EP2401478A1 - Déchet haut rendement pour centrales électriques combinant des déchets solides municipaux et du gaz naturel - Google Patents

Déchet haut rendement pour centrales électriques combinant des déchets solides municipaux et du gaz naturel

Info

Publication number
EP2401478A1
EP2401478A1 EP08878195A EP08878195A EP2401478A1 EP 2401478 A1 EP2401478 A1 EP 2401478A1 EP 08878195 A EP08878195 A EP 08878195A EP 08878195 A EP08878195 A EP 08878195A EP 2401478 A1 EP2401478 A1 EP 2401478A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
outlet
fluid communication
boiler
msw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08878195A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2401478A4 (fr
Inventor
Sergio Vieira Guerreiro Ribeiro
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Waterleau Group NV
Original Assignee
Waterleau Group NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Waterleau Group NV filed Critical Waterleau Group NV
Publication of EP2401478A1 publication Critical patent/EP2401478A1/fr
Publication of EP2401478A4 publication Critical patent/EP2401478A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1861—Waste heat boilers with supplementary firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/36—Water and air preheating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/16—Steam superheating characterised by heating method by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to power plants generating electric energy burning municipal solid waste (MSW) as the main fuel and known worldwide as waste-to- energy (WTE) plants.
  • MSW Municipal solid waste
  • WTE waste-to- energy
  • Conventional WTE plants burn waste in specially designed grates and the hot flue gases generate steam in a boiler. Due to the very corrosive nature of these flue gases the steam temperature and pressure are limited to 400°C/40 bar resulting in low thermodynamic efficiencies, around 20%, for power generation.
  • One way to overcome this difficulty is to combine a natural gas turbine with a waste incinerator in such a way that the low superheat steam produced in the MSW boiler is further heated using the hot exhaust "clean" gases from the gas turbine in one external superheater. This has been discussed in several patents in special U.S.Pat. No.
  • the efficiency of the MSW can reach values of more than 33% and the natural gas efficiencies are higher than that for the gas turbine or engine if they were used in a conventional combined cycle without MSW.
  • the proposed concept has other advantages such as being specially suited for high moisture MSW as well as for small incinerators using refractory walls. Nevertheless large waterwall boilers can employ the scheme with many advantages as will be seen next.
  • a system for a power plant configuration combining turbine (engine)/generators, FIG. 1 , generally designated 10, burning natural gas, or other similar fuels such as biogas, landfill gas, diesel oil, with one or more steam turbine/generators 17 and 18, using steam produced in a MSW boiler, composed of an evaporator 4 and 22, with or without waterwalls, one superheater 6 and an optional reheater 5, one or more economizers 7 and 8, and a combustion air preheater 9.
  • the steam circuit comprises the following components: an optional back-pressure steam turbine 17, a condensing steam turbine 18, a steam condenser 19, a condensate pump 20, a deaerator 23, a feed water pump 21.
  • the steam circuit also contains one optional external superheaters 3, an external reheater 2 and one or two duct burners 11 and 12 (optional) in the exhaust gas flow path of the gas turbine (engine). After the external superheater 3 there is a high temperature air preheater 13 to further heat up part of the air heated in the low temperature air preheater 9. This hotter air from 13 is mixed with the exhaust gas from the gas turbine (engine) 10 before the duct burner 11. After air preheater 13 the flue gases from the gas turbine (engine) may preheat the boiler feedwater in heat exchanger 25 (optional) and then are mixed with the remaining air preheated in 9 and this mixture is used as hot combustion air in the MSW boiler.
  • Corrosion is avoided by using one or more external superheaters 2 and 3 (optional) heated by the clean gas exhaust coming from the internal combustion machine (ICM) 10 mixed with preheated air at 9 and 13.
  • ICM internal combustion machine
  • This mixture is heated to temperatures between 600 0 C and 700 0 C, with duct firing 11 and 12 (optional) to adjust the steam superheating temperature, in the same way the existing natural gas combined cycle power plant do.
  • This, cooler and low 02, flue gas at T9 can be partially recirculated as secondary combustion air, after the Air Pollution Control System (APC) 15, to control the waste combustion temperature and to reduce NOx formation in the MSW furnace 14.
  • APC Air Pollution Control System
  • combustion air for the MSW boiler is preheated to approximately 150°C and the 02 content is close to 18% this helps to reduce NOx formation and to vaporize the water in the MSW early in the combustion grate. This is particularly advantageous for high moisture waste that otherwise would require additional fuel to promote continuous combustion.
  • Total NG consumption 23.2643 MWth ( 17.915 MWth in GT and 5.3493 MWth in burner)
  • MSW Efficiency 32.64%
  • the GE5 gas turbine in pure combine cycle has an efficiency of 44%.
  • the proposed scheme increases the efficiency of the waste as well as of the natural gas.
  • the difference between this power plant configuration and other patented or existing configurations combining natural gas, or similar fuels, and MSW is that the waste fraction of the total fuel consumption is much higher, so that the waste contribution to the net energy exported by the plant can reach 80% or more.
  • the ICM 10 is chosen not to match the large amount of steam produced in the waste boiler but just to provide the plant own power consumption. This does not increase capital cost since in general WTE plants have this machine as emergency power backup. This helps plant start up and shut down, specially in the load rejection case when a steam turbine trip follows a loss of external power.
  • gas engines instead of gas turbines represents an advantage for small ICM since they are more efficient at low power. This is particularly important in case biogas (landfill gas) replaces natural gas since engines can burn these fuels directly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l’invention, la corrosion est évitée par l’utilisation d’un surchauffeur externe chauffé par l’échappement de gaz propre provenant de la machine de combustion interne (ICM) mélangé à de l’air pur, avec augmentation de la température à l'intérieur de la conduite pour ajuster la température de surchauffe de la vapeur, comme le fait une centrale électrique à gaz naturel/déchets existante. La différence selon la présente invention est que l’ICM est choisie non pour correspondre à la quantité de vapeur produite dans la chaudière à déchets qui est surchauffée à une température anticorrosion, disons, 400 °C ou moins, mais simplement pour fournir la propre consommation énergétique de la centrale. Nous devons augmenter ce flux d'échappement de l'ICM avec de l'air pur et utiliser l'augmentation de la température à l'intérieur de la conduite (11, 12) pour augmenter la température du mélange de gaz, disons entre 600 et 700 °C, suffisamment pour surchauffer la vapeur du surchauffeur externe (3) à environ 500 °C. Si nous utilisons de l’air pur à température ambiante, la quantité de gaz naturel dans les brûleurs de conduite (11, 12) sera très élevée, ce qui réduira l'efficacité du gaz naturel. Afin de réduire la consommation de gaz naturel dans le brûleur de conduite (11, 12), nous utilisons le gaz chaud sortant du surchauffeur externe (3), aux environs de 420 °C, pour préchauffer l’air ambiant, disons, à 390 °C, dans un échangeur thermique air/gaz (13), avant son mélange avec l’échappement de l’ICM, ce qui augmente la température du mélange à une valeur proche de 400 °C et réduit radicalement la consommation de gaz naturel lors de l’augmentation de la température à l'intérieur de la conduite (11, 12).
EP08878195.0A 2008-11-24 2008-11-24 Déchet haut rendement pour centrales électriques combinant des déchets solides municipaux et du gaz naturel Withdrawn EP2401478A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/BR2008/000347 WO2010057279A1 (fr) 2008-11-24 2008-11-24 Déchet haut rendement pour centrales électriques combinant des déchets solides municipaux et du gaz naturel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2401478A1 true EP2401478A1 (fr) 2012-01-04
EP2401478A4 EP2401478A4 (fr) 2017-08-09

