow channels (line 52) with opening 54 (one, several) of equal height or different height, which are mounted in the upper portion 25 of the cyclone combustion.
  • the rotated flue gas pushes the dust particles tangentially to the outside of the cyclone combustion.
  • the dust particles are pressed into the tangentially mounted openings 54 which are connected to the lines 52, whereby the dust particles are returned via the lines 52 back into the primary chamber 1, or transported away via a subsequent ash logistics.
  • the rate of rotation of the flue gas in the cyclone chamber 5 (“tangential velocity") determines the grain size of the dust particles entering the orifices 54 and deposited via the conduits 52.
  • the purified flue gases from the cyclone chamber 5 can also escape upwards.
  • a nozzle 21 is provided in the lid 19, to which a flue gas outlet is connected.
  • the nozzle 21 may be formed with and without (protruding into the cyclone chamber 5) dip tube.
  • the discharge of flue gas can be done in all variants with and without cross-sectional enlargement in the outer jacket.
  • a considerable advantage of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention is that, thanks to the special arrangement and operation of the nozzles (cf. Fig. 2 to 5 ) in the cyclone chamber 5 of a fluidized bed can form similar conditions, wherein substances in the fluidized bed from below by transfer from the burner chamber 1, in which the Vorschubrostfeuerung is performed, and deducted smoke or combustion gases through the lateral outlet 21 (or up) become.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 In the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 In the embodiment shown in FIG. Fig. 1 ) for forming a cyclone combustion in the cyclone chamber 5, four nozzle blocks 30 and 31 for supplying air are provided.
  • the nozzle sticks 30 and 31 are aligned so that the axes of their mouths and thus the air streams emerging from them are aligned parallel to a diameter line 32 which is provided between adjacent nozzle bars 30 and 31, that is, the air streams from the nozzle sticks 30 and 31 entering the cyclone chamber 5 substantially tangentially.
  • either the pair with the nozzle sticks 30 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) or the pair with the nozzle sticks 31 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) is exposed to air, so that once a direction of rotation of the cyclone in a clockwise direction ( Fig. 3 ) and in the other case, a counterclockwise direction ( Fig. 2 ).
  • two sets of nozzles namely nozzles 40 and nozzles 41 are provided in the region of the cyclone chamber 5, which are arranged, for example, at different heights (one above the other) in the wall of the cyclone chamber 5.
  • the nozzles 40 and 41 are aligned substantially tangentially to the inner wall of the cyclone chamber 5, so that during operation of the nozzles 40, a rotational movement of the cyclone in a clockwise direction (FIG. Fig. 4 ) or when applying the nozzles 41, a rotational movement of the cyclone counterclockwise ( Fig. 5 ).
  • the parameters of the combustion in the cyclone chamber 5 can be set so that optimum combustion is achieved. This also ensures that the raw dust content in the flue gas is reduced. Finally, there is also an advantage that a cleaning of the fire box can be achieved.
  • an embodiment of the invention can be described as follows:
  • a device which has a burner chamber 1 in which a primary combustion is carried out on a feed grate 3.
  • a cyclone chamber 5 Above the burner chamber 1, a cyclone chamber 5 is arranged, in which a cyclone combustion is performed.
  • a rotational movement of the flue gases and solids contained therein is effected, whereby solids are pressed to the outside and, if they do not burn in the cyclone combustion, are passed via lines 52 back into the burner chamber 1 in the area below the feed grate 3.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen fester Brennstoffe mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 und 5. Bekannte Vorrichtungen zum Verbrennen fester Brennstoffe besitzen in der Regel einen Rost, auf dem der zu verbrennende Brennstoff verbrannt wird.The invention relates to a method and apparatus for combusting solid fuels having the features of independent claims 1 and 5. Known solid fuel burning devices typically have a grate on which the fuel to be burned is burned.

Problematisch bei den bekannten Feuerungsanlagen ist es, dass land- und forstwirtschaftliche Biomasse nur bedingt einer thermischen Nutzung durch Verbrennen zugeführt werden konnten.The problem with the known firing systems is that agricultural and forestry biomass could only be supplied to a limited extent to thermal utilization by burning.

Ein zusätzliches Problem besteht darin, dass eine Sekundärverbrennung nur bedingt möglich ist.An additional problem is that secondary combustion is only conditionally possible.

Um dieses Problem zu lösen, ist in der EP 2 085 693 A2 ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen fester Stoffe vorgeschlagen worden, bei der eine Primärverbrennung in einer Kammer mit einem Rost, insbesondere einem Vorschubrost, und eine Sekundärverbrennung als Zyklonverbrennung oberhalb der Kammer für die Primärverbrennung ausgeführt wird.To solve this problem is in the EP 2 085 693 A2 a method and a device for burning solid materials has been proposed in which a primary combustion in a chamber with a grate, in particular a feed grate, and a secondary combustion as cyclone combustion is carried out above the chamber for the primary combustion.

Dieses bekannte Verfahren hat sich gut bewährt und eignet sich vor allem dazu, mit geringen Betriebskosten eine problemlose thermische Nutzung von land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Biomassen und Sonderbrennstoffen, wie Altholz, Abfällen aus der Papierindustrie und Spuckstoffen, möglich zu machen.This known method has been well proven and is particularly suitable for low-cost operation, a problem-free thermal utilization of agricultural and forestry biomasses and special fuels such as waste wood, waste from the paper industry and rejects possible.

EP 0 862 019A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen fester Brennstoffe, wobei eine Primärverbrennung in einer Kammer mit einem Rost ausgeführt wird und wobei eine Sekundärverbrennung als Zyklonverbrennung ausgeführt wird und wobei feste, insbesondere staubförmige, Verbrennungsrückstände aus dem Bereich der Sekundärverbrennung unmittelbar in den Bereich der Primärverbrennung geleitet werden. EP 862 019A1 offenbart eine Vorrichtung mit einer Kammer, in der ein Rost für das Ausführen einer Vorschubrostfeuerung vorgesehen ist, und einer Zyklonkammer mit lotrechter Achse, in welcher eine Zyklonverbrennung ausgeführt wird, wobei die Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung und die Kammer mit der Vorschubrostfeuerung durch eine Verbindungsöffnung miteinander in Verbindung stehen, wobei die Zyklonkammer über wenigstens eine Leitung mit der Kammer mit der Vorschubrostfeuerung verbunden ist. EP 0 862 019A1 describes a method for burning solid fuels, wherein a primary combustion is carried out in a chamber with a grate and wherein a secondary combustion is carried out as cyclone combustion and solid, especially dust-like, combustion residues from the secondary combustion area are passed directly into the primary combustion area. EP 862 019A1 discloses a device having a chamber in which a grate for carrying out a feed grate firing is provided, and a vertical axis cyclone chamber in which cyclone combustion is carried out, wherein the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion and the chamber with the grate firing through a connection opening with each other Connection are, wherein the cyclone chamber is connected via at least one line to the chamber with the Vorschubrostfeuerung.

