EP2408603A2 - Verfahren zur dispersion von nanopartikeln in fluiden medien - Google Patents
Verfahren zur dispersion von nanopartikeln in fluiden medienInfo
- Publication number
- EP2408603A2 EP2408603A2 EP10708934A EP10708934A EP2408603A2 EP 2408603 A2 EP2408603 A2 EP 2408603A2 EP 10708934 A EP10708934 A EP 10708934A EP 10708934 A EP10708934 A EP 10708934A EP 2408603 A2 EP2408603 A2 EP 2408603A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nanoparticles
- fluid medium
- kneading
- viscosity
- dispersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 53
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/002—Methods
- B29B7/007—Methods for continuous mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
- B29B7/603—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material in measured doses, e.g. proportioning of several materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
- B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/365—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pumps, e.g. piston pumps
- B29C48/37—Gear pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
- B29C48/39—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages a first extruder feeding the melt into an intermediate location of a second extruder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/41—Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29B7/726—Measuring properties of mixture, e.g. temperature or density
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the dispersion of nanoparticles, in particular carbon nanotubes, in medium-viscosity fluid media.
- Nanoparticles Due to their special properties, nanoparticles have gained enormous scientific and economic importance in recent years. Nanoparticles are defined by theirs
- Nanoparticles often occur as a dispersion in fluid media.
- a known example is colloidally bound gold on tin dioxide as a carrier material in an aqueous dispersion, the
- fluid media also referred to as fluids for short
- a fluid and the nanoparticles dispersed therein form
- Nanoparticles can be dispersed in a fluid melt, which then solidifies below the melting temperature to a solid body.
- Composite material and fluid are also referred to herein as a matrix into which the dispersed
- Nanoparticles are "embedded”.
- Carbon nanotubes also referred to below as “CNT” (carbon nanotubes) - are microscopically small tubular structures (molecular nanotubes), which are predominantly made of carbon
- the diameter of the tubes is usually in the range of 1- 200 nm Structure is the electrical conductivity within the tube metallic or semiconducting.
- CNT may be added to materials to enhance the electrical and / or mechanical and / or thermal properties of the materials.
- Such composites comprising CNT are known in the art.
- WO-A 2005/015574 discloses compositions containing organic polymer and CNT, wherein the CNTs form rope-like agglomerates. The compositions are characterized by a reduced electrical Resistance and a minimum of notched impact strength.
- the dispersion of CNT in a polymer is preferably carried out in the polymer melt.
- the CNT usually accumulate in the form of entangled agglomerates.
- CNTs can not fully develop their positive properties;
- the agglomerates must first be cut and the CNTs must be isolated (“exfoliated"), for example, to increase the conductivity of polymer components, it is necessary to break CNT agglomerates in the polymer melt so that the CNT in the solid polymer matrix forms a three-dimensional network can build from conductive CNT.
- nanoparticle dispersions An essential property of nanoparticle dispersions known to those skilled in the art is the increase in viscosity over the fluid matrix. This increase is more pronounced the more nanoparticles are isolated and the better the quality of the dispersion.
- the present invention thus provides a process for dispersing nanoparticles, in particular CNT, in a medium-viscosity fluid medium, characterized in that the nanoparticles and the fluid medium together through a number m passages of one or more multi-screw extruder with one or more Knetzonen, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- a medium-viscosity fluid medium is understood as meaning a medium having a viscosity between 0.5 and 1000 Pa s at the dispersion temperature.
- the viscosity always refers to the viscosity which is measured with a commercial cone-and-plate rotary rheometer in constant shear at a shear rate of 1 / s.
- a passage is understood to mean the number of passes of the product to be dispersed by a multi-screw extruder.
- the product may be passed through a multiple screw extruder several times or through different extruders, each of which may be passed through once or more times.
- a kneltone is an arrangement of kneading warmth. Before and / or behind a Knetzone conveying elements can be arranged.
- the erf ⁇ ndungssiee method is not limited to screw elements from today's conventional modular design of a screw of screw elements and core shafts, but also applicable to screws in solid construction. Therefore, the terms conveying and kneading elements are also to be understood to mean screws in solid construction.
- a conveying element is characterized by (see, for example, [1], pages 227-248), that the cross-sectional profile is continuously helically twisted and continued in the axial direction.
- the conveying element can be right- or left-handed.
