EP2382089A1 - Laminate that screens infrared radiation, is transparent to visible light, and has an optical window that allows infrared light to pass, method for the production thereof, and use thereof - Google Patents

Laminate that screens infrared radiation, is transparent to visible light, and has an optical window that allows infrared light to pass, method for the production thereof, and use thereof

Info

Publication number
EP2382089A1
EP2382089A1 EP10700746A EP10700746A EP2382089A1 EP 2382089 A1 EP2382089 A1 EP 2382089A1 EP 10700746 A EP10700746 A EP 10700746A EP 10700746 A EP10700746 A EP 10700746A EP 2382089 A1 EP2382089 A1 EP 2382089A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
infrared radiation
transparent
laminate
optical window
intermediate layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10700746A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Melcher
Stefan Droste
Dirk Wohlfeil
Florian Manz
Volkmar Offermann
Uwe Van Der Meulen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102009006062A external-priority patent/DE102009006062A1/en
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP2382089A1 publication Critical patent/EP2382089A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
    • B32B17/10633—Infrared radiation absorbing or reflecting agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
    • B60J3/007—Sunglare reduction by coatings, interposed foils in laminar windows, or permanent screens
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel, infrared ray-shielding, visible-light transparent laminate having an infrared ray-transmitting optical window.
  • the present invention relates to a novel process for producing an infrared ray-shielding visible-light-transparent laminate.
  • the present invention relates to the novel use of the novel, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminate and of the produced by the new process, colored, infrared radiation shielding transparent to visible light transparent laminate.
  • Modern laminated safety glass especially windscreens for motor vehicles, have an infrared radiation shielding effect to avoid overheating of the interior.
  • increasingly used in motor vehicles sensors and cameras that are sensitive to infrared radiation such as sensors for distance measurement or night vision devices.
  • their function is greatly impaired by the infrared radiation shielding effect of the laminated safety glass panes or completely put out of action.
  • Aesthetics are colored, but also to shield the infrared radiation
  • Infrared radiation shielding transparent to visible light laminate is known, which contains a first colorless glass pane, an intermediate layer and a second colorless glass pane or consists thereof.
  • the intermediate layer contains a
  • the new laminates should have a high weathering stability, intercoat adhesion, breakthrough resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability and, after damage, a high residual capacity.
  • the present invention was based on the object to provide a novel process for producing optionally colored, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminates, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art but provides in a simple and very well reproducible manner in large quantities laminates , despite their infrared radiation shielding effect does not affect the function of sensitive to infrared radiation sensors and cameras and high weathering stability, interlayer adhesion, breakdown resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability and after damage have a high residual capacity.
  • the present invention was based on the object of a new use for the new, optionally colored, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminates and for the produced by the new method, optionally colored, infrared radiation shielding,
  • transparent laminates can be found in means of transport for transport by land, water and air as well as in the furniture, equipment or construction sector.
  • the new colored infrared ray-shielding visible-light transparent laminate has been found, at least
  • Window (b2) has a g-value ⁇ 75%.
  • the new, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminate is referred to as "inventive laminate”.
  • (II) herein generates at least one infrared ray transmissive optical window (b2), after which bonding the resulting intermediate layer (B) to at least one infrared transparent optical window (b2) with two clear, transparent layers (A) and (C) in such a way that a laminate results wherein the layers (A), (B) and (C) over each other in the order given.
  • the new method for producing an infrared radiation-shielding, transparent to visible light laminate is referred to as "inventive method”.
  • the new use of the laminate according to the invention and of the laminate produced by the process according to the invention was found in means of transport for transport by land, sea and air and in the furniture, equipment or construction sector, which is referred to below as the "inventive use” ,
  • the laminates according to the invention no longer had the disadvantages of the prior art, but despite their infrared radiation shielding effect, did not impair the function of sensors and cameras sensitive to infrared radiation.
  • the new laminates had a high weathering stability, intercoat adhesion, breakdown resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability and, after being damaged, a high residual capacity.
  • the laminates according to the invention and the laminates produced by the process according to the invention could be used excellently in locomotives for transport on land, water and in the air and in the construction sector, despite their infrared radiation shielding effect the function of for Infrared radiation sensitive sensors and cameras were not affected, a high weathering stability, color stability, interlayer adhesion, penetration resistance and breaking strength and had a high residual strength after damage.
  • the laminates of the invention have an infrared radiation shielding effect.
  • This effect can be caused by absorption or reflection of the infrared radiation. Preferably, it is caused by the absorption. Preferably, more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, of the incident infrared radiation is absorbed.
  • Sensors and cameras for infrared radiation are preferably in the range of 350 nm to 15 microns, preferably from 380 nm to 2200 nm and more preferably from 400 nm to 1200 nm, sensitive.
  • G value means according to ISO 9050: 2003-08 total solar energy through the laminate according to the invention of a glazing.
  • the g-value of a glazing is calculated from the directly transmitted sunlight and the secondary infrared radiation radiated from the laminate into the interior.
  • the g value is preferably outside the optical window (b2) of the laminate according to the invention ⁇ 75%, preferably ⁇ 70% and particularly preferably ⁇ 64%.
  • the laminates according to the invention can be colored. In the context of the present invention, this means that they can have a colorful or achromatic color, but in particular a colorful color.
  • the laminates of the invention are transparent to visible light. Preferably, they have a transmission for visible light> 50%, preferably> 60% and in particular> 70%.
  • the laminates of the invention may have different three-dimensional shapes. Thus, they may be slightly curved or curved in one direction or in several directions of the space.
  • the surface of the laminates according to the invention can vary widely and depends on the particular intended use in the context of the use according to the invention. So they can have an area of a few square centimeters to several square meters. In particular, they have an area such as windshields, side windows, rear windows or glass roofs for motor vehicles usually have.
  • the thickness of the laminates according to the invention can vary widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the thickness is 4 to 60 mm.
  • the laminates according to the invention contain a first and a second colorless, clear, transparent layer (A) and (C).
  • “Clear” means that the layers (A) and (C) have no or only a metrologically detectable haze or haze.
  • Transparent here means that the layers (A) and (C) have a transmission for visible light> 70%, preferably> 80% and in particular> 90%.
  • materials for the construction of the layers (A) and (C) are basically all materials into consideration, which have the property profile described above and are stable under the conditions of preparation and use of the laminates of the invention and are not damaged.
  • glass and clear plastics preferably rigid, clear plastics, in particular polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate or polymethylmethacrylate, are used.
  • glass is used. Basically, all glasses come into consideration, as they are commonly used for the production of laminated glass, in particular of laminated safety glass. Preferably, float glass and tempered and partially tempered float glass are used.
  • Float glass is a flat glass produced by the float glass process. Both methods for the production of the float glass and the exact meaning of this term are known in the art and need not be further elaborated here.
  • Semi-tempered and tempered float glass is commonly used to produce single-pane safety glass. In particular, alkali-lime-tempered glass or soda-lime glass according to DIN EN 572-1 are used. Further examples of suitable glasses are described in Römpp-Online 2008 under the keywords »glass «, »tempered glass « or »safety glass « or are from the German translation of the European patent EP 0 847 965 B1 with the file number DE 697 31 2 168 T2, page 8, paragraph [0053].
  • layers (A) and (C) can vary widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • glasses with the standard glass thicknesses of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19 and 25 mm are used.
  • the area of the layers (A) and (C) can vary widely and depends on the area of the laminates according to the invention containing them. Accordingly, the above-described areas are preferably used.
  • the laminate of the invention also contains an optionally colored, infrared radiation shielding, visible light transparent intermediate layer (B).
  • B visible light transparent intermediate layer
  • the properties "colored”, “infrared radiation shielding” and “transparent to visible light” have the respective meanings given above.
  • the intermediate layer (B) contains at least one polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) as a layer-forming material.
  • polyvinyl acetal resins (b1) are known from the European Patent Application EP 1 857 424 A1, page 3, paragraph [0012], to page 4, paragraph [0020].
  • the content of the intermediate layer (B) of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) can vary widely and thus be excellently adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • Amount of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) is no longer sufficient for the formation of a homogeneous, continuous layer.
  • the content, in each case based on the intermediate layer (B), is from 50 to 99.998% by weight, preferably from 55 to 99.9% by weight and in particular from 60 to 99% by weight.
  • the intermediate layer (B) has an infrared radiation shielding effect (b11) and optionally a coloring agent (b12).
  • the intermediate layer (B) has an infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1) and a coloring effect (b12).
  • the infrared radiation shielding effect (b11) and the infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1) and the coloring effect (b12) can be adjusted in a variety of ways.
  • the infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1) can be adjusted by means of at least one infrared radiation shielding material (b1 1).
  • the infrared radiation shielding materials (b1 1) may be finely divided or molecularly dispersed in the intermediate layer (B); preferably they are finely divided. They preferably have particle sizes in the range from 10 nm to 50 ⁇ m, preferably from 20 nm to 25 ⁇ m and in particular from 30 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the infrared radiation shielding material (b1 1) as finely divided
  • Metals metal oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, sulfides, phosphates, pyrophosphates, metaphosphates, polyphosphates, silicates, titanates, vanadates, -molybdates, tungstates and - fluorides, transparent electroconductive oxides, TCO and infrared radiation absorbing organic pigments or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable infrared radiation-shielding materials are from European patent applications EP 1 857 424 A1, page 4, paragraphs [0021] to [0022], and EP 1 790 701 A1, page 5, paragraph [0036], to page 6 , Paragraph [0047], or the translation of the European patent specification EP 0 523 959 B1 with the file reference DE 692 30 121 T2, page 7, line 25, to page 15, line 8, and page 18, line 11, to page 62 , Line 5, known.
  • the content of the intermediate layer (B) of infrared radiation shielding materials (b1 1) can vary widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the additional, coloring effect (b12) can be adjusted in many different ways.
  • both effects (b1 1) and (b12) can be adjusted by means of at least one material combining both effects (b1 1) and (b12).
  • all customary and known materials (b1 1 / b12) which are stable under the conditions of preparation using the laminates according to the invention are suitable.
  • the materials (b1 1 / b12) may be finely divided or dispersed in the intermediate layer (B); preferably they are finely divided. They preferably have particle sizes in the range from 10 nm to 50 ⁇ m, preferably from 20 nm to 25 ⁇ m and in particular from 30 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
  • suitable materials (b1 1 / b12) are coloring and infrared radiation shielding iron oxide pigments, as described for example in Rompp Online 2008 under the heading »iron oxide pigments «.
  • iron sulfide pigments and iron and chromium-containing pigments come into consideration.
  • the content of the intermediate layer (B) on the materials (b1 1 / b12) can vary very widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the intermediate layer (B) in each case based on their total amount, contains 0.001 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight and in particular 0.1 to 10% by weight of a material (b11 / b12) ,
  • the additional coloring effect (b12) can also be produced by means of a coloring material (b12) which is used in addition to the obligatory infrared radiation shielding material (b1 1) and / or (b11 / b12), in particular (b1 1).
  • coloring materials (b12) which are stable under the conditions of preparation and use of the laminates according to the invention come into consideration.
  • the coloring materials (b12) are selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments as well as organic pigments and dyes.
  • the inorganic and organic pigments (b12) may be finely divided.
  • the organic dyes (b12) may be molecularly dispersed.
  • inorganic pigments examples include Römpp Online 2008, “Inorganic Pigments”, “Inorganic Coloring Pigments”, “Iron Oxide Pigments” or “Chromium Oxide (green) Pigments”.
  • organic pigments (b12) and dyes (b12) are azo, metal complex, isoindolinone, isoindoline, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, anthraquinone, acridine, diketopyrrolo, thioindigo, dioxazine , Triphenylmethane and Chinonaphthalonpigmente and dyes.
  • the content of the intermediate layer (B) of coloring materials (b12) can vary very widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • combinations of at least one of the above-described materials (b11 / b12) and at least one of the above-described materials (b11) and / or at least one of the above-described materials (b12) may also be used.
