Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/72—Other features
  • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
  • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/72—Other features
  • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
  • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
  • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
  • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
  • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
  • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
  • F28F2265/10—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing overheating, e.g. heat shields
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
  • F28G9/00—Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
  • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

• the invention is directed to a waste heat boiler for cooling a solids laden hot gas.
• Waste heat boiler being an elongated vessel comprising a co-axial positioned tubular channel for hot gas, said channel further being provided with an inlet for hot gas and an outlet for cooled gas, wherein a gas pathway is defined between said inlet and outlet of said tubular channel and wherein in the gas pathway one or more bundles of tubular cooling surfaces are present, said tubular cooling surfaces positioned coaxial with the channel, wherein the tubular channel is closed at one end, thereby forming a gas reversal chamber, and wherein the gas inlet is an opening in the wall of the tubular channel positioned between the gas reversal chamber and the gas pathway, wherein the inlet for hot gas is connected to an inlet conduit, which conduit is positioned under an angle ⁇ with said tubular channel and wherein at the hot gas inlet in the tubular channel a diverter plate is present.
• Figure 1 shows the top end of a waste heat boiler according to the invention.
• Figure 2 shows cross-sectional view AA' of Figure 1.
• Figure 1 shows the top end (1) of a waste heat boiler (2) being an elongated vessel (3) .
• the vessel (3) comprises a co-axial positioned tubular channel (4) for hot gas.
• the channel (4) is provided with an inlet (5) for hot gas and an outlet for cooled gas at the lower end of the vessel (3) (not shown in this Figure) .
• a gas pathway (6) is defined between said inlet (5) and outlet of said tubular channel (4) .
• In the gas pathway (6) one or more bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces are present.
• the bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces are positioned co-axial with the channel.
• the gas inlet (5) is an opening in the wall (10) of the tubular channel (4) positioned between the gas reversal chamber (9) and the gas pathway (6) .
• the inlet (5) for hot gas is connected to an inlet conduit (11), which conduit is positioned under an angle ⁇ with said tubular channel (4) .
• Angle ⁇ is preferably between 30 and 90°. At these preferred angles the hot gas as it flows, in use, through inlet conduit (11) will make a bend of more than 90° when it flows into the gas pathway (6) .
• An example of the waste heat boiler (2) as described above is described in the aforementioned US-A-2006076272.
• Figure 1 also shows an additional diverter plate (12) at the hot gas inlet (5) in the tubular channel (4) .
• a plate can advantageously be added to a waste heat boiler of US-A-2006076272 in order to improve the flow pattern by equalising the gas flow and thus increasing the heat transfer.
• the diverter plate (12) is preferably positioned under an angle ⁇ of between 5 and 45° with the longitudinal axis of tubular channel (4) with the top of the diverter plate rotated in the direction away from the flow of the incoming hot gas, as shown in Figure 1. More preferably, the diverter plate (12) is positioned under an angle ⁇ of between 10 and 25°, and even more preferably, under an angle ⁇ of 15° with the longitudinal axis of tubular channel (4) . In a preferred embodiment angle ⁇ can be altered.
• the plate preferably has a dimension and position in the tubular channel such that at least two main gas entry pathways (13 and 14) are formed for the hot gas flowing towards the gas pathway (6) .
• One main gas entry pathway (13) will run via the gas reversal chamber (9) and one main gas entry pathway will run via an opening (15) directly connecting the gas inlet (5) and the gas pathway (6) .
• the two other gas paths (20a and 20b) are on the left and right side of the plate as shown in Figure 2.
• plate (12) is provided with cooling means. More preferably the cooling means are one or more conduits (16) having inlets (17) and outlets (18) for a cooling medium as shown in Figure 2.
• a suitable cooling medium is chilled water or boiling water.
• Plate (12) is suitably supported by support rods (21) .
• the support rods (21) are suitably fixed at the four edges of a, preferred rectangular, plate (12) .
• the plate (12) may suitably be provided with one or more mechanical cleaning means (19) or a blaster to remove any solids that may accumulate during operation.
• the surface of the plate (12) may suitably be provided with a layer of refractory or with cladding. The uniformity of gas flow in waste heat boiler (2) was measured and analyzed with and without diverter plate (12) .
• the velocity distribution of the gas was measured along a horizontal plane perpendicular to the bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces 0.5 meters above the bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces and along a horizontal plane perpendicular to the bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces 0.5 meters into the bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces.
• the gas velocity distribution is best characterized by the standard deviation of the velocity magnitude or root mean square (RMS) of the velocity deviation from the average.
• RMS root mean square
• the RMS value of the gas velocity distribution at 0.5 meters above the top of bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces without the use of diverter plate (12) was 37.4% and with the use of diverter plate (12) positioned under an angle ⁇ of 20°, the RMS value was 5.2% and with the use of diverter plate (12) positioned under an angle ⁇ of 15°, the RMS value was 5.6%, both representing approximately a seven-fold improvement in gas velocity distribution versus the case where diverter plate (12) was not used.
• the RMS value of the gas velocity distribution at 0.5 meters below the top of bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces without the use of diverter plate (12) was 8.5% and with the use of diverter plate (12) positioned under an angle ⁇ of 20°, the RMS value was 4.0%, and with the use of diverter plate (12) positioned under an angle ⁇ of 15°, the RMS value was 3.7%, both representing over a two-fold improvement in gas velocity distribution versus the case where diverter plate (12) was not used.
• the use of the diverter plate (12) substantially increased the uniformity of gas velocity both above and within the bundles (7) of tubular cooling surfaces .

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
• Details Of Valves (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2010
  • 2010-02-22 US US13/202,593 patent/US20120017853A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-02-22 AU AU2010215465A patent/AU2010215465B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-02-22 WO PCT/EP2010/052207 patent/WO2010094797A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-02-22 JP JP2011550591A patent/JP2012518772A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-02-22 EP EP10705860A patent/EP2398871A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-02-22 CN CN201080008773.4A patent/CN102325863B/zh active Active
• 2011
  • 2011-08-15 ZA ZA2011/05954A patent/ZA201105954B/en unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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