EP2406692A1 - Stromverbrauch für batteriebetriebene geräte - Google Patents
Stromverbrauch für batteriebetriebene geräteInfo
- Publication number
- EP2406692A1 EP2406692A1 EP10751441A EP10751441A EP2406692A1 EP 2406692 A1 EP2406692 A1 EP 2406692A1 EP 10751441 A EP10751441 A EP 10751441A EP 10751441 A EP10751441 A EP 10751441A EP 2406692 A1 EP2406692 A1 EP 2406692A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- power consumption
- operated device
- accordance
- state
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3206—Monitoring of events, devices or parameters that trigger a change in power modality
- G06F1/3209—Monitoring remote activity, e.g. over telephone lines or network connections
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/34—Power consumption
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
- G06F1/3287—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by switching off individual functional units in the computer system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to battery- operated remote communication devices, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for modeling and controlling power consumption in battery-operated communication devices.
- Battery-operated communication devices are becoming increasingly complex. Added and more diverse capabilities and functionality result in the need for increased power. Increased power consumption results in shorter battery life. This is even more important in mobile unmanned devices in which batteries are not easily replaced or re-chargeable.
- United States Patent No. 7,266,389 relates to power management by allocating power to elements of a device needed for specific applications.
- United States Patent No. 7,260,728 distributes shares of power to specific tasks as part of a power management policy.
- a method for controlling power consumption in a battery-operated device comprising a battery, a processor and memory.
- the method includes operating the battery-operated device in accordance with a set of operating parameters; monitoring operation of the battery-operated device and generating power consumption data; and sending the generated power consumption data to a remote location .
- the method above includes receiving at least one modified operating parameter from the remote location and storing in the memory, and operating the battery-operated device in accordance with the at least one modified operating parameter.
- a battery-operated device having a battery for supplying power to the device, memory operable for storing a set of operating parameters, and a processor.
- the processor is configured to: operate the battery-operated device in accordance with the set of operating parameters, monitor operation of the battery-operated device and generate power consumption data, and send the generated power consumption data to a remote location.
- the processor is further configured to receive at least one modified operating parameter from the remote location and storing in the memory, and operate the battery-operated device in accordance with the at least one modified operating parameter.
- a global position system (GPS) tracking device including a battery for supplying power to the device; memory configured to store a set of operating parameters; a GPS module configured and operable for receiving communication signals from one or more GPS satellites and calculating location information of the device; a network communications module configured to transmit and receive communications between a data network and the device; and a processor.
- the processor is operable for: operating the battery- operated device in accordance with the set of operating parameters, monitoring operation of the battery-operated device and generating power consumption data, and sending, via the network communications module, the generated power consumption data to a remote location.
- the processor is operable for: sending, via the network communications module, the location information to a remote location, receiving at least one modified operating parameter from the remote location receiving the power consumption data and storing in the memory, and operating the battery-operated device in accordance with the at least one modified operating parameter.
- a method for estimating power consumption for a battery-operated device includes providing a first set of operating parameters, the first set of operating parameters that when loaded within memory of the battery-operated device will enable the battery-operated device to operate in accordance with a first operating mode; providing a battery power capacity value associated with a battery intended for use in the battery- operated device; processing the first set of operating parameters and the battery power capacity value in a computer-based processing system and calculating a projected battery life for the battery when the device operates in accordance with the first operating mode; and outputting the projected battery life to a user .
- a method for estimating the operational life of a battery- operated device includes providing a first set of operating parameters, the first set of operating parameters that when loaded within memory of the battery-operated device will enable the battery-operated device to operate in accordance with a first operating mode; providing a battery power capacity value associated with a battery intended for use in the battery- operated device; processing the first set of operating parameters and the battery power capacity value in a computer-based processing system and
- the method includes identifying a first set of operating parameters under which the battery-operated device is intended to operate; identifying a battery power capacity value associated with a battery intended for use in the battery- operated device; calculating, in a computer-based processing system, a projected operational life for the battery-operated device based on the first set of operating parameters and the battery power capacity value; and displaying the projected operational life .
- a computer- based processing system for simulating and estimating power consumption in a battery-operated device.
- the processing system includes memory for storing a predetermined power capacity value representing power capacity of a battery intended for use in the battery-operated device, the memory for storing operating parameters that when loaded into memory within the battery- operated device will enable the battery-operated device to operate in accordance with a first operating mode; a processor; and an output device configured for outputting the projected battery life a processor.
- the processor is configured to: generate a projected battery life for the battery-operated device based on the operating parameters and the predetermined power capacity value.
- a method for determining power consumption and battery life in a battery-operated device having a battery for supplying power to the device includes receiving historical power consumption data collected during operation of the battery- operated device in accordance with a first set of operating parameters, the first set of operating parameters enabling the battery-operated device to operate in a first operating mode; calculating, in a computer-based processing system, an observed battery life for the device based on the received historical power consumption data and a power capacity value representing a power capacity of the battery within the device; and outputting the observed battery life to a user.
- a method for modifying operation of a battery-operated device having a battery and controlling power consumption of the device includes receiving historical data via a communications link from a battery-operated device operating at a remote location in accordance with a current set of operating parameters, the historical data relates to a predetermined operating time period, and the historical data includes a number of occurrences of a first event, a total amount of time spent performing the first events, a number of occurrences of a second event, and a total amount of time spent performing the second events.
- An observed power consumption value is calculated based on the received historical data and an observed battery life is calculated which identifies an observed amount of time the battery will be able to supply power sufficient to operate the device if the device operates in accordance with the current set of operating parameters. If the observed amount of time is unacceptable, one or more parameters of the first set of parameters is modified to generate a second set of parameters, and data is sent to the battery-operated device enabling subsequent operation of the battery-operated device in accordance with the second set of parameters. [0016] In yet another embodiment, there is provided a host server for calculating power consumption in a battery-operated device and controlling its power consumption.
- the server includes a communications interface operable for receiving historical power consumption data from the battery-operated device, the historical data collected during operation of the battery-operated device in accordance with a first set of operating parameters; a processor configured to calculate an observed battery life for the device based on the received historical power consumption data and a power capacity value representing a power capacity of the battery within the device; an output device for outputting the observed battery life and one or more parameters of the first set of operating parameters to a user; and an input device for receiving user input to modify one or more parameters within the first set of operating parameters.
- the processor is further configured to send, via the communications interface, the one or more modified operating parameters to the battery-operated device, the one or more modified operating parameters enabling subsequent operation in accordance therewith.
- FIGURE 1 is a block diagram illustrating a tracking or monitoring system for use with a battery-operated device in accordance with the present disclosure
- FIGURE 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example state diagram in accordance with the present disclosure
- FIGURE 3 is a block diagram of a server or computer-based processing system in accordance with the present disclosure
- FIGURES 4A through 4D depicted four example windows or pages within a graphical user interface of the server;
- FIGURE 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method performed within the system shown in FIGURE 1 in accordance with the present disclosure
- FIGURE 6 is a more detailed flow diagram illustrating the simulation process and determination of a set of operating parameters (initial configuration) set forth In FIGURE 5
- FIGURE 7 is a more detailed diagram illustrating the process for monitoring and collecting historical power consumption data as set forth in FIGURE
- FIGURE 8 is a more detailed flow diagram illustrating the simulation process and determination of a final set of operating parameters (re-configuration) as set forth in FIGURE 5
- FIGURE 9 is a more detailed flow diagram illustrating the process for re-configuring the device 102 ⁇ for controlling power consumption) as set forth in FIGURE 5.