  • the respectively preferred amounts described above can be used.
  • the intermediate layer (B) may contain conventional and known additives (b3) in effective amounts.
  • the additives (b3) have no or only a very low infrared screening effect. Examples of suitable additives are known from European Patent Application EP 1 857 424 A1, page 3, paragraphs [0010] and [0011], and page 4, paragraph [0027], to page 5, paragraph [0037].
  • the intermediate layer (B) can be constructed in different ways.
  • the materials (b1 1), and / or (b11 / b12) and (b12) may be homogeneously distributed in a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1).
  • Polyvinyl acetal contains acetal radicals having 1 to 2 C atoms, preferably 1 to 8, in particular 2 to 6 C atoms. In this case, polyvinyl butyral is particularly preferred.
  • the material (b1 1) or the material (b11 / b12) may be predominantly, i. to be more than 50% of its total amount in a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1), the remainder being in a separate layer or in two separate layers on one or both
  • Main surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) is present.
  • the materials (b1 1) and / or (b12) predominantly, ie more than 50% of their respective total amount, in a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) available.
  • the residual amounts of the materials (b11) and (b12) may then be present on one or both major surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1).
  • the materials (b1 1) and (b12) together may form a homogeneous layer or be contained in a homogeneous layer or they may form separate homogeneous layers or be contained in homogeneous separate layers.
  • the material (b11) or (b12) may be homogeneously distributed in a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1), the other material (b1 1) or (b12) then being on one or both Main surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) may be present as a homogeneous layer or in a homogeneous layer.
  • a fourth embodiment of the intermediate layer (B) corresponds to the third embodiment, except that a minor amount, d. H. less than 50% of the respective total amount of the material (b11) or (b12) may be distributed in the layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) besides the total amount or the predominant amount of the other material (b1 1) or (b12).
  • the total amount of the material (b1 1) as a homogeneous layer or in a homogeneous layer on one main surface and the total amount of the material (b12) as a homogeneous layer or in a homogeneous layer on the other main surface of a Layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) are present.
  • the above list is not exhaustive, but the skilled person can easily find further embodiments of the intermediate layer (B) based on the teaching of the invention.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer (B) can vary widely and thus be adapted excellently to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the thickness is preferably 100 ⁇ m to 5 mm, preferably 200 ⁇ m to 3 mm and in particular 200 ⁇ m to 2 mm.
  • the area of the intermediate layer (B) preferably corresponds to the area of the laminate according to the invention.
  • the intermediate layer (B) has at least one, in particular one, optical window (b2) transparent to infrared radiation.
  • Permeable means that the optical window (b2) has a transmission for infrared radiation that is significantly higher than the transmission for infrared radiation in the areas of the laminate according to the invention outside the optical window (b2).
  • the transmission for infrared radiation is> 40%, preferably> 50% and in particular> 60%.
  • the area, shape and placement of the infrared radiation transparent optical window (b2) in the laminate according to the invention can vary widely and be excellently adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the surface of the optical window (b2) must not become so large that the infrared radiation shielding function of the laminate according to the invention is impaired.
  • the area of the optical window (b2) does not occupy more than 30%, preferably not more than 20% and in particular not more than 10% of the area of the laminate according to the invention.
  • the lower limit of the area of the optical window (b2) depends on the particular application, in particular according to the requirements of the infrared radiation-sensitive sensors and cameras, which are placed behind the optical window (b2).
  • the shape of the optical window (b2) also depends on the particular application. Preferably, the shape is circular, elliptical, quadrangular, square, rhombohedral, trapezoidal or triangular.
  • the placement of the optical window (b2) also depends on the intended use. Preferably, it is placed so that it is on the one hand in the beam path of the infrared radiation sensitive sensors and cameras and on the other hand does not interfere with other functions, as would be the case for example in a placement directly in the field of vision of the driver of a motor vehicle.
  • the shape, area and placement of the insert (b21) determine the shape, area and placement of the optical window (b2).
  • the optical window (b2) is present in at least one layer comprising the materials (b1 1), the materials (b1 1 / b12) or the materials (b1 1) and / or (b11 / b12) and ( b12) contains or consists thereof and covers a substantially or entirely consisting of polyvinyl acetal resin layer (b1), in particular covered over the entire surface.
  • the optical window (b2) is composed of a recess in the layer containing or consisting of the materials (b1 1), the materials (b11 / b12) or the materials (b1 1) and / or (b11 / b12) and (b12) exists, formed.
  • the second embodiment of the optical window (b2) is preferably applied to the above-described fifth and sixth embodiments of the intermediate layer (B).
  • First and second embodiments of the optical window (b2) can be suitably combined with one another, with those skilled in the art readily finding such combinations on the basis of the teaching according to the invention.
  • the first embodiment of the optical window (b2) with the snug insert (b21) is used in the aperture (b22).
  • the laminate according to the invention can be produced by means of different methods. According to the invention, it is advantageous to produce the laminate according to the invention by means of the method according to the invention.
  • a colored, infrared radiation-shielding, transparent to visible light precursor of the intermediate layer (B) is produced.
  • the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) contains the components (b1), (b1 1), (b11 / b12) or (b1 1) and / or (b1 1 / b12) and (b12) described in detail above.
  • the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) may contain at least one of the above-described components (b3).
  • the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) can be prepared by reacting at least one polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) with at least one material (b11), with at least one material (b1 1 / b12) or with at least one material (b1). b11) and / or at least one material (b11 / b12) and at least one material (b12) and the resulting mixture is formed into a film (B).
  • at least one additive (b3) can also be added.
  • the mixing of the ingredients may be accomplished by conventional and known methods and apparatus in solution, dispersion or melt.
  • suitable mixing units are stirred tank, Ultraturrax, inline dissolver, kneader and extruder.
  • the resulting homogeneous mixture can be formed into the film (B) in a conventional manner, for example by casting from solution or dispersion, calendering, pressing or film blowing.
  • Intermediate layer (B) are prepared by a film (b1), either the
  • the respective layers may be made of the materials themselves or of liquid or solid mixtures containing these materials.
  • conventional and known methods for the application of liquids and solids such as casting from solution or dispersion, spraying, roller application, printing or powder application, and the corresponding devices can be used.
  • first and second embodiments of the first process step may be suitably combined with each other to obtain intermediate layers (B) of the above-described embodiments as well as other embodiments.
  • the person skilled in the art can easily find suitable combinations based on the teaching according to the invention.
  • the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) in the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) is provided with an optical window (b2) transparent to infrared radiation.
  • the optical window (b2) by producing in the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) a corresponding opening (b22), for example by punching or cutting, and a precisely fitting insert (b21), essentially or entirely made of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) is used.
  • a precisely fitting insert (b21) essentially or entirely made of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) is used.
  • the optical window (b2) is produced by producing in the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) a corresponding opening (b22), for example by punching or cutting, and a precisely fitting insert (b21) consisting essentially or entirely of polyvinyl acetal resin (b). b1), because no additional coating devices, coating agents and corresponding process steps have to be used.
  • the resultant film (B) is adhesively bonded to at least one infrared ray-transmitting optical window (b2) with two clear, transparent layers (A) and (C), resulting in a laminate according to the invention, wherein the layers (A), (B) and (C) are superimposed in the order given.
  • the resulting laminates according to the invention have an outstanding performance property profile so that they can be used in a variety of ways.
  • they are advantageously used in means of transport for land, sea and air transport, preferably in motor vehicles such as cars, trucks and trains, in aircraft and in ships, and in the furniture, equipment or construction sectors, preferably as transparent components. used.
  • the laminates according to the invention are particularly preferred as laminated safety glass panes in means of locomotion, in particular as windscreens, side windows, rear windows and glass roofs, especially windshields, for motor vehicles, especially passenger cars, and as architectural components in the construction sector, in particular for overhead glazing for roofs, Glass walls, facades, window panes, glass doors, balustrades,
  • Parapet glazing, skylights or walk-in glass used.
  • Infrared radiation sensitive sensors or cameras fulfill their function in full, without the infrared radiation shielding effect of the laminates of the invention is impaired. In addition, they have a high weathering stability, intercoat adhesion, penetration resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability as well as a high residual strength after the damage.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic representations intended to illustrate the principle of the invention. The schematic representations therefore need not be true to scale. The illustrated proportions therefore do not have to correspond to the proportions used in practice of the invention in practice.
  • FIG. 1 shows a laminated safety glass pane according to the European patent application EP 1 857 424 A1 in cross-section.
  • Figure 2 shows a laminated safety glass according to an embodiment of the present invention in cross section.
  • FIG. 3 shows the plan view of the laminated safety glass pane according to the FIGURE
  • (B1) polyvinyl butyral film containing a green coloring pigment (b12) and indium tin oxide ITO as an infrared ray absorbing pigment (b1 1) without an infrared ray transmitting optical window (b2),
  • ABS ABS laminate with an infrared ray transparent optical window (b2)
  • the float glass panes (A) and (C) have dimensions as used, for example, for windshields, side windows, glass roofs and rear windows in vehicle construction and for small, medium or large-area panes in the furniture, equipment or construction sector.
  • the dimensions can be several square centimeters to several square meters.
  • the polyvinyl butyral film (B1) is a common and known commercial product which is e.g. the company Sekisui Chemical or the company Solutia can be obtained. It is the precursor of the intermediate layer (B).
  • the laminate according to FIG. 2 is produced by cutting the polyvinyl butyral film (B1) to the required size, ie to the dimensions of the float glass panes (A) and (C). Thereafter, at the location provided for the optical window (b2), the film (B1) is punched out in a corresponding shape and size, resulting in the opening (b22). Subsequently, the precisely fitting insert (b21) from a Polyvinyl butyral film cut out without infrared radiation shielding effect and used in the breakthrough (b22). This results in the intermediate layer (B).
  • the two float glass panes (A) and (C) are adhesively bonded together by means of a precompounding process (calender roll, coil or vacuum bag process) and an autoclave process via the intermediate layer (B) provided with the optical window (b2), so that the intermediate layer (B) between the two float glass panes (A) and (C) and forms the intermediate layer (B).
  • a precompounding process calender roll, coil or vacuum bag process
  • the laminate according to FIG. 1 is produced in the same way, except that a polyvinyl butyral film (B1) without breakthrough (b22) and insert (b21) is used.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a laminate that screens infrared radiation, is transparent to visible light, and contains at least: (A) a first colorless, clear, transparent layer; (B) on the first colorless, clear, transparent layer, an intermediate layer that is transparent to visible light, has a screening effect (b11) toward infrared radiation, and contains i. (b1) at least one polyvinyl acetal resin as a layer-forming material and ii. (b2) at least one optical window that allows infrared light to pass; and (C) on the intermediate layer, a second colorless, clear transparent layer, lying one over the other in the specified sequence.

Description

Infrarotstrahlung abschirmendes, für sichtbares Licht transparentes Laminat mit einem für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fenster, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seiner Verwendung Infrared radiation shielding transparent to visible light laminate with an infrared ray transparent optical window, process for its preparation and its use
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein neues, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmendes, für sichtbares Licht transparentes Laminat mit einem für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fenster.The present invention relates to a novel, infrared ray-shielding, visible-light transparent laminate having an infrared ray-transmitting optical window.
Außerdem betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminats.In addition, the present invention relates to a novel process for producing an infrared ray-shielding visible-light-transparent laminate.
Nicht zuletzt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die neue Verwendung des neuen, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminats sowie des nach dem neuen Verfahren hergestellten, farbigen, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminats.Last but not least, the present invention relates to the novel use of the novel, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminate and of the produced by the new process, colored, infrared radiation shielding transparent to visible light transparent laminate.
