EP2422421A1 - Installation de production d'énergie, en particulier une éolienne - Google Patents

Installation de production d'énergie, en particulier une éolienne

Info

Publication number
EP2422421A1
EP2422421A1 EP10720533A EP10720533A EP2422421A1 EP 2422421 A1 EP2422421 A1 EP 2422421A1 EP 10720533 A EP10720533 A EP 10720533A EP 10720533 A EP10720533 A EP 10720533A EP 2422421 A1 EP2422421 A1 EP 2422421A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactive current
generator
network
power
drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10720533A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Hehenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2422421A1 publication Critical patent/EP2422421A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1885—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using rotating means, e.g. synchronous generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy production plant, in particular wind turbine, with a drive shaft connected to a rotor, a generator and a differential gear with three inputs or outputs, wherein a first drive with the drive shaft, an output with a generator and a second drive with a connected to the electric differential drive, and wherein the differential drive is connected via a frequency converter to a network.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating such a power generation plant.
  • Wind power plants are becoming increasingly important as electricity generation plants. As a result, the percentage of electricity generated by wind is continuously increasing. This, in turn, requires new standards in terms of power quality (in particular with regard to reactive current regulation and behavior of the wind power plants in the event of voltage dips in the grid) and, on the other hand, a trend towards even larger wind turbines. At the same time, there is a trend towards offshore wind turbines, which require system sizes of at least 5 MW of installed capacity. Due to the high costs for infrastructure and maintenance of wind turbines in the offshore sector, both the efficiency and manufacturing costs of the plants, with the associated use of medium-voltage synchronous generators, gain in importance here.
  • WO2004 / 109157 A1 shows a complex, hydrostatic "multi-way" concept with several parallel differential stages and several switchable couplings, which makes it possible to switch between the individual paths With the technical solution shown, the power and thus the losses of the hydrostatics can be reduced.
  • a major disadvantage, however, is the complicated structure of the entire unit. The electrical energy fed into the network comes exclusively from the synchronous generator driven by the differential system.
  • EP 1283359 A1 shows a 1-stage and a multi-stage differential gear with electric differential drive, which drives via frequency converter mechanically connected to the grid-connected synchronous generator, electric machine.
  • the electrical energy fed into the network also comes in this example exclusively from the synchronous generator driven by the differential system.
  • WO 2006/010190 A1 shows the drive train of a wind power plant with electric differential drive with frequency converter, which is connected in parallel with the synchronous generator to the grid.
  • the object of the invention is to obviate the abovementioned disadvantages as far as possible and to provide an energy production plant which has the best possible power quality both for the individual energy production plant, in particular wind power plant, and for e.g. guaranteed a wind farm.
  • This object is achieved in a method of the aforementioned type according to the invention in that the reactive current of the frequency converter is controlled.
  • FIG. 5 shows the network of a wind farm with wind turbines with a differential system according to FIG. 2, FIG.
  • Fig. 14 shows the electrical harmonics of a medium voltage synchronous generator with active harmonic filtering with a frequency converter.
  • the power of the rotor of a wind turbine is calculated from the formula
  • Rotor power Rotor area * Power coefficient * Wind speed3 * Air density / 2
  • Fig. 1 shows the ratios for rotor power, rotor speed, high-speed number and power coefficient for a given speed range of the rotor or an optimal speed number of 8.0-8.5. It can be seen from the graph that as soon as the high-speed number deviates from its optimum value of 8.0-8.5, the coefficient of performance decreases and, according to the above-mentioned formula, the rotor power is reduced according to the aerodynamic characteristic of the rotor.
  • Fig. 2 shows a possible principle of a differential system for a wind turbine consisting of a differential stage 3 or 11 to 13, an adjustment gear stage 4 and an electric differential drive 6.
  • the rotor 1 of the wind turbine on the drive shaft 9 for the main transmission 2 sits, drives the main transmission 2.