- the slope of the conveyor element is preferably in the range of 0.1 times to 10 times the axial distance, wherein the slope is understood to be the axial length which is required for a complete rotation of the screw profile.
- a kneading element is known to be characterized (see, for example, [1], pages 227-248) that the cross-sectional profile in the axial direction is continued in blocks in the form of kneading disks.
- the arrangement of the kneading discs can be right- or left-handed or neutral.
- the axial length of the kneading discs is preferably in the range of 0.05 times to 10 times the
- the axial distance between two adjacent kneading disks is preferably in
- the number of flights Z is also executed as a characteristic size of a multi-screw extruder (see, for example, page 95).
- the number of flights refers to the number of depressions in a screw profile of a shaft perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft.
- the kneading and conveying elements to be used in the method according to the invention may be single or multi-pass.
- the conveying elements used according to the invention are preferably mono-, di-, tri- or tetravalent, particularly preferably one-, two- or three-stranded and very particularly preferably one or two-stranded.
- catching conveying elements are used at the tip of the twin-screw extruder. These conveyor elements ensure a particularly "yearerrDru ⁇ k inconvenience on more outputs of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Extrudersr
- the kneading elements used according to the invention are preferably mono-, di-, tri- or tetravalent, more preferably one-, two- or three-pass and very particularly preferably one or two-course.
- Eccentric discs are always catchy. They are arranged eccentrically to the shaft, round cylindrical discs (circular discs), in which tapered gap product is drawn in by the rotational movement and is stretched (see also [1] page 246).
- Kneading elements which in their contours convey the conveying elements with comb, Fianke and NuL ([1], p. 95ff, p. 107 ff.) are also referred to as "edged".
- the angular kneading elements and the conveying elements used according to the invention preferably have the same number of threads.
- kneading elements whose contour can be represented by a continuously differentiable profile curve are particularly effective in the method according to the invention.
- the vast majority of the screw elements known from the prior art is characterized in that the profile curve in cross-section has at least one kink, which occurs at the transition between the screw crest and the thread flanks. The kink at the transition to the flank of the profile forms an edge on the screw element. If the profile curve has a kink in cross section, then it can not be represented by a continuously differentiable curve.
- Eccentrically arranged discs eccentric discs
- have a circular cross-sectional profile which can be represented by a continuously differentiable curve.
- At least partially kneading elements whose cross-sectional profile can be represented by a continuously differentiable profile curve are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
- eccentric discs come here kneading with the cross-sectional profiles listed in the not yet disclosed German patent application DE102008029303.2 into consideration.
- Kneading elements whose contour can be represented by a continuously differentiable profile curve are also referred to below as kneading elements with a continuous contour. They can be used in the process according to the invention both in co-rotating and counter-rotating multi-screw extruders.
- kneading disks are usually combined in an extruder element and arranged offset from each other. If the kneading disks Init Gähgzar ⁇ l Z have a displacement of ⁇ l 80 ° / Z ⁇ ⁇ so ⁇ denotes the arrangement of the kneading disks as promoting neutral. If the kneading disks have a number Z of gears and an offset angle not equal to 180 ° / z and are arranged in the same direction of rotation as the conveying elements, then they are referred to as conveying active. Do the kneading disks a number of flights Z and an offset angle not equal to 180 ° / Z and they are arranged in the opposite direction of rotation as the conveying elements, they are referred to as recirculating.
- one or more multi-screw extruders with an arrangement of conveying-active kneading elements, followed by demand-neutral or back-feeding kneading disks or a combination of promoting-neutral and back-feeding kneading disks.
- the arrangement of actively conveying, followed by possibly neutral and then back-promoting kneading discs does not lead to fluctuations in throughput and in the quality of dispersion.
- the skilled person would have expected this due to the sharp increase in viscosity with increasing dispersion of the nanoparticles.
- This arrangement is preferably repeated several times in succession on an extruder, optionally separated by conveying elements.
- the speeds of the multi-screw extruder in the process according to the invention can be selected between 100 / min and 1800 / min, preferably between 200 / min and 1200 / min.
- the inventive method for dispersing nanoparticles, in particular CNT, in a medium-viscosity fluid medium is thus preferably characterized in that
- Nanoparticles and the fluid medium pass through together passages of one or more multi-screw extruders, each individual passage (s) having the total length LK, and having the housing inner diameter D 1 , and wherein the m L LK ⁇ ,
- the characteristic number Kl which can be calculated from Equation 2
- the method according to the invention is thus preferably characterized in that the nanoparticles and the fluid medium spend during the passage / a residence time tk, in one or more kneading zones, and the characteristic K2 according to equation (2) greater than 500, preferably greater than 2500 and more preferably greater than 5000, where n, is the speed of the present in the respective passage multi-screw extruder.