- FIGURE 1 is a block diagram illustrating one system 100 in which the teachings and principles of the present disclosure may be incorporated or utilized within and are applicable for a battery-operated device.
- a battery-operated device is a Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking device that has the ability to transmit GPS data over a wireless network. GPS data is used to determine the exact location of the battery- operated device (which is mounted or attached to equipment being monitored) .
- GPS Global Positioning System
- the GPS tracking device includes a location/position module (for determining location/position information such as GPS data) and a wireless communications modem or radio (e.g., a Global System for Mobile/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS) module) to transmit the location information (e.g., GPS data) to a remote communications device (e.g., host server) .
- a location/position module for determining location/position information such as GPS data
- a wireless communications modem or radio e.g., a Global System for Mobile/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS) module
- GSM/GPRS Global System for Mobile/General Packet Radio Service
- the GPS tracking device can both obtain GPS data as well as transmit the GPS data wirelessly to the remote server.
- Various GPS tracking devices may incorporate or include some of the methods and apparatus described herein, and a typical device suitable for modification and/or use in the system are available from Enfora, Inc.
- the system 100 is shown as a GPS tracking system that includes a GPS tracking device 102 and one or more GPS satellites 104.
- the system 100 also includes various remote communications devices, such as a base station 106 and a host server (or computer processing system) 108, that communicate with the GPS tracking device 102 through a telecommunications network 110.
- a base station 106 and a host server (or computer processing system) 108, that communicate with the GPS tracking device 102 through a telecommunications network 110.
- a host server or computer processing system
- the embodiments described herein illustrate an example GPS tracking device 102, the methods and apparatus described herein may be applied to, or utilized with, other battery-operated devices.
- the device is adapted for mounting to or inclusion in such equipment
- asset i.e., asset tracking and monitoring
- the GPS tracking device 102 includes a processor (e.g., controller) 120, a wireless network module 122 (such as a
- the GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem may include and store various data and settings 118, including programmable operating parameters.
- the device 102 may include a real-time clock and other components for providing additional functionality.
- the one or more sensors 126 may include sensors that measure/sense motion, temperature, velocity, presence or absence of a particular element, or include other functionality for performing any other task.
- the GPS module 124 (including a GPS receiver, not shown) receives satellite communications from one or more GPS satellites 104 and calculates GPS position/location information.
- a suitable GPS module ⁇ which includes a GSM module is available from Enfora, Inc. under part number LPP0108.
- other location determining methods may be used, such as position triangulation using one or more base stations or other reference points.
- the wireless network (or communications) module or modem 122 (including a transceiver, not shown) provides wireless communication functionality between the
- Wireless network module 122 may use any technology including, but not limited to, code division multiple access (CDMA) , global system for mobile (GSM) communications, worldwide interoperability for microwave access
- CDMA code division multiple access
- GSM global system for mobile
- WiMAX WiMAX
- a suitable communications module is available from Enfora, Inc. under part number G ⁇ M0308.
- the module 122 may be a network interface for wired communications.
- power management and consumption information are also communicated between the host server 108 and the GPS tracking device 102.
- the network 110 may include one or more local area networks (“LAN”), metropolitan area networks (“MAN”), wide area networks (“WAN”), all or portions of a global network, or any other communication system or systems at one or more locations, or combination of these, including the public switched telephone network (PSTN), Internet, packet networks and the like.
- PSTN public switched telephone network
- FIGURE 1 The system 100 shown in FIGURE 1 is for illustration purposes only. Other embodiments of the system 100 may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Other components, devices or networks may be included in the system 100, and FIGURE 1 only illustrates but one exemplary configuration to assist in describing the system and operation of apparatus and methods described herein to those skilled in the art.
- the present disclosure provides power consumption modeling and control for battery-operated devices.
- Power consumption of a device using the GPS tracking device 102 as an illustrative example, can be modeled using a state diagram, where each state (representing an operational condition, such as a defined task, process, event or function) consumes a predetermined or predictable amount of power. Entry and exit conditions represent transitions between states that occur upon an event, and likewise consume power.
- each state is represented as requiring predetermined power for one or more specific periods of time.
- the period of time is based upon both configured parameters (e.g., GPS Acquisition timeouts) and environmental conditions (e.g., access to GPS satellites), and the instantaneous power requirements are based upon both measured values (e.g., power consumption in Idle State) and site specific values (e.g., distance to cellular tower) .
- Entry and exit conditions for each state are utilized to simulate an operational environment and battery life expectancy can be calculated (projected) based on various programmable (and non-progra ⁇ unable) operating parameters.
- an event total power value can be calculated based on the number of times each event occurs in the time period of interest, and/or may also be calculated based on the total time duration spent in executing each event. Overall total power consumption can be determined.
- the raw operational data (or a calculated value of the amount of power consumed based on the raw data) is transmitted to a remote device (e.g., server 108) .
- a coulomb counter or other power measuring device or method may be used to determine power consumption for specific components or modules within the GPS tracking device 102 or for the overall device, which is transmitted to the host server 108.
- the historical operational data received from the GPS tracking device 102 at the server 108 is utilized to determine the amount of power consumed from the device's battery, and hence, the remaining power capacity in the battery life (i.e., the battery's original power capacity minus the power consumed) . From this, the battery life expectancy can be calculated based on the currently programmed operating parameters - e.g., how long will the battery last based on the device's current operating parameters.
- the number and/or time within each state or state transition can also provide additional information to analyze or assess the device's performance.
- the server 108 can (automatically or with user input) program or modify the device's operating parameters that will affect or change its future power consumption (or rate of consumption) .
- This capability enhances the underlying power consumption model described herein and allows for the operational situation observed at the device location to be utilized to recalculate and modify configurable operational parameters of the device to affect subsequent device operation. Device behavior and operation can be changed to modify the battery life of the device, both to meet new operational requirements and to reflect unexpected operational environments.
- the server 108 includes a graphical user interface (GUI) or graphical representation of battery use under user-defined usage scenarios.
- GUI graphical user interface
- a user can dynamically alter an underlying model of power consumption by varying operational parameters and/or expected environmental conditions for device operation.
- the combination of GUI and server 108 enhances the underlying power consumption model described herein and allows a user to explore a large number of device configuration options, and the effect of these modifications on battery usage and life (power consumption) prior to device placement in the field.
- the server 108 includes functionality for automatically configuring the device to parameters as configured (through the user interface) , for automatically modifying the device power consumption model based upon actual location or site behavior, modification of operational parameters, or modifications to the state machine
- the battery-operated device may function as a relay device or gateway for other remote battery-powered devices. This relay device or gateway receives power consumption or battery capacity information from the remote battery-operated devices via a wireline or wireless communication path and transmits the information to another communications device (e.g., server 108) .
- the relay device or gateway may include additional functionality to process the information and change or modify operating parameters of the remote device, or otherwise control its operation.
- FIGURE 2 there is shown a state diagram 200 illustrating various operating states and transitions between states for the GPS tracking device 102.
- This diagram models operation of the device 102 and illustrates one example of how state diagrams may be used to model device operation with a focus on power consumption.
- the specific configuration (number, function) of the states (and transitions representing entry and exit conditions) in the state diagram will depend on the desired operation and functionality of the battery- operated device, such as the GPS tracking device 102. Different types of battery-operated devices 102 (and different applications) will exhibit different states and state diagrams.
- Each state represents a defined task, process, function, operational condition or event (each can be referred to as an "event”) consumes a predetermined or predictable amount of power.
- Entry and exit conditions represent transitions between states and are associated with a defined task, process, event or function of the relevant state (s) , and may consume power.
