EP2411631B1 - Plaque d'étanchéité et système d'aube tournante - Google Patents

Plaque d'étanchéité et système d'aube tournante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2411631B1
EP2411631B1 EP10713877.8A EP10713877A EP2411631B1 EP 2411631 B1 EP2411631 B1 EP 2411631B1 EP 10713877 A EP10713877 A EP 10713877A EP 2411631 B1 EP2411631 B1 EP 2411631B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sealing plate
turbine
sealing
blade
sheets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10713877.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2411631A1 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Buchal
Sascha Dungs
Winfried Esser
Birgit Grüger
Oliver Lüsebrink
Mirko Milazar
Nicolas Savilius
Oliver Schneider
Peter Schröder
Waldemar Socha
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP10713877.8A priority Critical patent/EP2411631B1/fr
Publication of EP2411631A1 publication Critical patent/EP2411631A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2411631B1 publication Critical patent/EP2411631B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F01D5/3015—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type with side plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005—Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sealing plate for forming a ring of sealing plates for the rotor of a gas turbine, which sealing plate is formed mainly of a plurality of sheets. Furthermore, the invention relates to a rotor blade system, in particular for a gas turbine, with a number of annularly arranged on a turbine rotor blades, wherein a number of sealing plates is arranged on a side surface of the turbine disk. It further relates to a gas turbine with such a blade system.
  • Gas turbines are used in many areas to drive generators or work machines.
  • the energy content of a fuel is used to generate a rotational movement of a turbine shaft.
  • the fuel is burned in a combustion chamber, compressed air being supplied by an air compressor.
  • the working medium produced in the combustion chamber by the combustion of the fuel, under high pressure and at high temperature, is guided via a turbine unit arranged downstream of the combustion chamber, where it relaxes to perform work.
  • a number of rotor blades which are usually combined into blade groups or blade rows, are arranged thereon.
  • a turbine disk is usually provided for each turbine stage, to which the blades are fastened by means of their blade root.
  • For guiding the flow of the working medium in the turbine unit also commonly associated between adjacent blade rows with the turbine housing and combined into rows of guide vanes are arranged.
  • the combustion chamber of the gas turbine may be embodied as a so-called annular combustion chamber, in which a plurality of circumferentially arranged around the turbine shaft burners in a common, surrounded by a high temperature resistant surrounding wall combustion chamber space.
  • the combustion chamber is designed in its entirety as an annular structure.
  • a single combustion chamber can also be provided a plurality of combustion chambers.
  • first row of guide vanes of a turbine unit which, together with the blade row immediately downstream in the flow direction of the working medium, forms a first turbine stage of the turbine unit, which is usually followed by further turbine stages.
  • the sealing plates fulfill even more functions. On the one hand they form the axial fixation of the turbine blades by appropriate fasteners, on the other hand they not only seal the turbine disk against penetration of hot gas from the outside, but also avoid leakage of guided inside the turbine disk cooling air, which usually forwarded to the cooling of the turbine blades in selbige becomes.
  • Such sealing plates with integrated sealing wings are usually produced by vacuum investment casting (eg by lost-wax casting). In this case, a certain allowance must be provided in order to be able to compensate for process-related dimensional inaccuracies. Due to geometry - the sealing plates have wide, very thin areas and mass accumulations at other places - a delay and a certain porosity can not be avoided, especially in the thin areas under vacuum investment casting. Due to the requirement profile of the sealing plates, however, these are often made of alloys which can not be produced close to the final contour in a process other than the vacuum investment casting described.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a sealing plate and a blade system, which allows a maximum of efficiency of a gas turbine simultaneously simplified construction.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a particularly simple manufacturability of the sealing plate would be achieved if the hitherto customary investment casting method with subsequent mechanical finishing could either be simplified or completely replaced by another production method.
  • the sealing plate should not be made in a primary molding process such as casting, but in a forming process.
  • the sealing plates should be made of a plurality of base parts by forming. This can be achieved particularly easily by forming prefabricated metal sheets; the sealing plate should therefore be made of a plurality of sheets.
  • the sealing plate comprises two parallel to the sealing plate plane arranged, spaced apart sheets. These form the respective faces of the Sealing plate and the distance between the two sheets, the thickness of the sealing plate can be selected exactly. It remains between the sheets a gap that can be used to carry out cooling air and so for internal cooling of the sealing plate. On the one hand, therefore, a particularly simple construction of the sealing plate is possible, on the other hand can withstand the most adverse circumstances during operation by an active component cooling the sealing plate, so that particularly high temperatures during operation of the gas turbine are possible and thus a particularly high efficiency is achieved.
  • an intermediate plate with a number of recesses is arranged between the sheets.
  • Such an intermediate plate stabilizes the connection between the sheets acting as end faces of the sealing plate and allows a precise, targeted choice of the distance. Through the recesses in the intermediate plate while still a passage of cooling air through the interior of the sealing plate with the advantages described possible.
