EP2420789B1 - Air-cooled heat exchanger provided with a rigid panel forming a windbreak - Google Patents

Air-cooled heat exchanger provided with a rigid panel forming a windbreak Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2420789B1
EP2420789B1 EP10305902.8A EP10305902A EP2420789B1 EP 2420789 B1 EP2420789 B1 EP 2420789B1 EP 10305902 A EP10305902 A EP 10305902A EP 2420789 B1 EP2420789 B1 EP 2420789B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ventilation structure
air
rigid panel
heat exchanger
ventilation
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EP10305902.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2420789A1 (en
Inventor
Serge Blockerye
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Laborelec CVBA
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Laborelec CVBA
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Priority to EP10305902.8A priority Critical patent/EP2420789B1/en
Priority to US13/212,332 priority patent/US8776545B2/en
Publication of EP2420789A1 publication Critical patent/EP2420789A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of heat exchangers cooled by air.
  • the field of application of the invention is in particular, but not exclusively, that of air-cooled condensers of thermal power plants.
  • Air-cooled condensers also known as air-cooled condensers or ACCs
  • CCAs are advantageous alternatives to water-cooled condensers.
  • ACCs do not release water vapor into the atmosphere, are of limited height, and do not require proximity to a source of cold water (river or canal). ).
  • an ACC is composed of a plurality of ventilation modules arranged in several parallel rows, adjacent to each other and arranged in the same horizontal plane to form a ventilation structure which is spaced from the ground.
  • Each fan module has a fan for drawing air from below the ventilation structure and blowing it vertically through heat exchange tubes in which the steam from the low-pressure turbine of the thermal power station.
  • the efficiency of a thermal power station depends on the efficiency of the CCA heat transfer.
  • ACCs are very sensitive to external weather conditions that can significantly degrade their performance in terms of heat transfer and vacuum obtained within the condenser (also called backpressure turbine). This is the case for example when the surrounding temperature is high, when the winds intensify or when a recirculation of hot air is created.
  • some obstacles such as surrounding buildings, steam pipes, tanks, etc. can influence the circulation of air at the entrance of the ACC and cause hot air recirculation.
  • hot air coming out of the ACC can be redirected to the ACC inlet and thus sucked back by the fans.
  • windbreaks consists of a cross-shaped panel which is installed under the ventilation structure to divide the fan intake space into several partitioned areas with respect to one another.
  • This type of windshield that extends vertically from the ground has the effect that the wind flowing under the ventilation structure tends to be deflected by the windshield and directed vertically to the fans.
  • the main object of the present invention is therefore to overcome such disadvantages by proposing an air-cooled heat exchanger whose efficiency is only slightly affected by the surrounding weather conditions, and in particular by the presence of winds.
  • an air-cooled heat exchanger comprising a plurality of ventilation modules arranged in several parallel rows, adjacent to each other and arranged in the same horizontal plane to form a ventilation structure. carried by vertical feet so as to be raised above the ground so as to allow an air flow under the ventilation structure, each ventilation module having a fan directed to suck air present below the structure of ventilation and blow it vertically through heat exchange elements, where it further comprises at least one rigid windshield panel which extends vertically from a lateral edge of the ventilation structure to the ground over a height characterized in that the height is between 5 and 50% of the distance separating the ventilation structure from the ground.
  • the presence of the rigid panel according to the invention also improves the performance of the heat exchanger cooled by air even when the wind is zero. Potential recirculations of air are also reduced. Indeed, the presence of this rigid panel creates an additional obstacle to a possible aspiration of the hot air leaving the exchanger, which limits the degradation of performance due to the presence of an air made warmer at the entrance of this exchanger.
  • the exchanger is devoid of wind deflection member between the ground and a lower end of the rigid panel forming windbreak.
  • the rigid windshield panel is disposed on the side of the ventilation structure which is the most exposed to the wind.
  • the ventilation structure may have a substantially rectangular shape, the rigid windshield panel extending on one side of said ventilation structure.
  • the exchanger may comprise rigid windshield panels extending over two, three or four sides of the ventilation structure.
  • the exchanger further comprises at least one additional rigid panel extending vertically from a side edge of the ventilation structure upwardly.
  • the exchanger can constitute an air-cooled condenser of a thermal power station.
  • the invention is applicable to various types of air-cooled heat exchangers, and in particular to air-cooled condensers of thermal power plants such as that illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 and 2 .