Moderne Verbundsicherheitsglasscheiben, insbesondere Windschutzscheiben für Kraftfahrzeuge, haben eine Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung, um eine Überhitzung des Innenraums zu vermeiden. Andererseits werden in den Kraftfahrzeugen vermehrt Sensoren und Kameras eingesetzt, die für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlich sind, wie beispielsweise Sensoren für die Abstandsmessung oder Nachtsichtgeräte. Deren Funktion wird aber durch die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung der Verbundsicherheitsglasscheiben stark beeinträchtigt oder ganz außer Kraft gesetzt.Modern laminated safety glass, especially windscreens for motor vehicles, have an infrared radiation shielding effect to avoid overheating of the interior. On the other hand, increasingly used in motor vehicles sensors and cameras that are sensitive to infrared radiation, such as sensors for distance measurement or night vision devices. However, their function is greatly impaired by the infrared radiation shielding effect of the laminated safety glass panes or completely put out of action.
Im Falle von Verbundsicherheitsglasscheiben auf der Basis von farbigen Gläsern, wie Grünglas, das Chromdioxid enthält, oder Braunglas, das Eisensulfide enthält, ist diesesIn the case of laminated safety glass based on colored glasses, such as green glass containing chromium dioxide, or brown glass containing iron sulfides, this is
Problem besonders schwer wiegend, weil die Gläser nicht nur aus Gründen derProblem particularly serious because the glasses are not just for the sake of
Ästhetik eingefärbt werden, sondern auch um die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmendeAesthetics are colored, but also to shield the infrared radiation
Wirkung hervorzurufen oder zu verstärken. Diese farbigen Gläser können aber nicht lokal entfärbt werden, um ein für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster zu erzeugen. Aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 1 857 424 A1 ist ein farbiges,Cause or increase the effect. However, these colored glasses can not be locally decolorized to produce an infrared ray transparent optical window. European Patent Application EP 1 857 424 A1 discloses a colored,
Infrarotstrahlung abschirmendes, für sichtbares Licht transparentes Laminat bekannt, das eine erste farblose Glasscheibe, eine Zwischenschicht und eine zweite farblose Glasscheibe enthält beziehungsweise hieraus besteht. Die Zwischenschicht enthält einInfrared radiation shielding, transparent to visible light laminate is known, which contains a first colorless glass pane, an intermediate layer and a second colorless glass pane or consists thereof. The intermediate layer contains a
Polyvinylacetalharz als schichtbildendes Material, ein Infrarotstrahlung absorbierendesPolyvinyl acetal resin as a layer-forming material, an infrared radiation absorbing
Material und ein farbgebendes Material. Dieses bekannte Laminat kann zwar anstelle von Verbundsicherheitsglasscheiben auf der Basis von farbigen Gläsern verwendet werden, es vermag aber nicht das vorstehend geschilderte Problem, das durch die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung hervorgerufen wird, zu lösen.Material and a coloring material. Although this known laminate can be used instead of laminated glasses based on colored glasses, it can not solve the above problem caused by the infrared radiation shielding effect.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zu Grunde, neue, gegebenenfalls farbige, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende, für sichtbares Licht transparente Laminate bereitzustellen, die die Nachteile des Standes der Technik beheben, und die trotz ihrer Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Wirkung die Funktion von für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlichen Sensoren und Kameras nicht beeinträchtigen. Außerdem sollen die neuen Laminate eine hohe Witterungsstabilität, Zwischenschichthaftung, Durchbruchsicherheit und Bruchfestigkeit sowie gegebenenfalls Farbstabilität und nach einer Beschädigung eine hohe Resttragfähigkeit aufweisen.It is an object of the present invention to provide novel, optionally colored, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminates, which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, and despite their infrared radiation shielding effect the function of infrared radiation-sensitive sensors and cameras not affect. In addition, the new laminates should have a high weathering stability, intercoat adhesion, breakthrough resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability and, after damage, a high residual capacity.
Außerdem lag der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung gegebenenfalls farbiger, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender, für sichtbares Licht transparenter Laminate bereitzustellen, das die Nachteile des Standes der Technik behebt sondern das in einfacher und sehr gut reproduzierbarer Weise in hohen Stückzahlen Laminate liefert, die trotz ihrer Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Wirkung die Funktion von für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlichen Sensoren und Kameras nicht beeinträchtigen sowie eine hohe Witterungsstabilität, Zwischenschichthaftung, Durchbruchsicherheit und Bruchfestigkeit sowie gegebenenfalls Farbstabilität und nach einer Beschädigung eine hohe Resttragfähigkeit aufweisen.In addition, the present invention was based on the object to provide a novel process for producing optionally colored, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminates, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art but provides in a simple and very well reproducible manner in large quantities laminates , despite their infrared radiation shielding effect does not affect the function of sensitive to infrared radiation sensors and cameras and high weathering stability, interlayer adhesion, breakdown resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability and after damage have a high residual capacity.
Nicht zuletzt lag der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine neue Verwendung für die neuen, gegebenenfalls farbigen, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminate sowie für die mithilfe des neuen Verfahrens hergestellten, gegebenenfalls farbigen, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminate in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr zu Lande, zu Wasser und zur Luft sowie im Möbel-, Geräte- oder Bausektor zu finden.Last but not least, the present invention was based on the object of a new use for the new, optionally colored, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminates and for the produced by the new method, optionally colored, infrared radiation shielding, For visible light, transparent laminates can be found in means of transport for transport by land, water and air as well as in the furniture, equipment or construction sector.
Demgemäß wurde das neue, farbige, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende für sichtbares Licht transparente Laminat gefunden, das zumindestAccordingly, the new colored infrared ray-shielding visible-light transparent laminate has been found, at least
(A) eine erste farblose, klare, transparente Schicht,(A) a first colorless, clear, transparent layer,
(B) auf der ersten farblosen, klaren, transparenten Schicht eine für sichtbares Licht transparente Zwischenschicht mit Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender Wirkung(B) on the first colorless, clear, transparent layer a visible light transparent intermediate layer with infrared radiation shielding effect
(b1 1), enthaltend(b1 1) containing
(b1 ) mindestens ein Polyvinylacetalharz als schichtbildendes Material und (b2) mindestens ein für mindestens Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster, und(b1) at least one polyvinyl acetal resin as a layer-forming material and (b2) at least one optical window transparent to at least infrared radiation, and
(C) auf der Zwischenschicht eine zweite farblose, klare, transparente Schicht,(C) a second colorless, clear, transparent layer on the intermediate layer,
in der angegebenen Reihenfolge übereinander liegend enthält, wobei das Laminat (ABC) außerhalb des für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischenin the order given above, wherein the laminate (ABC) outside of the transparent to infrared radiation optical
Fensters (b2) einen g-Wert < 75% aufweist.Window (b2) has a g-value <75%.
Im Folgenden wird das neue, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende, für sichtbares Licht transparente Laminat als »erfindungsgemäßes Laminat« bezeichnet.In the following, the new, infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminate is referred to as "inventive laminate".
Außerdem wurde das neue Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminats gefunden, bei dem manIn addition, the new process for producing an infrared radiation-shielding, visible-light-transparent laminate has been found in which
(I) eine für sichtbares Licht transparente Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) mit Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender Wirkung (b1 1), enthaltend mindestens ein Polyvinylacetalharz als schichtbildendes Material (b1 ), herstellt und(I) a visible light transparent precursor of the intermediate layer (B) with infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1), containing at least one polyvinyl acetal resin as a layer-forming material (b1), manufactures and
(II) hierin mindestens ein für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster (b2) erzeugt, wonach man die resultierende Zwischenschicht (B) mit mindestens einem für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fenster (b2) mit zwei klaren, transparenten Schichten (A) und (C) derart haftfest verbindet, dass ein Laminat resultiert, worin die Schichten (A), (B) und (C) in der angegebenen Reihenfolge übereinander liegen.(II) herein generates at least one infrared ray transmissive optical window (b2), after which bonding the resulting intermediate layer (B) to at least one infrared transparent optical window (b2) with two clear, transparent layers (A) and (C) in such a way that a laminate results wherein the layers (A), (B) and (C) over each other in the order given.
Im Folgenden wird das neue Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminats als »erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren bezeichnet«.In the following, the new method for producing an infrared radiation-shielding, transparent to visible light laminate is referred to as "inventive method".
Nicht zuletzt wurde die neue Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats und des nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Laminats in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr zu Lande, zu Wasser und zur Luft sowie im Möbel-, Geräte- oder Bausektor gefunden was im Folgenden als »erfindungsgemäße Verwendung« bezeichnet wird.Not least, the new use of the laminate according to the invention and of the laminate produced by the process according to the invention was found in means of transport for transport by land, sea and air and in the furniture, equipment or construction sector, which is referred to below as the "inventive use" ,
Im Hinblick auf den Stand der Technik war es überraschend und für den Fachmann nicht vorhersehbar, dass die Aufgabe, die der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde lag, mithilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats, des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung gelöst werden konnte.In view of the prior art, it was surprising and unforeseeable for the skilled person that the object on which the present invention was based could be achieved by means of the laminate according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention.
Insbesondere war es überraschend, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Laminate die Nachteile des Standes der Technik nicht mehr länger aufwiesen, sondern trotz ihrer Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Wirkung die Funktion von für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlichen Sensoren und Kameras nicht beeinträchtigten. Außerdem wiesen die neuen Laminate eine hohe Witterungsstabilität, Zwischenschichthaftung, Durchbruchsicherheit und Bruchfestigkeit sowie gegebenenfalls Farbstabilität und nach einer Beschädigung eine hohe Resttragfähigkeit auf.In particular, it was surprising that the laminates according to the invention no longer had the disadvantages of the prior art, but despite their infrared radiation shielding effect, did not impair the function of sensors and cameras sensitive to infrared radiation. In addition, the new laminates had a high weathering stability, intercoat adhesion, breakdown resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability and, after being damaged, a high residual capacity.
Außerdem war es überraschend, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die Nachteile des Standes der Technik nicht mehr länger aufwies, sondern in einfacher und sehr gut reproduzierbarer Weise in hohen Stückzahlen Laminate lieferte, die trotz ihrer Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Wirkung die Funktion von für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlichen Sensoren und Kameras nicht beeinträchtigten, eine hohe Witterungsstabilität, Zwischenschichthaftung, Durchbruchsicherheit und Bruchfestigkeit sowie gegebenenfalls Farbstabilität und nach einer Beschädigung eine hohe Resttragfähigkeit aufwiesen.In addition, it was surprising that the inventive method no longer had the disadvantages of the prior art, but in a simple and very reproducible manner in large quantities laminates delivered, despite their infrared radiation shielding effect the function of infrared radiation sensitive sensors and cameras not impaired, a high Weathering stability, intercoat adhesion, breakdown resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability and after damage have a high residual capacity.
Nicht zuletzt war es überraschend, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Laminate und die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Laminate hervorragend in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr zu Lande, zu Wasser und zur Luft sowie im Bausektor verwendet werden konnten, wobei sie trotz ihrer Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Wirkung die Funktion von für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlichen Sensoren und Kameras nicht beeinträchtigten, eine hohe Witterungsstabilität, Farbstabilität, Zwischenschichthaftung, Durchbruchsicherheit und Bruchfestigkeit und nach einer Beschädigung eine hohe Resttragfähigkeit aufwiesen.Last but not least, it was surprising that the laminates according to the invention and the laminates produced by the process according to the invention could be used excellently in locomotives for transport on land, water and in the air and in the construction sector, despite their infrared radiation shielding effect the function of for Infrared radiation sensitive sensors and cameras were not affected, a high weathering stability, color stability, interlayer adhesion, penetration resistance and breaking strength and had a high residual strength after damage.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Laminate haben eine Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung. Diese Wirkung kann durch Absorption oder Reflektion der Infrarotstrahlung hervorgerufen werden. Vorzugsweise wird sie durch die Absorption hervorgerufen. Bevorzugt werden dabei mehr als 50 %, insbesondere mehr als 70 % der eingestrahlten Infrarotstrahlung absorbiert.The laminates of the invention have an infrared radiation shielding effect. This effect can be caused by absorption or reflection of the infrared radiation. Preferably, it is caused by the absorption. Preferably, more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, of the incident infrared radiation is absorbed.