Aus DE 39 15 992 A und DE 295 07 527 U sind ähnliche Verfahren und Vorrichtungen bekannt.Out DE 39 15 992 A and DE 295 07 527 U are known similar methods and devices.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, das Abtrennen fester (staubförmiger) Verbrennungsrückstände zu verbessern.The invention is based on the object to improve the separation of solid (dust-like) combustion residues.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren, das die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 aufweist und mit einer Vorrichtung, welche die Merkmale von Anspruch 5 aufweist.This object is achieved according to the invention with a method that the characteristics of Claim 1 and having a device having the features of claim 5.

Bevorzugte und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist es, abgesehen davon, dass die Primärverbrennung (Vorschubrost) und die Sekundärverbrennung (Zyklonverbrennung) räumlich getrennt erfolgen, sodass die Primärverbrennung in reduzierender Atmosphäre betrieben werden kann, wodurch eine erhebliche Reduktion der umweltschädigenden Stickoxide möglich ist, dass das Abscheiden von festen Verbrennungsrückständen (Staub) aus der Zyklonkammer verbessert und wirksamer möglich ist.An advantage of the method and apparatus of the invention is, apart from the fact that the primary combustion (feed grate) and the secondary combustion (cyclone combustion) are spatially separated, so that the primary combustion can be operated in a reducing atmosphere, whereby a significant reduction of environmentally harmful nitrogen oxides is possible in that the separation of solid combustion residues (dust) from the cyclone chamber is improved and more effectively possible.

Da bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine Kombination aus Vorschubrostfeuerung und einer vertikalen Zyklonverbrennung (Wirbelschichtverbrennung) vorliegt, bei der die Primärverbrennung auf einem Vorschubrost stattfindet, ergibt sich ein günstiger Verlauf der Verbrennung mit geringem Anfall an umweltbelastenden Abfallstoffen.Since a combination of feed grate firing and vertical cyclone combustion (fluidized-bed combustion) is present in the method and device according to the invention, in which the primary combustion takes place on a feed grate, a favorable course of the combustion results with a low amount of polluting waste materials.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können insbesondere auch feste, langflammige und vor allem ligninhältige Brennstoffe verbrannt werden.With the device according to the invention in particular solid, long-flame and especially lignin-containing fuels can be burned.

Bei der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass feste Verbrennungsrückstände aus dem Außenbereich der Sekundärverbrennung abgezogen werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die festen Verbrennungsrückstände in den Bereich unterhalb des Vorschubrostes geleitet werden.In the invention it is provided that solid combustion residues are withdrawn from the exterior of the secondary combustion. According to the invention, it is provided that the solid combustion residues are conducted into the region below the feed grate.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass feste Verbrennungsrückstände zusammen mit Asche aus dem Bereich unterhalb des Vorschubrostes entfernt werden.In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that solid combustion residues are removed together with ash from the area below the feed grate.

In einer Ausführungsform kann durch großzügige Dimensionierung der Rostkonstruktion das Trocknen des Brennstoffes und die nachfolgende Primärverbrennung in einem kontrollierten Glutbett ausgeführt werden.In one embodiment, by generously dimensioning the grate construction, the drying of the fuel and the subsequent primary combustion can be carried out in a controlled ember bed.

Das Verbrennen auf einem Vorschubrost hat wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber einer reinen Wirbelschichtfeuerung, worunter unter anderem geringere Luftgeschwindigkeiten am Rost zu nennen ist.The burning on a feed grate has significant advantages over a pure fluidized bed combustion, which among other things lower air velocities at the grate is to call.

Dabei ergibt sich in einer Ausführungsform bei der Erfindung der Vorteil, dass der Rohstaubgehalt bereits im Primärbereich minimiert wird. Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Zyklonverbrennung oberhalb der als Vorschubrostfeuerung ausgebildeten Primärzone angeordnet ist.In one embodiment, the invention results in the advantage that the raw dust content is already minimized in the primary region. In the context of the invention, it is provided that the cyclone combustion is arranged above the primary zone designed as a feed grate firing.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ergeben der speziell geformte Eintritt in die Zyklonkammer und tangential angeordnete Luftdüsen für die Sekundärluft und die dadurch bewirkte Zirkulation ein vorteilhaftes Drehen der Rauchgase. Durch diese Rotationsbewegung der Rauchgase werden (schwere) Staubteilchen nach außen gedrückt, wo sie verbrennen und wieder nach unten in die Primärzone fallen.In one embodiment of the invention, the specially shaped entry into the cyclone chamber and tangentially arranged air nozzles for the secondary air and the circulation caused thereby result in an advantageous rotation of the flue gases. This rotational movement of the flue gases pushes (heavy) dust particles outwards where they burn and fall back down into the primary zone.

dynamisch durch die Tangentialkräfte und Schwerkraft beeinflusste Verbrennungsprozess ermöglicht ein vollständiges Verbrennen der Flugasche.dynamically influenced by the tangential forces and gravity combustion process allows complete combustion of the fly ash.

Zusätzlich ergibt sich durch die hohe Turbulenz im Bereich der vertikalen Zyklonverbrennung eine gute Vermischung der Schwelgase mit Sauerstoff, wodurch das Verbrennen mit einem sehr geringen Restsauerstoff und damit hohem feuerungstechnischen Wirkungsgrad betrieben werden kann.In addition, due to the high turbulence in the region of the vertical cyclone combustion, a good mixing of the carbonization gases with oxygen, whereby the combustion can be operated with a very low residual oxygen and thus high firing efficiency.

Durch den Selbstreinigungseffekt der vertikal angelegten Kammer, in welcher die Zyklonverbrennung bevorzugt ausgeführt wird, wird das Ablagern von Flugasche verhindert.Due to the self-cleaning effect of the vertically applied chamber, in which the cyclone combustion is preferably carried out, the deposition of fly ash is prevented.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass in die Zyklonverbrennung Luft in unterschiedlichen Richtungen eingeblasen wird.In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that air is injected into the cyclone combustion in different directions.

