EP2406801B1 - Electric switch - Google Patents

Electric switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2406801B1
EP2406801B1 EP10715487.4A EP10715487A EP2406801B1 EP 2406801 B1 EP2406801 B1 EP 2406801B1 EP 10715487 A EP10715487 A EP 10715487A EP 2406801 B1 EP2406801 B1 EP 2406801B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric motor
circuit
electric
switch
switch according
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EP10715487.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2406801A1 (en
Inventor
Christof Lexer
Jens Müller
Andreas Seidel
Norbert Papok
Michael TRÖNDLE
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Marquardt GmbH
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Marquardt GmbH
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Publication of EP2406801A1 publication Critical patent/EP2406801A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/06—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner
    • H01H9/063—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner enclosing a reversing switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/002—Application electric motor braking, e.g. pole reversal of rotor, shorting motor coils, also for field discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such switches are used for electric tools with an electric motor, for example, for hand-held power tools, such as electric drilling machines, rotary hammers, electric screwdriver o.
  • Such an electrical switch from the DE 41 14 854 A1 is known, has a switch housing with first electrical connections for the electrical connection to a power supply and second electrical connections for the electrical connection to the electric motor.
  • the switch has a manually adjustable by the user between an initial and an end position actuator, wherein the electric motor is switched off when befindlichem in the initial position actuator and not befindlichem in the initial position actuator, ie when the actuator is actuated by the user to its operation .
  • the switch may have a control device for operation, namely for the control and / or regulation of the electric motor, such as its rotational speed, torque o. The like., Depending on the adjustment of the actuator.
  • the switch is provided with a force acting on the return of the actuator in the starting position brake circuit for braking the electric motor.
  • a reversing circuit for switching the direction of rotation of the electric motor is arranged in the switch.
  • a similar electrical switch is also from the EP 0 489 342 A2 known.
  • the mechanical brake circuit is realized by means of an electromechanical switch contact as a brake contact, which is arranged in the switch housing electrically in front of the mechanical switch for the direction of rotation and the subsequent electrical motor connections.
  • the switch is turned off for the direction of rotation of the electric motor while the electric motor is switched off.
  • the change-over contact of the reversing circuit interrupts the induced braking current when switching over. In this case, the electric motor is still running, the brake is arranged from the perspective of the engine after the switch.
  • the switch turns the electric motor unintentionally again, since, for example, the blocking diode works through the switchover in the forward direction.
  • the switch in the inverter circuit like the other current switching mechanical contacts in electrical switches, undergoes mechanical and electrical wear over its lifetime by burning and / or altering the contact material. This wear occurs mainly due to the tearing arc when switching off, but also when switching on.
  • the wear of the contact material leads in the course of the life to an increase in the passage resistance and thus to a possibly impermissible heating of the contact points in the reversing circuit. This can lead to further wear and / or welding of the contacts at correspondingly high currents.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop the electrical switch such that reduces the electrical wear of the mechanical contacts is, and that in particular the life, reliability and switching reliability of the switch is increased.
  • the brake circuit between the second electrical connections, so the motor terminals, and the reversing circuit is arranged.
  • the brake contact or the electric brake from the motor not electrically placed in front of the switch.
  • the switch is no longer burdened by the braking current, since it is no longer traversed by the induced current during the switching process. Created is thus a currentless changeover when switching the direction of rotation by the motor-side arrangement of the brake contact or the electric brake in an electrical switch for a power tool, in particular for a direct current (DC) power tool.
  • DC direct current
  • the switch can have a control device for operating the electric motor.
  • a control and / or regulation of the electric motor is thus preferably made possible in dependence on the adjustment path of the actuating member.
  • the user can adjust the speed, the torque o. The like.
  • the electric motor in the manner of a "gas Gebe" function by appropriate manual adjustment of the actuator.
  • the electrical switch may have a switching contact for the power supply to disconnect the electric motor from the power supply when the power tool is not in use.
  • the actuator acts on switching from the and / or in the starting position on the switching contact for the operation of the electric motor switching.
  • this switching contact is located between the first electrical connections, that is, the terminals of the switch for power supply, as well as the control device.
  • control device between the first electrical connections, so the battery terminals, and the reversing circuit can be arranged.
  • the brake circuit can be designed as a mechanical switching contact for short-circuiting the electric motor.
  • the brake circuit is designed as electronics for the short-circuit braking of the electric motor. In this case, it is expedient in terms of a gentle and gentle deceleration, if it is a clocked working electronics.
  • the reversing circuit may have mechanical changeover contacts for alternately contacting the second electrical connections, that is to say the motor connections, for reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor. It is also possible that the reversing circuit is provided for electronically operating direction of rotation reversal with a power circuit.
  • the power circuit may each have a branch, each having a power semiconductor for the right and the left rotation of the electric motor.
  • the switch for the direction of rotation can be made particularly cost, since this is no longer burdened by the braking current in the normal case, ie when switching even during the braking process.
  • the cost of the switch is thus reduced, so this saving can be used for example to reinforce and / or improve the brake or the brake contact.
  • it is advantageous that no welding of the contacts can occur at very fast switching. If anything, the switch only has to turn on the power. Tearing of the contacts is not required because the switching point at which the switch is open, is still protected by the brake.
  • an electrical switch 1 is arranged with a housing 2.
  • the switch 1 is received in the housing 19 of the power tool 15 so that a manually movable by the user actuator 5 of the switch 1 protrudes from the housing 19.
  • the switch 1 has a housing 2, as in FIG Fig. 1 can be seen, in the designated by B1, B2, the first electrical connections 3 for the electrical Connection to the power supply 18 drove.
  • the switch 1 is intended for a cordless power tool, with which the battery poles B1, B2 on the energy store 18 can be connected to the corresponding terminals 3.
  • On the housing 2 of the switch 1 are further designated M1, M2, second electrical connections 4 for in Fig. 4 visible electrical connection to the electric motor 16 is arranged.
  • the switch 1 comprises the manually adjustable by the user between an initial and an end position actuator 5. If the actuator 5 is in the starting position, the electric motor 16 is turned off. If, however, the actuator 5 is moved accordingly by the user, so that the actuator 5 is outside the initial position, that is no longer in the starting position, the electric motor 16 is turned on.
  • the switch 1 has a contact system with a in Fig. 4 schematically shown switching contact 20 to which the actuating member 5 acts accordingly switching when moving out of and / or in the starting position, so that the power supply from the energy storage 18 for the power tool 15, and in particular for the operation of the electric motor 16, by means of the actuator. 5 can be switched on and / or off by the user.
  • the switch 1 also serves for the user-friendly operation of the electric motor 16, specifically for adjusting its rotational speed, torque or the like, for which purpose a control device 6 configured as electronics for controlling and / or regulating the electric motor 16 is arranged in the housing 2 of the switch 1 is.
  • the control device 6 operates the electric motor in response to the adjustment of the actuator 5, which in turn is moved accordingly by the user.
  • a brake circuit 7 acts to decelerate the electric motor 16.
  • a reversing circuit 8 for switching the direction of rotation of the electric motor 16 is located, thus can be selected by the user between clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the electric motor 16 by means of the reversing circuit 8.
  • the user actuates a on the housing 19 of the Power tool 15 located, in Fig. 4 shown actuator 21 in the manner of a slider, which acts accordingly on the reversing circuit 8.
  • the switching contact 20 between the first electrical terminals 3 and the control device 6 is located.
  • the brake circuit 7 is arranged in electrical view between the second electrical terminals 4 and the reversing circuit 8.
  • the control device 6 is arranged between the first electrical terminals 3 and the reversing circuit 8.
  • the brake circuit 7 is according to Fig. 1 designed as a mechanical switching contact 9 for shorting the electric motor 16.
  • the brake circuit 7 is formed as electronics 10 for the short-circuit braking of the electric motor 16. Conveniently, this is a clocked working electronics 10 to allow a smooth deceleration.
  • the reversing circuit 8 mechanical changeover contacts 11, 12 for alternately contacting the second electrical connections 4 for reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor 16.
  • the reversing circuit 8 is configured as a circuit for electronically operating reversal direction.
  • the reversing circuit 8 each have a branch 13, 14 for the right and the left-hand rotation of the electric motor 16.
  • the respective branch 13, 14 is supplied with voltage by means of a power circuit comprising a power semiconductor, which is presently arranged in the control device 6.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Schalter nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electrical switch according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Solche Schalter werden für Elektrowerkzeuge mit einem Elektromotor, beispielsweise für handgeführte Elektrowerkzeuge, wie Elektrobohrmaschinen, Bohrhämmer, Elektroschrauber o. dgl., verwendet.Such switches are used for electric tools with an electric motor, for example, for hand-held power tools, such as electric drilling machines, rotary hammers, electric screwdriver o.