Sensoren und Kameras für Infrarotstrahlung sind vorzugsweise im Bereich von 350 nm bis 15 μm, bevorzugt von 380 nm bis 2200 nm und besonders bevorzugt von 400 nm bis 1200 nm, empfindlich.Sensors and cameras for infrared radiation are preferably in the range of 350 nm to 15 microns, preferably from 380 nm to 2200 nm and more preferably from 400 nm to 1200 nm, sensitive.
«g-Wert» bedeutet nach ISO 9050:2003-08 Gesamttransmissionsgrad an Sonnenenergie durch das erfindungsgemäße Laminat einer Verglasung. Der g-Wert einer Verglasung berechnet sich aus dem direkt transmittierten Sonnenlicht und dem sekundär vom Laminat in den Innenraum abgestrahltem Infrarotlicht."G value" means according to ISO 9050: 2003-08 total solar energy through the laminate according to the invention of a glazing. The g-value of a glazing is calculated from the directly transmitted sunlight and the secondary infrared radiation radiated from the laminate into the interior.
Der g-Wert ist vorzugsweise außerhalb des optischen Fensters (b2) des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats <75%, bevorzugt <70% und besonders bevorzugt <64%.The g value is preferably outside the optical window (b2) of the laminate according to the invention <75%, preferably <70% and particularly preferably <64%.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Laminate können farbig sein. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeute dies, dass sie eine bunte oder unbunte Farbe, insbesondere aber eine bunte Farbe, aufweisen können. Die erfindungsgemäßen Laminate sind transparent für sichtbares Licht. Vorzugsweise weisen sie eine Transmission für sichtbares Licht >50 %, bevorzugt >60 % und insbesondere >70 % auf.The laminates according to the invention can be colored. In the context of the present invention, this means that they can have a colorful or achromatic color, but in particular a colorful color. The laminates of the invention are transparent to visible light. Preferably, they have a transmission for visible light> 50%, preferably> 60% and in particular> 70%.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Laminate können unterschiedliche dreidimensionale Formen haben. So können sie planar oder in einer Richtung oder mehreren Richtungen des Raumes leicht oder stark gebogen oder gekrümmt sein.The laminates of the invention may have different three-dimensional shapes. Thus, they may be slightly curved or curved in one direction or in several directions of the space.
Die Fläche der erfindungsgemäßen Laminate kann breit variieren und richtet sich nach dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung. So können sie eine Fläche von wenigen Quadratzentimetern bis zu mehreren Quadratmetern haben. Insbesondere haben sie eine Fläche, wie sie Windschutzscheiben, Seitenscheiben, Heckscheiben oder Glasdächer für Kraftfahrzeuge üblicherweise aufweisen.The surface of the laminates according to the invention can vary widely and depends on the particular intended use in the context of the use according to the invention. So they can have an area of a few square centimeters to several square meters. In particular, they have an area such as windshields, side windows, rear windows or glass roofs for motor vehicles usually have.
Die Dicke der erfindungsgemäßen Laminate kann breit variieren und so hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise liegt die Dicke bei 4 bis 60 mm.The thickness of the laminates according to the invention can vary widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, the thickness is 4 to 60 mm.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Laminate enthalten eine erste und eine zweite farblose, klare, transparente Schicht (A) und (C).The laminates according to the invention contain a first and a second colorless, clear, transparent layer (A) and (C).
»Klar« bedeutet, dass die Schichten (A) und (C) keine oder nur eine messtechnisch erfassbare Trübung oder Haze aufweisen."Clear" means that the layers (A) and (C) have no or only a metrologically detectable haze or haze.
»Transparent« bedeutet hier, dass die Schichten (A) und (C) eine Transmission für sichtbares Licht >70 %, bevorzugt >80 % und insbesondere >90 % aufweisen.Transparent here means that the layers (A) and (C) have a transmission for visible light> 70%, preferably> 80% and in particular> 90%.
Als Materialien für den Aufbau der Schichten (A) und (C) kommen im Grunde alle Materialien in Betracht, die das vorstehend beschriebene Eigenschaftsprofil aufweisen und unter den Bedingungen der Herstellung und Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Laminate stabil sind und nicht beschädigt werden. Vorzugsweise werden Glas und klare Kunststoffe, vorzugsweise starre, klare Kunststoffe, insbesondere Polystyrol, Polyamid, Polyester, Polyvinylchlorid Polycarbonat oder Polymethylmethacrylat, verwendet.As materials for the construction of the layers (A) and (C) are basically all materials into consideration, which have the property profile described above and are stable under the conditions of preparation and use of the laminates of the invention and are not damaged. Preferably, glass and clear plastics, preferably rigid, clear plastics, in particular polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate or polymethylmethacrylate, are used.
Bevorzugt wird Glas verwendet. Im Grunde kommen alle Gläser in Betracht, wie sie üblicherweise für die Herstellung von Verbundgläsern, insbesondere von Verbundsicherheitsgläsern, verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise werden Floatglas und vorgespanntes und teilvorgespanntes Floatglas verwendet.Preferably, glass is used. Basically, all glasses come into consideration, as they are commonly used for the production of laminated glass, in particular of laminated safety glass. Preferably, float glass and tempered and partially tempered float glass are used.
Floatglas ist ein Flachglas, das mittels des Floatglasverfahrens hergestellt wird. Sowohl Verfahren zur Herstellung des Floatglases als auch die genaue Bedeutung dieses Begriffes sind dem Fachmann bekannt und müssen hier nicht weiter ausgeführt werden. Teilvorgespanntes und vorgespanntes Floatglas dienen üblicherweise der Herstellung von Einscheibensicherheitsglas. Insbesondere werden Alkali-Kalk-Hartglas oder Kalk-Natronglas nach DIN EN 572-1 verwendet. Weitere Beispiele geeigneter Gläser werden in Römpp-Online 2008 unter den Stichworten »Glas«, »Hartglas« oder »Sicherheitsglas« beschrieben oder sind aus der deutschen Übersetzung des europäischen Patent EP 0 847 965 B1 mit dem Aktenzeichen DE 697 31 2 168 T2, Seite 8, Absatz [0053], bekannt.Float glass is a flat glass produced by the float glass process. Both methods for the production of the float glass and the exact meaning of this term are known in the art and need not be further elaborated here. Semi-tempered and tempered float glass is commonly used to produce single-pane safety glass. In particular, alkali-lime-tempered glass or soda-lime glass according to DIN EN 572-1 are used. Further examples of suitable glasses are described in Römpp-Online 2008 under the keywords »glass«, »tempered glass« or »safety glass« or are from the German translation of the European patent EP 0 847 965 B1 with the file number DE 697 31 2 168 T2, page 8, paragraph [0053].
Die Dicke der Schichten (A) und (C) kann breit variieren und so hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise werden Gläser mit den Standardglasstärken von 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19 und 25 mm verwendet.The thickness of layers (A) and (C) can vary widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably glasses with the standard glass thicknesses of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19 and 25 mm are used.
Die Fläche der Schichten (A) und (C) kann breit variieren und richtet sich nach der Fläche der erfindungsgemäßen Laminate, die sie enthalten. Demgemäß werden bevorzugt die vorstehend beschriebenen Flächen angewandt.The area of the layers (A) and (C) can vary widely and depends on the area of the laminates according to the invention containing them. Accordingly, the above-described areas are preferably used.
Das erfindungsgemäße Laminat enthält außerdem eine gegebenenfalls farbige, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende, für sichtbares Licht transparente Zwischenschicht (B). Hierbei haben die Eigenschaften »farbig«, »Infrarotstrahlung abschirmend« und »für sichtbares Licht transparent« die jeweiligen vorstehend angegebenen Bedeutungen.The laminate of the invention also contains an optionally colored, infrared radiation shielding, visible light transparent intermediate layer (B). Here, the properties "colored", "infrared radiation shielding" and "transparent to visible light" have the respective meanings given above.
Die Zwischenschicht (B) enthält mindestens ein Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) als schichtbildendes Material. Beispiele geeigneter Polyvinylacetalharze (b1) sind aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 1 857 424 A1 , Seite 3, Absatz [0012], bis Seite 4, Absatz [0020], bekannt.The intermediate layer (B) contains at least one polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) as a layer-forming material. Examples of suitable polyvinyl acetal resins (b1) are known from the European Patent Application EP 1 857 424 A1, page 3, paragraph [0012], to page 4, paragraph [0020].
Der Gehalt der Zwischenschicht (B) an Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) kann sehr breit variieren und so den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls hervorragend angepasst werden.The content of the intermediate layer (B) of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) can vary widely and thus be excellently adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
Wesentlich ist, dass der Gehalt nicht so niedrig eingestellt werden darf, dass dieIt is essential that the salary should not be set so low that the
Menge an Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) nicht mehr für die Bildung einer homogenen, durchgängigen Schicht ausreicht. Vorzugsweise liegt der Gehalt, jeweils bezogen auf die Zwischenschicht (B), bei 50 bis 99,998 Gew.-%, bevorzugt, 55 bis 99,9 Gew.-% und insbesondere 60 bis 99 Gew.-%.Amount of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) is no longer sufficient for the formation of a homogeneous, continuous layer. Preferably, the content, in each case based on the intermediate layer (B), is from 50 to 99.998% by weight, preferably from 55 to 99.9% by weight and in particular from 60 to 99% by weight.
Die Zwischenschicht (B) hat eine Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung (b11 ) sowie gegebenenfalls eine farbgebende Wirkung (b12). Insbesondere hat die Zwischenschicht (B) eine Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung (b1 1) und eine farbgebende Wirkung (b12).The intermediate layer (B) has an infrared radiation shielding effect (b11) and optionally a coloring agent (b12). In particular, the intermediate layer (B) has an infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1) and a coloring effect (b12).
Die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung (b11 ) sowie die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung (b1 1) und die farbgebende Wirkung (b12) können in der unterschiedlichsten Art und Weise eingestellt werden.The infrared radiation shielding effect (b11) and the infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1) and the coloring effect (b12) can be adjusted in a variety of ways.
Die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung (b1 1) kann mithilfe mindestens eines Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Materials (b1 1) eingestellt werden.The infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1) can be adjusted by means of at least one infrared radiation shielding material (b1 1).
Im Grunde kommen alle üblichen und bekannten Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Materialien (b11 ) in Betracht, die unter den Bedingungen der Herstellung und der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Laminate stabil sind.Basically, all conventional and known infrared radiation shielding materials (b11) come into consideration, which are stable under the conditions of preparation and use of the laminates according to the invention.
Die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Materialien (b1 1) können in der Zwischenschicht (B) feinteilig oder molekulardispers vorliegen; vorzugsweise liegen sie feinteilig vor. Bevorzugt weisen sie Korngrößen im Bereich von 10 nm bis 50 μm, bevorzugt 20 nm bis 25 μm und insbesondere 30 nm bis 10 μm auf.The infrared radiation shielding materials (b1 1) may be finely divided or molecularly dispersed in the intermediate layer (B); preferably they are finely divided. They preferably have particle sizes in the range from 10 nm to 50 μm, preferably from 20 nm to 25 μm and in particular from 30 nm to 10 μm.
Vorzugsweise wird das Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Material (b1 1) wie feinteiligePreferably, the infrared radiation shielding material (b1 1) as finely divided
Metalle, Metalloxide, -hydroxide, -nitriden, -oxinitride, -sulfide, -phosphate, -pyrophosphate, -metaphosphate, -polyphosphate, -Silikate, -titanate, -vanadate, -molybdate, -wolframate und - fluoride, transparente elektrisch leitfähige Oxide, TCO und Infrarotstrahlung absorbierenden organischen Pigmente oder Gemische davon, ausgewählt.Metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, sulfides, phosphates, pyrophosphates, metaphosphates, polyphosphates, silicates, titanates, vanadates, -molybdates, tungstates and - fluorides, transparent electroconductive oxides, TCO and infrared radiation absorbing organic pigments or mixtures thereof.