- the product can be passed through an extruder several times, or else through different extruders, whereby each of the individual extruders can in turn be passed through once or several times.
- the residence time in the kneading zone is calculated from the product of the free cross-sectional area in the extruder times the length of the kneading zone, divided by the throughput, expressed as volume flow.
- the free cross-section according to [1], p. 106, the square of the diameter, divided by two, can be approximated.
- the method according to the invention is thus preferably characterized in that the nanoparticles and the fluid medium spend during the passage / a residence time te, in one or more zones with kneading elements with continuous contour, and the characteristic Ki according to equation (3) greater than 300, is preferably greater than 2000 and more preferably greater than 4000, where n, the speed of the present in the respective passage multi-screw extruder.
- the erf ⁇ ndungssiee dispersion is preferably carried out at room temperature (15 ° C to 30 0 C), wherein the temperature of the Dispersierguts in the dispersion due to the energy input to temperatures above the ambient temperature (room temperature) may increase.
- Heat which is obtained as a result of the dispersion in the extruder is preferably removed via the extruder housing in order to lower the maximum temperature of the dispersant and thereby to enable high rotational speeds and thus a high energy input.
- the nanoparticles in the process according to the invention are therefore preferably metered dry into a feed funnel of the extruder, while the medium-viscosity fluid medium is added upstream thereof. Below the intake funnel and between the feed funnel and metering of the fluid medium there are conveying elements. Upstream of the dosage then comes the transition to a Knetzone. Contrary to expectations, for example, when using CNT as nanoparticles and polyol Acclaim 18200 N of Bayer MaterialScience AG as a fluid medium at a temperature of 20 0 C thereby no negative effects on blocking the extruder shaft.
- This preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention is advantageous because the nanoparticles, in particular CNT, can be metered into dry agglomerate liquor and thus the elaborate preparation of a predispersion of nanoparticle agglomerates and fluid medium is not required.
- concentrations of nanoparticles which are dispersed in the fluid medium according to the invention are between 0.001% and 50%, preferably between 0.01% and 30% and particularly preferably between 0.04% and 20%.
- the method according to the invention is thus particularly suitable for producing a preconcentrate of a nanoparticle dispersion, in particular a CNT dispersion, which can be diluted with further fluid before use.
- the ratio of the preconcentrate to the further fluid can be in the range from 1: 1000 to 3: 1, preferably in the range from 1: 100 to 1: 1, more preferably in the range from 1:50 to 1: 3.
- the fluid that is part of the preconcentrate may be the same fluid or fluid other than the fluid used for dilution.
- a preferred variant is that both fluids are the same.
- the fluid of the preconcentrate has the same chemical functionality as the further fluid, but is present in at least one feature, such as e.g.
- Viscosity, molecular weight, number of functional groups per molecule is different. More preferably, the viscosity of the fluid that is part of the preconcentrate is lower than the fluid that is being diluted by a factor of 10 to 1000.
- the preconcentrate is removed in a chemically inert fluid or in a mixture of a chemically inert fluid and a fluid having the same chemical functionality as the further fluid, wherein the chemically inert fluid is removed during further processing.
- the essentially cylindrical CNTs can be single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) or multi-walled (multiwalled carbon nanotubes, MWNTs). they have one
- the CNTs are wholly or mainly carbon. Accordingly, carbon nanotubes which contain "foreign atoms" (eg H, O, N) are also to be understood as carbon nanotubes, if the main constituent is carbon.
- the CNTs to be used preferably have an average diameter of 3 to 100 nm, preferably 5 to 80 nm, particularly preferably 6 to 60 nm.
- CNT Common methods for producing CNT are e.g. Arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and vapor deposition (CCVD-process).
- CNTs obtainable from catalytic processes, since these usually contain a smaller proportion of e.g. having graphitic or carbon black impurities.
- a particularly preferred method for the production of CNT is known from WO-A 2006/050903.
- the CNTs usually accumulate in the form of agglomerates, the agglomerates having a sphere-equivalent diameter in the range of 0.05 to 2 mm.
- fluid media are preferably used (up to 30 0 C 15 ° C) having a viscosity at room temperature of from 0.5 to 1000 Pa s.