Ein derartiger elektrischer Schalter, der aus der DE 41 14 854 A1 bekannt ist, weist ein Schaltergehäuse mit ersten elektrischen Anschlüssen für die elektrische Verbindung zu einer Spannungsversorgung sowie zweiten elektrischen Anschlüssen für die elektrische Verbindung zum Elektromotor auf. Der Schalter besitzt ein manuell vom Benutzer zwischen einer Ausgangs- und einer Endstellung verstellbares Betätigungsorgan, wobei der Elektromotor bei in der Ausgangsstellung befindlichem Betätigungsorgan ausgeschaltet sowie bei nicht in der Ausgangsstellung befindlichem Betätigungsorgan, d.h. bei Betätigung des Betätigungsorgans durch den Benutzer, zu dessen Betrieb eingeschaltet ist. Gegebenenfalls kann der Schalter eine Steuereinrichtung zum Betrieb, und zwar zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Elektromotors, wie dessen Drehzahl, Drehmoment o. dgl., in Abhängigkeit vom Verstellweg des Betätigungsorgans besitzen. Desweiteren ist der Schalter mit einer bei der Rückstellung des Betätigungsorgans in die Ausgangsstellung wirkenden Bremsschaltung zur Abbremsung des Elektromotors versehen. Schließlich ist im Schalter noch eine Umkehrschaltung zur Umschaltung der Drehrichtung des Elektromotors angeordnet. Ein ebensolcher elektrischer Schalter ist auch aus der EP 0 489 342 A2 bekannt.Such an electrical switch, from the DE 41 14 854 A1 is known, has a switch housing with first electrical connections for the electrical connection to a power supply and second electrical connections for the electrical connection to the electric motor. The switch has a manually adjustable by the user between an initial and an end position actuator, wherein the electric motor is switched off when befindlichem in the initial position actuator and not befindlichem in the initial position actuator, ie when the actuator is actuated by the user to its operation , Optionally, the switch may have a control device for operation, namely for the control and / or regulation of the electric motor, such as its rotational speed, torque o. The like., Depending on the adjustment of the actuator. Furthermore, the switch is provided with a force acting on the return of the actuator in the starting position brake circuit for braking the electric motor. Finally, a reversing circuit for switching the direction of rotation of the electric motor is arranged in the switch. A similar electrical switch is also from the EP 0 489 342 A2 known.