Beispiele geeigneter Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender Materialien (b1 1) sind aus den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP 1 857 424 A1 , Seite 4, Absätze [0021] bis [0022], und EP 1 790 701 A1 , Seite 5, Absatz [0036], bis Seite 6, Absatz [0047], oder der Übersetzung der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 523 959 B1 mit dem Aktenzeichen DE 692 30 121 T2, Seite 7, Zeile 25, bis Seite 15, Zeile 8, und Seite 18, Zeile 1 1 , bis Seite 62, Zeile 5, bekannt.Examples of suitable infrared radiation-shielding materials (b1 1) are from European patent applications EP 1 857 424 A1, page 4, paragraphs [0021] to [0022], and EP 1 790 701 A1, page 5, paragraph [0036], to page 6 , Paragraph [0047], or the translation of the European patent specification EP 0 523 959 B1 with the file reference DE 692 30 121 T2, page 7, line 25, to page 15, line 8, and page 18, line 11, to page 62 , Line 5, known.
Der Gehalt der Zwischenschicht (B) an Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Materialien (b1 1) kann breit variieren und so hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise enthält die Zwischenschicht (B), jeweils bezogen auf ihre Gesamtmenge, 0,001 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,01 bis 15 Gew.-% und insbesondere 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% des Materials (b11 ).The content of the intermediate layer (B) of infrared radiation shielding materials (b1 1) can vary widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, the intermediate layer (B), in each case based on their total amount, from 0.001 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 15 wt .-% and in particular 0.1 to 10 wt .-% of the material (b11).
Die zusätzliche, farbgebende Wirkung (b12) kann in der unterschiedlichsten Art und Weise eingestellt werden.The additional, coloring effect (b12) can be adjusted in many different ways.
So können beide Wirkungen (b1 1) und (b12) mithilfe mindestens eines Materials eingestellt werden, das beide Wirkungen (b1 1) und (b12) in sich vereinigt. Im Grunde kommen alle üblichen und bekannten Materialien (b1 1/b12) in Betracht, die unter den Bedingungen der Herstellung, unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Laminate, stabil sind.Thus, both effects (b1 1) and (b12) can be adjusted by means of at least one material combining both effects (b1 1) and (b12). Basically, all customary and known materials (b1 1 / b12) which are stable under the conditions of preparation using the laminates according to the invention are suitable.
Werden Materialien (b11/b12) verwendet, müssen im Allgemeinen keine zusätzlichen Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Materialien (b1 1) und/oder farbgebende Materialien (b12) eingesetzt werden.When materials (b11 / b12) are used, generally no additional infrared radiation shielding materials (b1 1) and / or coloring materials (b12) are required.
Die Materialien (b1 1/b12) können in der Zwischenschicht (B) feinteilig oder molekulardispers verteilt vorliegen; vorzugsweise liegen sie feinteilig vor. Bevorzugt weisen sie Korngrößen im Bereich von 10 nm bis 50 μm, bevorzugt 20 nm bis 25 μm und insbesondere 30 nm bis 10 μm auf. Beispiele geeigneter Materialien (b1 1/b12) sind farbgebende und Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Eisenoxidpigmente, wie sie beispielsweise in Römpp Online 2008 unter dem Stichwort »Eisenoxid-Pigmente« beschrieben werden. Außerdem kommen Eisensulfid-Pigmente und eisen- und chromhaltige Pigmente in Betracht.The materials (b1 1 / b12) may be finely divided or dispersed in the intermediate layer (B); preferably they are finely divided. They preferably have particle sizes in the range from 10 nm to 50 μm, preferably from 20 nm to 25 μm and in particular from 30 nm to 10 μm. Examples of suitable materials (b1 1 / b12) are coloring and infrared radiation shielding iron oxide pigments, as described for example in Rompp Online 2008 under the heading »iron oxide pigments«. In addition, iron sulfide pigments and iron and chromium-containing pigments come into consideration.
Der Gehalt der Zwischenschicht (B) an den Materialien (b1 1/b12) kann sehr breit variieren und so hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise enthält die Zwischenschicht (B), jeweils bezogen auf ihre Gesamtmenge, 0,001 bis 30 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,01 bis 20 Gew.-% und insbesondere 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Materials (b11/b12).The content of the intermediate layer (B) on the materials (b1 1 / b12) can vary very widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, the intermediate layer (B), in each case based on their total amount, contains 0.001 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight and in particular 0.1 to 10% by weight of a material (b11 / b12) ,
Die zusätzliche farbgebende Wirkung (b12) kann aber auch mithilfe eines farbgebenden Materials (b12) erzeugt werden, das zusätzlich zu dem obligatorischen Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Material (b1 1) und/oder (b11/b12), insbesondere (b1 1), eingesetzt wird.However, the additional coloring effect (b12) can also be produced by means of a coloring material (b12) which is used in addition to the obligatory infrared radiation shielding material (b1 1) and / or (b11 / b12), in particular (b1 1).
Im Grunde kommen alle üblichen und bekannten farbgebenden Materialien (b12) in Betracht, die unter den Bedingungen der Herstellung und der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Laminate stabil sind. Vorzugsweise werden die farbgebenden Materialien (b12) aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus anorganischen Pigmenten sowie organischen Pigmenten und Farbstoffen ausgewählt.Basically, all customary and known coloring materials (b12) which are stable under the conditions of preparation and use of the laminates according to the invention come into consideration. Preferably, the coloring materials (b12) are selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments as well as organic pigments and dyes.
Die anorganischen und organischen Pigmente (b12) können feinteilig vorliegen. Die organischen Farbstoffe (b12) können molekulardispers vorliegen.The inorganic and organic pigments (b12) may be finely divided. The organic dyes (b12) may be molecularly dispersed.
Beispiele geeigneter anorganischer Pigmente (b12) sind aus Römpp Online 2008, »Anorganische Pigmente«, »Anorganische Buntpigmente«, »Eisenoxid-Pigmente« oder »Chromoxid(grün)-Pigmente«, bekannt.Examples of suitable inorganic pigments (b12) are known from Römpp Online 2008, "Inorganic Pigments", "Inorganic Coloring Pigments", "Iron Oxide Pigments" or "Chromium Oxide (green) Pigments".
Beispiele geeigneter organischer Pigmente (b12) und Farbstoffe (b12) sind Azo-, Metallkomplex-, Isoindolinon-, Isoindolin-, Phthaloycyanin-, Chinacridon-, Perinon-, Perylen-, Anthrachinon-, Acridin-, Diketopyrrolo-, Thioindigo-, Dioxazin-, Triphenylmethan- und Chinonaphthalonpigmente und -farbstoffe.Examples of suitable organic pigments (b12) and dyes (b12) are azo, metal complex, isoindolinone, isoindoline, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, anthraquinone, acridine, diketopyrrolo, thioindigo, dioxazine , Triphenylmethane and Chinonaphthalonpigmente and dyes.
Besonders bevorzugt werden grüne Pigmente (b12) und Farbstoffe (b12) verwendet. Der Gehalt der Zwischenschicht (B) an farbgebenden Materialien (b12) kann sehr breit variieren und so hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise enthält die Zwischenschicht (B), jeweils bezogen auf ihre Gesamtmenge, 0,001 bis 30 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,01 bis 20 Gew.-% und insbesondere 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Materials (b12).Particular preference is given to using green pigments (b12) and dyes (b12). The content of the intermediate layer (B) of coloring materials (b12) can vary very widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, the intermediate layer (B), in each case based on their total amount, from 0.001 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 20 wt .-% and in particular 0.1 to 10 wt .-% of a material (b12).
Selbstverständlich können auch Kombinationen von mindestens einem der vorstehend beschriebenen Materialien (b11/b12) und mindestens einem der vorstehend beschriebenen Materialien (b11 ) und/oder mindestens einem der vorstehend beschriebenen Materialien (b12) verwendet werden. Dabei können die vorstehend beschriebenen jeweils bevorzugten Mengen eingesetzt werden.Of course, combinations of at least one of the above-described materials (b11 / b12) and at least one of the above-described materials (b11) and / or at least one of the above-described materials (b12) may also be used. In this case, the respectively preferred amounts described above can be used.
Darüber hinaus kann die Zwischenschicht (B) übliche und bekannte Additive (b3) in wirksamen Mengen enthalten. Die Additive (b3) haben keine oder nur eine sehr geringe Infrarot abschirmende Wirkung. Beispiele geeigneter Additive sind aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 1 857 424 A1 , Seite 3, Absätze [0010] und [0011], und Seite 4, Absatz [0027], bis Seite 5, Absatz [0037], bekannt.In addition, the intermediate layer (B) may contain conventional and known additives (b3) in effective amounts. The additives (b3) have no or only a very low infrared screening effect. Examples of suitable additives are known from European Patent Application EP 1 857 424 A1, page 3, paragraphs [0010] and [0011], and page 4, paragraph [0027], to page 5, paragraph [0037].
Die Zwischenschicht (B) kann in unterschiedlicher Art und Weise aufgebaut sein.The intermediate layer (B) can be constructed in different ways.
So können in einer ersten Ausführungsform der Zwischenschicht (B) die Materialien (b1 1), und/oder (b11/b12) sowie (b12) homogen in einer Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) verteilt sein.Thus, in a first embodiment of the intermediate layer (B), the materials (b1 1), and / or (b11 / b12) and (b12) may be homogeneously distributed in a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1).
Polyvinylacetal enthält Acetalreste mit 1 bis 2 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise 1 bis 8, insbesondere 2 bis 6 C-Atome. Dabei wird Polyvinylbutyral besonders bevorzugt.Polyvinyl acetal contains acetal radicals having 1 to 2 C atoms, preferably 1 to 8, in particular 2 to 6 C atoms. In this case, polyvinyl butyral is particularly preferred.
In einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Zwischenschicht (B) kann das Material (b1 1) oder das Material (b11/b12) überwiegend, d.h. zu mehr als 50 % seiner Gesamtmenge in einer Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) vorliegen, wobei die restliche Menge in einer separaten Schicht oder in zwei separaten Schichten auf einer oder beidenIn a second embodiment of the intermediate layer (B), the material (b1 1) or the material (b11 / b12) may be predominantly, i. to be more than 50% of its total amount in a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1), the remainder being in a separate layer or in two separate layers on one or both
Hauptoberflächen der Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) vorliegt. In entsprechenderMain surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) is present. In appropriate
Weise können die Materialien (b1 1) und/oder (b12) überwiegend, d. h. zu mehr als 50 % ihrer jeweiligen Gesamtmenge, in einer Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) vorliegen. Die restlichen Mengen der Materialien (b11) und (b12) können dann auf einer oder auf beiden Hauptoberflächen der Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1 ) vorliegen. Dabei können die Materialien (b1 1) und (b12) gemeinsam eine homogene Schicht bilden oder in einer homogenen Schicht enthalten sein oder sie können getrennte homogenen Schichten bilden oder in homogenen getrennten Schichten enthalten sein.Way, the materials (b1 1) and / or (b12) predominantly, ie more than 50% of their respective total amount, in a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) available. The residual amounts of the materials (b11) and (b12) may then be present on one or both major surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1). In this case, the materials (b1 1) and (b12) together may form a homogeneous layer or be contained in a homogeneous layer or they may form separate homogeneous layers or be contained in homogeneous separate layers.