- Fluid media used in the process according to the invention can be obtained, for example, from the group of isocyanates, modified isocyanates, polyols, epoxy resins, polyester resins, phenolformaldehyde resins, melamine resins, melamine-phenolic resins or silicones.
- the fluids to be used may also be prepolymers, which are reacted after the dispersion by chemical reactions such as polymerization or crosslinking reactions to thermosets, elastomers or thermoplastics, such as cyclic polybutylene terephthalate or cyclic polycarbonate.
- the viscosity of the dispersions produced can be between 5 and 100,000 Pa s.
- Fig. 1 Apparatus for carrying out a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention
- Fig. 2 Apparatus for carrying out a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention
- Fig. 3 Apparatus for carrying out a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention
- Fig. 5 Configuration of a multi-screw extruder which can be used in the method according to the invention
- I Ia I Ib Containers for collection and collection
- the nanoparticle dispersion in particular the CNT dispersion, is produced in a single pass through the multi-screw extruder.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a device with which such a variant of the method can be carried out.
- a conveying means (2) which may be designed for example as a gear pump, a fluid medium in the extruder (3) is metered.
- the metering takes place through an inlet (4) (eg a bore) in a closed housing part.
- the nanoparticles, in particular CNT in dry form upstream of the metering ⁇ of ⁇ fluid in ⁇ a ⁇ solids catchment "(6) of the extruder" dosed: From the: outlet ⁇ (7) (eg a nozzle), the dispersion exits into the collecting container (8).
- the nanoparticle dispersion, in particular the CNT dispersion is prepared in multiple passes through the multi-screw extruder.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a device with which such a method variant can be carried out.
- a fluid with the aid of excess pressure shown here by an excess pressure by means of nitrogen (N 2 )
- an inlet (4) eg through a nozzle
- the extruder (3) Upstream of the extruder via the hopper (6) dry nanoparticle agglomerates, in particular CNT agglomerates, fed, which are dosed via the gravimetric dosing (5).
- the product with a conveyor (2) eg a gear pump
- a heat exchanger (9) for the removal of heat in the storage tank (I Ia) is returned.
- a heat exchanger for example, a tube bundle heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger or a single or multi-channel heat exchanger can be used with static mixer internals.
- a first phase of preparation of a first dispersion of nanoparticles in the clean fluid can be distinguished: a second phase in which the dispersion is further improved by further passages through the extruder.
- a design with at least two containers is preferred in which the product leaving the extruder, in each case a container (eg 1 Ib) is collected and the extruder from the other container (eg I Ia) is fed. If the container (I Ia), from which the extruder is fed, almost empty, so change the two containers their role.
- the containers are preferably cooled and stirred. The promotion of dispersion from the containers may e.g. by gas pressure or by pumping.
- the extruder in the second phase conveys from the same container from which it is fed.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of such an arrangement. Nanoparticles are fed gravimetrically (5) to the extruder.
- the fluid medium is supplied to the extruder via an inlet (4).
- the material to be dispersed can multiply through the valve (10) in the stirred holding vessel (1) back out and conveyed through the extruder, before it via the valve (10) via the Aüsläss ⁇ (7) ⁇ Irt ⁇ the AUfFang subjectef ⁇ (8) ⁇ promoted "is: Before ⁇ recirculation ⁇ in ⁇ the ⁇ presentation container (1) the product to be dispersed via the heat exchanger (9) is removed from heat.
- Figure 4 shows an arrangement in which a direct return of the dispersed product from the extruder via a conveyor (2), which is designed in the present example as a gear pump is made.
- Figure 5 shows the configuration of an extruder as may be used in the invention.
- the nanoparticles are dosed in dry form into the feeder of the extruder.
- the dosing B the dosage of the liquid takes place.
- the material to be dispersed is fed by means of the conveying elements in the region F1 to a first kneading zone K1, K2, E1, E2, E3.
- the dispersion takes place in the kneading areas with angular contour K1, K2 and in the kneading areas with continuous contour E1, E2, E3. These areas are separated by a short conveyor area F2 from a second Knetzone.
- the kneading zones E4 continuous contour
- K3 edged outline
- the kneading regions K1, K2 and E1 are of a promotional nature in the present example, the kneading region E2 is promoting neutral and the kneading region E3 is back-promoting.
- the kneading area E4 is designed to be promotional and the kneading area K3 backfeeding.