- the state diagram 200 includes a number of different states, including an IDLE state 210, a MOTION SENSOR state 220, a GPS FIX state 230, a WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240, a MODEM CONNECT state 250, and a DATA TRANSFER state 260.
- Each state represents an operational condition of the GPS tracking device 102 in which one or more predetermined function (s) or task(s) are performed.
- a transition from one state to another state occurs in response to a detected event (or events) , activity, or condition. Examples include timeouts, motion, position, periodic checks, or a successful (or unsuccessful) process, function or task, and the like. Entry and exit scenarios are definable based on time events, detected activity, predicted performance or completion of specific tasks or operations.
- the IDLE state 210 is a state in which all or substantially all of the components in the device 102 are powered down or idle (e.g., idle or sleep state/mode) . While in this state, power consumption may be low, and the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power per unit time (IDLE state power consumption value) .
- the MOTION SENSOR state 220 is a state in which the device 102 performs a low power motion monitoring process, including activating/polling the motion sensor 126. While in this state, power consumption may be relatively low, and the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power per unit time (MOTION SENSOR state power consumption value) .
- the GPS FIX state 230 is a state in which the device 102 performs a location determining process, including activating and operating the GPS module 124 to acguire signals for determining the device's location using GPS. In this state, power consumption may be appreciable, and the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power (GPS FIX state power consumption value) .
- the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240 is state in which the device 102 waits for a period of time until a certain event occurs based on an elapsed time (timeout) and/or device position. In this state, GPS functionality remains active and geographic coordinates are calculated. Power consumption may be appreciable, and the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power (WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state power consumption value) . It will be understood that certain applications may not require a geofence determination process and may simply track the location of the device 102 periodically or as polled and the calculation of actual location information may be done in this state or in the GPS FIX state.
- the MODEM CONNECT state 250 is a state in which the device 102 performs a communications connection function to connect to a remote device, including activating and operating the GSM module 122 to initiate and setup a data communications connection or path between the device 102 and a remote device [e.g., a wireless base station or server) .
- a remote device e.g., a wireless base station or server
- power consumption may be appreciable, and the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power (MODEM CONNECT state power consumption value) .
- the DATA TRANSFER state 250 is a state in which the device 102 transfers data (or receives data) via the communications connection or path established in the MODEM CONNECT state, including activating and operating the GSM module 122 to transfer or receive data between device 102 and a remote device (e.g., wireless base station 1106 or server 108) .
- a remote device e.g., wireless base station 1106 or server 108 .
- power consumption may be appreciable, and the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power (DATA TRANSFER state power consumption value) .
- the following description illustrates one example of various transitions between states in the state diagram 200 for a GPS tracking device 102 that can be used to calculate or track power consumption in the battery-operated GPS tracking device 102.
- the configuration e.g., number, type
- the transitioning ⁇ e.g., number, type
- the task(s) or process e.g., number, type
- the calculations of power consumption and calculated remaining battery life depend on device settings and/or network-related settings that are fixed and/or programmable and environmental factors (e.g., GPS satellite acquisition time, wireless registration, or wireless signal strength) .
- the accuracy of these calculations may depend on the granularity of the state diagram and knowledge of the operational environment (and additional delineation of the number of tasks or processes within each state) .
- the power consumption and battery life calculations will likely be more accurate.
- the specific formation and configuration of the state diagram model and power consumption values utilized or chosen for a desired application/device is within the discretion of the designer and may result in a tradeoff between accuracy and complexity.
- the device 102 transitions to (enters) the IDLE state 210 upon the following conditions: (1) the device 102 (i.e., the eguipment) is stationary (not moving) and a motion timeout has occurred (transition from MOTION SENSOR state 220) ; (2) a data transfer timeout has occurred, or a data transfer is successful and when it is time for a periodic position report process to begin ⁇ transition from DATA TRANSFER state 260); (3) a connection timeout has occurred during the initial communication connection process (transition from MODEM CONNECT state 250); or (4) the device 102 is inside a certain geographic boundary, known as a "geofence," and a geofence timeout has occurred (transition from WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240) .
- the motion timeout is the amount of time allowed to determine if the device 102 is moving.
- the data transfer timeout is the time allowed for the wireless network module 122 to transfer date to a remote device.
- the periodic position reporting is the rate at which the device's position is reported (over the wireless module 122 module to a remote device) .
- the connection timeout is the time allowed for the wireless network module 122 to make a communications connection with a remote device.
- a geofence timeout is the time allowed to determine that the device's position is outside a geofence.
- a counter, timer or other time measuring device within the device 102 is activated when the IDLE state 210 is entered and deactivated when exited. This enables a determination or measurement of the amount of time device 102 spends in the IDLE state 210.
- the total time is maintained and stored within the memory 128.
- the recorded time value may start from initial deployment of the device 102 or from some other selected starting point. Other and/or multiple time periods, as desired, may be tracked and stored in the memory 128. From this, power consumption for the IDLE state is calculated as the amount of time spent in IDLE state (during the relevant time period) multiplied by the IDLE state power consumption value.
- the time period during which the amount of time within the IDLE state 210 is tracked occurs from the initial deployment or redeployment of the device 102 (if the battery is not rechargeable) , or in case the battery is rechargeable from the point in time the battery is recharged, to the present time.
- the amount of time elapsed is recorded.
- the device 102 remains in this state and transitions from (exits) the IDLE state 210 upon the following conditions: (1) it is time for a periodic motion check (transitions to MOTION SENSOR state 220); or (2) it is time for a periodic GPS check or a periodic position report ⁇ transition to GPS FIX state 230 ⁇ .
- the device 102 includes functionality for measuring the amount of time spent in the IDLE state 210 (IDLE state time) and may include functionality for calculating IDLE state power consumption based on the IDLE state power consumption value.
- IDLE state time information may be transmitted and processed externally to determine the IDLE state power consumption.
- the periodic motion check is the time to wait before testing the motion sensor for sensed movement.
- the periodic GPS check is the rate at which the device's position is checked against the geofence, regardless of the motion sensor process .
- the device 102 transitions to (enters) the MOTION SENSOR state 220 upon the following condition: (1) it is time for a periodic motion check (transition from IDLE state 210) .
- the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power per unit time or event
- MOTION SENSOR state power consumption value Similar to the IDLE state 210, a counter, timer or other time or event measuring device is activated when the state is entered and/or deactivated when exited. The total time or number of events is maintained and stored within the memory 128. From this, power consumption for the MOTION SENSOR state 220 is calculated as the amount of time spent in the MOTION SENSOR state or number of events ⁇ during the relevant time period) multiplied by the MOTION SENSOR state power consumption value.
- MOTION SENSOR state 220 upon the following conditions: (1) the device 102 is not moving and a motion timeout has occurred
- the device 102 transitions to (enters) the GPS FIX state 230 upon the following conditions: (1) it is time for a periodic GPS check or a periodic position report (transition from IDLE state 210) ; or (2) the device is moving, or it is time for a periodic GPS check or a periodic position report (transition from MOTION SENSOR state 220) .
- the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power per unit time or event (GPS FIX state power consumption value) . Similar to the other states, a counter, timer or other time or event measuring device is activated when the state is entered and/or deactivated when exited. The total time and/or number of events is maintained and stored within the memory 128. From this, power consumption for the GPS FIX state 230 is calculated as the amount of time spent or number of events (during the relevant period) multiplied by the GPS FIX state power consumption value. [0060] When in the GPS FIX state 230, the amount of time elapsed and/or number of times in this state is recorded.