  • the air-cooled condenser 1 comprises in particular a ventilation structure 100 and a structure 200 carrying heat exchange elements disposed above the ventilation structure.
  • the ventilation structure 100 which has a substantially rectangular shape is carried by vertical feet 102 so as to be raised relative to the ground S (a height H up to 60m).
  • the space E formed between the floor S and the underside of the ventilation structure allows the air to circulate freely.
  • the ventilation structure 100 consists of several rows of ventilation modules 104 which are arranged in parallel and adjacent to each other, each ventilation module 104 comprising a fan 106 with a vertical axis of rotation 108.
  • the rows of these ventilation modules 104 are arranged in the same horizontal plane.
  • the structure 200 carrying heat exchange elements is known per se and therefore will not be described in detail.
  • this structure 200 can support a plurality of bundles of tubes 202 disposed above the ventilation modules 104 and each containing a plurality of finned tubes 204 in which the steam to be condensed.
  • the latter is for example conveyed from a low-pressure turbine 206 of the thermal power plant via a main conduit 208.
  • the operation of such an air-cooled condenser is as follows.
  • the steam to be condensed from the low-pressure turbine 206 of the thermal power plant is conveyed through the main duct 208 and flows transversely in the finned tubes 204 positioned in the bundles of tubes 202.
  • the fans 106 of the ventilation modules are directed from so as to suck the air flowing in the space E and to blow it vertically on the tube bundles enclosing the finned tubes 204 in order to achieve the heat exchange and thus condense the steam flowing in these tubes.
  • the water resulting from the condensation of the steam is evacuated via another circuit (not shown in the figures) for recycling.
  • the air cooled condenser 1 further comprises a rigid windshield panel 300 which extends vertically from a lateral edge of the ventilation structure towards the ground over a height h of between 5 and 50% of the distance separating the ventilation structure 100 from the ground S (and which corresponds to the height H defined above).
  • Such a rigid panel 300 has several features. It is especially made of a material that makes it rigid, as opposed to a flexible panel as obtained from fabric for example.
  • this rigid panel may be made of various materials (metal, synthetic or other). The surface of the panel may be smooth or provided with reliefs.
  • the material used to make the rigid panel may have any elasticity (for example, a very thin metal sheet which is deformed under the effect of the wind and which returns to its original shape in the absence of wind can be used) .
  • the rigid panel 300 extends over a whole lateral edge of the ventilation structure 100. If the ventilation structure has a rectangle shape as illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , the rigid panel extends on one of the sides of the rectangle.
  • this side is chosen to correspond to the side of the ventilation structure 100 which is normally the most exposed to the wind (compared to the other sides).
  • the air-cooled condenser 1 comprises several rigid panels 300 which extend over the entire periphery of the ventilation structure, that is to say that each side of the ventilation structure comprises such a rigid panel.
  • each rigid panel 300 extends vertically from the underside of the ventilation structure and down to the ground S.
  • the height h on which each panel extends vertically is between 5 and 50% - and preferably between 25 and 35% of the height H.
  • the air-cooled condenser according to the invention is preferably devoid of any panel or other wind deflecting member between the lower limit of the rigid panels 300 and the ground S.
  • the air-cooled condenser according to the invention is devoid of panel or other wind deflection member that can be disposed between its side edges.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B show the effect of the presence of a rigid panel 300 on the air flow of the fans 106 of a ventilation structure of an air-cooled condenser, this ventilation structure being for example composed of thirty-six fans.
  • a rigid panel 300 having the features of the invention is mounted on the side of the ventilation structure which is directly exposed to the wind. It is found that the presence of such a rigid panel can significantly reduce the degradation of the air flow sucked by the fans, and this from the first row (that is to say, that is directly behind the rigid panel) . In addition, the wind speed affects the performance of the fans much less thanks to the presence of the rigid panel according to the invention.
  • the air-cooled condenser 1 'further comprises at least one additional rigid panel 400 which extends vertically from a side edge of the ventilation structure upward (i.e. opposite to the rigid panel 300).
  • this additional panel 400 extends over the entire height on which extend vertically the bundles of tubes 202 disposed above the ventilation modules 104 and each containing the finned tubes in which the steam to be condensed.
  • the rigid panel 300 it is advantageous to have such additional panels on the entire periphery of the ventilation structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine général des échangeurs de chaleur refroidis par air.The present invention relates to the general field of heat exchangers cooled by air.

