EP2381413A1 - Method and determination system for automatic determination of emission varieties, and method based on this method and traffic management system for immissions-dependent traffic management - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves inputting values regarding emission substances. A spatial backtracing of emission substances is performed based on the input values using predefined rules, in order to perform propagation determination of emission substances. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) method for immission-dependent traffic control in traffic sector; (2) determination system of emission substances; and (3) traffic control system.

Description

Method and determination system for automatic determination of emission locations, and method based thereon and traffic control system for immission-dependent traffic control

The present invention relates to a method for the automatic determination of emission locations of selected emission substances starting from a selected immission location and, associated therewith, a determination system for the same purpose. In addition, it relates to a method and a traffic control system for immissions-dependent traffic control in a traffic area, in which the aforementioned method on the one hand and the aforementioned detection system can be used on the other.

Depending on the nature of the substances, traffic-related emissions account for a large proportion of the environmentally relevant pollutants produced by incineration. Emissions of particulate matter and soot particles, for example, came to about 90% in Germany in 1999 and over 50% to nitrogen oxides. The effects of these emissions are often recorded as immissions in other places, the immission sites, than at the emission sites where they were emitted.

The spread of pollutants, in particular of air pollutants, takes place depending on the type of substances and on the wind and weather conditions as well as on the relief of a landscape including the existing development and planting. With the aid of complex propagation models, the immission situation can be calculated on the basis of the emission situation and possibly other complex influencing factors. It is therefore possible to create an immission map, if the discharge quantities and locations of emissions are known. On this map are then for various pollutants so-called hotspots, ie to identify focal points with a particularly high concentration of the respective pollutants.

Another way of detecting such hotspots is to measure emissions with gauges. These devices are distributed over a measuring area and locally determine the pollutant concentrations. A well-known hotspot in Germany, for example, is a measuring point on Landshuter Allee in Munich, where violations of permissible fine dust concentrations are often measured.

Exceeding limit values creates a need to protect the population and the environment. Therefore, traffic-regulating measures are used today, for example in Germany the introduction of the fine dust sticker in so-called environmental zones. These measures, however, only very diffusely attack the cause of the immissions, because so far only lump-sum interventions can be carried out, which are hoped to alleviate the immission situation at the hotspot. In order to achieve a more targeted and effective way of counteracting transboundary emission situations, it would be necessary to identify where the emissions that cause the immission situation come from.

However, such a method is so far neither in use nor known, which is why the object of the invention is to provide possibilities for carrying out such a method and, as a consequence, to enable improved environmental data-dependent traffic control.

These objects are achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a determination system according to claim 13 and by a traffic control method according to claim 10 and a traffic control system according to claim 14.

Accordingly, in a method for automatically determining emission locations of selected emission materials from a selected immission location based on input values directly or indirectly related to the emissions, using defined rules of emission propagation determination appropriate Propagation model a spatial traceability of the emission materials, indicating distribution values.

In this context, both emission and immission locations are generally defined as locations of arbitrarily selectable extent. This means that such places can be points, for example measuring points, but also, for example, road sections, so-called network links, or even neighborhoods.

In the context of the invention, emissions or immissions are preferably defined as environmentally relevant pollutants. Pollutants, in turn, are all those substances and / or mixtures of substances which, according to scientific opinion but also according to subjective opinion, are likely to cause damage to humans and / or nature and / or buildings and / or to the development of the earth's atmosphere. A special focus is on the pollutants that can cause such damage to the immission. In this case, the method according to the invention preferably takes into account such pollutants which are emitted by means of transport, in particular of land transport means and in particular of those which are driven by combustion engines. A special focus is on the individual land transport. This concentration stems, on the one hand, from the fact that land-based private transport is, on the one hand, a major cause of immissions that can be measured at immissions near the ground and that can therefore cause the above-mentioned damage. On the other hand, pollutant emissions of precisely this means of transport can be counteracted particularly effectively by means of suitable traffic control measures. In principle, the determination method according to the invention can also be applied to industrially induced emissions or the method can take into account such emissions.

As input values for carrying out the method according to the invention, a multiplicity of data can be used. With reference to the emission substances, such input values are understood, the emission and / or immission data include. These can be measured values as well as values from simulations or models. Indirectly related to emissions are all those input values from which can be derived by calculation methods, for example based on emission models and / or emission data. In particular, it is preferred that these input values are at least partially traffic-related. They may therefore include emission levels that are at least partially due to traffic-related pollutants and / or include, for example, traffic counts and / or estimates such as car numbers or speed distributions.