Family

ID=42197772

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08878195.0A Withdrawn EP2401478A4 (fr) 2008-11-24 2008-11-24 Déchet haut rendement pour centrales électriques combinant des déchets solides municipaux et du gaz naturel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2401478A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010057279A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106765015A (zh) * 2016-12-22 2017-05-31 江联重工集团股份有限公司 一种防止空气预热器低温腐蚀流化床生物质锅炉及系统

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102374538A (zh) * 2011-11-15 2012-03-14 福建省丰泉环保集团有限公司 垃圾焚烧循环发电系统
JP7036622B2 (ja) * 2018-02-27 2022-03-15 三菱重工業株式会社 既設ボイラ活用高蒸気条件ボイラプラント

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2116136B1 (es) * 1993-05-03 1998-12-16 Rosado Serafin Luis Mendoza Procedimiento de mejora de la combinacion entre una turbina de gas y un ciclo de vapor con otra fuente no fosil de energia primaria.
JPH07243305A (ja) * 1994-03-03 1995-09-19 Kubota Corp ごみ焼却炉の廃熱利用複合プラント
JPH08109808A (ja) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-30 Hitachi Zosen Corp ごみ焼却による発電設備
US5623822A (en) * 1995-05-23 1997-04-29 Montenay International Corp. Method of operating a waste-to-energy plant having a waste boiler and gas turbine cycle
US20040011057A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Ultra-low emission power plant
JP4037812B2 (ja) * 2003-09-19 2008-01-23 川崎重工業株式会社 廃棄物を有効利用するエネルギー供給システム

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2010057279A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106765015A (zh) * 2016-12-22 2017-05-31 江联重工集团股份有限公司 一种防止空气预热器低温腐蚀流化床生物质锅炉及系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2401478A4 (fr) 2017-08-09
WO2010057279A1 (fr) 2010-05-27

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