Le domaine d'application de l'invention est notamment, mais non exclusivement, celui des condenseurs refroidis par air de centrales thermiques.The field of application of the invention is in particular, but not exclusively, that of air-cooled condensers of thermal power plants.

Les condenseurs refroidis par air (également appelés aérocondenseurs ou ACC pour « Air-Cooled Condenser ») sont notamment utilisés dans les centrales thermiques de production d'électricité pour condenser la vapeur issue de la turbine basse-pression de la centrale. Les ACC représentent des alternatives avantageuses aux condenseurs refroidis par eau. En particulier, contrairement aux condenseurs refroidis par eau, les ACC ne libèrent pas dans l'atmosphère de vapeur d'eau, sont d'une hauteur limitée, et ne nécessitent pas la proximité d'une source d'eau froide (rivière ou canal).Air-cooled condensers (also known as air-cooled condensers or ACCs) are particularly used in thermal power generation plants to condense the steam from the low-pressure turbine of the plant. CCAs are advantageous alternatives to water-cooled condensers. In particular, unlike water-cooled condensers, ACCs do not release water vapor into the atmosphere, are of limited height, and do not require proximity to a source of cold water (river or canal). ).

Typiquement, un ACC se compose d'une pluralité de modules de ventilation arrangés en plusieurs rangées parallèles, adjacentes les unes aux autres et disposées dans un même plan horizontal pour former un structure de ventilation qui est espacée du sol. Chaque module de ventilation comporte un ventilateur permettant d'aspirer de l'air présent en dessous de la structure de ventilation et de le souffler verticalement au travers de tubes d'échange de chaleur dans lesquels circule la vapeur issue de la turbine basse-pression de la centrale thermique.Typically, an ACC is composed of a plurality of ventilation modules arranged in several parallel rows, adjacent to each other and arranged in the same horizontal plane to form a ventilation structure which is spaced from the ground. Each fan module has a fan for drawing air from below the ventilation structure and blowing it vertically through heat exchange tubes in which the steam from the low-pressure turbine of the thermal power station.

Le rendement d'une centrale thermique dépend de l'efficacité du transfert de chaleur des ACC. Or, il a été constaté que les ACC sont très sensibles aux conditions météorologiques extérieures qui peuvent dégrader considérablement leur performance en termes de transfert de chaleur et de vide obtenu au sein du condenseur (aussi appelé contre-pression turbine). Ceci est le cas par exemple lorsque la température environnante est élevée, lorsque les vents s'intensifient ou lorsque se créée une recirculation d'air chaud.The efficiency of a thermal power station depends on the efficiency of the CCA heat transfer. However, it has been found that ACCs are very sensitive to external weather conditions that can significantly degrade their performance in terms of heat transfer and vacuum obtained within the condenser (also called backpressure turbine). This is the case for example when the surrounding temperature is high, when the winds intensify or when a recirculation of hot air is created.

Plus précisément, il a été constaté que les performances d'un ACC sont d'autant plus dégradées que le vent est fort. En effet, des vents forts circulant sous la structure de ventilation créent des chutes de pression locales sous les ventilateurs qui diminuent le débit d'air aspiré par ces derniers, rendant ainsi l'échange thermique moins efficace. La direction du vent joue également un rôle important dans la mesure où, en fonction du site d'implantation de la centrale, des vents dominants peuvent être présents.Specifically, it has been found that the performance of an ACC are all the more degraded as the wind is strong. Indeed, strong winds circulating under the ventilation structure create local pressure drops under the fans which reduce the air flow sucked by the latter, thus making the heat exchange less efficient. The direction of the wind also plays an important role in that, depending on the location of the plant, prevailing winds may be present.

En outre, certains obstacles tels que les bâtiments environnants, conduites de vapeur, réservoirs, etc. peuvent influencer la circulation de l'air à l'entrée de l'ACC et être à l'origine de recirculations d'air chaud. En particulier, de l'air chaud sortant de l'ACC peut être redirigé vers l'entrée de l'ACC et donc aspiré à nouveau par les ventilateurs.In addition, some obstacles such as surrounding buildings, steam pipes, tanks, etc. can influence the circulation of air at the entrance of the ACC and cause hot air recirculation. In particular, hot air coming out of the ACC can be redirected to the ACC inlet and thus sucked back by the fans.