Gemäß der Erfindung kann diese Ausführungsform in einer Vorrichtung mit einer Brennkammer zum Verbrennen fester Brennstoffe, insbesondere land- und forstwirtschaftlicher Biomasse, sowie Sonderbrennstoffe, ausgeführt werden, wobei eine Primärverbrennung in einer Kammer mit einem Rost ausgeführt wird, und eine Sekundärverbrennung als Zyklonverbrennung ausgeführt wird, die sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass in der Zyklonkammer mehrere Düsenstöcke/Düsen für den Eintritt von Luft münden und dass die Düsenstöcke/Düsen zur Zyklonkammer tangential oder wenigstens annähernd tangential ausgerichtet sind.According to the invention, this embodiment can be carried out in a device having a combustion chamber for burning solid fuels, in particular agricultural and forestry biomass, and special fuels, wherein a primary combustion is carried out in a chamber with a grate, and a secondary combustion is carried out as cyclone combustion, which is characterized in that in the cyclone chamber several nozzles / nozzles for the entry of air and that the nozzle blocks / nozzles are aligned tangentially or at least approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise ebenso wie durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung und Wahl der Düsen, durch die Luft in den Bereich der, vorzugsweise vertikalen, Zyklonverbrennung eingeblasen wird, hat man es mit einfachen Mitteln einerseits in der Hand, die Zyklonverbrennung turbulent oder in Form einer Wirbelschicht zu betreiben, und andererseits besteht die Möglichkeit die Bedingungen der Sekundärverbrennung im Zyklon zu optimieren.By the method of the invention, as well as by the arrangement and choice of nozzles, is blown through the air in the field of, preferably vertical, cyclone combustion, it is with simple means on the one hand in the hand, the cyclone combustion turbulent or in the form of a fluidized bed On the other hand, it is possible to optimize the conditions of secondary combustion in the cyclone.

Überdies erlaubt es die Erfindung durch die tangentialen oder im Wesentlichen tangentialen Luftströme (aus den Düsen) die tangentiale Geschwindigkeit bei der Zyklonverbrennung zu regeln, um eine optimale Verbrennung zu erreichen. Die alles kann zum vorteilhaften Verringern des Rohstaubgehaltes in den Abgasen (Rauchgas) führen.Moreover, the invention allows the tangential or substantially tangential air streams (from the nozzles) to control the tangential velocity during cyclone combustion to achieve optimum combustion. All this can lead to the advantageous reduction of the raw dust content in the exhaust gases (flue gas).

Im Rahmen der Erfindung (Verfahren und Vorrichtung) besteht die Möglichkeit, die Tangentialgeschwindigkeit im Bereich der Zyklonverbrennung zu einzustellen, dass Feststoffe mit der gewünschten Korngröße abgeschieden werden. Man hat also die Möglichkeit, durch Wahl der Tangentialgeschwindigkeit die Korngröße der abgeschiedenen Feststoffe zu beeinflussen und auf gewünschte Werte einzustellen.In the context of the invention (method and apparatus), it is possible to set the tangential velocity in the area of the cyclone combustion so that solids having the desired particle size are deposited. It is thus possible to influence the grain size of the separated solids by selecting the tangential velocity and to set them to desired values.

Mit Vorteil ist im Rahmen der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass über der als Vorschubrostfeuerung ausgebildeten Primärzone, die Kammer für die Zyklonverbrennung vertikal angeordnet ist.It is advantageously provided within the scope of the invention that the chamber for the cyclone combustion is arranged vertically above the primary zone designed as a feed grate firing.