- the numbers indicate the length of the respective areas in millimeters (mm).
- EXAMPLE 1 Dispersion of CNT in a Polyol in One Pass Through an Extruder
- a device according to FIG. 1 5.28 kg / h of Acclaim 18200 N polyol from Bayer Material Science AG were introduced into a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an outer diameter of 34 mm. Upstream thereof, 0.163 kg / h Baytubes C 150 P from Bayer MaterialScience AG were abandoned.
- the configuration of the extruder corresponded to that shown in FIG.
- the total length of all kneading elements was 360 mm
- the total length of all kneading elements with continuous contour was 270 mm
- the speed 264 / min with a single passage.
- the characteristic K ⁇ results from Equation (1) to 10.9, the characteristic number Kl from equation (2) to 624 and the characteristic number K3 from equation (3) to 468.
- the dispersion result was evaluated on the basis of light microscopic images. The size of the agglomerates was reduced to values smaller than 200 microns. Furthermore, a high proportion of finely dispersed CNT can be seen.
- the viscosity of the dispersion was 106 Pa s at a shear rate of 1 / s measured in a constant shear cone-plate rotational rheometer.
- Example 2 Dispersion of CNT in a polyol with 10 passes through an extruder
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009013418A DE102009013418A1 (de) | 2009-03-18 | 2009-03-18 | Verfahren zur Dispersion von Nanopartikeln in fluiden Medien |
| PCT/EP2010/001566 WO2010105771A2 (de) | 2009-03-18 | 2010-03-12 | Verfahren zur dispersion von nanopartikeln in fluiden medien |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2408603A2 true EP2408603A2 (de) | 2012-01-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10708934A Ceased EP2408603A2 (de) | 2009-03-18 | 2010-03-12 | Verfahren zur dispersion von nanopartikeln in fluiden medien |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2408603A2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102355987A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102009013418A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010105771A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2452978A1 (de) | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-16 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Kohlenstoff-Füllstoffen gefüllten Epoxidharzformmassen |
| DE102015102553A1 (de) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-08-25 | Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm | Dispergier-Additiv |
| DE102018124523B4 (de) | 2018-10-04 | 2020-10-22 | Gneuss Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymeren, in welchen Füllstoffe mit Partikelgrößen kleiner 10 μm eingearbeitet und homogen verteilt sind. |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19913661A1 (de) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-09-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Einarbeiten mindestens eines Feststoffpulvers A in die Schmelze mindestens eines thermoplastischen Polymeren B |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1349179A1 (de) | 2002-03-18 | 2003-10-01 | ATOFINA Research | Leitfähige Polyolefine mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften |
| KR20060060682A (ko) | 2003-08-08 | 2006-06-05 | 제너럴 일렉트릭 캄파니 | 탄소 나노튜브를 포함하는 전기 전도성 조성물 및 그의제조방법 |
| EP1650251A1 (de) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-26 | Teijin Twaron B.V. | Verfahren zum Lösen von PPTA in Schwefelsäure unter Verwendung eines Doppelschrauben-Extruders |
| DE102004054959A1 (de) | 2004-11-13 | 2006-05-18 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Katalysator zur Herstellung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen durch Zersetzung von gas-förmigen Kohlenverbindungen an einem heterogenen Katalysator |
| JP4896422B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2012-03-14 | 燕化学工業株式会社 | 微細炭素繊維含有樹脂組成物の製造方法 |
| DE102007029008A1 (de) | 2007-06-23 | 2008-12-24 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leitfähigen Polymerverbundwerkstoffs |
| DE102008029303A1 (de) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Schneckenelemente mit verbesserter Dispergierwirkung und geringem Energieeintrag |
-
2009
- 2009-03-18 DE DE102009013418A patent/DE102009013418A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-03-12 CN CN2010800122988A patent/CN102355987A/zh active Pending
- 2010-03-12 EP EP10708934A patent/EP2408603A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2010-03-12 WO PCT/EP2010/001566 patent/WO2010105771A2/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19913661A1 (de) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-09-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Einarbeiten mindestens eines Feststoffpulvers A in die Schmelze mindestens eines thermoplastischen Polymeren B |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102355987A (zh) | 2012-02-15 |
| WO2010105771A2 (de) | 2010-09-23 |
| DE102009013418A1 (de) | 2010-09-23 |
| WO2010105771A3 (de) | 2010-11-18 |
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