Pour répondre à ces problèmes, différents panneaux formant pare-vent ont été développés. L'un des pare-vent connus consiste en un panneau ayant la forme d'une croix qui est installé sous la structure de ventilation pour diviser l'espace d'aspiration des ventilateurs en plusieurs zones cloisonnées les unes par rapport aux autres. Ce type de pare-vent qui s'étend verticalement depuis le sol a pour effet que le vent circulant sous la structure de ventilation a tendance à être dévié par le pare-vent et dirigé verticalement vers les ventilateurs.To answer these problems, various panels forming windbreak have been developed. One of the known windbreaks consists of a cross-shaped panel which is installed under the ventilation structure to divide the fan intake space into several partitioned areas with respect to one another. This type of windshield that extends vertically from the ground has the effect that the wind flowing under the ventilation structure tends to be deflected by the windshield and directed vertically to the fans.

Bien qu'une telle solution permette d'améliorer l'efficacité des ACC en réduisant les effets néfastes des vents forts, elle n'est toutefois pas pleinement satisfaisante.While such a solution can improve CCA efficiency by reducing the adverse effects of strong winds, it is not fully satisfactory.

US2009/01 65993 , DE202004012838 et US3939906 divulguent différents échangeurs de chaleur refroidis par air. US2009 / 0165993 , DE202004012838 and US3939906 disclose different air-cooled heat exchangers.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionObject and summary of the invention

La présente invention a donc pour but principal de pallier de tels inconvénients en proposant un échangeur de chaleur refroidi par air dont l'efficacité n'est que faiblement affectée par les conditions météorologiques environnantes, et notamment par la présence de vents.The main object of the present invention is therefore to overcome such disadvantages by proposing an air-cooled heat exchanger whose efficiency is only slightly affected by the surrounding weather conditions, and in particular by the presence of winds.

Ce but est atteint grâce à un échangeur de chaleur refroidi par air comprenant une pluralité de modules de ventilation arrangés en plusieurs rangées parallèles, adjacentes les unes aux autres et disposées dans un même plan horizontal pour former une structure de ventilation portée par des pieds verticaux de sorte à être surélevée par rapport au sol de sorte à autoriser une circulation d'air sous la structure de ventilation, chaque module de ventilation comportant un ventilateur dirigé pour aspirer de l'air présent en dessous de la structure de ventilation et le souffler verticalement au travers d'éléments d'échange de chaleur, où il comprend en outre au moins un panneau rigide formant pare-vent qui s'étend verticalement depuis un bord latéral de la structure de ventilation vers le sol sur une hauteur caractérisé en ce que la hauteur est comprise entre 5 et 50% de la distance séparant la structure de ventilation du sol.This object is achieved by an air-cooled heat exchanger comprising a plurality of ventilation modules arranged in several parallel rows, adjacent to each other and arranged in the same horizontal plane to form a ventilation structure. carried by vertical feet so as to be raised above the ground so as to allow an air flow under the ventilation structure, each ventilation module having a fan directed to suck air present below the structure of ventilation and blow it vertically through heat exchange elements, where it further comprises at least one rigid windshield panel which extends vertically from a lateral edge of the ventilation structure to the ground over a height characterized in that the height is between 5 and 50% of the distance separating the ventilation structure from the ground.

La présence d'un tel panneau rigide conformément à l'invention permet de réduire la dégradation due à la présence de vent du débit d'air aspiré par les ventilateurs de l'échangeur. En effet, il a été constaté que l'ajout d'un tel panneau rigide positionné sur au moins un côté de la structure de ventilation crée une dépression juste derrière le panneau et facilite ainsi l'entraînement vertical de l'air à cet endroit (le flux d'air passe d'une direction horizontale à une direction verticale). La première rangée de modules de ventilation exposée au vent, qui est normalement la zone où le débit d'air aspiré par les ventilateurs est le plus dégradé, entraîne un plus grand débit d'air grâce à cet effet. En outre, plus la force du vent s'intensifie, plus les ventilateurs des rangées situées en aval retrouvent une partie de leurs performances initiales grâce à l'ajout d'un tel panneau rigide.The presence of such a rigid panel in accordance with the invention reduces the degradation due to the presence of wind of the air flow sucked by the fans of the exchanger. Indeed, it has been found that the addition of such a rigid panel positioned on at least one side of the ventilation structure creates a depression just behind the panel and thus facilitates the vertical entrainment of air there ( the flow of air changes from a horizontal direction to a vertical direction). The first row of vented ventilation modules, which is normally the area where the air flow sucked by the fans is the most degraded, causes a greater air flow through this effect. In addition, the more the wind force increases, the fans downstream rows find some of their initial performance through the addition of such a rigid panel.