Insgesamt ergibt sich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gegenüber konventionellen Vorschubrostfeuerungsanlagen eine erhebliche Reduktion der Betriebskosten. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Primärverbrennung als Vorschubrostfeuerung ausgeführt und werden die Verbrennungsrückstände in den Bereich unterhalb des Vorschubrostes geleitet. In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass Verbrennungsrückstände zusammen mit Asche aus dem Bereich unterhalb des Vorschubrostes entfernt werden.Overall, with the device according to the invention over conventional Vorschubrostfeuerungsanlagen a significant reduction in operating costs. In the method according to the invention, the primary combustion is carried out as Vorschubrostfeuerung and the combustion residues are passed into the area below the feed grate. In one embodiment, the inventive method can be characterized in that combustion residues are removed together with ash from the area below the feed grate.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Primärverbrennung durch eine Verbindungsöffnung in die Zyklonverbrennung eintritt.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the primary combustion enters the cyclone combustion through a connection opening.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Zyklonverbrennung oberhalb der Primärverbrennung mit im Wesentlichen lotrechter Achse der Drehbewegung ausgeführt wird.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the cyclone combustion above the primary combustion is carried out with a substantially vertical axis of the rotary movement.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass in die Zyklonverbrennung Luft in unterschiedlichen Richtungen eingeblasen wird.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention can be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion in different directions.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass in die Zyklonverbrennung Luft in tangentialen oder in im Wesentlichen tangentialen Strömen eingeblasen wird.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention can be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion in tangential or in substantially tangential streams.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass die tangentiale Geschwindigkeit bei der Zyklonverbrennung durch Wahl der Geschwindigkeit der Luftströme eingestellt wird.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the tangential velocity in the cyclone combustion is set by selecting the speed of the air streams.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass Luft in die Zyklonverbrennung aus wenigstens zwei Düsen eingeblasen wird.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion from at least two nozzles.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass Luft abwechselnd aus zwei von vier über den Umfang der Kammer der Zyklonverbrennung verteilt angeordneten Düsenstöcken, wobei die zwei Düsenstöcke einander diametral gegenüberliegen, in die Zyklonverbrennung eingeblasen wird.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention may be characterized in that that air is alternately injected into two of four nozzle sticks distributed over the circumference of the cyclone combustion chamber, the two nozzle sticks being diametrically opposed to each other, into which cyclone combustion is blown.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Richtungen der Luftströme, die aus den zwei Düsen austreten, zueinander parallel jedoch entgegengesetzt sind.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the directions of the air streams emerging from the two nozzles are parallel but opposite to each other.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Bewegung der Verbrennungsrückstände aus dem Bereich der Sekundärverbrennung in den Bereich der Primärverbrennung durch Luftströmung unterstützt wird.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the movement of the combustion residues from the area of the secondary combustion into the area of the primary combustion by air flow is promoted.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass Luft abwechselnd, mit gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Intensität, aus Düsen eines Satzes von zwei Sätzen von Düsen in die Zyklonverbrennung eingeblasen wird, wobei die aus den Düsen der beiden Sätze austretenden Luftströme entgegengesetzt tangential oder im Wesentlichen tangential ausgerichtet sind.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is alternately injected, with equal or different intensity, from nozzles of a set of two sets of nozzles into the cyclone combustion, the air streams emerging from the nozzles of the two sets being oppositely tangential or in the opposite direction Essentially tangentially aligned.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass Luft gleichzeitig, mit gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Intensität, aus Düsen eines Satzes von zwei Sätzen von Düsen in die Zyklonverbrennung eingeblasen wird, wobei die aus den Düsen der beiden Sätze austretenden Luftströme entgegengesetzt tangential oder im Wesentlichen tangential ausgerichtet sind.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is injected simultaneously, with equal or different intensity, from nozzles of a set of two sets of nozzles into the cyclone combustion, the air streams emerging from the nozzles of the two sets being oppositely tangential or in the opposite direction Essentially tangentially aligned.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Luftströme in einer Richtung und Geschwindigkeit in die Zyklonverbrennung eingeblasen werden, dass die Zyklonverbrennung turbulent ausgeführt wird.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the air streams are injected in one direction and speed into the cyclone combustion, that the cyclone combustion is performed turbulent.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Luftströme in einer Richtung und Geschwindigkeit in die Zyklonverbrennung eingeblasen werden, dass die Zyklonverbrennung in Form einer Wirbelschicht ausgeführt wird. Bei der für das Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene Vorrichtung mit einer Kammer, in der ein Rost für das Ausführen einer Vorschubrostfeuerung vorgesehen ist, und einer Zyklonkammer mit lotrechter Achse, in welcher eine Zyklonverbrennung ausgeführt wird, wobei die Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung und die Kammer mit der Vorschubrostfeuerung durch eine Verbindungsöffnung miteinander in Verbindung stehen, ist die Zyklonkammer über wenigstens eine Leitung mit der Kammer mit der Vorschubrostfeuerung verbunden. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Verbrennungsrückstände in den Bereich unterhalb des Vorschubrostes geleitet werden. In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Leitung in dem (Asche)Raum der Kammer unterhalb des Vorschubrostes mündet.In one embodiment, the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the air streams are blown into the cyclone combustion in one direction and speed, and that the cyclone combustion is carried out in the form of a fluidized bed. In the proposed device for carrying out the method according to the invention with a chamber in which a grate for carrying out a feed grate firing is provided, and a cyclone chamber with vertical axis in which a cyclone combustion is performed, wherein the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion and the chamber with the feed grate firing by a connection opening communicate with each other, is the cyclone chamber via at least one line connected to the chamber with the feed grate firing. The device according to the invention is characterized in that the combustion residues are conducted into the region below the feed grate. In one embodiment, the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the line opens into the (ash) space of the chamber below the feed grate.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass wenigstens zwei Leitungen vorgesehen sind, die in unterschiedlichen Höhen von der Zyklonkammer ausgehen.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention can be characterized in that at least two lines are provided, which start at different heights from the cyclone chamber.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Mündung der Leitung zur Zyklonkammer tangential ausgerichtet ist.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the mouth of the conduit is aligned tangentially to the cyclone chamber.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Leitung im Wesentlichen parallel zur Achse der Zyklonkammer ausgerichtet verläuft.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the line is aligned substantially parallel to the axis of the cyclone chamber.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass in der Leitung wenigstens ein Gebläse zum Erzeugen einer Zwangsströmung in der Leitung mündet.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention may be characterized in that at least one fan for generating a forced flow in the line opens in the line.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Mündung des Gebläses unter einem spitzen Winkel in die Leitung mündet.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the mouth of the fan opens at an acute angle into the conduit.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung mit Abstand von der Verbindungsöffnung zwischen Kammer für Vorschubrostfeuerung und Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung eine nach innen weisende, nach innen vorspringende Rippe, insbesondere eine Ringrippe, aufweist.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention can be characterized in that the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion with a distance from the connection opening between the chamber for Vorschubrostfeuerung and cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion an inwardly facing, inwardly projecting rib, in particular an annular rib having.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, die Leitung von dem oberhalb der Rippe vorgesehenen erweiterten Abschnitt der Zyklonkammer ausgeht.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention may be characterized in that the line emanates from the extended portion of the cyclone chamber provided above the rib.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass der Kammer für die Vorschubrostfeuerung eine Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von festen Brennstoffen zugeordnet ist.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the chamber for the advancing grate firing is assigned a device for supplying solid fuels.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Verbindungsöffnung zwischen der Kammer für die Vorschubrostfeuerung und der Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung einen gegenüber der Querschnittsfläche der Zyklonkammer kleinere Querschnittsfläche aufweist.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the connection opening between the chamber for the feed grate firing and the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion has a smaller cross-sectional area compared to the cross-sectional area of the cyclone chamber.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung mit Abstand von der Verbindungsöffnung zwischen Kammer für Vorschubrostfeuerung und Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung eine nach innen weisende, nach innen vorspringende Rippe, insbesondere eine Ringrippe, aufweist.In one embodiment, the inventive device proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion with distance from the connection opening between chamber for Vorschubrostfeuerung and Zyklonkammer for cyclone combustion an inwardly facing, inwardly projecting rib, in particular an annular rib , having.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass in der Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung wenigstens eine Düse für den Eintritt von Luft mündet.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that at least one nozzle for the entry of air opens in the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die wenigstens eine Düse für das Zuführen von Luft in die Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung in den Bereich zwischen der Verbindungsöffnung und der Rippe tangential einmündet.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the at least one nozzle for the introduction of air into the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion opens tangentially into the region between the connection opening and the rib.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die wenigstens eine Düse mit geringem Abstand über der Verbindungsöffnung mündet.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the at least one nozzle opens at a small distance above the connection opening.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass in der Zyklonkammer mehrere Düsenstöcke/Düsen für den Eintritt von Luft münden und dass die Düsenstöcke/Düsen zur Zyklonkammer tangential oder wenigstens annähernd tangential ausgerichtet sind.In one embodiment, the proposed device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that in the cyclone chamber several nozzles / nozzles for the entry of air and that the nozzle blocks / nozzles are aligned tangentially or at least approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass in der Brennkammer für die Primärverbrennung ein Vorschubrost vorgesehen ist, dem eine Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von festen Brennstoffen zugeordnet ist.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that a feed grate is provided in the combustion chamber for the primary combustion, to which a device for supplying solid fuels is assigned.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass der Übergang zwischen der Brennkammer für die Primärverbrennung und der Zyklonkammer eine gegenüber der Querschnittsfläche des Inneren der Zyklonkammer kleinere Querschnittsfläche aufweist.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the transition between the combustion chamber for the primary combustion and the cyclone chamber has a relation to the cross-sectional area of the interior of the cyclone chamber of smaller cross-sectional area.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung mit Abstand von der Verbindungsöffnung zwischen der Brennkammer für die Primärverbrennung und der Zyklonkammer für Zyklonverbrennung eine nach innen weisende, nach innen vorspringende Rippe, insbesondere eine Ringrippe, aufweist.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion with a distance from the connection opening between the combustion chamber for the primary combustion and the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion, an inwardly facing, inwardly projecting rib, in particular an annular rib having.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Zyklonkammer für die Zyklonverbrennung als vorsprungfreier Zylinder ausgebildet ist.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion is designed as a projection-free cylinder.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Düsenstöcke/Düsen für das Zuführen von Luft in die Zyklonkammer tangential einmünden.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the nozzle nozzles / nozzles for the introduction of air into the cyclone chamber open tangentially.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass zwei Paare mit zwei einander diametral gegenüberliegender Düsenstöcke vorgesehen sind.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that two pairs are provided with two nozzle bars which are diametrically opposed to one another.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Achsen der Mündungen der Düsenstöcke parallel zu einer zwischen zwei Düsenstöcken liegenden Durchmesserlinie ausgerichtet sind.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the axes of the openings of the nozzle blocks are aligned parallel to a diameter line lying between two nozzle bars.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Düsenstöcke mit Versorgungsleitungen für Luftzufuhr derart verbunden sind, dass entweder die Düsenstöcke des einen Paares oder die Düsenstöcke des anderen Paares mit Luft beaufschlagbar sind.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the nozzle rods are connected to supply lines for air supply such that either the nozzle blocks of one pair or the nozzle blocks of the other pair are exposed to air.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Düsenstöcke mit Versorgungsleitungen für Luftzufuhr derart angeschlossen sind, dass die Düsenstöcke des einen Paares und die Düsenstöcke 31 des anderen Paares gleichzeitig mit Luft, gegebenenfalls mit Luft unterschiedlicher Intensität, beaufschlagbar sind.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the nozzle sticks are connected to supply lines for air supply, that the nozzle sticks of the one pair and the nozzle sticks 31 of the other pair simultaneously with air, optionally with air of different intensity , are acted upon.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass in der Wand der Zyklonkammer ein erster Satz Düsen, die annähernd tangential ausgerichtet sind, einerseits, und ein zweiter Satz Düsen, die annähernd tangential zur Zyklonkammer ausgerichtet sind, andererseits, vorgesehen sind und dass die Düsen des ersten Satzes und die Düsen des zweiten Satzes in entgegengesetzte Richtungen ausgerichtet sind.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that in the wall of the cyclone chamber a first set of nozzles, which are oriented approximately tangentially, on the one hand, and a second set of nozzles, which are aligned approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber, on the other hand, are provided and that the nozzles of the first set and the nozzles of the second set are aligned in opposite directions.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass in der Zyklonkammer Düsenstöcke/Düsen in unterschiedlichen Höhenlagen angeordnet sind.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that nozzle blocks / nozzles are arranged at different altitudes in the cyclone chamber.