Bei den bekannten Schaltern ist die mechanische Bremsschaltung mittels eines elektromechanischen Schaltkontakts als Bremskontakt realisiert, der im Schaltergehäuse elektrisch vor dem mechanischen Umschalter für die Drehrichtung und den elektrisch danach folgenden Motoranschlüssen angeordnet ist. Dieselbe Anordnung ist prinzipiell auch bei Verwendung einer elektronischen Bremse anstelle des Bremskontakts möglich. Im Normalfall wird der Umschalter für die Drehrichtung des Elektromotors während der Elektromotor ausgeschaltet ist, also stromlos geschaltet. Bei sehr schneller Betätigung der Umkehrschaltung durch den Benutzer, und zwar noch vor Beendigung des Bremsvorgangs, kann es jedoch auch geschehen, daß der Umschaltkontakt der Umkehrschaltung beim Umschalten den induzierten Bremsstrom unterbricht. In diesem Fall läuft der Elektromotor noch, wobei die Bremse aus Sicht des Motors nach dem Umschalter angeordnet ist. Dann schaltet der Umschalter den Elektromotor ungewollterweise wieder ein, da beispielsweise die Sperrdiode durch die erfolgte Umschaltung in Durchlaßrichtung arbeitet. In diesem speziellem Fall ist beim Umschalten der Umschalter somit kein stromloser Schalter. Folglich unterliegt der Umschalter in der Umkehrschaltung, wie die sonstigen unter Strom schaltenden mechanischen Kontakte in elektrischen Schaltern, über dessen Lebensdauer hinweg mechanischem und elektrischem Verschleiß durch Abbrand und/oder Veränderung des Kontaktmaterials. Dieser Verschleiß tritt vor allem durch den abreißenden Lichtbogen beim Ausschalten, aber auch beim Einschalten auf. Der Verschleiß des Kontaktmaterials führt im Laufe der Lebensdauer zu einer Erhöhung des Durchgangs-Widerstandes und damit zu einer eventuell unzulässigen Erwärmung der Kontaktstellen in der Umkehrschaltung. Dies kann bei entsprechend hohen Strömen zu weiterem Verschleiß und/oder Verschweißen der Kontakte führen. Spätestens dann wenn die Kontakte komplett verschlissen sind, führt dies zum Ausfall des Schalters. Hinzu kommt, daß die meisten Umschalter für die Drehrichtung aus Kostengründen in Elektrowerkzeugschaltern in der Art von Schiebeschaltern ausgestaltet sind, welche im Normalfall für stromloses Schalten ausgelegt sind, so daß vor allem die oben genannten Umschaltungen während des Bremsvorgangs für den Umschalter sehr schädlich sind.In the known switches, the mechanical brake circuit is realized by means of an electromechanical switch contact as a brake contact, which is arranged in the switch housing electrically in front of the mechanical switch for the direction of rotation and the subsequent electrical motor connections. The same arrangement is possible in principle even when using an electronic brake instead of the brake contact. Normally, the switch is turned off for the direction of rotation of the electric motor while the electric motor is switched off. However, in the event of very rapid actuation of the reversing circuit by the user, even before the end of the braking process, it may happen that the change-over contact of the reversing circuit interrupts the induced braking current when switching over. In this case, the electric motor is still running, the brake is arranged from the perspective of the engine after the switch. Then, the switch turns the electric motor unintentionally again, since, for example, the blocking diode works through the switchover in the forward direction. In this special case, when switching the switch thus no de-energized switch. Consequently, the switch in the inverter circuit, like the other current switching mechanical contacts in electrical switches, undergoes mechanical and electrical wear over its lifetime by burning and / or altering the contact material. This wear occurs mainly due to the tearing arc when switching off, but also when switching on. The wear of the contact material leads in the course of the life to an increase in the passage resistance and thus to a possibly impermissible heating of the contact points in the reversing circuit. This can lead to further wear and / or welding of the contacts at correspondingly high currents. At the latest when the contacts are completely worn, this leads to failure of the switch. In addition, most switches for the direction of rotation are designed for cost reasons in power tool switches in the manner of sliding switches, which are normally designed for currentless switching, so that especially the above-mentioned switching during the braking process for the switch are very harmful.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den elektrischen Schalter derart weiterzuentwickeln, daß der elektrische Verschleiß der mechanischen Kontakte verringert ist, und daß damit insbesondere die Lebensdauer, Zuverlässigkeit und Schaltsicherheit des Schalters erhöht ist. Insbesondere soll auf wirtschaftliche Weise eine Entlastung des Umschaltkontaktes beim Elektrowerkzeugschalter, über den der ganze Strom zum und/oder vom Motor fließt, erreicht werden.The invention has for its object to further develop the electrical switch such that reduces the electrical wear of the mechanical contacts is, and that in particular the life, reliability and switching reliability of the switch is increased. In particular, a discharge of the changeover contact at the power tool switch, over which the entire current flows to and / or from the motor to be achieved in an economical manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen elektrischen Schalter durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a generic electrical switch by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Schalter ist die Bremsschaltung zwischen den zweiten elektrischen Anschlüssen, also den Motoranschlüssen, sowie der Umkehrschaltung angeordnet. Um den Umschalter für die Drehrichtung vor den hohen Bremsströmen und dem möglichen Aufreißen des Bremsstromes beim schnellen Umschalten zu entlasten, ist also erfindungsgemäß der Bremskontakt beziehungsweise die elektrische Bremse aus Motorsicht elektrisch vor dem Umschalter plaziert. Hierdurch wird der Umschalter durch den Bremsstrom nicht mehr belastet, da er beim Umschaltvorgang nicht mehr vom induzierten Strom durchflossen wird. Geschaffen ist damit ein stromloser Umschaltkontakt beim Umschalten der Drehrichtung durch die motorseitige Anordnung des Bremskontaktes bzw. der elektrischen Bremse in einem elektrischen Schalter für ein Elektrowerkzeug, insbesondere für ein Gleichstrom(DC)-Power-Tool. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.In the electrical switch according to the invention, the brake circuit between the second electrical connections, so the motor terminals, and the reversing circuit is arranged. In order to relieve the switch for the direction of rotation from the high braking currents and the possible tearing of the braking current during rapid switching, so according to the invention, the brake contact or the electric brake from the motor not electrically placed in front of the switch. As a result, the switch is no longer burdened by the braking current, since it is no longer traversed by the induced current during the switching process. Created is thus a currentless changeover when switching the direction of rotation by the motor-side arrangement of the brake contact or the electric brake in an electrical switch for a power tool, in particular for a direct current (DC) power tool. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In an sich bekannter Art und Weise kann der Schalter eine Steuereinrichtung zum Betrieb des Elektromotors aufweisen. Mit Hilfe der Steuereinrichtung ist somit eine Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Elektromotors bevorzugterweise in Abhängigkeit vom Verstellweg des Betätigungsorgan ermöglicht. Beispielsweise kann der Benutzer durch entsprechende manuelle Verstellung des Betätigungsorgans die Drehzahl, das Drehmoment o. dgl. des Elektromotors in der Art einer "Gas-Gebe"-Funktion einstellen.In a manner known per se, the switch can have a control device for operating the electric motor. With the aid of the control device, a control and / or regulation of the electric motor is thus preferably made possible in dependence on the adjustment path of the actuating member. For example, the user can adjust the speed, the torque o. The like. Of the electric motor in the manner of a "gas Gebe" function by appropriate manual adjustment of the actuator.