La présence du panneau rigide selon l'invention permet également d'améliorer les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur refroidi par air même lorsque le vent est nul. Les recirculations d'air potentielles sont par ailleurs réduites. En effet, la présence de ce panneau rigide crée un obstacle supplémentaire à une aspiration possible de l'air chaud sortant de l'échangeur, ce qui limite la dégradation des performances due à la présence d'un air rendu plus chaud à l'entrée de cet échangeur.The presence of the rigid panel according to the invention also improves the performance of the heat exchanger cooled by air even when the wind is zero. Potential recirculations of air are also reduced. Indeed, the presence of this rigid panel creates an additional obstacle to a possible aspiration of the hot air leaving the exchanger, which limits the degradation of performance due to the presence of an air made warmer at the entrance of this exchanger.

De préférence, l'échangeur est dépourvu d'organe de déflection du vent entre le sol et une extrémité inférieure du panneau rigide formant pare-vent.Preferably, the exchanger is devoid of wind deflection member between the ground and a lower end of the rigid panel forming windbreak.

De préférence encore, le panneau rigide formant pare-vent est disposé du côté de la structure de ventilation qui est le plus exposé au vent.More preferably, the rigid windshield panel is disposed on the side of the ventilation structure which is the most exposed to the wind.

La structure de ventilation peut présenter une forme sensiblement rectangulaire, le panneau rigide formant pare-vent s'étendant sur un côté de ladite structure de ventilation. Dans ce cas, l'échangeur peut comprendre des panneaux rigides formant pare-vent s'étendant sur deux, trois ou quatre côtés de la structure de ventilation.The ventilation structure may have a substantially rectangular shape, the rigid windshield panel extending on one side of said ventilation structure. In that case, the exchanger may comprise rigid windshield panels extending over two, three or four sides of the ventilation structure.

De préférence encore, l'échangeur comprend en outre au moins un panneau rigide supplémentaire s'étendant verticalement depuis un bord latéral de la structure de ventilation vers le haut.More preferably, the exchanger further comprises at least one additional rigid panel extending vertically from a side edge of the ventilation structure upwardly.

Enfin, l'échangeur peut constituer un condenseur refroidi à air d'une centrale thermique.Finally, the exchanger can constitute an air-cooled condenser of a thermal power station.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent des exemples de réalisation dépourvus de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique et en perspective d'un échangeur de chaleur refroidi par air selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe verticale de l'échangeur de la figure 1 ;
  • les figures 3A et 3B montrent l'effet de la présence d'un panneau rigide selon l'invention sur le débit d'air aspiré par les ventilateurs de l'échangeur ; et
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique et en perspective d'un échangeur de chaleur refroidi par air selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate embodiments having no limiting character. In the figures:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an air-cooled heat exchanger according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the heat exchanger of the figure 1 ;
  • the Figures 3A and 3B show the effect of the presence of a rigid panel according to the invention on the air flow sucked by the fans of the exchanger; and
  • the figure 4 is a schematic view in perspective of an air-cooled heat exchanger according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Description détaillée de modes de réalisationDetailed description of embodiments

L'invention est applicable à différents types d'échangeurs de chaleur refroidis par air, et notamment aux condenseurs refroidis par air de centrales thermiques tel que celui illustré sur les figures 1 et 2.The invention is applicable to various types of air-cooled heat exchangers, and in particular to air-cooled condensers of thermal power plants such as that illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 and 2 .

Le condenseur refroidi à air 1 comprend notamment une structure de ventilation 100 et une structure 200 porteuse d'éléments d'échange de chaleur disposée au-dessus de la structure de ventilation.The air-cooled condenser 1 comprises in particular a ventilation structure 100 and a structure 200 carrying heat exchange elements disposed above the ventilation structure.

La structure de ventilation 100 qui a une forme sensiblement rectangulaire est portée par des pieds 102 verticaux de sorte à être surélevée par rapport au sol S (d'une hauteur H pouvant atteindre jusqu'à 60m). L'espace E formé entre le sol S et la face inférieure de la structure de ventilation permet à l'air de circuler librement.The ventilation structure 100 which has a substantially rectangular shape is carried by vertical feet 102 so as to be raised relative to the ground S (a height H up to 60m). The space E formed between the floor S and the underside of the ventilation structure allows the air to circulate freely.