  • the respective sheet has a fold on the side facing the center of the turbine disk.
  • a fold which can be easily manufactured by forming, makes it possible to fix the sealing plate on the side facing the center of the turbine disk in a groove provided for this purpose, thus ensuring a secure hold of the sealing plate and of the rotor blades on the turbine disk.
  • This offers the advantage that despite the modified construction of the sealing plate, the previously used fastening devices on the turbine disk need not be modified and thus a particularly simple construction of the rotor blade system with sealing plate and turbine disk is possible.
  • the respective sheet advantageously has a number of cooling air holes on.
  • the cooling air holes should face the turbine disk, so that a cooling air supply through the turbine disk into the sealing plate is possible, cooling air holes should be provided on the outlet side, pointing for example to adjacent components or mounting plates of the sealing plate, so that active cooling of these components is possible ,
  • the sealing plate advantageously comprises a plate pointing out of the sealing plate plane. This should extend to the adjacent blade row and so prevent ingress of hot gas in the direction of turbine shaft to protect the components provided there.
  • the various sheets are welded and / or soldered together.
  • a particularly simple construction of the sealing plate made of a plurality of sheets is possible.
  • the sealing plate in particular in a three-layer design with two end faces forming sheets and an intermediate plate with recesses for cooling air, offers itself to provide a tongue and groove connection for sealing a plurality of juxtaposed sealing plates in the circumferential direction.
  • a groove and / or a spring is advantageously arranged in the region of an edge of the respective sealing plate.
  • Such a groove is possible in a three-layer design of the sealing plate in the manner described above simply by shortening the intermediate plate on the edge or a spring by extending the intermediate plate at the edge.
  • a particularly good and easy-to-implement seal in the circumferential direction between a plurality of sealing plates is possible.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that a particularly simple design and construction of the sealing plate is possible by the construction of the sealing plate by means of a plurality of sheets.
  • the manufacturing and material costs are low compared to other methods. Due to the flexible combination of materials, the use of materials and the resulting costs can be reduced.
  • Post-processing of the large plane surfaces - as required in the casting process - is not required when using preformed sheets, yet a particularly good sealing effect of the sealing plate is achieved during operation.
  • the active component cooling by cooling air passage in the sealing plate results in lower restrictions on the hot gas temperature in a gas turbine and it can be achieved overall higher efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 shows a blade system 1 as a section through the outer periphery of a turbine shaft mounted turbine disk 6 of a blade stage of a gas turbine engine according to the prior art.
  • a blade 12 is arranged in a blade holding groove 30 with its blade root 32.
  • the blade root 32 of the blade 12 is fir-tree-shaped in cross-section and corresponds to the Christmas tree shape of the blade holding groove 30.
  • the schematic representation of the contour of the blade root 32 and the blade holding groove 30 is compared to the rest of the representation of FIG. 2 played rotated by 90 °.
  • the illustrated blade retaining groove 30 extends between the side surfaces 34 of the turbine disk 6.
  • Respectively adjacent guide vanes 36 are not shown in detail, which - viewed in the flow direction of the working medium of the gas turbine - upstream and downstream of the blade 12 are arranged.
  • the vanes 36 are arranged radially in wreaths.
  • sealing disks 40 are used circumferentially on each of the side walls 34 in a scale-like manner. These are held on their upper side in an inserted into the blade 12 groove 42 and fixed on its underside by a locking pin not shown.
  • the sealing plates 40 fulfill several tasks: On the one hand, they seal by attached, essentially in Axial and azimuthal direction extending sealing vanes 46, the space between the turbine disk 36 and adjacent vanes 36 against ingress of hot working fluid M from the turbine. On the other hand, the sealing plates 40 also provide for an axial fixation of the blade root 32 in the blade retaining groove 30 and thus secure it against axial displacement. The radial and azimuthal securing has already been achieved by the Christmas tree shape of the blade retaining groove 30. Furthermore, the sealing plates 40 prevent leakage of cooling air channels 48 introduced through the turbine disk 36 into the blade root 32 and the rotor blade 12.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show schematically a cross section perpendicular to the sealing plate plane 49 of a sealing plate 40 according to the prior art in two different stages of the manufacturing process.
  • the sealing plate 40 is first, as in FIG. 2 shown, cast with a certain oversize. In this case, usually a vacuum investment casting method is used and then the sealing plates 40 are compacted after casting to eliminate porosity by means of hot isostatic pressing. Subsequently, a mechanical post-processing to the sealing plate 40 in the in FIG. 3 bring shown finished contour.
  • the seal plate 40 should be made of a plurality of sheets 50, as in FIG FIG. 4 shown.
  • the sealing plate 40 after the FIG. 4 first comprises two plates 50, which are arranged at a distance from one another and parallel to the sealing plate plane 49, between which an intermediate plate 52 is inserted. This results in a total of a three-layered design of the sealing plate 40. At the center of the rotor disc facing side, the sheets 50 thereby folds 54, which emulate the previously cast form of the sealing plate 40.
  • the intermediate plate 52 is not solid, but includes a number of recesses 56, which also in the supervision in FIG. 5 are shown. As a result, a supply of cooling air K through cooling air holes 58 is possible, which allow active cooling of the sealing plate 40.