In einer dritten Ausführungsform der Zwischenschicht (B) kann das Material (b11 ) oder (b12) homogen in einer Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) verteilt sein, wobei das jeweils andere Material (b1 1) oder (b12) dann auf einer oder auf beiden Hauptoberflächen der Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1 ) als homogene Schicht oder in einer homogenen Schicht vorliegen kann.In a third embodiment of the intermediate layer (B), the material (b11) or (b12) may be homogeneously distributed in a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1), the other material (b1 1) or (b12) then being on one or both Main surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) may be present as a homogeneous layer or in a homogeneous layer.
Eine vierte Ausführungsform der Zwischenschicht (B) entspricht der dritten Ausführungsform, nur dass noch eine untergeordnete Menge, d. h. weniger als 50 % der jeweiligen Gesamtmenge, des Materials (b11) oder (b12) neben der Gesamtmenge oder der überwiegenden Menge des jeweils anderen Materials (b1 1) oder (b12) in der Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1 ) verteilt sein kann.A fourth embodiment of the intermediate layer (B) corresponds to the third embodiment, except that a minor amount, d. H. less than 50% of the respective total amount of the material (b11) or (b12) may be distributed in the layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) besides the total amount or the predominant amount of the other material (b1 1) or (b12).
In einer fünften Ausführungsform der Zwischenschicht (B) kann die Gesamtmenge des Materials (b11 ), des Materials (b1 1/b12) oder der Materialien (b1 1) und/oder (b1 1/b12) sowie (b12) als homogene Schicht oder in einer homogenen Schicht auf einer Hauptoberfläche oder auf beiden Hauptoberflächen einer Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) vorliegen.In a fifth embodiment of the intermediate layer (B), the total amount of the material (b11), the material (b1 1 / b12) or the materials (b1 1) and / or (b1 1 / b12) and (b12) as a homogeneous layer or in a homogeneous layer on a major surface or on both major surfaces of a layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1).
In einer sechsten Ausführungsform der Zwischenschicht (B) kann die Gesamtmenge des Materials (b1 1) als homogene Schicht oder in einer homogenen Schicht auf einer Hauptoberfläche und die Gesamtmenge des Materials (b12) als homogene Schicht oder in einer homogenen Schicht auf der anderen Hauptoberfläche einer Schicht aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) vorliegen.In a sixth embodiment of the intermediate layer (B), the total amount of the material (b1 1) as a homogeneous layer or in a homogeneous layer on one main surface and the total amount of the material (b12) as a homogeneous layer or in a homogeneous layer on the other main surface of a Layer of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) are present.
Die vorstehende Aufzählung ist nicht abschließend, sondern der Fachmann kann anhand der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre leicht weitere Ausführungsformen der Zwischenschicht (B) finden. Die Dicke der Zwischenschicht (B) kann breit variieren und so den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls hervorragend angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise liegt die Dicke bei 100 μm bis 5 mm, bevorzugt 200 μm bis 3 mm und insbesondere 200 μm bis 2 mm.The above list is not exhaustive, but the skilled person can easily find further embodiments of the intermediate layer (B) based on the teaching of the invention. The thickness of the intermediate layer (B) can vary widely and thus be adapted excellently to the requirements of the individual case. The thickness is preferably 100 μm to 5 mm, preferably 200 μm to 3 mm and in particular 200 μm to 2 mm.
Die Fläche der Zwischenschicht (B) entspricht vorzugsweise der Fläche des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats.The area of the intermediate layer (B) preferably corresponds to the area of the laminate according to the invention.
Für das erfindungsgemäße Laminat ist es wesentlich, das die Zwischenschicht (B) mindestens ein, insbesondere ein, für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster (b2) aufweist.It is essential for the laminate according to the invention that the intermediate layer (B) has at least one, in particular one, optical window (b2) transparent to infrared radiation.
»Durchlässig« bedeutet, dass das optische Fenster (b2) eine Transmission für Infrarotstrahlung aufweist, die signifikant höher ist als die Transmission für Infrarotstrahlung in den Bereichen des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats außerhalb des optischen Fensters (b2). Vorzugsweise ist die Transmission für Infrarotstrahlung >40 %, bevorzugt >50 % und insbesondere >60 %."Permeable" means that the optical window (b2) has a transmission for infrared radiation that is significantly higher than the transmission for infrared radiation in the areas of the laminate according to the invention outside the optical window (b2). Preferably, the transmission for infrared radiation is> 40%, preferably> 50% and in particular> 60%.
Die Fläche, Form und Platzierung des für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fensters (b2) in dem erfindungsgemäßen Laminat können breit variieren und hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden.The area, shape and placement of the infrared radiation transparent optical window (b2) in the laminate according to the invention can vary widely and be excellently adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
So darf die Fläche des optischen Fensters (b2) nicht so groß werden, dass die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Funktion des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats beeinträchtigt wird. Vorzugsweise nimmt die Fläche des optischen Fensters (b2) nicht mehr als 30 %, bevorzugt nicht mehr als 20 % und insbesondere nicht mehr als 10 % der Fläche des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats ein. Die untere Grenze für die Fläche des optischen Fensters (b2) richtet sich nach dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck, insbesondere nach den Erfordernissen der für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlichen Sensoren und Kameras, die hinter dem optischen Fenster (b2) platziert sind.Thus, the surface of the optical window (b2) must not become so large that the infrared radiation shielding function of the laminate according to the invention is impaired. Preferably, the area of the optical window (b2) does not occupy more than 30%, preferably not more than 20% and in particular not more than 10% of the area of the laminate according to the invention. The lower limit of the area of the optical window (b2) depends on the particular application, in particular according to the requirements of the infrared radiation-sensitive sensors and cameras, which are placed behind the optical window (b2).
Die Form des optischen Fensters (b2) richtet sich ebenfalls nach dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck. Vorzugsweise ist die Form kreisförmig, elliptisch, viereckig, quadratisch, rhomboedrisch, trapezförmig oder dreieckig. Auch die Platzierung des optischen Fensters (b2) richtet sich nach dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck. Vorzugsweise wird es so platziert, dass es einerseits im Strahlengang der für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlichen Sensoren und Kameras liegt und andererseits nicht andere Funktionen stört, wie dies beispielsweise bei einer Platzierung unmittelbar im Sichtbereich des Fahrers eines Kraftfahrzeugs der Fall wäre.The shape of the optical window (b2) also depends on the particular application. Preferably, the shape is circular, elliptical, quadrangular, square, rhombohedral, trapezoidal or triangular. The placement of the optical window (b2) also depends on the intended use. Preferably, it is placed so that it is on the one hand in the beam path of the infrared radiation sensitive sensors and cameras and on the other hand does not interfere with other functions, as would be the case for example in a placement directly in the field of vision of the driver of a motor vehicle.
In einer ersten Ausführungsform wird das optische Fenster (b2) von mindestens einem, insbesondere einem, passgenauen Einsatz (b21), der im Wesentlichen oder ganz aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) besteht, in mindestens einen, insbesondere einen, Durchbruch (b22) gebildet.In a first embodiment, the optical window (b2) of at least one, in particular, a precisely fitting insert (b21), which consists essentially or entirely of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1), is formed in at least one, in particular one, aperture (b22).
In dieser ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Laminats bestimmen die Form, die Fläche und die Platzierung des Einsatzes (b21) die Form, Fläche und Platzierung des optischen Fensters (b2).In this first embodiment of the laminate according to the invention, the shape, area and placement of the insert (b21) determine the shape, area and placement of the optical window (b2).
In einer zweiten Ausführungsform liegt das optische Fenster (b2) in mindestens einer Schicht vor, die die Materialien (b1 1), die Materialien (b1 1/b12) oder die Materialien (b1 1) und/oder (b11/b12) sowie (b12) enthält oder hieraus besteht und eine im Wesentlichen oder ganz aus Polyvinylacetalharz bestehende Schicht (b1) bedeckt, insbesondere vollflächig bedeckt. Das optische Fenster (b2) wird von einer Aussparung in der Schicht die die Materialien (b1 1), die Materialien (b11/b12) oder die Materialien (b1 1) und/oder (b11/b12) sowie (b12) enthält oder hieraus besteht, gebildet.In a second embodiment, the optical window (b2) is present in at least one layer comprising the materials (b1 1), the materials (b1 1 / b12) or the materials (b1 1) and / or (b11 / b12) and ( b12) contains or consists thereof and covers a substantially or entirely consisting of polyvinyl acetal resin layer (b1), in particular covered over the entire surface. The optical window (b2) is composed of a recess in the layer containing or consisting of the materials (b1 1), the materials (b11 / b12) or the materials (b1 1) and / or (b11 / b12) and (b12) exists, formed.
Was Fläche, Form und Platzierung des optischen Fensters (b2) gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform betreffen, gilt das vorstehend hierzu Gesagte sinngemäß.As for the area, shape and placement of the optical window (b2) according to the second embodiment, what has been said above applies mutatis mutandis.
Die zweite Ausführungsform des optischen Fensters (b2) wird vorzugsweise bei den vorstehend beschriebenen fünften und sechsten Ausführungsformen der Zwischenschicht (B) angewandt.The second embodiment of the optical window (b2) is preferably applied to the above-described fifth and sixth embodiments of the intermediate layer (B).
Erste und zweite Ausführungsform des optischen Fensters (b2) können in geeigneter Weise miteinander kombiniert werden, wobei der Fachmann solche Kombinationen ohne weiteres aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre finden kann. Insbesondere wird die erste Ausführungsform des optischen Fensters (b2) mit dem passgenauen Einsatz (b21) in dem Durchbruch (b22) verwendet.First and second embodiments of the optical window (b2) can be suitably combined with one another, with those skilled in the art readily finding such combinations on the basis of the teaching according to the invention. In particular, the first embodiment of the optical window (b2) with the snug insert (b21) is used in the aperture (b22).
Das erfindungsgemäße Laminat kann mithilfe unterschiedlicher Verfahren hergestellt werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist es von Vorteil das erfindungsgemäße Laminat mithilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens herzustellen.The laminate according to the invention can be produced by means of different methods. According to the invention, it is advantageous to produce the laminate according to the invention by means of the method according to the invention.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird im ersten Verfahrenschritt eine farbige, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende, für sichtbares Licht transparente Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) hergestellt.In the method according to the invention, in the first process step, a colored, infrared radiation-shielding, transparent to visible light precursor of the intermediate layer (B) is produced.
Die Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) enthält die vorstehend im Detail beschriebenen Bestandteile (b1), (b1 1), (b11/b12) oder (b1 1) und/oder (b1 1/b12) sowie (b12). Darüber hinaus kann die Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) mindestens einen der vorstehend beschriebenen Bestandteile (b3) enthalten.The precursor of the intermediate layer (B) contains the components (b1), (b1 1), (b11 / b12) or (b1 1) and / or (b1 1 / b12) and (b12) described in detail above. In addition, the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) may contain at least one of the above-described components (b3).
In einer ersten Ausführungsform des ersten Verfahrenschritts kann die Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) hergestellt werden, indem man mindestens ein Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) mit mindestens einem Material (b11 ), mit mindestens einem Material (b1 1/b12) oder mit mindestens einem Material (b11 ) und/oder mindestens einem Material (b11/b12) und mindestens einem Material (b12) vermischt und die resultierende Mischung zu einer Folie (B) formt. Dabei kann auch noch mindestens ein Additiv (b3) zugesetzt werden.In a first embodiment of the first process step, the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) can be prepared by reacting at least one polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) with at least one material (b11), with at least one material (b1 1 / b12) or with at least one material (b1). b11) and / or at least one material (b11 / b12) and at least one material (b12) and the resulting mixture is formed into a film (B). In this case, at least one additive (b3) can also be added.
Das Vermischen der Bestandteile kann mithilfe üblicher und bekannter Verfahren und Vorrichtungen in Lösung, Dispersion oder Schmelze erfolgen. Beispiele geeigneter Mischaggregate sind Rührkessel, Ultraturrax, Inline-Dissolver, Kneter und Extruder. Die resultierende homogene Mischung kann in üblicher und bekannter Weise, beispielsweise durch Gießen aus Lösung oder Dispersion, Kalandrieren, Pressen oder Folienblasen zur Folie (B) geformt werden.The mixing of the ingredients may be accomplished by conventional and known methods and apparatus in solution, dispersion or melt. Examples of suitable mixing units are stirred tank, Ultraturrax, inline dissolver, kneader and extruder. The resulting homogeneous mixture can be formed into the film (B) in a conventional manner, for example by casting from solution or dispersion, calendering, pressing or film blowing.