In einer Ausführungsform kann sich die zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgeschlagene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch auszeichnen, dass mehrere Paare Düsenstöcke über die Höhe der Zyklonkammer verteilt angeordnet sind.In one embodiment, the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that several pairs of nozzle sticks are distributed over the height of the cyclone chamber.

Weitere Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Zeichnungen, in welcher in Fig. 1 eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen fester Brennstoffe, in den Fig. 2 bis 5 in schematischen horizontalen Schnitten Ausführungsbeispiele von Zyklonkammern der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, in den Fig. 6 und 7 Anordnungsbeispiele von Leitungen und in Fig. 8 eine abgeänderte Ausführungsform gezeigt sind.Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which Fig. 1 a device for burning solid fuels in the Fig. 2 to 5 in schematic horizontal sections embodiments of cyclone chambers of the device according to the invention, in the 6 and 7 Arrangement examples of lines and in Fig. 8 a modified embodiment are shown.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Variante besitzt in der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform zwei grundsätzliche Bauteile, eine Brennkammer 1 und eine Zyklonkammer 5. In der Brennerkammer 1, in welcher die Vorschubrostfeuerung als Primärverbrennung ausgeführt wird, ist ein Vorschubrost 3 vorgesehen. Über der Brennerkammer 1 ist die Zyklonkammer 5 angeordnet, in der die Zyklonverbrennung als Sekundärverbrennung stattfindet. Dabei hat die Zyklonkammer 5 eine lotrechte Achse 7 und ist am oberen Ende 9 der Brennkammer 1 für die Vorschubrostfeuerung angeordnet.A variant according to the invention has in the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown, two basic components, a combustion chamber 1 and a cyclone chamber 5. In the burner chamber 1, in which the Vorschubrostfeuerung is performed as a primary combustion, a feed grate 3 is provided. Above the burner chamber 1, the cyclone chamber 5 is arranged, in which the cyclone combustion takes place as secondary combustion. In this case, the cyclone chamber 5 has a vertical axis 7 and is arranged at the upper end 9 of the combustion chamber 1 for the Vorschubrostfeuerung.

In der Brennerkammer 1 mit der Vorschubrostfeuerung wird Brenngut 11 über eine Zuführung 13, die kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich arbeiten kann und beispielsweise eine mechanische Zuführung mittels Hydraulikstoker oder Förderschnecken sein kann, zugeführt. Das Brenngut 11 gleitet entlang des Vorschubrostes 3 nach unten, während es verbrennt. Die Verbindungsöffnung 15 zwischen der Brennkammer 1 mit der Vorschubrostfeuerung und der Zyklonkammer 5 für die Zyklonverbrennung ist in dem Ausführungsbeispiel mit reduziertem Querschnitt ausgebildet, um in der Zyklonkammer 5 eine vorteilhafte Strömung der Rauch- bzw. Schwelgase aus der Vorschubrostfeuerung (Primärverbrennung) in die vertikale Zyklonverbrennung (Sekundärverbrennung) zu gewährleisten.In the burner chamber 1 with the Vorschubrostfeuerung kiln 11 via a feed 13, which can operate continuously or discontinuously and, for example, a mechanical supply by means of hydraulic Stoker or screw conveyors, fed. The kiln 11 slides down along the feed grate 3 while it is burning. The connection opening 15 between the combustion chamber 1 with the Vorschubrostfeuerung and the cyclone chamber 5 for the cyclone combustion is formed in the embodiment with reduced cross-section, in the cyclone chamber 5, an advantageous flow of smoke or carbonization from the Vorschubrostfeuerung (primary combustion) in the vertical cyclone combustion (Secondary combustion).