  • the main transmission 2 is a 3-stage transmission with two planetary stages and a spur gear.
  • the generator 8 preferably a third-excited medium voltage synchronous generator - is connected to the ring gear 13 of the differential stage 3 and is driven by this.
  • the pinion 11 of the differential stage 3 is connected to the differential drive 6.
  • the speed of the differential drive 6 is controlled to one hand, to ensure a constant speed of the generator 8 at variable speed of the rotor 1 and on the other hand to regulate the torque in the complete drive train of the wind turbine.
  • a 2-stage differential gear is selected in the case shown, which provides an adjustment gear stage 4 in the form of a spur gear between differential stage 3 and differential drive 6.
  • Differential stage 3 and adaptation gear stage 4 thus form the 2-stage differential gear.
  • the differential drive is a three-phase machine, which is connected via frequency converter 7 and transformer 5 parallel to the generator 8 to the network 10.
  • Torque differential drive torque rotor * y / x
  • the size factor y / x is a measure of the necessary design torque of the differential drive.
  • the power of the differential drive is substantially proportional to the product of percent deviation of the rotor speed from its base speed times rotor power, the base speed being that speed of the rotor of the wind turbine where the differential drive is at rest, i. the speed is zero. Accordingly, a large speed range basically requires a correspondingly large dimensioning of the differential drive.
  • Fig. 3 can be seen by way of example the speed or power ratios for a differential stage according to the prior art.
  • the speed of the generator is determined by the
  • Basic speed motor-driven and in the range greater than the basic speed operated as a generator As a result, power is fed into the differential stage in the motor area and power is taken from the differential stage in the generator area. In the case of an electric differential drive, this power is preferably taken from the network or fed into it.
  • Fig. 4 shows how wind farm nets connecting a large number of wind turbines are usually constructed. For simplicity, only three wind turbines are shown here, and depending on the size of the wind farm, for example, up to 100 or even more wind turbines can be connected in a wind farm network.
  • Several low-voltage wind turbines with a rated voltage of eg 690VAC (usually equipped with so-called double-fed three-phase machines or three-phase machines with full inverters) feed via the plant transformer into a busbar with a voltage level of, for example, 2OkV.
  • a wind park transformer which increases the wind farm medium voltage to a mains voltage of, for example, 11OkV.
  • the control of each individual wind turbine calculates the reactive current component required for, for example, the power fluctuation for power fluctuation-related compensation of the wind farm network, and can pass this to the reactive power control of the wind turbine as an additional reactive power requirement.
  • a central control unit this calculate the reactive power required for the wind farm grid, and pass it on to the individual wind turbines as demand (reactive current setpoint) according to a defined distribution key.
  • This central control unit is then preferably located near the grid feed-in point, and calculates from measured wind farm power and / or measured mains voltage required for a constant voltage reactive power demand.
  • Fig. 6 shows the typical behavior of a third-excited synchronous generator at a setpoint jump for the reactive current to be supplied.
  • the idle power requirement is changed from OA to 4OA, resulting in an immediate increase in the excitation voltage in the synchronous generator. It takes about 6 seconds for the reactive current to settle to the required level of 4OA.
  • the generator voltage changes according to the self-adjusting reactive current.
  • Fig. 7 shows a similar picture for a power jump of the wind turbine from 60% to 100% of the rated power at time 1, 0.
  • the exciter machine takes approx. 5 seconds until the reactive current levels off again approximately to the original setpoint value of OA.
  • the generator voltage also oscillates here according to the self-adjusting reactive current. In this case, improvements can still be achieved with an optimally coordinated regulation of the exciter voltage, but the behavior shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is not sufficient to meet the ever-increasing demands on the current quality. For this reason, it is necessary to achieve improvements in dynamic reactive current compensation.
  • An essential feature of electric differential drives according to FIG. 2 in comparison to hydrostatic or hydrodynamic differential drives is the direct power flow from the differential drive 6 via frequency converter 7 into the network.