Der elektrische Schalter kann einen Schaltkontakt für die Spannungsversorgung besitzen, um den Elektromotor von der Spannungsversorgung zu trennen, wenn das Elektrowerkzeug nicht benutzt wird. Hierzu wirkt das Betätigungsorgan bei Bewegung aus der und/oder in die Ausgangsstellung auf den Schaltkontakt zum Betrieb des Elektromotors schaltend ein. Zweckmäßigerweise befindet sich dieser Schaltkontakt zwischen den ersten elektrischen Anschlüssen, also den Anschlüssen des Schalters zur Spannungsversorgung, sowie der Steuereinrichtung.The electrical switch may have a switching contact for the power supply to disconnect the electric motor from the power supply when the power tool is not in use. For this purpose, the actuator acts on switching from the and / or in the starting position on the switching contact for the operation of the electric motor switching. Conveniently, this switching contact is located between the first electrical connections, that is, the terminals of the switch for power supply, as well as the control device.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung kann die Steuereinrichtung zwischen den ersten elektrischen Anschlüssen, also den Batterieanschlüssen, sowie der Umkehrschaltung angeordnet sein. In an sich bekannter Weise kann die Bremsschaltung als mechanischer Schaltkontakt zum Kurzschließen des Elektromotors ausgebildet sein. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, daß die Bremsschaltung als Elektronik für die Kurzschlußbremsung des Elektromotors ausgebildet ist. In diesem Fall ist es im Hinblick auf eine sanfte sowie schonende Abbremsung zweckmäßig, wenn es sich um eine getaktet arbeitende Elektronik handelt.In a further embodiment, the control device between the first electrical connections, so the battery terminals, and the reversing circuit can be arranged. In a manner known per se, the brake circuit can be designed as a mechanical switching contact for short-circuiting the electric motor. Alternatively, it is also possible that the brake circuit is designed as electronics for the short-circuit braking of the electric motor. In this case, it is expedient in terms of a gentle and gentle deceleration, if it is a clocked working electronics.