Im Bereich des unteren erweiterten Abschnittes 17 der Zyklonkammer 5 münden mehrere Düsen in die Zyklonkammer 5 tangential ein, durch welche Luft zugeführt wird, welche die Rauchgase und die in diesen enthaltenen Staubteilchen (feste Verbrennungsrückstände) bei der Zyklonverbrennung in eine Drehbewegung um die lotrechte Achse 7 der Zyklonkammer 5 versetzen.In the area of the lower extended portion 17 of the cyclone chamber 5, several nozzles open into the cyclone chamber 5 tangentially, through which air is supplied, which the flue gases and dust particles contained therein (solid combustion residues) in the cyclone combustion in a rotational movement about the vertical axis. 7 move the cyclone chamber 5.

Der Abschnitt 17 der Zyklonkammer 5 mit größerem Durchmesser endet oben mit einer weiteren Einschürung in Form einer ringförmigen Rippe 23, an die sich oben ein zweiter, erweiterter Abschnitt 25 der Zyklonkammer 5 anschließt.The section 17 of the larger-diameter cyclone chamber 5 terminates at the top with a further constriction in the form of an annular rib 23, to which a second, extended section 25 of the cyclone chamber 5 adjoins at the top.

Durch die Drehbewegung der Rauchgase und der in diesen enthaltenen Staubteilchen in der Zyklonkammer 5, werden Staubteilchen nach außen gedrückt, wo sie verbrennen und nach unten oder zurück in die Brennerkammer 1 der Primärzone (Vorschubrostfeuerung) fallen. Die von Staubteilchen und sonstigen festen Anteilen gereinigten Rauchgase treten aus der Zyklonkammer 5, in welcher die Zyklonverbrennung stattfindet, seitlich durch einen Stutzen 21, an den ein Rauchgasabzug angeschlossen ist, aus. Da obere Ende der Zyklonkammer 5, in welchem die Zyklonverbrennung stattfindet, ist geschlossen, kann aber für Wartungs- oder Reinigungsarbeiten mit einem öffenbaren Deckel 19 ausgebildet sein, wobei auch ein Schauglas zum Beobachten des Verbrennungsvorganges denkbar ist.As a result of the rotational movement of the flue gases and the dust particles contained in them in the cyclone chamber 5, dust particles are forced outwards, where they burn and fall downwards or backwards into the burner chamber 1 of the primary zone (advancing grate firing). The purified of dust particles and other solid fractions flue gases from the cyclone chamber 5, in which the cyclone combustion takes place laterally through a nozzle 21, to which a flue gas outlet is connected, from. Since the upper end of the cyclone chamber 5, in which the cyclone combustion takes place, is closed, but may be designed for maintenance or cleaning work with an openable lid 19, wherein a sight glass for observing the combustion process is conceivable.

Ein Anteil der Staubteilchen wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in die als Überstromkanäle dienenden Leitungen 52 eintreten. Die Mündungen 54 der Leitungen 52 sind oberhalb der Rippe 23 im oberen erweiterten Bereich 25 der Zyklonkammer 5 vorgesehen. Um das Eintreten der Staubteilchen zu erleichtern, können die Mündungen 54 der Leitungen 52 zur Wand der Zyklonkammer 5 tangential ausgerichtet sein.A proportion of the dust particles will enter into the device according to the invention in the lines 52 serving as overflow channels. The mouths 54 of the lines 52 are provided above the rib 23 in the upper extended region 25 of the cyclone chamber 5. In order to facilitate the entry of the dust particles, the mouths 54 of the lines 52 may be aligned tangentially to the wall of the cyclone chamber 5.

Wenngleich eine Leitung 52 an sich hinreicht, können auch zwei oder mehr als zwei Leitungen 52 vorgesehen sein.Although a line 52 is sufficient in itself, two or more than two lines 52 may be provided.

Wenn zwei oder mehr als zwei Leitungen 52 vorgesehen sind, ist es bevorzugt, dass deren Mündungen 54 in der Zyklonkammer 5 in unterschiedlichen Höhen münden (vgl. Fig. 1 und 8).If two or more than two lines 52 are provided, it is preferred that their mouths 54 open in the cyclone chamber 5 at different heights (see. Fig. 1 and 8th ).

Die Mündungen 54 der Leitungen 52 können - wenn zwei Leitungen 52 vorgesehen sind - einander diametral gegenüber liegen (Fig. 7) oder in einer Hälfte der Zyklonkammer 5 liegen (Fig. 6).The orifices 54 of the lines 52 can - if two lines 52 are provided - are diametrically opposite each other ( Fig. 7 ) or in one half of the cyclone chamber 5 ( Fig. 6 ).

Die unteren Enden der Leitungen 52 münden in der Primärkammer 1 unterhalb des Vorschubrostes 3 im Ascheraum, sodass aus der Zyklonkammer 5 abgeleitete Staubteilchen zusammen mit Asche entsorgt werden können.The lower ends of the lines 52 open into the primary chamber 1 below the feed grate 3 in the ashtray, so that derived from the cyclone chamber 5 dust particles can be disposed of together with ash.

An die Leitungen 52 können Gebläse 56 angeschlossen sein, die in den Leitungen 52 den Transport abgeschiedener Staubteilchen durch die Leitungen 52 unterstützende Strömungen erzeugen.To the lines 52 fans 56 may be connected, which generate in the lines 52 the transport of dust particles separated by the lines 52 supporting flows.

Die Kanäle sind mit Öffnung 54 (eine, mehrere) in gleicher Höhe oder verschiedener Höhe, die im oberen Bereich 25 der Zyklonverbrennung angebracht sind, mit den Überstromkanälen (Leitung 52) verbunden. Das in Rotation versetzte Rauchgas drückt die Staubteilchen tangential an den Außenbereich der Zyklonverbrennung. Die Staubteilchen werden in die tangential angebrachten Öffnungen 54, die mit den Leitungen 52 verbunden sind, gedrückt, wodurch die Staubteilchen über die Leitungen 52 wieder in die Primärkammer 1 zurückbefördert, oder über eine nachfolgende Aschenlogistik abtransportiert werden. Die Geschwindigkeit der Rotation des Rauchgases in der Zyklonkammer 5 ("Tangentialgeschwindigkeit") bestimmt die Korngröße der in die Mündungen 54 eintretenden und über die Leitungen 52 abgeschiedenen Staubteilchen.The channels are connected to the overflow channels (line 52) with opening 54 (one, several) of equal height or different height, which are mounted in the upper portion 25 of the cyclone combustion. The rotated flue gas pushes the dust particles tangentially to the outside of the cyclone combustion. The dust particles are pressed into the tangentially mounted openings 54 which are connected to the lines 52, whereby the dust particles are returned via the lines 52 back into the primary chamber 1, or transported away via a subsequent ash logistics. The rate of rotation of the flue gas in the cyclone chamber 5 ("tangential velocity") determines the grain size of the dust particles entering the orifices 54 and deposited via the conduits 52.