In einer zweiten Ausführungsform des ersten Verfahrenschritts kann die Vorstufe derIn a second embodiment of the first method step, the precursor of the
Zwischenschicht (B) hergestellt werden, indem man eine Folie (b1), die entweder dasIntermediate layer (B) are prepared by a film (b1), either the
Material (b11 ) oder das Material (b12) enthält und die vorzugsweise in der vorstehend beschriebenen Weise hergestellt worden ist, oder eine Folie (b1 ), die im Wesentlichen oder ganz aus einem Polyvinylacetalharz (b1 ) besteht, mit mindestens einer Schicht versieht, die mindestens ein Material (b1 1), mindestens ein Material (b1 1/b12) oder mindestens ein Material (b11 ) und/oder mindestens ein Material (b1 1/b12) sowie mindestens ein Material (b12) enthält oder hieraus besteht. Die betreffenden Schichten können aus den Materialien selbst oder aus flüssigen oder festen Mischungen, die diese Materialien enthalten, hergestellt werden. Für die Applikation dieser Schichten können übliche und bekannte Verfahren für das Auftragen von Flüssigkeiten und Feststoffen, wie Gießen aus Lösung oder Dispersion, Sprühen, Walzenauftrag, Bedrucken oder Pulverapplikation, sowie die entsprechenden Vorrichtungen verwendet werden.Material (b11) or the material (b12) and which has preferably been prepared in the manner described above, or a film (b1), the substantially or entirely of a polyvinyl acetal resin (b1), provided with at least one layer comprising at least one material (b1 1), at least one material (b1 1 / b12) or at least one material (b11) and / or at least one material (b1 1 / b12) and at least one material (b12) or consists thereof. The respective layers may be made of the materials themselves or of liquid or solid mixtures containing these materials. For the application of these layers conventional and known methods for the application of liquids and solids, such as casting from solution or dispersion, spraying, roller application, printing or powder application, and the corresponding devices can be used.
Außerdem können die erste und zweite Ausführungsform des ersten Verfahrenschritts in geeigneter Weise miteinander kombiniert werden, um Zwischenschichten (B) der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sowie weiterer Ausführungsformen zu erhalten. Der Fachmann kann geeignete Kombinationen ohne weiteres anhand der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre auffinden.In addition, the first and second embodiments of the first process step may be suitably combined with each other to obtain intermediate layers (B) of the above-described embodiments as well as other embodiments. The person skilled in the art can easily find suitable combinations based on the teaching according to the invention.
Im zweiten Verfahrenschritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird in der Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) mit einem für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fenster (b2) versehen.In the second process step of the process according to the invention, in the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) is provided with an optical window (b2) transparent to infrared radiation.
Dies kann dadurch erfolgen, dass man bereits bei der Applikation der Schicht oder den Schichten mit Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender Wirkung (b11 ) den für das optische Fenster (b2) vorgesehenen Bereich der Oberfläche der Folie (b1 ) nicht beschichtet, so dass dieser Bereich frei von den Materialien (b1 1) und (b1 1/b12) mit Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender Wirkung (b1 1) bleibt.This can be done by not coating the area of the surface of the film (b1) intended for the optical window (b2) during application of the layer or layers with infrared radiation-shielding effect (b11), so that this area is free of the Materials (b1 1) and (b1 1 / b12) with infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1) remains.
Es ist aber auch möglich, das optische Fenster (b2) herzustellen, indem man in der Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) einen entsprechenden Durchbruch (b22), beispielsweise durch Ausstanzen oder Ausschneiden, erzeugt und einen passgenauen Einsatz (b21 ), der im Wesentlichen oder ganz aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) besteht, einsetzt. Auch hier können die Ausführungsformen des zweiten Verfahrenschritts in geeigneter Weise miteinander kombiniert werden, wobei der Fachmann weitere Kombinationen anhand der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre ohne weiteres auffinden kann.However, it is also possible to produce the optical window (b2) by producing in the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) a corresponding opening (b22), for example by punching or cutting, and a precisely fitting insert (b21), essentially or entirely made of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1) is used. Again, the embodiments of the second process step can be combined with each other in a suitable manner, the skilled person can readily find other combinations based on the teaching of the invention.
Insbesondere wird das optische Fenster (b2) hergestellt, indem man in der Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) einen entsprechenden Durchbruch (b22), beispielsweise durch Ausstanzen oder Ausschneiden, erzeugt und einen passgenauen Einsatz (b21), der im Wesentlichen oder ganz aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) besteht, einsetzt, weil hierbei keine zusätzlichen Beschichtungsvorrichtungen, Beschichtungsmittel und entsprechende Verfahrenschritte angewandt werden müssen.In particular, the optical window (b2) is produced by producing in the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) a corresponding opening (b22), for example by punching or cutting, and a precisely fitting insert (b21) consisting essentially or entirely of polyvinyl acetal resin (b). b1), because no additional coating devices, coating agents and corresponding process steps have to be used.
Im dritten Verfahrenschritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die resultierende Folie (B) mit mindestens einem für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fenster (b2) mit zwei klaren, transparenten Schichten (A) und (C) derart haftfest verbunden, dass ein erfindungsgemäßes Laminat resultiert, worin die Schichten (A), (B) und (C) in der angegebenen Reihenfolge übereinander liegen.In the third process step of the process according to the invention, the resultant film (B) is adhesively bonded to at least one infrared ray-transmitting optical window (b2) with two clear, transparent layers (A) and (C), resulting in a laminate according to the invention, wherein the layers (A), (B) and (C) are superimposed in the order given.
Für den dritten Verfahrenschritt können übliche und bekannte Verfahren und Vorrichtungen, wie sie beispielsweise in der europäischen Patentschrift EP 1 857 424 A1 , Seite 5, Absätze [0042] bis [0044], beschrieben werden, verwendet werden.Conventional and known methods and devices, as described, for example, in European patent EP 1 857 424 A1, page 5, paragraphs [0042] to [0044], can be used for the third method step.
Die resultierenden erfindungsgemäßen Laminate weisen ein hervorragendes anwendungstechnisches Eigenschaftsprofil auf, so dass sie in vielfältiger Weise verwendet werden können. Insbesondere werden sie mit Vorteil in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr zu Lande, zu Wasser und zur Luft, vorzugsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen, wie Pkw, Lastkraftwagen und Zügen, in Luftfahrzeugen und in Schiffen sowie im Möbel-, Geräte- oder Bausektor, bevorzugt als transparente Bauteile, verwendet.The resulting laminates according to the invention have an outstanding performance property profile so that they can be used in a variety of ways. In particular, they are advantageously used in means of transport for land, sea and air transport, preferably in motor vehicles such as cars, trucks and trains, in aircraft and in ships, and in the furniture, equipment or construction sectors, preferably as transparent components. used.
Besonders bevorzugt werden die erfindungsgemäßen Laminate als Verbundsicherheitsglasscheiben in Fortbewegungsmitteln, insbesondere als Windschutzscheiben, Seitenscheiben, Heckscheiben und Glasdächer, speziell Windschutzscheiben, für Kraftfahrzeuge, speziell Pkw, sowie als architektonische Bauteile im Bausektor, insbesondere für Überkopfverglasungen für Dächer, Glaswände, Fassaden, Fensterscheiben, Glastüren, Balustraden,The laminates according to the invention are particularly preferred as laminated safety glass panes in means of locomotion, in particular as windscreens, side windows, rear windows and glass roofs, especially windshields, for motor vehicles, especially passenger cars, and as architectural components in the construction sector, in particular for overhead glazing for roofs, Glass walls, facades, window panes, glass doors, balustrades,
Brüstungsverglasungen, Oberlichter oder begehbares Glas, eingesetzt.Parapet glazing, skylights or walk-in glass used.
Wegen des in den erfindungsgemäßen Laminaten vorhandenen, für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optisches Fensters (b2) können davor oder dahinter platzierte, fürBecause of the present in the laminates according to the invention, for infrared radiation transparent optical window (b2) placed in front of or behind, for
Infrarotstrahlung empfindliche Sensoren oder Kameras ihre Funktion in vollem Umfang erfüllen, ohne dass die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Laminate beeinträchtigt wird. Hinzu kommt noch, dass sie eine hohe Witterungsstabilität, Zwischenschichthaftung, Durchbruchsicherheit und Bruchfestigkeit sowie gegebenenfalls Farbstabilität sowie nach der Beschädigung eine hohe Resttragfähigkeit aufwiesen.Infrared radiation sensitive sensors or cameras fulfill their function in full, without the infrared radiation shielding effect of the laminates of the invention is impaired. In addition, they have a high weathering stability, intercoat adhesion, penetration resistance and breaking strength and optionally color stability as well as a high residual strength after the damage.
Im Folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Laminat anhand der Figuren 1 bis 3 näher erläutert. Bei den Figuren 1 bis 3 handelt es sich um schematische Darstellungen, die das Prinzip der Erfindung veranschaulichen sollen. Die schematischen Darstellungen brauchen daher nicht maßstabsgetreu zu sein. Die dargestellten Größenverhältnisse müssen daher auch nicht den bei der Ausübung der Erfindung in der Praxis angewandten Größenverhältnissen entsprechen.The laminate according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. Figures 1 to 3 are schematic representations intended to illustrate the principle of the invention. The schematic representations therefore need not be true to scale. The illustrated proportions therefore do not have to correspond to the proportions used in practice of the invention in practice.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Verbundsicherheitsglasscheibe gemäß der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 1 857 424 A1 im Querschnitt.FIG. 1 shows a laminated safety glass pane according to the European patent application EP 1 857 424 A1 in cross-section.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Verbundsicherheitsglasscheibe gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung im Querschnitt.Figure 2 shows a laminated safety glass according to an embodiment of the present invention in cross section.
Figur 3 zeigt die Draufsicht auf die Verbundsicherheitsglasscheibe gemäß der FigurFIG. 3 shows the plan view of the laminated safety glass pane according to the FIGURE
2.Second
In den Figuren 1 bis 3 haben die Bezugszeichen die folgende Bedeutung:In FIGS. 1 to 3, the reference signs have the following meaning:
(A) farblose, klare Floatglasscheibe,(A) colorless, clear float glass,
(B) Zwischenschicht, enthaltend ein grünes farbgebendes Pigment (b12) und Indiumzinnoxid ITO als Infrarotstrahlung absorbierendem Pigment (b11), (b2) für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster aus reinem Polyvinylbutyral,(B) Intermediate layer containing a green coloring pigment (b12) and indium-tin oxide ITO as infrared-absorbing pigment (b11) (b2) infrared ray transparent optical window of pure polyvinyl butyral,
(B1) Polyvinylbutyral-Folie, enthaltend ein grünes farbgebendes Pigment (b12) und Indiumzinnoxid ITO als Infrarotstrahlung absorbierendem Pigment (b1 1) ohne ein für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster (b2),(B1) polyvinyl butyral film containing a green coloring pigment (b12) and indium tin oxide ITO as an infrared ray absorbing pigment (b1 1) without an infrared ray transmitting optical window (b2),
(C) farblose, klare Floatglasscheibe,(C) colorless, clear float glass,
(ABC) Laminat mit einem für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fenster (b2),(ABC) laminate with an infrared ray transparent optical window (b2),
(AB1C) Laminat ohne ein für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster (b2),(AB1C) laminate without an infrared ray-transmitting optical window (b2),
(bIR) blockierte Infrarotstrahlung,(bIR) blocked infrared radiation,
(dIR) durchgelassene Infrarotstrahlung und(DIR) transmitted infrared radiation and
(S, K) für Infrarotstrahlung empfindlicher Sensor oder empfindliche Kamera.(S, K) for infrared radiation sensitive sensor or sensitive camera.