  • the sealing plate 40 comprises a plate 50 which points out of the sealing plate plane 49 and forms the sealing wing 46. To stabilize the sealing wing while another support plate 60 is provided.
  • the cooling air bores 58 are aligned on the outlet side so that cooling air K exiting from the sealing plate 40 flows against the sealing vanes 46 and further adjacent components and thus also cools.
  • the individual sheets 50 are welded together, which allows a particularly simple construction of the sealing plate 40.
  • the sheets 50 may also be high temperature soldered.
  • the sealing plate 40 is in the supervision again in FIG. 6 shown.
  • the intermediate plate 52 is displaced in the circumferential direction relative to the two parallel-aligned metal sheets 50, so that a groove 64 forms on one edge 62 of the sealing plate 40 and a spring 68 on the opposite edge 66.
  • adjacent sealing plates 40 can be sealed in the circumferential direction by means of a tongue and groove connection.
  • a gas turbine 101 as in FIG. 7 has a compressor 102 for combustion air, a combustion chamber 104 and a turbine unit 106 for driving the compressor 102 and a generator, not shown, or a working machine.
  • the turbine unit 106 and the compressor 102 are arranged on a common, also referred to as a turbine rotor turbine shaft 108, with which the generator or the working machine is connected, and to its central axis 109 is rotatably mounted.
  • the combustor 104 which is in the form of an annular combustor, is equipped with a number of burners 110 for combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel.
  • the turbine unit 106 includes a blade system 1 having a number of rotatable blades 12 connected to the turbine shaft 108.
  • the blades 12 are arranged in a ring on the turbine shaft 108 and thus form a number of blade rows.
  • the turbine unit 106 includes a number of stationary vanes 36 which are also annularly attached to a vane support 110 of the turbine unit 106 to form rows of vanes.
  • the blades 12 serve to drive the turbine shaft 108 by momentum transfer from the turbine unit 106 flowing through the working medium M.
  • the vanes 36 serve to flow the working medium M between two seen in the flow direction of the working medium M consecutive blade rows or blade rings.
  • a successive pair of a ring of vanes 36 or a row of vanes and a ring of blades 12 or a blade row is also referred to as a turbine stage.
  • each vane 36 has blade root 118 which is arranged to fix the respective vane 36 to the vane support 110 of the turbine unit 106 as a wall member.
  • the blade root 118 is a thermally comparatively heavily loaded component that forms the outer boundary of a hot gas channel for the turbine unit 106 flowing through the working medium M.
  • a ring segment 121 is disposed on a vane support 110 of the turbine unit 106.
  • the outer surface of each ring segment 121 is also the hot, exposed to the turbine unit 106 flowing through the working medium M and spaced in the radial direction from the outer end of the opposed blades 12 by a gap.
  • the arranged between adjacent rows of stator ring segments 121 serve in particular as cover that protect the inner housing in the guide pad carrier 110 or other housing-mounting components from thermal overload by the turbine 106 flowing through the hot working medium M.
  • the combustion chamber 104 is configured in the exemplary embodiment as a so-called annular combustion chamber, in which a plurality of burners 110 arranged around the turbine shaft 108 in the circumferential direction open into a common combustion chamber space.
  • the combustion chamber 104 is configured in its entirety as an annular structure, which is positioned around the turbine shaft 108 around.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité pour la formation d'un anneau composé de plaques ( 40 ) d'étanchéité pour le rotor d'une turbine à gaz,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la plaque d'étanchéité est formée d'une multiplicité de tôles ( 50 ) et comprend, avec formation d'un espace intermédiaire pour le passage d'air de refroidissement, deux tôles ( 50 ) opposées à distance l'une de l'autre et disposées parallèlement au plan ( 49 ) de la plaque d'étanchéité.
  2. Plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité suivant la revendication 1,
    dans laquelle une tôle ( 52 ) intermédiaire ayant un certain nombre d'évidements ( 56 ) est disposée entre les tôles ( 50 ).
  3. Plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité suivant la revendication 1 ou 2,
    dans laquelle - considéré en position de fonctionnement - la tôle ( 50 ) respective a un pliage ( 54 ) du côté tourné vers le milieu du disque ( 6 ) de turbine.
  4. Plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    dans laquelle la tôle ( 50 ) respective a un certain nombre de trous ( 5 ) pour de l'air de refroidissement.
  5. Plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    qui comprend une tôle ( 50 ) sortant du plan ( 49 ) de la plaque d'étanchéité.
  6. Plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    dans laquelle un certain nombre de tôles ( 50 ) est soudé et/ou est brasé.
  7. Plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    dans laquelle une rainure ( 64 ) et/ou une languette ( 68 ) est disposée dans la région d'un bord ( 62, 66 ) de la plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité respective prévu pour s'appliquer à une plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité voisine.
  8. Système ( 1 ) d'aubes mobiles,
    notamment pour une turbine ( 101 ) à gaz,
    ayant un certain nombre d'aubes ( 12 ) mobiles disposées annulairement sur un disque ( 6 ) de turbine,
    dans lequel un certain nombre de plaques ( 40 ) d'étanchéité est disposé sur une surface ( 34 ) latérale du disque ( 6 ) de la turbine,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la plaque ( 40 ) d'étanchéité respective est constituée suivant l'une des revendications précédentes.
  9. Turbine à gaz ayant un système ( 1 ) d'aubes mobiles suivant la revendication 8.
  10. Installation de turbine à gaz et de turbine à vapeur ayant une turbine ( 101 ) à gaz suivant la revendication 9.
EP10713877.8A 2009-03-27 2010-03-25 Plaque d'étanchéité et système d'aube tournante Not-in-force EP2411631B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10713877.8A EP2411631B1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2010-03-25 Plaque d'étanchéité et système d'aube tournante