Die Umkehrschaltung kann mechanische Umschaltkontakte zur wechselweisen Kontaktierung der zweiten elektrischen Anschlüsse, also der Motoranschlüsse, für die Drehrichtungsumkehr des Elektromotors aufweisen. Ebenso ist es möglich, daß die Umkehrschaltung zur elektronisch arbeitenden Drehrichtungsumkehr mit einer Leistungsschaltung versehen ist. Die Leistungsschaltung kann je einen Zweig mit jeweils einem Leistungshalbleiter für den Rechts- sowie den Linkslauf des Elektromotors aufweisen.The reversing circuit may have mechanical changeover contacts for alternately contacting the second electrical connections, that is to say the motor connections, for reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor. It is also possible that the reversing circuit is provided for electronically operating direction of rotation reversal with a power circuit. The power circuit may each have a branch, each having a power semiconductor for the right and the left rotation of the electric motor.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß der Umschalter für die Drehrichtung besonders kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann, da dieser im Normalfall, also beim Umschalten noch während des Bremsvorganges, nicht mehr durch den Bremsstrom belastet wird. Der Aufwand für den Umschalter ist somit verringert, womit diese Einsparung beispielsweise zur Verstärkung und/oder Verbesserung der Bremse beziehungsweise des Bremskontaktes verwendet werden kann. Weiterhin ist vorteilhaft, daß bei sehr schnellem Umschalten kein Verschweißen der Kontakte auftreten kann. Wenn überhaupt, so muß der Umschalter nur noch den Strom einschalten. Ein Aufreißen der Kontakte ist nicht erforderlich, da der Schaltpunkt, an dem der Umschalter offen ist, noch durch die Bremse geschützt ist. Ein solches Einschalten ist dann der Fall, wenn der Bremsvorgang noch nicht abgeschlossen ist, der Bremskontakt aber durch erneutes Drücken des Drückers, also bei Bewegung des Betätigungsorgans durch den Benutzer, schon wieder offen ist und sich der induzierte Reststrom des Motors über die Sperrdiode abbaut, die nach dem Umschalten nun für den Bremsstrom in Durchlaßrichtung arbeitet.The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the switch for the direction of rotation can be made particularly cost, since this is no longer burdened by the braking current in the normal case, ie when switching even during the braking process. The cost of the switch is thus reduced, so this saving can be used for example to reinforce and / or improve the brake or the brake contact. Furthermore, it is advantageous that no welding of the contacts can occur at very fast switching. If anything, the switch only has to turn on the power. Tearing of the contacts is not required because the switching point at which the switch is open, is still protected by the brake. Such switching is then the case when the braking operation is not yet completed, the brake contact but by pressing the pusher again, ie when moving the actuator by the user, again is open and degrades the induced residual current of the motor via the blocking diode, which now works after switching for the braking current in the forward direction.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung mit verschiedenen Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen elektrischen Schalter gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform in schematischer Art,
Fig. 2
einen elektrischen Schalter gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform in schematischer Art
Fig. 3
einen elektrischen Schalter gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform in schematischer Art und
Fig. 4
schematisch ein Elektrowerkzeug, wobei das Gehäuse des Elektrowerkzeugs teilweise aufgebrochen dargestellt ist.
Embodiments of the invention with various developments and refinements are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. Show it
Fig. 1
an electrical switch according to a first embodiment in a schematic way,
Fig. 2
an electrical switch according to a second embodiment in a schematic manner
Fig. 3
an electrical switch according to a third embodiment in a schematic manner and
Fig. 4
schematically a power tool, wherein the housing of the power tool is shown partially broken.

In Fig. 4 ist ein Elektrowerkzeug 15 mit einem Elektromotor 16 zum Antrieb eines Werkzeugs 17 zu sehen. Es kann sich dabei um ein Akku- und/oder Netz-Elektrowerkzeug handeln. Beispielhaft ist in Fig. 4 eine Akku-Bohrmaschine als Elektrowerkzeug 15 gezeigt, die mit einer Versorgungsspannung aus einem mobilen Energiespeicher 18 in der Art eines Akkus betrieben wird. Selbstverständlich kann es sich bei dem Elektrowerkzeug 15 auch um eine sonstige Elektrobohrmaschine, einen Bohrhammer, einen Elektroschrauber, einen Schleifer, eine Säge, einen Hobel, einen Winkelschleifer o. dgl. handeln.In Fig. 4 is a power tool 15 with an electric motor 16 to drive a tool 17 to see. It may be a cordless and / or mains power tool. Exemplary is in Fig. 4 a cordless drill shown as a power tool 15, which is operated with a supply voltage from a mobile energy storage 18 in the manner of a battery. Of course, the power tool 15 may also be another electric drill, a hammer drill, an electric screwdriver, a grinder, a saw, a planer, an angle grinder, or the like.