- the device 102 remains in this state and transitions from (exits) the GPS FIX state 230 upon the following conditions: (1) valid location information is determined (transition to WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240) ; or (2) a GPS fix timeout has occurred (transition to MODEM CONNECT state 250) .
- the GPS fix timeout is the time allowed to acquire a valid position for the device (e.g., using the GPS module) .
- the device 102 transitions to (enters) the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240 upon the following conditions: (1) valid location information is determined (transition from GPS FIX state 230); or (2) a data transfer is successful and not when it is time for a periodic position report process to begin (transition from DATA TRANSFER state 260) .
- the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power per unit time or event (WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state power consumption value) . Similar to the other states, a counter, timer or other time or event measuring device is activated when the state is entered and/or deactivated when exited.
- the total time and/or number of events is maintained and stored within the memory 128. From this, power consumption for the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240 is calculated as the amount of time spent or number of events (during the relevant time period) multiplied by the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state power consumption value .
- the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240 When in the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240, the amount of time elapsed and/or number of times in this state is recorded. The device 102 remains in this state and transitions from (exits) the WAIT OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240 upon the following conditions: (1) the device 102 is within the geofence (transition to IDLE state 210); or (2) the device 102 is outside the geofence or it is time for a periodic position report process to begin (transition to MODEM CONNECT state 250) .
- the device 102 transitions to (enters) the MODEM CONNECT state 250 upon the following conditions: (1) a GPS timeout has occurred (transition from WAIT GPS FIX state 230); or (2) the device 102 is outside the geofence or it is time for a periodic position report process to begin (transition from WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240) .
- the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power per unit time (MODEM CONNECT state power consumption value) . Similar to the other states, a counter, timer or other time or event measuring device is activated when the state is entered and/or deactivated when exited.
- the total time and/or number of events is maintained and stored within the memory 128. From this, power consumption for the MODEM CONNECT state 250 is calculated based on the amount of time spent and/or number of events (during the relevant time period) multiplied by the MODEM CONNECT state power consumption value. [0066] When in the MODEM CONNECT state 250, the amount of time elapsed and/or the number of times in this state is recorded. The device 102 remains in this state and transitions from (exits) the MODEM CONNECT state 250 upon the following conditions: (1) a communications connection is established (transition to DATA TRANSFER state 260) ; or (2) a connection timeout has occurred (transition to IDLE state 210) .
- the device 102 transitions to (enters) the DATA TRANSFER state 260 upon the following condition: (1) a communications connection is established (transition from MODEM CONNECT state 250) .
- the device 102 consumes a predetermined or predicted amount of power per unit time and/or number of events (DATA TRANSFER state power consumption value) . Similar to the other states, a counter, timer or other time or event measuring device is activated when the state is entered and/or deactivated when exited. The total time and/or number of events is maintained and stored within the memory 128. From this, power consumption for the DATA TRANSFER state 260 is calculated as the amount of time spent and/or number of events (during a relevant time period) multiplied by the DATA TRANSFER state power consumption value .
- the DATA TRANSFER state power consumption value includes two components: transmit power consumption and receive power consumption. These may be calculated independently and each one has its own power consumption value. For example, the transmit power may be based on amount of data and the projected data rate during a transmit DATA TRANSFER. [0070] When in the DATA CONNECT state 250, the amount of time elapsed and/or the number of times in this state is recorded.
- the device 102 remains in this state and transitions from (exits) the DATA TRANSFER state 260 upon the following conditions: (1) a data transfer is successful and not when it is time for a periodic position report process to begin (transition to WAIT FOR
- the total time, number of events and/or combination thereof is maintained and stored within is stored in memory 128.
- the recorded time value and/or number of events may start from initial deployment of the device 102 or from some other selected starting point. Other and/or multiple relevant time periods, as desired, may be tracked and stored in the memory 128. From this, power consumption for that state is calculated as the amount of time spent or number of events (during the relevant time period) multiplied by that state's power consumption value.
- the time period during which the amount of time or number of times within that state is tracked occurs from the initial deployment or redeployment of the device 102 (if the battery is not rechargeable) , or in case the battery is rechargeable from the point in time the battery is recharged, to the present time.
- the memory 128 may be any suitable memory, and in one embodiment, the memory 128 includes non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.
- the total power consumption may require adjustment to take into account the additional energy added to the rechargeable battery.
- a solar panel is connected to the rechargeable battery and a coulomb counter is monitoring the charging current.
- the device 102 would include an energy harvesting device (e.g., solar panel) and a coulomb counter or other means known to those skilled in the art to count or determine the amount of power transferred or added to the rechargeable battery 130.
- the amount of added energy can be stored in memory of the device 102 for later use and/or transmission to the host server 108.
- the device 102 includes functionality for measuring the amount of time spent and/or the number of times in each state (" state name " state time) and may include functionality for calculating that state' s power consumption based on that state's power consumption value. This information and/or calculated value is stored in the memory 128. Alternatively, each state's time and/or event information may be transmitted and processed externally to determine that state' s power consumption, such as by transmitting this information to the server 108 for storing in the memory 308 and processed. [0073] For the relevant predetermined time period, the power consumption of each state is added together to arrive at a total power consumption of the device 102. As noted, this calculation may be performed by the device 102 (and stored in memory 128) or the server 108 (and stored in memory 308) .
- the power consumption (predicted/calculated) may be based on the amount of time in the state and the power consumed per unit time for that state, such as described above with respect to FIGURE 2. Total power consumption for the device 102 may be calculated by adding the power consumption for all states.
- power consumption may be based on the number of times the state was entered and/or exited (per transition) and the power consumed per entry and/or exit for that state. Only entries, only exits, or both entries and exits, may be tracked and stored for each state. Since entry and exits for a state may be based on different operating conditions or processes, and thus may be associated with different amounts of power, both entries and exits might be separately tracked.
- the power consumption may be based on a combination of the two embodiments above. Some states may simply be "waiting" states that consume power based on the amount of time in the waiting state, while other states may have their power consumption based on the number of times the state was entered and/or exited (per transition) .
- a state may include various tasks or operations (including attempts, failures and successes) within that state and the power consumed may be based on the number of tasks/operations that may take place in that state times and/or the number of times the task/operation was attempted, failed, and/or was successfully performed.
- a state (such as shown in FIGURE 2) itself may be partitioned to include various sub-states modeled with one or more sub-state diagrams. The sub- states would then have power consumption (per unit time, per entry/exit, per task or operations therein) associated therewith which would provide a total overall power consumption for the state.
- the power consumed may be based on any combination of the foregoing.
- the state tracking or power consumption tracking process enabling power consumption (ongoing or predicted) of the device 102 to be calculated may be implemented within the device 102 as a state machine (discrete or processor-based) , as a separate task or process in a multi-task processing environment, or integrated within the device's operating system or main functional program.
- the exact configuration and physical implementation may be chosen by those skilled in the art.
- the present disclosure teaches partitioning the device's global operation or functioning into a plurality of states (or possibly functions) . Each state has associated therewith a predetermined power consumption value. Because the device 102 operates using a battery having a rated power capacity, the operational life of the device (when the battery is not rechargeable) coincides with the battery's power rating (battery life) . With knowledge of the expected functioning and operating parameters of device operation (including the rate that certain states, tasks or processes are performed) , the operational life of the device 102 can be initially calculated prior to operational deployment. In response to this information, operating parameters and functions may be modified to increase (decrease) the expected battery life, and thus the operational life of the device 102, prior to deployment.
- operational power consumption for each state can be calculated for a predetermined period of time.