In einer abgeänderten Ausführungsform (Fig. 8) können die gereinigten Rauchgase aus der Zyklonkammer 5 auch nach oben hin austreten. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist im Deckel 19 ein Stutzen 21 vorgesehen, an dem ein Rauchgasabzug angeschlossen ist. Der Stutzen 21 kann mit und ohne (in die Zyklonkammer 5 ragendes) Tauchrohr ausgebildet sein. Das Ableiten von Rauchgas kann in allen Varianten mit und ohne Querschnittvergrößerung im Außenmantel erfolgen.In a modified embodiment ( Fig. 8 ), the purified flue gases from the cyclone chamber 5 can also escape upwards. In this embodiment, a nozzle 21 is provided in the lid 19, to which a flue gas outlet is connected. The nozzle 21 may be formed with and without (protruding into the cyclone chamber 5) dip tube. The discharge of flue gas can be done in all variants with and without cross-sectional enlargement in the outer jacket.

Ein erheblicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist es, dass sich dank der besonderen Anordnung und Betrieb der Düsen (vgl. Fig. 2 bis 5) in der Zyklonkammer 5 einer Wirbelschicht ähnliche Verhältnisse ausbilden können, wobei Stoffe in der Wirbelschicht von unten durch Übertritt aus der Brennerkammer 1, in welcher die Vorschubrostfeuerung ausgeführt wird, zugeführt und Rauch- oder Verbrennungsgase durch den seitlichen Auslass 21 (oder nach oben) abgezogen werden.A considerable advantage of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention is that, thanks to the special arrangement and operation of the nozzles (cf. Fig. 2 to 5 ) in the cyclone chamber 5 of a fluidized bed can form similar conditions, wherein substances in the fluidized bed from below by transfer from the burner chamber 1, in which the Vorschubrostfeuerung is performed, and deducted smoke or combustion gases through the lateral outlet 21 (or up) become.

Bei der in den Fig. 2 und 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform sind im Bereich 17 (Fig. 1) für das Ausbilden einer Zyklonverbrennung in der Zyklonkammer 5 vier Düsenstöcke 30 und 31 zum Zuführen von Luft vorgesehen. Die Düsenstöcke 30 und 31 sind so ausgerichtet, dass die Achsen ihrer Mündungen und damit die aus ihnen austretenden Luftströme zu einer Durchmesserlinie 32, die zwischen benachbarten Düsenstöcken 30 und 31 vorgesehen ist, parallel ausgerichtet sind, d.h. das die Luftströme aus den Düsenstöcken 30 und 31 in die Zyklonkammer 5 im Wesentlichen tangential eintreten.In the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 In the embodiment shown in FIG. Fig. 1 ) for forming a cyclone combustion in the cyclone chamber 5, four nozzle blocks 30 and 31 for supplying air are provided. The nozzle sticks 30 and 31 are aligned so that the axes of their mouths and thus the air streams emerging from them are aligned parallel to a diameter line 32 which is provided between adjacent nozzle bars 30 and 31, that is, the air streams from the nozzle sticks 30 and 31 entering the cyclone chamber 5 substantially tangentially.

Bei der in den Fig. 2 und 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform wird entweder das Paar mit den Düsenstöcken 30 (Fig. 3) oder das Paar mit den Düsenstöcken 31 (Fig. 2) mit Luft beaufschlagt, so dass sich einmal eine Drehrichtung des Zyklons im Uhrzeigersinn (Fig. 3) und im anderen Fall eine Drehrichtung entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn (Fig. 2) ergibt.In the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 In the embodiment shown, either the pair with the nozzle sticks 30 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) or the pair with the nozzle sticks 31 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) is exposed to air, so that once a direction of rotation of the cyclone in a clockwise direction ( Fig. 3 ) and in the other case, a counterclockwise direction ( Fig. 2 ).

Bei der in den Fig. 4 und 5 gezeigten Ausführungsform sind im Bereich der Zyklonkammer 5 zwei Sätze von Düsen, nämlich Düsen 40 und Düsen 41 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise in unterschiedlichen Höhen (übereinander) in der Wand der Zyklonkammer 5 angeordnet sind.In the in the 4 and 5 In the embodiment shown, two sets of nozzles, namely nozzles 40 and nozzles 41 are provided in the region of the cyclone chamber 5, which are arranged, for example, at different heights (one above the other) in the wall of the cyclone chamber 5.

Die Düsen 40 und 41 sind zur Innenwand der Zyklonkammer 5 im Wesentlichen tangential ausgerichtet, so dass sich bei Betrieb der Düsen 40 eine Drehbewegung des Zyklons im Uhrzeigersinn (Fig. 4) bzw. beim Beaufschlagen der Düsen 41 eine Drehbewegung des Zyklons entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn (Fig. 5) ergibt.The nozzles 40 and 41 are aligned substantially tangentially to the inner wall of the cyclone chamber 5, so that during operation of the nozzles 40, a rotational movement of the cyclone in a clockwise direction (FIG. Fig. 4 ) or when applying the nozzles 41, a rotational movement of the cyclone counterclockwise ( Fig. 5 ).