Im Gehäuse 19 des Elektrowerkzeugs 15 ist ein elektrischer Schalter 1 mit einem Gehäuse 2 angeordnet. Der Schalter 1 ist derart im Gehäuse 19 des Elektrowerkzeugs 15 aufgenommen, daß ein manuell vom Benutzer bewegbares Betätigungsorgan 5 des Schalters 1 aus dem Gehäuse 19 herausragt. Der Schalter 1 besitzt ein Gehäuse 2, wie in Fig. 1 zu sehen ist, in das mit B1, B2 bezeichnete, erste elektrische Anschlüsse 3 für die elektrische Verbindung zur Spannungsversorgung 18 fuhren. Der Schalter 1 ist vorliegend für ein Akku-Elektrowerkzeug bestimmt, womit die Batterie-Pole B1, B2 am Energiespeicher 18 mit den entsprechenden Anschlüssen 3 verbindbar sind. Am Gehäuse 2 des Schalters 1 sind weiter mit M1, M2 bezeichnete, zweite elektrische Anschlüsse 4 für die in Fig. 4 sichtbare elektrische Verbindung zum Elektromotor 16 angeordnet.In the housing 19 of the power tool 15, an electrical switch 1 is arranged with a housing 2. The switch 1 is received in the housing 19 of the power tool 15 so that a manually movable by the user actuator 5 of the switch 1 protrudes from the housing 19. The switch 1 has a housing 2, as in FIG Fig. 1 can be seen, in the designated by B1, B2, the first electrical connections 3 for the electrical Connection to the power supply 18 drove. In the present case, the switch 1 is intended for a cordless power tool, with which the battery poles B1, B2 on the energy store 18 can be connected to the corresponding terminals 3. On the housing 2 of the switch 1 are further designated M1, M2, second electrical connections 4 for in Fig. 4 visible electrical connection to the electric motor 16 is arranged.

Desweiteren umfaßt der Schalter 1 das manuell vom Benutzer zwischen einer Ausgangs- und einer Endstellung verstellbare Betätigungsorgan 5. Befindet sich das Betätigungsorgan 5 in der Ausgangsstellung, so ist der Elektromotor 16 ausgeschaltet. Wird hingegen das Betätigungsorgan 5 vom Benutzer entsprechend bewegt, so daß das Betätigungsorgan 5 außerhalb der Ausgangsstellung, also nicht mehr in der Ausgangsstellung befindlich ist, so ist der Elektromotor 16 eingeschaltet. Zu diesem Zwecke besitzt der Schalter 1 ein Kontaktsystem mit einem in Fig. 4 schematisch gezeigten Schaltkontakt 20, auf den das Betätigungsorgan 5 bei Bewegung aus der und/oder in die Ausgangsstellung dementsprechend schaltend einwirkt, so daß die Spannungsversorgung aus dem Energiespeicher 18 für das Elektrowerkzeug 15, und zwar insbesondere zum Betrieb des Elektromotors 16, mittels des Betätigungsorgans 5 vom Benutzer ein- und/oder ausschaltbar ist.Furthermore, the switch 1 comprises the manually adjustable by the user between an initial and an end position actuator 5. If the actuator 5 is in the starting position, the electric motor 16 is turned off. If, however, the actuator 5 is moved accordingly by the user, so that the actuator 5 is outside the initial position, that is no longer in the starting position, the electric motor 16 is turned on. For this purpose, the switch 1 has a contact system with a in Fig. 4 schematically shown switching contact 20 to which the actuating member 5 acts accordingly switching when moving out of and / or in the starting position, so that the power supply from the energy storage 18 for the power tool 15, and in particular for the operation of the electric motor 16, by means of the actuator. 5 can be switched on and / or off by the user.

Vorliegend dient der Schalter 1 auch zum benutzergemäßen Betrieb des Elektromotors 16, und zwar zur Einstellung von dessen Drehzahl, Drehmoment o. dgl., wozu im Gehäuse 2 des Schalters 1 eine als Elektronik ausgestaltete Steuereinrichtung 6 zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Elektromotors 16 angeordnet ist. Die Steuereinrichtung 6 betreibt den Elektromotor in Abhängigkeit vom Verstellweg des Betätigungsorgans 5, das wiederum vom Benutzer entsprechend bewegt wird. Bei Rückstellung des Betätigungsorgans 5 in die Ausgangsstellung, also wenn der Benutzer das Betätigungsorgan 5 losläßt, wirkt eine Bremsschaltung 7 zur Abbremsung des Elektromotors 16. Schließlich ist im Gehäuse 2 des Schalters 1 noch eine Umkehrschaltung 8 zur Umschaltung der Drehrichtung des Elektromotors 16 befindlich, womit mittels der Umkehrschaltung 8 vom Benutzer zwischen Rechts- und Linkslauf des Elektromotors 16 gewählt werden kann. Zur Auswahl der Drehrichtung des Elektromotors 16 betätigt der Benutzer ein am Gehäuse 19 des Elektrowerkzeugs 15 befindliches, in Fig. 4 gezeigtes Betätigungselement 21 in der Art eines Schiebers, das dementsprechend auf die Umkehrschaltung 8 einwirkt.In the present case, the switch 1 also serves for the user-friendly operation of the electric motor 16, specifically for adjusting its rotational speed, torque or the like, for which purpose a control device 6 configured as electronics for controlling and / or regulating the electric motor 16 is arranged in the housing 2 of the switch 1 is. The control device 6 operates the electric motor in response to the adjustment of the actuator 5, which in turn is moved accordingly by the user. Upon return of the actuator 5 in the starting position, so when the user releases the actuator 5, a brake circuit 7 acts to decelerate the electric motor 16. Finally, in the housing 2 of the switch 1 is still a reversing circuit 8 for switching the direction of rotation of the electric motor 16 is located, thus can be selected by the user between clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the electric motor 16 by means of the reversing circuit 8. To select the direction of rotation of the electric motor 16, the user actuates a on the housing 19 of the Power tool 15 located, in Fig. 4 shown actuator 21 in the manner of a slider, which acts accordingly on the reversing circuit 8.