  • These frequency converters are preferably so-called IGBT converters in which the reactive power delivered into the network or the reactive power received by the network is freely adjustable.
  • IGBT converters in which the reactive power delivered into the network or the reactive power received by the network is freely adjustable.
  • highly dynamic frequency converters are used, which feed large amounts of reactive current (even up to, for example, rated current of the frequency converter, or even at a reduced frequency of the frequency converter) into the network or remove it from the grid within extremely short times.
  • reactive current even up to, for example, rated current of the frequency converter, or even at a reduced frequency of the frequency converter
  • the necessary capacity of the capacitors 21 to be used is calculated from the sum of the energy required for the drive of the differential drive during a power failure. It should be noted that the intermediate circuit memory 20 must both supply energy and store energy, it is not known which request will arrive first. That Preferably, the intermediate circuit memory 20 is partially charged, then in this state, sufficient capacity bezügl. maximum necessary delivery volume and maximum storage volume must be available.
  • MW wind turbine rated power
  • at least 2OkJ / MW rated wind turbine capacity
  • the required storage energy is reduced to approx. 1/3 of the above-mentioned minimum required storage energy of approx. 8kJ / MW (rated wind turbine capacity), ie approx. 2.5kJ / MW (rated wind turbine capacity).
  • DC link memory is equipped with capacitors, it can be designed according to the following formula:
  • the intermediate circuit memory 20 In normal operation of the system, that is, if neither LVRT events nor HVRT events take place, the intermediate circuit memory 20 will be charged depending on the operating condition of the system between 20% and 80% of its usable storage energy, while such a state of charge sufficient capacity for all conceivable operating conditions is available.
  • DC intermediate circuit 18 can replace the intermediate circuit memory 20.
  • DC link memory 20 It could also be an energy storage used as a DC link memory 20 which is designed so large that it can not only take over the above-mentioned function of the intermediate circuit memory 20 but at the same time also the function of an energy storage for the supply of other technical facilities of the wind turbine, such as Rotorblattverstellsystem.
  • the frequency converter 15 has the necessary for the appropriate charge of the intermediate circuit memory 20 control.
  • the voltage of the intermediate circuit memory 20 is measured.
  • the intermediate circuit memory 20 can also be charged by means of a separate charging device.
  • Fig. 13 shows a known method, the so-called frequency domain method, with the stages transformation of the coordinate system, filters, regulators, limiters, decoupling / pre-rotation and Back transformation of the coordinate system. This makes it possible to generate harmonic currents through the frequency converter, which are out of phase with the measured currents, and thus to selectively compensate harmonics in the mains current.
  • harmonics of the generator may also be present in the network, which may be e.g. come from the frequency converter itself or otherwise arise and which also reduce the power quality. By measuring the mains voltage, all harmonics are detected and can be taken into account during active filtering.
  • Fig. 14 shows the substantial improvement of the harmonic spectrum with the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 13th order active-filtered harmonics.
  • the quality of the improvement depends on the so-called clock frequency of the frequency converter, with better results at higher clock frequencies.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation de production d'énergie, en particulier une éolienne, comprenant un arbre d'entraînement (1) relié à un rotor, un générateur (8) et un différentiel (11 à 13) doté de trois entraînements ou sorties, un premier entraînement étant relié à l'arbre d'entraînement, une sortie à un générateur (8) et un second entraînement à un entraînement de différentiel (6, 14) électrique. L'entraînement de différentiel (6, 14) est relié à un réseau (10) par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur de fréquence (7, 15), le courant réactif du convertisseur de fréquence (7, 15) pouvant être régulé.
EP10720533A 2009-04-20 2010-04-20 Installation de production d'énergie, en particulier une éolienne Withdrawn EP2422421A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0060609A AT508182B1 (de) 2009-04-20 2009-04-20 Verfahren zum betreiben einer energiegewinnungsanlage, insbesondere windkraftanlage
PCT/EP2010/002406 WO2010121782A1 (fr) 2009-04-20 2010-04-20 Installation de production d'énergie, en particulier une éolienne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2422421A1 true EP2422421A1 (fr) 2012-02-29