- Each state's power consumption may be calculated in this manner and a total operational power consumption for the device 102 is determined for the predetermined period of time (usually from inception/deployment to the present time) .
- the amount of remaining battery life and operational life of the device 102 is determinable .
- certain operating parameters of the device 102 may be modified in the field through wireless communications to the device 102 to cause an increase in its life (time) , as desired. This information may also be utilized to determine an approximate time to replace the device's battery before any power shutdown occurs .
- the device may perform this process (calculations and modifications) internally.
- the device 102 may include functionality (not shown) to calculate its total power consumption periodically, as described with respect to FIGURE 2, calculate its remaining operational life (using stored information of its battery's power rating), and with stored information indicating its targeted operational life, may modify its own operational parameters to achieve this target.
- the calculated remaining battery life information may also be transmitted to the server 108 to provide notification of the end of life date which may be compared against an expected number stored in the server 108 for that device 102, and further action may be taken (as described herein) .
- FIGURE 3 there is shown a block diagram of the server 108 (referred to generically as a computer-based processing system 300) implemented with components and software/firmware providing sufficient processing power, memory resources, input/output devices and network interface capabilities.
- the processing system 300 is suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein.
- the processing system 300 can be configured and utilized to operate and function as: (1 ⁇ a conventional host server communicating with the GPS tracking device 102 (e.g., receiving data); (2) a power consumption estimator (for initial programming of operating parameters for the device 102); (3) a real-time power consumption monitor and adaptor (for determining power consumption of the deployed device 102 and adapting/reprogramming its operating parameters); and/or (4) a graphical user interface (GUI) for representation of different device configurations (operating parameters) and the effect of these different configurations on battery life.
- GUI graphical user interface
- a single processing system 300 may include functionality to perform all of the above, or two or more separate systems 300 may be used, as desired.
- the processing system 300 includes a processor 302 ⁇ which may be referred to as a central processing unit or CPU) in communication with memory 308, input/output (I/O) devices 306, and network connectivity devices 304.
- Memory 308 may include volatile (e.g., RAM, etc.) and or non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM, flash, hard disk drives, etc.) .
- the memory 308 is used to store computer programs, instructions and other data.
- the I/O devices 306 may include printers, video monitors, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) , touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches, dials, mice, track balls, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tape readers, or other known input devices.
- LCDs liquid crystal displays
- the network connectivity devices 304 may take the form of one or more modems, modem banks, Ethernet cards, network interface cards (NICs) , universal serial bus (USB) interface cards, serial interfaces, token ring cards, fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) cards, wireless local area network (WLAN) cards, radio transceiver cards such as code division multiple access (CDMA) and/or global system for mobile communications (GSM) radio transceiver cards, and/or other known network devices.
- NICs network interface cards
- USB universal serial bus
- FDDI fiber distributed data interface
- WLAN wireless local area network
- radio transceiver cards such as code division multiple access (CDMA) and/or global system for mobile communications (GSM) radio transceiver cards, and/or other known network devices.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- GSM global system for mobile communications
- the operation and structure of the processing system 300 is well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the processing system 300 includes the foregoing components and functionality, and no additional description of the components and software processes (functionality) of a server or processing system, other than as noted herein or relevant for an understanding of the present disclosure, is provided, as these are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be understood that the processing system 300 may be constructed or configured from any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof for providing the functionality known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the processing system 300 will include additional functionality or perform additional method (s) or process (es) described herein in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- the global functioning of the GPS tracking device 102 is partitioned into a plurality of states to form a state diagram
- Each state ⁇ and/or transitions between states represents a particular function or process, and each state has associated therewith a power consumption value.
- Programmable operating parameters such as timeouts (waiting for a time period to perform a function or wait for an event to occur) , periodic checks or reports, frequency of operation and site specific operating parameters, such as time to acquire GPS, time to acquire wireless connection, and frequency of motion detection, define the overall operation of the device 102.
- the frequency in which (and amount of time necessary to perform) tasks, checks, and reporting are scheduled to occur, the length of programmed timeouts and other operations affect power consumption in the device 102. For example, periodic reporting to the host server 108 at every thirty minutes versus every sixty minutes would increase power consumption resulting from periodic reporting by a factor of two.
- this modeling can be utilized to explore a different number of operating parameter configurations (operational profile) and the effect of these configurations on battery life prior to deployment (using processing system 300) .
- This enables a user to input operating parameters, process the parameters, and view the battery life resulting from that set of operating parameters. From this, a user may select an appropriate set of operating parameters to meet a certain battery life requirement for the device 102.
- the term "set" may include one or more operating parameters.
- this modeling and actual tracking (monitoring) of state and state transitions within the device 102 enables real-time monitoring of power consumption (battery capacity consumed) , recalculation of remaining battery life based on the currently programmed operating parameters and observed conditions, and modification of the device's operating parameters, if necessary, to achieve the desired battery life (i.e., operational life of device 102 ⁇ .
- FIGURES 4A through 4D there are depicted several different example windows or pages 402, 404, 406, 408 within a GUI 400 of the host server 108.
- the server 108 includes various processes for generating these GUI windows in accordance with a power optimization application program (not shown) executing within the computing system 300 of the server 108.
- the GUI 400 provides a display of, and control over, various operational parameters of the device, including reporting intervals, general device behavior and device configuration parameters (as described herein) , and also simulation models.
- the GUI windows are configured to enable user input and display of variables and other information.
- each window 402, 404, 406, 408 includes a frame 410 having a Load Device field 412 for input/display of a unique device identifier (e.g., identifier for a device 102 ⁇ and a plurality of buttons 414 for initiating various actions, including Reset, Set to Default, Save and RT Toggle.
- a unique device identifier e.g., identifier for a device 102 ⁇
- buttons 414 for initiating various actions, including Reset, Set to Default, Save and RT Toggle.
- Each window also includes a frame 420 for enabling visualization of certain information including battery life 422, projected battery life 424, observed battery usage 426, and a table 430 providing values of total power consumed by each of a plurality of states or modes, such as an IDLE state or mode 432, a motion detection state or mode 434, a GPS state or mode 436 and a GSM (wireless communications) state or mode 438.
- the data in these fields is the calculated power consumption (per time period) based on a desired set of operating parameters (i.e., historical device information is unavailable) or the actual set of operating parameters of the device 102 deployed in the field. Though only four are shown, fewer or additional states or modes may be included and shown.
- the default battery life is based on a theoretical power model, using measured values in one or more typical operational scenarios and configured device parameters, the theoretical battery capability, and/or any power that may be locally available (e.g., energy harvesting) .
- Observed battery life is determined based upon observed device performance, and assumes that device parameters remain as currently configured.
- Projected battery life is determined based upon observed performance, and is modified as directed by GUI manipulations.
- the default battery life 422, the projected battery life 424 and the observed battery usage 426 are shown each having a bar graph 440 and a numeric field 442 indicating a respective value for a time period (e.g., months) or as a percentage of the default battery life, as shown.
- the observed battery usage 426 provides an indication of the total power consumption of a device 102 deployed (or previously deployed) in the field. As will be appreciated, this value is the total power consumption of the device 102 as calculated and described above (based on the device's power consumption data transmitted to the server 108) .
- Each window 402, 404, 406, 408 also includes a frame 450 having an area in which one or more variable operating parameters 452 associated with the particular state or mode are displayed, and the GUI window is configured to enable user input capability to change/modify the variable (i.e., programmable) parameters 452, as shown.
- the variable operating parameters 452 within the frame 450 of the window 402 includes three parameters relating to the motion detection mode: a sleep time parameter 460, an active time parameter 462 and a sensitivity parameter 464.