Wie in Fig. 4 gezeigt ist, ist der Schaltkontakt 20 zwischen den ersten elektrischen Anschlüssen 3 sowie der Steuereinrichtung 6 befindlich. Wie man anhand der Fig. 1 weiter erkennt, ist die Bremsschaltung 7 in elektrischer Sicht zwischen den zweiten elektrischen Anschlüssen 4 sowie der Umkehrschaltung 8 angeordnet. Die Steuereinrichtung 6 ist zwischen den ersten elektrischen Anschlüssen 3 sowie der Umkehrschaltung 8 angeordnet.As in Fig. 4 is shown, the switching contact 20 between the first electrical terminals 3 and the control device 6 is located. How to use the Fig. 1 further recognizes, the brake circuit 7 is arranged in electrical view between the second electrical terminals 4 and the reversing circuit 8. The control device 6 is arranged between the first electrical terminals 3 and the reversing circuit 8.

Die Bremsschaltung 7 ist gemäß Fig. 1 als mechanischer Schaltkontakt 9 zum Kurzschließen des Elektromotors 16 ausgebildet. In einer anderen Ausgestaltung, die in Fig. 2 zu sehen ist, ist die Bremsschaltung 7 als Elektronik 10 für die Kurzschlußbremsung des Elektromotors 16 ausgebildet. Zweckmäßigerweise handelt es sich dabei um eine getaktet arbeitende Elektronik 10, um ein sanftes Abbremsen zu ermöglichen. Entsprechend der Fig. 1 oder Fig. 2 weist die Umkehrschaltung 8 mechanische Umschaltkontakte 11, 12 zur wechselweisen Kontaktierung der zweiten elektrischen Anschlüsse 4 für die Drehrichtungsumkehr des Elektromotors 16 auf. In einer anderen Ausgestaltung, die in Fig. 3 gezeigt ist, ist die Umkehrschaltung 8 als eine Schaltung zur elektronisch arbeitenden Drehrichtungsumkehr ausgestaltet. Hierfür weist die Umkehrschaltung 8 je einen Zweig 13, 14 für den Rechtssowie den Linkslauf des Elektromotors 16 auf. Der jeweilige Zweig 13, 14 wird mittels einer einen Leistungshalbleiter umfassenden Leistungsschaltung, die vorliegend in der Steuereinrichtung 6 angeordnet ist, mit Spannung versorgt.The brake circuit 7 is according to Fig. 1 designed as a mechanical switching contact 9 for shorting the electric motor 16. In another embodiment, in Fig. 2 can be seen, the brake circuit 7 is formed as electronics 10 for the short-circuit braking of the electric motor 16. Conveniently, this is a clocked working electronics 10 to allow a smooth deceleration. According to the Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 has the reversing circuit 8 mechanical changeover contacts 11, 12 for alternately contacting the second electrical connections 4 for reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor 16. In another embodiment, in Fig. 3 is shown, the reversing circuit 8 is configured as a circuit for electronically operating reversal direction. For this purpose, the reversing circuit 8 each have a branch 13, 14 for the right and the left-hand rotation of the electric motor 16. The respective branch 13, 14 is supplied with voltage by means of a power circuit comprising a power semiconductor, which is presently arranged in the control device 6.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beschriebenen und dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Sie umfaßt vielmehr auch alle fachmännischen Weiterbildungen im Rahmen der durch die Patentansprüche definierten Erfindung. So kann ein solcher elektrischer Schalter nicht nur für sämtliche Gleichstrom(DC)-Werkzeugschalter für DC-Powertools, insbesondere Drills, Bohrschrauber, Sägen, Hämmer, Schlagschrauber o. dgl., Verwendung finden sondern auch für sonstige DC-Anwendungen außerhalb des Powertool-Segmentes eingesetzt werden. Desweiteren läßt sich der elektrische Schalter auch bei mit Wechselstrom (AC) betriebenen Elektrogeräten vorteilhaft einsetzen.The invention is not limited to the described and illustrated embodiments. Rather, it also encompasses all expert developments within the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Thus, such an electrical switch can not only be used for all direct current (DC) tool switches for DC power tools, in particular drills, drill drivers, saws, hammers, impact wrenches or the like, but also for other DC applications outside of the Powertool segment be used. Furthermore, the electric switch can also be used advantageously in AC powered electrical appliances.