Family

ID=42735280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10720533A Withdrawn EP2422421A1 (fr) 2009-04-20 2010-04-20 Installation de production d'énergie, en particulier une éolienne

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20120032443A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2422421A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20110137803A (fr)
CN (1) CN102405574A (fr)
AT (1) AT508182B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2010238786A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1009908A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2759250A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010121782A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8198743B2 (en) * 2009-09-11 2012-06-12 Honeywell International, Inc. Multi-stage controlled frequency generator for direct-drive wind power
RU2014129880A (ru) 2011-12-21 2016-02-10 Конинклейке Филипс Н.В. Управляемый полимерный актюатор
AT514239B1 (de) * 2013-04-18 2015-02-15 Set Sustainable Energy Technologies Gmbh Antrieb und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Antriebs
AT514281A3 (de) * 2013-05-17 2015-10-15 Gerald Dipl Ing Hehenberger Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Triebstranges und Triebstrang
DE102013215398A1 (de) 2013-08-06 2015-02-12 Wobben Properties Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern von Windenergieanlagen
DE102013218645B3 (de) * 2013-09-17 2015-01-22 Senvion Se Verfahren und Anordnung zum Ermitteln der elektrischen Eigenschaften einer Windenergieanlage
US9458830B2 (en) * 2014-09-05 2016-10-04 General Electric Company System and method for improving reactive current response time in a wind turbine
DE102016108394A1 (de) * 2016-05-06 2017-11-09 Wobben Properties Gmbh Verfahren zur Kompensation von einzuspeisenden Strömen eines Windparks

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1283359A1 (fr) 2001-08-10 2003-02-12 RWE Piller Gmbh Centrale d'énergie éolienne
ES2627818T3 (es) * 2001-09-28 2017-07-31 Wobben Properties Gmbh Procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un parque eólico
GB0313345D0 (en) 2003-06-10 2003-07-16 Hicks R J Variable ratio gear
DE10335575B4 (de) * 2003-07-31 2005-10-06 Siemens Ag Notbetriebseinrichtung zur Verstellung von Rotorblättern für eine Windkraftanlage
US6924565B2 (en) * 2003-08-18 2005-08-02 General Electric Company Continuous reactive power support for wind turbine generators
DE10344392A1 (de) * 2003-09-25 2005-06-02 Repower Systems Ag Windenergieanlage mit einem Blindleistungsmodul zur Netzstützung und Verfahren dazu
DE10360462A1 (de) * 2003-12-22 2005-07-14 Repower Systems Ag Windenergieanlage mit einer eigenversorgten Stuereinrichtung mit einem Wirkleistungs- und Blindleistungsregelmodul
AT504818A1 (de) * 2004-07-30 2008-08-15 Windtec Consulting Gmbh Triebstrang einer windkraftanlage
DE102006040929B4 (de) * 2006-08-31 2009-11-19 Nordex Energy Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Windenergieanlage mit einem Synchrongenerator und einem Überlagerungsgetriebe
US7642666B2 (en) * 2006-11-02 2010-01-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Wind power generation apparatus, wind power generation system and power system control apparatus
AT504395B1 (de) * 2006-11-21 2009-05-15 Amsc Windtec Gmbh Ausgleichsgetriebe einer windkraftanlage und verfahren zum ändern oder umschalten des leistungsbereichs dieses ausgleichsgetriebes
JP4501958B2 (ja) * 2007-05-09 2010-07-14 株式会社日立製作所 風力発電システムおよびその制御方法
US8442698B2 (en) * 2009-01-30 2013-05-14 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods and apparatus for design and control of multi-port power electronic interface for renewable energy sources

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120032443A1 (en) 2012-02-09
BRPI1009908A2 (pt) 2016-03-15
CN102405574A (zh) 2012-04-04
AU2010238786A1 (en) 2011-12-01
AT508182A1 (de) 2010-11-15
KR20110137803A (ko) 2011-12-23
CA2759250A1 (fr) 2010-10-28
WO2010121782A1 (fr) 2010-10-28
AT508182B1 (de) 2011-09-15

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