Bei den Ausführungsformen der Fig. 2 und 3 einerseits, sowie der Fig. 4 und 5 andererseits ist auch in Betracht gezogen, dass übereinander mehrere Paare von Düsenstöcken 30 und 31 sowie Sätze von Düsen 40 und 41 in verschiedenen Höhen der Zyklonkammer 5 angeordnet sind.In the embodiments of the FIGS. 2 and 3 on the one hand, and the 4 and 5 On the other hand, it is also contemplated that a plurality of pairs of nozzle bars 30 and 31 and sets of nozzles 40 and 41 are arranged at different heights of the cyclone chamber 5 on top of each other.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung und die Beaufschlagung von Düsenstöcken 30, 31 bzw. Düsen 40, 41 mit Luft ergeben sich beim Ausführen des Verfahrens der Erfindung ebenso wie beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung der Erfindung erhebliche Vorteile beim Nachverbrennen im Zyklon in der Zyklonkammer 5, da die Drehrichtung umgedreht werden kann, einerseits, und durch Wahl der Stärke/Geschwindigkeit, mit der Luft aus den Düsenstöcken 30, 31 bzw. Düsen 40, 41 austritt auch eine Einstellung der Art des Zyklons, nämlich turbulent oder eine reine Wirbelschicht, andererseits.The inventive arrangement and the admission of nozzle sticks 30, 31 and nozzles 40, 41 with air result in carrying out the method of the invention, as well as during operation of the device of the invention, considerable advantages in afterburning in the cyclone in the cyclone chamber 5, since the direction of rotation can be reversed, on the one hand, and by selecting the strength / speed, with the air from the nozzle sticks 30, 31 and nozzles 40, 41 also exits an adjustment of the type of cyclone, namely turbulent or a pure fluidized bed, on the other.

Durch Ändern der Tangentialgeschwindigkeit in der Zyklonkammer 5 können die Parameter der Verbrennung in der Zyklonkammer 5 so eingestellt werden, dass eine optimale Verbrennung erzielt wird. So wird auch erreicht, dass in dem Rauchgas der Rohstaubgehalt verringert wird. Schließlich ergibt sich auch ein Vorteil, dass eine Reinigung der Feuerbox erreicht werden kann.By changing the tangential velocity in the cyclone chamber 5, the parameters of the combustion in the cyclone chamber 5 can be set so that optimum combustion is achieved. This also ensures that the raw dust content in the flue gas is reduced. Finally, there is also an advantage that a cleaning of the fire box can be achieved.

Zusammenfassend kann ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wie folgt beschrieben werden:
Bei einem Verfahren zum Verbrennen fester Brennstoffe, insbesondere Biomassen, wird eine Vorrichtung verwendet, die eine Brennerkammer 1 besitzt, in der auf einen Vorschubrost 3 eine Primärverbrennung ausgeführt wird. Oberhalb der Brennerkammer 1 ist eine Zyklonkammer 5 angeordnet, in welcher eine Zyklonverbrennung ausgeführt wird. In der Zyklonkammer 5 wird eine Drehbewegung der Rauchgase und in dieser enthaltener Feststoffe bewirkt, wodurch Feststoffe nach außen gedrückt werden und, wenn sie nicht in der Zyklonverbrennung verbrennen, über Leitungen 52 zurück in die Brennerkammer 1 in den Bereich unterhalb des Vorschubrostes 3 geleitet werden.In summary, an embodiment of the invention can be described as follows:
In a method for burning solid fuels, in particular biomasses, a device is used which has a burner chamber 1 in which a primary combustion is carried out on a feed grate 3. Above the burner chamber 1, a cyclone chamber 5 is arranged, in which a cyclone combustion is performed. In the cyclone chamber 5 a rotational movement of the flue gases and solids contained therein is effected, whereby solids are pressed to the outside and, if they do not burn in the cyclone combustion, are passed via lines 52 back into the burner chamber 1 in the area below the feed grate 3.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for combusting solid fuels, in particular agricultural and forestry biomass, as well as special fuels, wherein primary combustion is carried out in a chamber (1) with a feed grid (3) as feed grid combustion, wherein secondary combustion is carried out as cyclone combustion in a cyclone chamber (5), wherein the cyclone combustion is carried out above the primary combustion, wherein solid, in particular dust-like, combustion residues from the region of secondary combustion are conducted directly into the region of primary combustion, in that combustion residues are extracted from the outer region of the secondary combustion and are conducted from the region of secondary combustion by at least one conduit (52) into the chamber (1) with feed grid combustion, characterized in that the combustion residues are conducted into the region beneath the feed grid (3).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cyclone combustion is carried out above primary combustion with a substantially perpendicular axis of the rotational movement.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that air is injected in an alternating manner into cyclone combustion from two of four nozzle assemblies arranged in a distributed manner over the circumference of the chamber of cyclone combustion, wherein the two nozzle assemblies are disposed diametrically opposite each other.
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that air is injected in an alternating manner into cyclone combustion with equal or different intensity from nozzles of a set of two sets of nozzles, wherein the air flows emerging from the nozzles of the two sets are oriented in an oppositely tangential manner or substantially tangentially.
  5. Device for carrying out the method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, comprising a chamber (1) in which a feed grid (3) for carrying out feed grid combustion is provided and a cyclone chamber (5) with perpendicular axis (7) in which cyclone combustion is carried out, wherein the cyclone chamber (5) for cyclone combustion and the chamber (1) with feed grid combustion are in connection with each other by a connecting opening (15), wherein the cyclone chamber (5) is connected via at least one conduit (52) to the chamber (1) with the feed grid combustion, characterized in that the conduit (52) opens into the cinder chamber beneath the feed grid (3).
  6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting opening (15) between the chamber (1) for feed grid combustion and the cyclone chamber (5) for cyclone combustion has a cross-sectional area which is smaller in relation to the cross-sectional area of the cyclone chamber (5).
  7. Device according to one of the claims 5 or 6, characterized in that a device (13) for supplying solid fuels (11) is associated with the feed grid (3) in the combustion chamber (1) for primary combustion.
  8. Device according to one of the claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a first set of nozzles (40), which are oriented essentially tangentially, is provided in the wall of the cyclone chamber (5) on the one hand, and a second set of nozzles (41), which are oriented essentially tangentially to the cyclone chamber (5), on the other hand, and that the nozzles (40) of the first set and the nozzles (41) of the second set are oriented in opposite directions.
  9. Device according to one of the claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion, with distance from the connecting opening (15) between the chamber for the feed grid combustion and the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion, comprises an inwardly facing, inwardly protruding rib (23), in particular an annular rib.
  10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the conduit (52) originates from the section of the cyclone chamber (5) which is provided above the rib (23).
  11. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least one nozzle for the supply of the air into the cyclone chamber (5) for cyclone combustion opens tangentially into the region (17) between the connecting opening (15) and the rib (23).
EP11169539.1A 2010-09-06 2011-06-10 Method and device for combusting solid fuels Active EP2426414B1 (en)

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DE102013207724A1 (en) 2013-04-26 2014-10-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Combustion plant with improved ventilation and cyclonic combustion chamber
CN104033885B (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-06-08 天津市星拓科技发展有限公司 A kind of biomass burner and using method thereof
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