- the sleep time parameter 460 is the amount of time in the IDLE state 210 before initiating a periodic motion check.
- the active time parameter 462 is the amount of time in the MOTION SENSOR state 220 before initiating a transition to the WAIT FOR GPS FIX state 230.
- the sensitivity parameter 464 is the amount of motion required to determine movement in the MOTION SENSOR state 220
- Each parameter 460, 462, 464 is shown having a sliding scale 466 and a numeric input/display field 468 indicating a respective value for that parameter. Including both the sliding scales 466 and fields 468 allow a user to adjust the parameter in different manners, as known to those skilled in the art. It will be understood, changing or modifying the data in one or more fields 468 within window 402 will likely change the power consumption calculations.
- the variable operating parameters 452 within the frame 450 of the window 404 includes six parameters relating to the location monitoring mode (GPS mode) : a geofence address parameter 470, a geofence radius parameter 471, a location check interval parameter 472, a GPS timeout parameter 474, a geofence accuracy parameter 476, and a second GPS timeout parameter 478.
- the geofence address parameter 470 typically identifies a point that defines the center location of a geofence, while the geofence radius parameter 471 defines the area around the geofence address, which are used for determine whether the device 102 is inside or outside the geofence (in the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240) .
- the location check interval parameter 472 defines the amount of time between GPS location checks when in the IDLE state 210.
- the GPS timeout parameter 474 defines the amount of time in the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240 before declaring an "outside geofence" event.
- the geofence accuracy parameter 476 defines the number of samples indicating that the device is within the geofence before declaring an "inside geofence” event in the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240.
- the second GPS timeout parameter identifies what action to take when the GPS process timeouts without a fix.
- Each parameter 472, 474, 476 is shown having a sliding scale 466 and a numeric input/display field 468 indicating a respective value for that parameter (see FIGURE 4B ⁇ .
- the geofence address parameter 470 and the geofence radius parameter 471 are shown having a numeric input/display field 470a and a numeric input/display field 471a, respectively.
- the second GPS lock parameter 478 includes a plurality of checkboxes 479 allowing selection of a particular action to be taken by the device 102 when a GPS lock timeout occurs.
- Example actions may include (1) taking no action, (2) sending the last known position information to a remote device (e.g., the server 108), or (3 ⁇ perform a secondary location determining method (using cellular triangulation) .
- Other suitable actions may be configured to be selected, as desired.
- Changing or modifying the data in one or more fields 468 or the checkboxes 479 within the window 404 will likely change the power consumption calculations (though changing the geofence address may or may not result in more or less power consumption) .
- the variable operating parameters 452 within the frame 450 of the window 406 include two parameters relating to the communication or reporting mode (GSM mode) : a reporting interval parameter 480 and a message content parameter 482.
- the reporting interval parameter 481 defines the amount of time between periodic position reports when in the IDLE state 210.
- the message content parameter 482 defines parameters that configure the device 102 to transmit measured statistical information ⁇ power consumption information (raw data or the observed power estimate calculated by the device
- the parameter 482 is shown having a sliding scale 466 and a numeric input/display field 468 indicating a respective value for that parameter (see FIGURE 4C) .
- the message content parameter 472 includes a plurality of checkboxes 484 allowing selection of the type and content of data that will be reported.
- transmitted data examples include (1) motion detection data, (2) GPS (location) data, and/or (3) GSM (communications) data. Other data may also be listed for selection, as desired. Changing or modifying the data in one or more fields 468 or the checkboxes 484 within the window 404 will likely change the power consumption calculations.
- the variable operating parameters 452 within the frame 450 of the window 408 include a plurality of advanced parameters for configuring additional device settings used to simulate the operational environment of the device 102.
- GPS Acquisition parameter is the projected time required for a typical GPS fix
- Geofence Sample Rate parameter is the rate at which samples of location are extracted in the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240
- Geofence Samples Taken parameter is the typical number of location samples that are utilized to determine presence inside a geofence in the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240
- GSM Registration parameter is the average time taken to establish a connection in the wireless network in the MODEM CONNECT state 250;
- GSM Registration Average Timeout parameter is the average amount of time for the connection timeout in the MODEM CONNECT state 250;
- GSM Data is the average amount of time spent in the DATA TRANSFER state 260; and (7)
- GSM Tx parameter is the average time to transmit data in the DATA TRANSFER state 260.
- the expected probabilities of timeout events are modeled. These probabilities include: (1) Device in Motion parameter (used in simulation) is the percentage of time motion is expected to be detected in the MOTION SENSOR state 220; (2) % Acquisition Failure parameter (used in simulation) is the percentage of time the GPS timeout is expected to occur WAIT FOR GPS FIX state 230; (3) % Geofence parameter (used in simulation) is the percentage of time the device is detected to be outside the geofence in the WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE state 240; (4) % GSM Reg Timeout parameter (used in simulation) is the percentage of time that a connection timeout is detected in the MODEM CONNECT state 250; and(5)% GSM Data (used in simulation) is the percentage of time that a transfer timeout occurs in the DATA TRANSFER state 260.
- variable operational parameters 452 are used to calculate the default battery life in the absence of observed device parameters, and are replaced with observed parameters in order to calculate the observed battery life and projected battery life.
- any number, nature and type of variable operational parameters 452 may be utilized based on the type or functionality of the battery-operated device. Fewer or additional parameters 452 may be configured than the example parameters shown in FIGURES 4A through 4D (and described above) .
- Each of the variable operational parameters are included in a set of operational parameters currently configured for a deployed device 102 or that are in the process of being determined to provide an initial pre-deployment configuration for a device 102.
- the power optimization application program By modifying/changing a parameter value, the power optimization application program recalculates the projected power consumption (and projected battery life) enabling visualization of the impact (s) on the projected battery life caused by modifying a parameter value.
- the power optimization application program calculates the projected power consumption and projected battery life by processing the currently configured parameters using a particular power model ⁇ e.g., state diagram) applicable to the device (such as the device 102 ⁇ . This power optimization process can be done to calculate a projected battery life (of the battery 130 within the device 102) , and thus the operational life of the device 102, prior to deployment.
- Parameters can be modified to adjust the calculated power consumption to attain a desired operational life (projected battery life) for the device 102. Once a set of operational parameters is determined that meets the desired battery life, the device 102 may be configured with these parameters and deployed to the field (initial configuration) .
- Initial configuration of the parameters within the device 102 (in the settings may be accomplished in any suitable manner, and in one embodiment, the host server 108 programs the parameters by transmitting them to the device 102 via wireline or wireless communications which are stored as the operational parameters settings 118 in the memory 128, thus programming certain device operations.
- the set of operational parameters may also be programmed into a programmable device and incorporated into the device 102.
- the program can process this information in conjunction with the known current set of operational parameters and calculate the projected battery life/operational life of the device 102.
- the known current set of operational parameters may be retrieved from the server 108 (stored in memory 308 at the time of initial configuration) or may be sent from the device 102 itself (stored in memory 128) to the server 108. This calculation is done using the actual/observed power consumption information and a calculated projected remaining life based on current operating parameters. For example, if the device 102 has been detected to be in motion 1 percent of the time, while the default configuration was 0.1 percent, a significant increase in power consumption would be observed. If the new projected battery life is insufficient to meet the desired operational life of the device 102, parameters can be modified to adjust the power consumption rate to attain the desired operational life for the device 102.
- the device 102 may be configured with these parameters in any suitable manner (deployed reconfiguration) .
- the set of parameters are transmitted to the device 102 via a communications link (wireless, wireline or combination thereof) .