La structure de ventilation 100 se compose de plusieurs rangées de modules de ventilation 104 qui sont agencées parallèlement et adjacentes les unes aux autres, chaque module de ventilation 104 comportant un ventilateur 106 d'axe de rotation 108 vertical. Les rangées de ces modules de ventilation 104 sont disposées dans un même plan horizontal.The ventilation structure 100 consists of several rows of ventilation modules 104 which are arranged in parallel and adjacent to each other, each ventilation module 104 comprising a fan 106 with a vertical axis of rotation 108. The rows of these ventilation modules 104 are arranged in the same horizontal plane.

La structure 200 porteuse d'éléments d'échange de chaleur est connue en soi et ne sera donc pas décrite en détails. A titre d'exemple, cette structure 200 peut supporter une pluralité de faisceaux de tubes 202 disposés au-dessus des modules de ventilation 104 et renfermant chacun une pluralité de tubes à ailettes 204 dans lesquels circulent de la vapeur à condenser. Cette dernière est par exemple acheminée depuis une turbine basse-pression 206 de la centrale thermique via un conduit principal 208.The structure 200 carrying heat exchange elements is known per se and therefore will not be described in detail. For example, this structure 200 can support a plurality of bundles of tubes 202 disposed above the ventilation modules 104 and each containing a plurality of finned tubes 204 in which the steam to be condensed. The latter is for example conveyed from a low-pressure turbine 206 of the thermal power plant via a main conduit 208.

Le fonctionnement d'un tel condenseur refroidi à air est le suivant. La vapeur à condenser issue de la turbine basse-pression 206 de la centrale thermique est acheminée par le conduit principal 208 et circule transversalement dans les tubes à ailettes 204 positionnés dans les faisceaux de tubes 202. Les ventilateurs 106 des modules de ventilation sont dirigés de sorte à aspirer l'air circulant dans l'espace E et à le souffler verticalement sur les faisceaux de tubes renfermant les tubes à ailettes 204 afin de réaliser l'échange thermique et condenser ainsi la vapeur circulant dans ces tubes. L'eau issue de la condensation de la vapeur est évacuée via un autre circuit (non représenté sur les figures) pour y être recyclée.The operation of such an air-cooled condenser is as follows. The steam to be condensed from the low-pressure turbine 206 of the thermal power plant is conveyed through the main duct 208 and flows transversely in the finned tubes 204 positioned in the bundles of tubes 202. The fans 106 of the ventilation modules are directed from so as to suck the air flowing in the space E and to blow it vertically on the tube bundles enclosing the finned tubes 204 in order to achieve the heat exchange and thus condense the steam flowing in these tubes. The water resulting from the condensation of the steam is evacuated via another circuit (not shown in the figures) for recycling.

Selon l'invention, le condenseur refroidi à air 1 comprend en outre un panneau rigide 300 formant pare-vent qui s'étend verticalement depuis un bord latéral de la structure de ventilation vers le sol sur une hauteur h comprise entre 5 et 50% de la distance séparant la structure de ventilation 100 du sol S (et qui correspond à la hauteur H définie précédemment).According to the invention, the air cooled condenser 1 further comprises a rigid windshield panel 300 which extends vertically from a lateral edge of the ventilation structure towards the ground over a height h of between 5 and 50% of the distance separating the ventilation structure 100 from the ground S (and which corresponds to the height H defined above).

Un tel panneau rigide 300 présente plusieurs particularités. Il est notamment réalisé dans un matériau qui le rend rigide, par opposition à un panneau souple tel qu'obtenu à partir de tissu par exemple. A titre d'exemple, ce panneau rigide peut être réalisé en en matériaux divers (métallique, synthétique ou autres). La surface du panneau peut être lisse ou pourvue de reliefs.Such a rigid panel 300 has several features. It is especially made of a material that makes it rigid, as opposed to a flexible panel as obtained from fabric for example. By way of example, this rigid panel may be made of various materials (metal, synthetic or other). The surface of the panel may be smooth or provided with reliefs.

Bien entendu, le matériau utilisé pour réaliser le panneau rigide peut présenter une éventuelle élasticité (par exemple, une tôle métallique très fine qui se déforme sous l'effet du vent et qui reprend sa forme originelle en l'absence de vent peut être utilisée).Of course, the material used to make the rigid panel may have any elasticity (for example, a very thin metal sheet which is deformed under the effect of the wind and which returns to its original shape in the absence of wind can be used) .

De plus, le panneau rigide 300 s'étend sur tout un bord latéral de la structure de ventilation 100. Si la structure de ventilation a une forme de rectangle comme illustré sur les figures 1 et 2, le panneau rigide s'étend sur l'un des côtés du rectangle.In addition, the rigid panel 300 extends over a whole lateral edge of the ventilation structure 100. If the ventilation structure has a rectangle shape as illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , the rigid panel extends on one of the sides of the rectangle.