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09004469A EP2236759A1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2009-03-27 Système d'aube
PCT/EP2010/053917 WO2010108983A1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2010-03-25 Plaque d'étanchéité et système d'aubes mobiles
EP10713877.8A EP2411631B1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2010-03-25 Plaque d'étanchéité et système d'aube tournante

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2411631A1 EP2411631A1 (fr) 2012-02-01
EP2411631B1 true EP2411631B1 (fr) 2014-09-03

Family

ID=40912036

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09004469A Withdrawn EP2236759A1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2009-03-27 Système d'aube
EP10713877.8A Not-in-force EP2411631B1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2010-03-25 Plaque d'étanchéité et système d'aube tournante

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09004469A Withdrawn EP2236759A1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2009-03-27 Système d'aube

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20120107136A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2236759A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5336649B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102365425B (fr)
ES (1) ES2517921T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010108983A1 (fr)

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FR3021692B1 (fr) * 2014-05-27 2016-05-13 Snecma Platine d'etancheite a fonction de fusible
GB201504725D0 (en) 2015-03-20 2015-05-06 Rolls Royce Plc A bladed rotor arrangement and a lock plate for a bladed rotor arrangement
WO2017113258A1 (fr) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine à gaz, couvercle d'étanchéité et leur procédé de fabrication
KR20180114765A (ko) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-19 두산중공업 주식회사 가스터빈 블레이드의 리테이너, 이를 이용한 터빈유닛 및 가스터빈
KR20190029963A (ko) * 2017-09-13 2019-03-21 두산중공업 주식회사 터빈 블레이드의 냉각구조 및 이를 포함하는 터빈 및 가스터빈
CN109746631A (zh) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-14 西门子公司 用于燃气轮机的密封盖板的制造方法、装置和存储介质
CN114215611B (zh) * 2021-12-01 2023-07-14 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 一种燃气轮机透平动叶轴向定位用气封装配体

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2411631A1 (fr) 2012-02-01
CN102365425B (zh) 2015-08-19
JP5336649B2 (ja) 2013-11-06
WO2010108983A1 (fr) 2010-09-30
EP2236759A1 (fr) 2010-10-06
CN102365425A (zh) 2012-02-29
US20120107136A1 (en) 2012-05-03
ES2517921T3 (es) 2014-11-04
JP2012522161A (ja) 2012-09-20

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