- the server 108 transmits the operating parameters to the device 102 in a data packet along with one or more commands instructing the device 102 to store the new parameters in the operating parameters settings 118 of the memory 128 ⁇ thereby replacing one or more current parameters) . Thereafter, the device 102 operates in accordance with the modified parameters.
- FIGURE 5 there is illustrated a method or process 500 (projecting, estimating and controlling power consumption of a battery-operated device ⁇ executed or performed by the system 100.
- the method 500 provides a power consumption management control process for a battery-operated device (e.g., device 102) and will be described from an initial simulation/configuration of the GPS tracking device 102 to monitoring/controlling power consumption in the device 102.
- a battery-operated device e.g., device 102
- a power consumption model is determined based on the unique characteristics and functionality of the device 102.
- the power consumption model provides the underlying means or method that enables initial configuration of operating parameters, monitoring of the various processes/tasks/functions performed by the device 102 during operation, calculating observed power consumption, and modifying operating parameters during device operation.
- device operation and knowledge of all operable functions (and parameters that affect these functions) of the device 102 is known and utilized to create a process or state diagram corresponding to device operation. All processes/tasks/functions are partitioned into separate states and attributed a predetermined power consumption value representing an amount of power that will be consumed during execution of each of the separate states.
- the power consumption model is represented as a state diagram having multiple states having entries and exits (transitions) . It will be understood that the states and transitioning conditions are determined based on the functionality of the device 102. The predetermined power consumption values may be obtained as described previously. [00112] As will be appreciated, after development of the power consumption model, it may be Implemented as a power consumption computer program within a computing device, such as the server 108.
- Step 502 After development of a computer program implementing the known power consumption model of the battery-powered device 102 (Step 502), simulation (s) of the expected or projected power consumption of the device 102 are performed using one or more sets of operating parameters (Step 504) .
- These operational parameters may be input directly through I/O devices of the host server 108 or may be obtained from one or more stored sets of default parameters through use of the GUI 400. Other input means and display means may be utilized. As will be appreciated, the relevant operational parameters may be initially and/or continuously displayed to the user through the GUI 400 (or other output device) .
- simulation includes calculating a default battery life based on a first set of device operating parameters and calculating a projected battery life based on a second set of operating parameters.
- the projected battery life may also be referred to as the operational life of the device 102
- the first set of parameters may be based on one or more typical operational scenarios each associated with a set of default device parameters that has been manually input or previously stored (in memory 308 ⁇ in the host server 108. Further, this initial set may be retrieved from memory 128 of the device 102 through a communications link (wire, wireless) between the device and an communications interface within the server 108.
- the default battery life will also depend on the power capacity of the battery 130 of the device 102. Battery power capacity may be input separately using the GUI or set as one of the default device parameters. [00115] Initially, the projected battery life will equal the default battery life (because the first initial set of operating parameters is used to initially calculate both) .
- the battery life is recalculated based upon observed historical data (e.g., numbers of timeout event, avert time for GPS Acquisition, etc. ⁇ and the current configuration. Since this new model is more accurate than the original model, this "observed" battery life may differ from the default battery life, and may need to be modified in order to operate as desired.
- a user may modify one or more parameters within the initial first set of parameters to generate a second or modified set of parameters via the GUI 400 (illustrated in FIGURES 4A-D) , and a new projected battery life is calculated and displayed (or otherwise output or conveyed to the user) .
- one or more parameters may be changed prior to recalculation of the projected battery life. As operating parameters are modified, the user sees (in the display) the effect the changed parameter (s) have on the projected battery life - thus enabling simulation of any number of different device operational scenarios for device 102.
- a user may desire certain selected operating parameters to be set in such a way so as to provide a desired functionality for the device 102 (e.g., reporting intervals, type and amount of data reported, frequency of acquiring GPS location information, etc.).
- the user sets the desired operating parameters and a new projected battery life is calculated. Once determined, the projected battery life may be acceptable or unacceptable (i.e., meets or exceeds a desired battery life or operating life for the device) .
- the current set of parameters is final and the device 102 is ready for initial configuration. If unacceptable, one or more of the same or other parameters may be modified.
- Step 506 The device 102 is then initially configured (programmed) with this final or operational set of parameters (Step 506) which are stored in the settings 118 portion of the memory 128.
- the process of initially configuring the device 102 may be implemented or accomplished in any suitable manner, including those described previously. It will be understood that device 102 may be configured (programmed) with a default set of operating parameters (may be deemed the initial parameters) , such as during manufacturing of the device, and configuring the device may include replacing the entire set of default parameters with the final set of operating parameters or replacing only those default parameters that have been modified during the simulation.
- the device 102 may be deployed prior to initial configuration, and this final set of operating parameters may be sent to the device 102 after deployment.
- the GPS tracking device 102 is deployed (Step 508) to a location remote from the host server 108, per the desired application, and rendered operational.
- the device 102 is attached or mounted to another apparatus/device (commonly referred to as an "asset") for tracking.
- the asset and device 102 are mobile and typically move between various remote locations.
- the GPS tracking device 102 executes one or more operational program(s) or process (es) in accordance with its intended application and the configured set of parameters (an operating mode) .
- the device 102 collects information related to power consumption (power consumption data) (Step 510) . More specifically, the number of times each state is entered/exited, the amount of time spent in each state, the quantity of occurrences of each exit criteria (e.g., event timeout or geofence violation) and other power affecting activity (e.g., temperature at time of operations or distance from GSM cell tower) , is monitored and stored in memory 128. This data or information is referred to as the historical power consumption data.
- This process may operate as a state machine (in accordance with the state diagram shown in FIGURE 2 ⁇ and/or as a separate task within a multi-task environment.
- this procedure may be as simple as detecting and storing the number of times each relevant event, process or task is attempted and/or successfully completed. In yet other embodiments, this procedure may be accomplished by measuring current consumption directly, such as with a coulomb counter, providing even more precise power consumption measurements.
- FIGURE 7 there is a more detailed diagram illustrating the monitoring and collection of the historical power consumption data.
- Data collection for a particular state (n) begins when entry ⁇ i.e., transition) into state(n) is detected ⁇ Step 700). A state (n) counter is incremented (Step 702) and a timer is started
- Step 704 At some point, an exit (i.e., transition) out of state ⁇ n) is detected (Step 706).
- the timer is stopped (Step 708) and the timer value is added to an accumulated total time for state (n) (Step 710) .
- the counter(s) may be implemented utilizing any suitable circuitry and/or firmware/software, such as one or more dedicated registers or other memory storage locations.
- the timer (s) may be implemented utilizing any suitable circuitry and/or firmware/software. It will be understood that the number of states "n" depend on the specific configuration of the power consumption model and state diagram configured for the device 102.
- the historical power consumption data is sent or transmitted to the remote host server 108 (Step 512) . Transmission may occur periodically, as programmed, in response to a request received from the host server 108 or in response to the occurrence of an particular event. In one embodiment, the historical power consumption data may be transmitted wirelessly or via wireline (or combination thereof) .
- this data is transmitted from the device
- the GPS tracking device 102 may be programmed with the power consumption model and the predetermined power consumption values for each state/process/function/task. In this implementation, the GPS tracking device may calculate the "observed" real-time consumption of power based on the collected historical power consumption value, and the power consumption data sent to the host server 108 may be this calculated observed power consumption.