Die Floatglasscheiben (A) und (C) haben Abmessungen, wie sie beispielsweise für Windschutzscheiben, Seitenscheiben, Glasdächer und Heckscheiben im Fahrzeugbau sowie für kleine, mittlere oder großflächige Scheiben im Möbel-, Geräte- oder Bausektor verwendet werden. Die Abmessungen können mehrere Quadratzentimeter bis mehrere Quadratmeter betragen.The float glass panes (A) and (C) have dimensions as used, for example, for windshields, side windows, glass roofs and rear windows in vehicle construction and for small, medium or large-area panes in the furniture, equipment or construction sector. The dimensions can be several square centimeters to several square meters.
Bei der Polyvinylbutyral-Folie (B1 ) handelt es sich um übliches und bekanntes Handelsprodukt, das z.B. der Firma Sekisui Chemical oder der Firma Solutia bezogen werden kann. Sie ist die Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B).The polyvinyl butyral film (B1) is a common and known commercial product which is e.g. the company Sekisui Chemical or the company Solutia can be obtained. It is the precursor of the intermediate layer (B).
Das Laminat gemäß der Figur 2 wird hergestellt, indem man die Polyvinylbutyral-Folie (B1 ) auf die erforderliche Größe, d.h. auf die Abmessungen der Floatglasscheiben (A) und (C) zuschneidet. Danach wird an der für das optische Fenster (b2) vorgesehenen Stelle die Folie (B1 ) in entsprechender Form und Größe ausgestanzt, wodurch der Durchbruch (b22) resultiert. Anschließend wird der passgenaue Einsatz (b21) aus einer Polyvinylbutyral-Folie ohne Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender Wirkung ausgeschnitten und in den Durchbruch (b22) eingesetzt. Hierdurch resultiert die Zwischenschicht (B).The laminate according to FIG. 2 is produced by cutting the polyvinyl butyral film (B1) to the required size, ie to the dimensions of the float glass panes (A) and (C). Thereafter, at the location provided for the optical window (b2), the film (B1) is punched out in a corresponding shape and size, resulting in the opening (b22). Subsequently, the precisely fitting insert (b21) from a Polyvinyl butyral film cut out without infrared radiation shielding effect and used in the breakthrough (b22). This results in the intermediate layer (B).
Anschließend werden die beiden Floatglasscheiben (A) und (C) mithilfe eines Vorverbundverfahrens (Kalanderwalzen-, Schlangen- oder Vakuumsackverfahren) und einem Autoklavverfahren über die mit dem optischen Fenster (b2) versehene Zwischenschicht (B) haftfest miteinander verbunden, so dass sich die Zwischenschicht (B) zwischen den beiden Floatglasscheiben (A) und (C) befindet und die Zwischenschicht (B) bildet.Subsequently, the two float glass panes (A) and (C) are adhesively bonded together by means of a precompounding process (calender roll, coil or vacuum bag process) and an autoclave process via the intermediate layer (B) provided with the optical window (b2), so that the intermediate layer (B) between the two float glass panes (A) and (C) and forms the intermediate layer (B).
Das Laminat gemäß der Figur 1 wird in gleicher Weise hergestellt, nur dass eine Polyvinylbutyral-Folie (B1) ohne Durchbruch (b22) und Einsatz (b21 ) verwendet wird. The laminate according to FIG. 1 is produced in the same way, except that a polyvinyl butyral film (B1) without breakthrough (b22) and insert (b21) is used.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Infrarotstrahlung abschirmendes, für sichtbares Licht transparentes Laminat, zumindest enthaltend, in der angegebenen Reihenfolge übereinanderliegend,1. Infrared radiation shielding, transparent to visible light laminate, at least comprising, in the order above one another,
(A) eine erste farblose, klare, transparente Schicht,(A) a first colorless, clear, transparent layer,
(B) auf der ersten farblosen, klaren, transparenten Schicht eine für sichtbares Licht transparente Zwischenschicht mit Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender Wirkung (b1 1), enthaltend(B) on the first colorless, clear, transparent layer a visible light transparent intermediate layer with infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1), containing
i. (b1 ) mindestens ein Polyvinylacetalharz als schichtbildendes Material und ii. (b2) mindestens ein für mindestens Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster, undi. (b1) at least one polyvinyl acetal resin as a layer-forming material, and ii. (b2) at least one optical window permeable to at least infrared radiation, and
(C) auf der Zwischenschicht eine zweite farblose, klare transparente Schicht.(C) on the intermediate layer, a second colorless, clear transparent layer.
2. Laminat nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Laminat (ABC) außerhalb des für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fensters (b2) einen g-Wert < 75%, bevorzugt einen g-Wert < 64% aufweist.2. Laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the laminate (ABC) outside the infrared radiation-transmitting optical window (b2) has a g-value <75%, preferably a g-value <64%.
3. Laminat nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässige optische Fenster (b2) keine Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung (b11 ) und/oder farbgebende Wirkung (b12) hat.3. Laminate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the infrared radiation permeable optical window (b2) has no infrared radiation shielding effect (b11) and / or coloring effect (b12).
4. Laminat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die4. Laminate according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the
Zwischenschicht (B) eine farbgebende Wirkung (b12) hat.Interlayer (B) has a coloring effect (b12).
5. Laminat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung (b11) von einem Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Material (b11 ) und/oder von einem Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden und farbgebenden Material (b1 1/b12) hervorgerufen ist. 5. Laminate according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the infrared radiation shielding effect (b11) of an infrared radiation shielding material (b11) and / or of an infrared radiation shielding and coloring material (b1 1 / b12) is caused.
6. Laminat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die farbgebende Wirkung durch mindestens ein Material (b1 1) und/oder mindestens ein Material (b1 1/b12) hervorgerufen ist.6. Laminate according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coloring effect by at least one material (b1 1) and / or at least one material (b1 1 / b12) is caused.
7. Laminat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässige optische Fenster (b2) von einem passgenauen Einsatz (b21), der im Wesentlichen oder ganz aus Polyvinylacetalharz (b1) besteht, in einen Durchbruch (b22) durch die Zwischenschicht (B) gebildet ist.7. Laminate according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the infrared radiation transmissive optical window (b2) of a precisely fitting insert (b21), which consists essentially or entirely of polyvinyl acetal resin (b1), in a breakthrough (b22) is formed by the intermediate layer (B).
8. Laminat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässige optische Fenster (b2) frei von farbgebenden Materialien (b12) und/oder von Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden Materialien (b1 1) und (b1 1/b12) ist.8. Laminate according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the transparent to infrared radiation optical window (b2) free of coloring materials (b12) and / or infrared radiation shielding materials (b1 1) and (b1 1 / b12) ,
9. Laminat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichten (A) und (C) aus mindestens einem Material bestehen, das aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Glas und Kunststoffen, ausgewählt ist.9. Laminate according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the layers (A) and (C) consist of at least one material which is selected from the group consisting of glass and plastics.
10. Laminat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Infrarot abschirmende Material (b11) feinteilige Metalle, Metalloxide, -hydroxide, -nitride, -oxinitride, -sulfide, -phosphate, -pyrophosphate, -metaphosphate, - polyphosphate, -Silikate, -titanate, -vanadate, -molybdate, -wolframate und - fluoride, transparente elektrisch leitfähige Oxide TCO und Infrarotstrahlung absorbierende organische Pigmente und Gemische davon enthält.10. Laminate according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the infrared-shielding material (b11) finely divided metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, sulfides, phosphates, pyrophosphates, metaphosphates, - polyphosphates , Silicates, titanates, vanadates, molybdates, tungstates and fluorides, transparent electroconductive oxides containing TCO and infrared radiation absorbing organic pigments and mixtures thereof.
11. Laminat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende und farbgebende Material (b1 1/b12) aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus anorganischen Pigmenten, organischen Pigmenten und Farbstoffen, bevorzugt bestehend aus Eisenoxid-Pigmenten, Eisensulfid- Pigmenten und eisen- und chromhaltigen Pigmenten, ausgewählt ist.11. Laminate according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the infrared radiation shielding and coloring material (b1 1 / b12) from the group consisting of inorganic pigments, organic pigments and dyes, preferably consisting of iron oxide pigments, iron sulfide Pigments and iron and chromium pigments is selected.
12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminats, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man (I) eine für sichtbares Licht transparente Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) mit Infrarotstrahlung abschirmender Wirkung (b1 1), enthaltend mindestens ein Polyvinylacetalharz als schichtbildendes Material (b1 ), herstellt und12. A method for producing an infrared radiation-screening, transparent to visible light laminate, characterized in that one (I) a visible light transparent precursor of the intermediate layer (B) with infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1), containing at least one polyvinyl acetal resin as a layer-forming material (b1), manufactures and
(II) hierin mindestens ein für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiges optisches Fenster (b2) erzeugt, wonach man(II) herein generates at least one infrared ray transmissive optical window (b2), after which
(III) die resultierende Zwischenschicht (B) mit mindestens einem für(III) the resulting intermediate layer (B) with at least one for
Infrarotstrahlung durchlässigen optischen Fenster (b2) mit zwei klaren, transparenten Schichten (A) und (C) derart haftfest verbindet, dass ein Laminat resultiert, worin die Schichten (A), (B) und (C) in der angegebenen Reihenfolge übereinander liegen.Infrared-radiation transmissive optical window (b2) with two clear, transparent layers (A) and (C) adherently so that a laminate results, wherein the layers (A), (B) and (C) on the other in the order listed.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Laminat gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 hergestellt wird.13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that a laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is prepared.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das für Infrarotstrahlung durchlässige optische Fenster (b2) herstellt, indem man in der Vorstufe der Zwischenschicht (B) einen Durchbruch (b22) erzeugt, in den der passgenaue Einsatz (b21 ), der keine Infrarotstrahlung abschirmende Wirkung (b1 1) hat, eingesetzt wird.14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that one produces the transparent to infrared radiation optical window (b2) by in the precursor of the intermediate layer (B) produces an opening (b22), in which the perfect fit insert (b21) which has no infrared radiation shielding effect (b1 1) is used.
15. Verwendung des farbigen, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares15. Use of colored, infrared radiation shielding, for visible
Licht transparenten Laminats gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 und des nach dem Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14 hergestellten, farbigen, Infrarotstrahlung abschirmenden, für sichtbares Licht transparenten Laminats in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr zu Lande, zu Wasser und zur Luft sowie im Möbel-, Geräte- oder Bausektor. The transparent laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 11 and the colored, infrared-ray transparent, visible-light-transparent laminate produced by the method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, in locomotive, water and air transport means and in the air Furniture, equipment or construction sector.
EP10700746A 2009-01-24 2010-01-18 Laminate that screens infrared radiation, is transparent to visible light, and has an optical window that allows infrared light to pass, method for the production thereof, and use thereof Withdrawn EP2382089A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009006062A DE102009006062A1 (en) 2009-01-24 2009-01-24 Infrared-screening laminate, e.g. for car windscreens, comprises two clear, colorless layers and an interlayer which is transparent to visible light and opaque to infrared except for an IR-transparent optical window
DE102009019622A DE102009019622A1 (en) 2009-01-24 2009-04-30 Infrared radiation shielding transparent to visible light laminate with an infrared ray transparent optical window, process for its preparation and its use
PCT/EP2010/050507 WO2010084092A1 (en) 2009-01-24 2010-01-18 Laminate that screens infrared radiation, is transparent to visible light, and has an optical window that allows infrared light to pass, method for the production thereof, and use thereof

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EP2382089A1 true EP2382089A1 (en) 2011-11-02

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US (1) US20110199674A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2382089A1 (en)
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DE (1) DE102009019622A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2010084092A1 (en)

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