De préférence, ce côté est choisi de sorte à correspondre au côté de la structure de ventilation 100 qui est normalement le plus exposé au vent (en comparaison aux autres côtés).Preferably, this side is chosen to correspond to the side of the ventilation structure 100 which is normally the most exposed to the wind (compared to the other sides).

Toujours de préférence, comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, le condenseur refroidi par air 1 comprend plusieurs panneaux rigides 300 qui s'étendent sur toute la périphérie de la structure de ventilation, c'est-à-dire que chaque côté de la structure de ventilation comprend un tel panneau rigide.Always preferably, as shown on the figures 1 and 2 , the air-cooled condenser 1 comprises several rigid panels 300 which extend over the entire periphery of the ventilation structure, that is to say that each side of the ventilation structure comprises such a rigid panel.

En outre, chaque panneau rigide 300 s'étend verticalement à partir de la face inférieure de la structure de ventilation et descend vers le sol S. La hauteur h sur laquelle s'étend verticalement chaque panneau est comprise entre 5 et 50% - et de préférence entre 25 et 35% de la hauteur H.In addition, each rigid panel 300 extends vertically from the underside of the ventilation structure and down to the ground S. The height h on which each panel extends vertically is between 5 and 50% - and preferably between 25 and 35% of the height H.

On notera que le condenseur refroidi par air selon l'invention est, de préférence, dépourvu de tout panneau ou autre organe de déflection du vent entre la limite inférieure des panneaux rigides 300 et le sol S. De même, le condenseur refroidi par air selon l'invention est dépourvu de panneau ou autre organe de déflection du vent pouvant être disposé entre ses bords latéraux.Note that the air-cooled condenser according to the invention is preferably devoid of any panel or other wind deflecting member between the lower limit of the rigid panels 300 and the ground S. Similarly, the air-cooled condenser according to the invention is devoid of panel or other wind deflection member that can be disposed between its side edges.

Les figures 3A et 3B montrent l'effet de la présence d'un panneau rigide 300 sur le débit d'air des ventilateurs 106 d'une structure de ventilation d'un condenseur refroidi par air, cette structure de ventilation étant par exemple composée de trente-six ventilateurs.The Figures 3A and 3B show the effect of the presence of a rigid panel 300 on the air flow of the fans 106 of a ventilation structure of an air-cooled condenser, this ventilation structure being for example composed of thirty-six fans.

Sur ces figures, un débit d'air aspiré par un ventilateur est élevé lorsqu'il est fortement grisé. De même, un débit d'air aspiré par un ventilateur est faible lorsqu'il est peu grisé.In these figures, an air flow sucked by a fan is high when it is heavily grayed. Similarly, a flow of air drawn by a fan is low when it is light gray.

Est représenté sur la figure 3A, le débit d'air aspiré par les ventilateurs de la structure de ventilation en l'absence de panneau rigide selon l'invention pour un vent de direction F et dont la vitesse est de 2 m/s et de 10 m/s.Is represented on the figure 3A , the air flow sucked by the fans of the ventilation structure in the absence of rigid panel according to the invention for a wind direction F and whose speed is 2 m / s and 10 m / s.

Sur cette figure 3A, on constate qu'en l'absence de panneau rigide selon l'invention, le débit d'air aspiré par les ventilateurs est fortement dégradé, notamment pour les ventilateurs situés dans la rangée directement exposée au vent. On constate également que plus la vitesse du vent est élevée, plus cette dégradation est importante. Il en résulte une baisse de la performance du condenseur en cas de fort vent.On this figure 3A it is found that in the absence of rigid panel according to the invention, the air flow sucked by the fans is greatly degraded, especially for fans located in the row directly exposed to the wind. It is also noted that the higher the wind speed, the greater the degradation. This results in a decrease in the performance of the condenser in case of strong wind.

En figure 3B, un panneau rigide 300 ayant les caractéristiques de l'invention est monté sur le côté de la structure de ventilation qui est directement exposé au vent. On constate que la présence d'un tel panneau rigide permet de réduire sensiblement la dégradation du débit d'air aspiré par les ventilateurs, et ce dès la première rangée (c'est-à-dire celle qui est directement derrière le panneau rigide). De plus, la vitesse du vent affecte beaucoup moins les performances des ventilateurs grâce à la présence du panneau rigide selon l'invention.In figure 3B a rigid panel 300 having the features of the invention is mounted on the side of the ventilation structure which is directly exposed to the wind. It is found that the presence of such a rigid panel can significantly reduce the degradation of the air flow sucked by the fans, and this from the first row (that is to say, that is directly behind the rigid panel) . In addition, the wind speed affects the performance of the fans much less thanks to the presence of the rigid panel according to the invention.