- the server 108 receives the historical power consumption data and calculates the "observed" power consumption for device 102. This calculation is based on the programmed power consumption model, the predetermined power consumption values for each state/process/function/ta ⁇ k and the historical power consumption data received from the device 102. For example, the total amount of time (and/or number of times the actions/tasks are performed) measured for the device 102 to perform the various actions/tasks, such as MOTION SENSOR, GPS FIX, WAIT FOR OUTSIDE GEOFENCE, MODEM CONNECT, and DATA TRANSFER (as described in detail herein) , may be utilized to determine an average time to perform the action/task (or total time for that activity, such as IDLE state) .
- the host server 108 may identify the device 102 and retrieve the current set of operating parameters that were previously stored in the host server at initial configuration (or reconfiguration) . Alternatively, the device's current set of operating parameters may be transmitted from the device 102 along with the historical power consumption data. Based on the current operating parameters, the calculated observed power consumption, the programmed power consumption model, the predetermined power consumption values for each state/process/function/task and the historical power consumption data received from the device 102, the observed battery life may be calculated (Step 514) . The observed battery life indicates the amount of total life left for the battery under current device conditions (historical data and currently programmed operating parameters) .
- the values of the observed power consumption, the observed battery life, and the relevant operational parameters may be initially and/or continuously displayed to the user through the GUI 400 (or other output device) during this process.
- the projected battery life equals the observed battery life. In the event the projected battery life is acceptable (e.g., meets or exceeds the originally desired battery life at initial configuration or a newly determined desired life) , then no further action is required in order to meet the projected battery life and the device 102 may continue operating in accordance with its current set of operating parameters.
- the new projected battery life is unacceptable and does not meet the desired battery life (e.g., the originally desired battery life at initial configuration or a newly determined desired life)
- simulation (s) of the expected or projected power consumption of the device 102 are performed using one or more sets of modified operating parameters (Step 516) .
- the user sets the desired operating parameters and a new projected battery life is calculated. Once determined, the projected battery life may be acceptable or unacceptable. If acceptable, the current modified set of parameters becomes final and the device 102 is ready for re-configuration. If unacceptable, one or more of the same or other parameters may be modified.
- the user may modify one or more parameters within the current set of parameters to generate a second or modified set of parameters via the GUI 400 ⁇ illustrated in FIGURES 4A-D) , and a new projected battery life is calculated and displayed (or otherwise output or conveyed to the user) .
- one or more parameters may be changed prior to recalculation of the projected battery life.
- the user sees (in the display) the effect the changed parameter (s) have on the projected battery life - thus enabling simulation of any number of different device operational scenarios for device 102 for future operation.
- FIGURE 8 there is shown a flow diagram illustrating in more detail the simulation process and determination of a final set of operating parameters, as described above, for reconfiguration of the device 102 (controlling power consumption) .
- the device 102 is then re-configured with a new or modified operational set of parameters (Step 518) which is stored in the settings 118 portion of the memory 128.
- Step 5128 there is shown a flow diagram illustrating in more detail the process for re-configuring the device 102 (for controlling power consumption) , which may be implemented or accomplished in any suitable manner, including those described previously (with respect to initial configuration) .
- the device 102 is deployed in the field.
- the entire set of modified operating parameters or only the modified parameters are sent from the host server 108 to the device 102 (Step 900) .
- This data may be transmitted wirelessly or via wireline (or combination thereof) .
- this data is transmitted from the host server 108 and stored in an external storage device (not shown) via an electrical interface or short-range wireless interface (infrared, BlueTooth, WiFi, etc.) configured in the host server 108.
- the external storage device may then be delivered to the GPS tracking device 102 and downloaded thereto (in the same or similar manner) .
- the modified parameters) are received at the device 102 (Step 902) and stored in the settings 118 portion of the memory 128 (Step 904) .
- the device 102 operates in accordance with the modified parameter (s) (Step 906 ⁇ (an operating mode) to control power consumption in the device 102.
- Step 906 ⁇ an operating mode
- the following is an example illustrating a method of configuring (or re-configuring ⁇ operating parameters of the GPS tracking device 102 to achieve a given power consumption rate (resulting in a determined battery life) .
- the reporting scenario is as follows: (1) the location report is to be transmitted to a host server every hour for the entire life of the battery, (2) the location report includes GPS location data, and (2) this date is transferred over a GSM network (wireless) .
- power consumption in the IDLE state is assumed to be 0 inA, and it is assumed that no timeout conditions occur.
- the device parameters are:
- GPS Acquisition Power GPS FIX
- the device 102 is reprogrammed (as described herein) to the new reporting interval of two (2) hours.
- the above example is relatively simple, and in most applications, the desired battery life will be on the order of several months to several years .
- some or all of the functions or processes of the one or more of the elements and devices described herein are implemented or supported by a computer program that is formed from computer readable program code and that is embodied in a computer readable medium.
- computer readable program code includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code.
- computer readable medium includes any type of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as read only memory (ROM) , random access memory (RAM) , a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disc (DVD) , or any other type of memory.
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- CD compact disc
- DVD digital video disc
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Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/402,379 US20100235121A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2009-03-11 | Methods and apparatus for modeling, simulating, estimating and controlling power consumption in battery-operated devices |
US12/402,392 US8254868B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2009-03-11 | Methods and apparatus for modeling, monitoring, estimating and controlling power consumption in battery-operated devices |
US12/402,367 US8258748B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2009-03-11 | Methods and apparatus for modeling, monitoring, simulating and controlling power consumption in battery-operated devices |
PCT/US2010/027028 WO2010105087A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-03-11 | Power consumption for battery-operated devices |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2406692A1 true EP2406692A1 (de) | 2012-01-18 |
EP2406692A4 EP2406692A4 (de) | 2018-01-17 |
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EP10751441.6A Withdrawn EP2406692A4 (de) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-03-11 | Stromverbrauch für batteriebetriebene geräte |
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EP (1) | EP2406692A4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010105087A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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GB2482266B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2015-06-03 | Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles Pvt Ltd | System and method for monitoring and controlling energy system |
Families Citing this family (5)
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JP2012221238A (ja) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-11-12 | Sony Corp | 情報処理装置、設定用gui表示方法、撮像装置 |
GB2549793A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-01 | Vodafone Ip Licensing Ltd | Device power management |
WO2018047376A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 電池残量推定装置、電池残量推定方法及びプログラム |
CN112034376B (zh) * | 2020-08-24 | 2023-08-29 | 哲库科技(北京)有限公司 | 电源管理装置和方法 |
WO2024060047A1 (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-28 | Citrix Systems, Inc. | Intelligent determination of required battery levels for battery-operated devices |
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US5860106A (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1999-01-12 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for dynamically adjusting power/performance characteristics of a memory subsystem |
US6433512B1 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2002-08-13 | Telefonaktebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Power consumption reporting by an accessory of an electronic device |
US6885974B2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-04-26 | Microsoft Corporation | Dynamic power control apparatus, systems and methods |
US7359713B1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2008-04-15 | Trimble Navigation Limited | Battery consumption optimization for mobile users |
US8412145B2 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2013-04-02 | Telenav, Inc. | Mobile battery management system |
US7941220B2 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2011-05-10 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring battery status of implantable medical device |
EP2075590A1 (de) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-01 | Motorola, Inc. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung und Analyse des Batterieverbrauchs bei mobilen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen |
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2010
- 2010-03-11 EP EP10751441.6A patent/EP2406692A4/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-11 WO PCT/US2010/027028 patent/WO2010105087A1/en active Application Filing
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GB2482266B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2015-06-03 | Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles Pvt Ltd | System and method for monitoring and controlling energy system |
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WO2010105087A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
EP2406692A4 (de) | 2018-01-17 |
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