Bezugszeichen-Liste:Reference numeral list:

1:1:
(elektrischer) Schalter(electrical) switch
2:2:
Gehäuse (von Schalter)Housing (from switch)
3:3:
(erster elektrischer) Anschluß(first electrical) connection
4:4:
(zweiter elektrischer) Anschluß(second electrical) connection
5:5:
Betätigungsorganactuator
6:6:
Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
7:7:
Bremsschaltungbrake circuit
8:8th:
Umkehrschaltunginverter
9:9:
(mechanischer) Schaltkontakt (für Bremsschaltung)(mechanical) switching contact (for brake circuit)
10:10:
Elektronik (für Bremsschaltung)Electronics (for brake circuit)
11,12:11.12:
(mechanischer) Umschaltkontakt) (für Umkehrschaltung)(mechanical) changeover contact) (for reversing circuit)
13,14:13.14:
Zweig (für Umkehrschaltung)Branch (for reverse switching)
15:15:
Elektrowerkzeugpower tool
16:16:
Elektromotorelectric motor
17:17:
WerkzeugTool
18:18:
Energiespeicher / SpannungsversorgungEnergy storage / power supply
19:19:
Gehäuse (von Elektrowerkzeug)Housing (from power tool)
20:20:
Schaltkontaktswitching contact
21:21:
Betätigungselement (für Umkehrschaltung)Actuating element (for reversing circuit)

Claims (9)

  1. An electric switch, in particular for a power tool (15) having an electric motor (16), such as an electric drill, a drill hammer, an electric screwdriver of the like with first electrical connections (3) for the electrical connection to a power supply (18), with second electrical connections (4) for the electrical connection to the electric motor (16), with an actuating element (5) which can be adjusted between a starting and an end position, wherein the electric motor (16) is switched off when the actuating element (5) is in the starting position and is switched on for its operation when the actuating element (5) is not in the starting position, with a brake circuit (7) for slowing down the electric motor (16), said brake circuit acting when the actuating element (5) is restored to the starting position , with reversing circuit (8) for reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor (16), characterized in that the brake circuit (7) is arranged between the second electrical connections (4) and the reversing circuit (8).
  2. An electric switch according to claim 1, characterized in that upon movement from and/or into the starting position the actuating element (5) acts on a switching contact (20) by switching for the operation of the electric motor (16).
  3. An electric switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switch (1) has a control device (6) for the operation, in particular for the control and/or regulation of the electric motor (16), such as the rotational speed thereof, torque thereof or the like, depending on the adjustment range of the actuating element (5).
  4. An electric switch according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the control device (6) is arranged between the first electrical connections (3) and the reversing circuit (8).
  5. An electric switch according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching contact (20) is located between the first electrical connections (3) and he control device (6).
  6. An electric switch according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the brake circuit (7) is designed as a mechanical switching contact (9) for short-circuiting the electric motor (16).
  7. An electric switch according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the brake circuit (7) is designed as an electronics assembly (10), which operates in particular in a clocked manner, for short-circuit braking of the electric motor (16).
  8. An electric switch according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the reversing circuit (8) has mechanical switch-over contacts (11, 12) for alternately making contact with the second electrical connections (4) for reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor (16).
  9. An electric switch according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reversing circuit (8) is designed with a power circuit for the electronically operating reversal of the direction of rotation each having a branch (13, 14), each with a power semi-conductor for the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the electric motor (16).
EP10715487.4A 2009-03-11 2010-03-10 Electric switch Active EP2406801B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009012715A DE102009012715A1 (en) 2009-03-11 2009-03-11 Electric switch
PCT/DE2010/000256 WO2010102610A1 (en) 2009-03-11 2010-03-10 Electric switch

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2406801A1 EP2406801A1 (en) 2012-01-18
EP2406801B1 true EP2406801B1 (en) 2015-10-28

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10715487.4A Active EP2406801B1 (en) 2009-03-11 2010-03-10 Electric switch

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US (1) US8456113B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2406801B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102396041B (en)
DE (2) DE102009012715A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2010102610A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10497524B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2019-12-03 Black & Decker Inc. Integrated electronic switch and control module for a power tool
DE102014217863A1 (en) * 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hand tool
US10541588B2 (en) 2017-05-24 2020-01-21 Black & Decker Inc. Electronic power module for a power tool having an integrated heat sink

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE482300C (en) * 1928-03-20 1929-09-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Braking device for main current motors, especially control motors
DE4038785A1 (en) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-11 Bsg Schalttechnik DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING DEVICES SUPPLIED BY BATTERIES
DE4114854A1 (en) * 1991-05-07 1992-11-12 Marquardt Gmbh SWITCHES, ESPECIALLY BATTERY SWITCHES FOR MANUAL ELECTRIC TOOLS
DE4232402C5 (en) * 1992-09-26 2005-10-27 Marquardt Gmbh Braking circuit for an electric motor
DE4429962C2 (en) * 1994-08-24 1997-02-06 Atlas Copco Elektrowerkzeuge Hand-held power tool with a DC motor and with a brake circuit
DE19508925A1 (en) * 1995-03-13 1996-09-19 Marquardt Gmbh Electrical switch, in particular for electrical hand tools
DE19722709C2 (en) * 1996-06-03 2002-02-07 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co switching device
WO1999063643A1 (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-09 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Braking and control circuit for electric power tools
EP1145421B1 (en) * 1999-01-07 2002-07-24 Metabowerke GmbH Mains braking device for a line-powered power tool
US6741051B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-05-25 Defond Manufacturing Limited Power tool trigger control
US7476821B1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-13 Defond Components Limited Trigger mechanism

Also Published As

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WO2010102610A1 (en) 2010-09-16
CN102396041B (en) 2015-01-14
CN102396041A (en) 2012-03-28
DE102010010672A1 (en) 2010-12-09
US20120056566A1 (en) 2012-03-08
US8456113B2 (en) 2013-06-04
DE102009012715A1 (en) 2010-09-16
EP2406801A1 (en) 2012-01-18

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