En liaison avec la figure 4, on décrira maintenant une variante de réalisation du condenseur refroidi par air selon l'invention.In connection with the figure 4 an alternative embodiment of the air-cooled condenser according to the invention will now be described.

Dans cette variante de réalisation, le condenseur refroidi par air 1' comprend en outre au moins un panneau rigide supplémentaire 400 qui s'étend verticalement depuis un bord latéral de la structure de ventilation vers le haut (c'est-à-dire en direction opposée au panneau rigide 300).In this alternative embodiment, the air-cooled condenser 1 'further comprises at least one additional rigid panel 400 which extends vertically from a side edge of the ventilation structure upward (i.e. opposite to the rigid panel 300).

Par exemple, ce panneau supplémentaire 400 s'étend sur toute la hauteur sur laquelle s'étendent verticalement les faisceaux de tubes 202 disposés au-dessus des modules de ventilation 104 et renfermant chacun les tubes à ailettes dans lesquels circulent la vapeur à condenser. Comme pour le panneau rigide 300, il est avantageux de disposer de tels panneaux supplémentaires sur toute la périphérie de la structure de ventilation.For example, this additional panel 400 extends over the entire height on which extend vertically the bundles of tubes 202 disposed above the ventilation modules 104 and each containing the finned tubes in which the steam to be condensed. As for the rigid panel 300, it is advantageous to have such additional panels on the entire periphery of the ventilation structure.

La présence d'un tel panneau supplémentaire 400 a pour avantage d'améliorer le flux vertical d'air balayé par les ventilateurs, de créer un effet de cheminée facilitant le travail de soufflage de chaque ventilateur.The presence of such an additional panel 400 has the advantage of improving the vertical flow of air swept by the fans, to create a chimney effect facilitating the blowing work of each fan.

Claims (7)

  1. A heat exchanger cooled by air (1 ; 1') comprising a plurality of ventilation modules (104) arranged in several parallel rows, adjacent to one another and placed in the same horizontal plane to form a ventilation structure (100) supported by feet (102) so as to be elevated relative to the ground (S) so as to promote circulation of air under the ventilation structure, each ventilation module comprising a fan (106) directed to suction air present below the ventilation structure and blow it vertically through heat exchange elements (204), wherein the heat exchanger further comprises at least one rigid panel (300) forming a windscreen which extends vertically from a lateral edge of the ventilation structure toward the ground to a height (h), characterized in that the height (h) is comprised between 5% and 50% of the distance separating the ventilation structure from the ground.
  2. Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger has no wind deflection member between the ground and a lower end of the rigid panel forming a windscreen.
  3. Exchanger according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rigid panel forming a windscreen is placed to a side of the ventilation structure which is most exposed to a source of wind.
  4. Exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ventilation structure has a substantially rectangular form, the rigid panel forming a windscreen extending on one side of said ventilation structure.
  5. Exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat exchanger comprises rigid panels forming a windscreen extending on two, three or four sides of the ventilation structure.
  6. Exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger further comprises at least one supplementary rigid panel (400) extending vertically upwards from a lateral edge of the ventilation structure.
  7. Exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heat exchanger constitutes an air-cooled condenser of a thermal power station.
EP10305902.8A 2010-08-19 2010-08-19 Air-cooled heat exchanger provided with a rigid panel forming a windbreak Not-in-force EP2420789B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10305902.8A EP2420789B1 (en) 2010-08-19 2010-08-19 Air-cooled heat exchanger provided with a rigid panel forming a windbreak
US13/212,332 US8776545B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2011-08-18 Heat exchanger cooled by air fitted with a rigid panel forming a windscreen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10305902.8A EP2420789B1 (en) 2010-08-19 2010-08-19 Air-cooled heat exchanger provided with a rigid panel forming a windbreak

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EP2420789A1 EP2420789A1 (en) 2012-02-22
EP2420789B1 true EP2420789B1 (en) 2018-02-28

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CN104764344B (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-10-05 华北电力大学（保定） A kind of centralized supply wind Air-Cooling Island in power plant
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US8776545B2 (en) 2014-07-15
EP2420789A1 (en) 2012-02-22

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