The invention uses these input values and applies rules of a suitable propagation model for the emitters to which reference is made. However, the rules of this propagation model are not necessarily used to determine emission spread. Instead, they can also be used in a kind of back calculation in order to infer the place of their causation, ie the place of emission, from the place of action of the pollutant, the place of immission, on the basis of the logic of the model. This can be done, for example, by reversing the rules, ie. H. the use of the inverse rules of this propagation model, supplemented if necessary by further rules that serve to refine the investigation procedure. Alternatively or additionally, emission substances can be marked depending on their origin (see below), so that after application of the dispersion model, it is possible to detect, based on the labels, where the emissions originated from.

A third variant, which can likewise be used as an alternative or in addition to the aforementioned variants, is to determine emission values at emission locations and immission values at at least one immission location by measurement and / or simulation and then to select a propagation model which determines the propagation of the determined emissions in the direction of the immission places. This can at least with relatively high probability, a correct assignment of emission and immission sites done.

• das Modell MISKAM, das neben anderen ebenfalls nutzbaren Modellen in dem Artikel Lohmeyer, A. et al: Modelle zur Berechnung der Luftqualität und ihre Anwendung, erhältlich unter http://www.lohmeyer.de/aireia/models/modelleindeutschland.htm näher beschrieben ist.
• das dem Programm WinKFZ zugrunde liegende Modell, dessen Funktionen beispielsweise unter http://www.schorling.net/en/data/media/docs/winkfz_72_ov erview-de.pdf detaillierter aufgeführt sind.
• das Modell IMMIS, näher beschrieben unter http://www.ivu-umwelt.de/front_content.php?idcat=80 und den damit verbundenen Unterseiten.

There are a variety of propagation models whose rules can be applied for use in the method of the invention. Examples for this are:

• the model MISKAM, which in addition to other also usable models in the article Lohmeyer, A. et al: Air quality calculation models and their application, available at http://www.lohmeyer.de/aireia/models/modelleindeutschland.htm is described in more detail.
• the model underlying the WinKFZ program, whose functions are listed in greater detail, for example, at http://www.schorling.net/en/data/media/docs/winkfz_72_ov erview-en.pdf.
• the model IMMIS, described in more detail under http://www.ivu-umwelt.de/front_content.php?idcat=80 and the associated subpages.

These references are intended to be part of the disclosure of the present application. Such models can take into account a variety of factors for the propagation of airborne pollutants. These include, among others, meteorological factors (wind direction and speed, temperature, inversion weather conditions, etc.), roads (relief, street category, etc.), emissions themselves (for example, according to the HBEFA manual for emission factors of the Federal Environmental Agency), structural elements ( Buildings, noise abatement measures, etc., which influence the spread of pollutants, etc.), the topography in the study area, as well as the receptors and the pollutants to be calculated. This summary list shows that modeling in this area of application has reached a certain fineness which now uses the invention for tracing.

Generally, in the context of the invention, the term model is distinguished from that of the calculation or simulation method in that a model provides the logical basis for carrying out a calculation or simulation method. For this purpose, it is based on rules with the aid of which input data, for example emission values or, in the case of an emission model, traffic data, can be further processed. In addition, basic assumptions can already be made in the model, such as information on the topology of a study area and much more. In the case of a propagation model, for example, the above-mentioned influencing factors are used in the model as input data.

The emissions are traced spatially. In this process, distribution values are determined and indicated which inform a user about how many emission substances, which can be determined at a defined immission location, originate from a specific emission location. Such distribution values can, for example, be presented as probability statements which show the probability with which a pollutant particle or a group of such particles originates from the point of emission. Alternatively and / or additionally, absolute values in the form of a quantity specification for pollutants from an emission location and / or relative values in the sense of quantitative information can be provided. The choice of the examined parameter (probability, absolute or relative information etc.) depends mainly on the selected propagation model and the concrete traceability method used, as will be shown below.

With the aid of the method according to the invention, it is now possible, depending on an immission location, to identify one or more emission locations, from which a measured emission and / or emission calculated by simulation originates. The method makes use of an already existing logic, namely that of the respectively selected propagation model, so that no completely new model formation necessary to arrive at the desired findings. It is therefore relatively easy and inexpensive to provide and can also be easily performed with appropriate programming. The reliability of the generated discovery data depends essentially on the accuracy of the chosen propagation model; Thus, when using a high-precision propagation model, it can be at least as high as the propagation model itself. In addition, a further refinement of a selected propagation model practically automatically results in an increase in the accuracy of the results of the method according to the invention.

The invention also encompasses a method for immission-dependent traffic control in a traffic area, in which control signals for controlling a traffic at an emission location are generated, which are automatically determined on the basis of an immission location at which emission substances of this emission location can be determined as immissions.

The novelty of this traffic control procedure is thus quite fundamentally to determine, starting from an immission location, the corresponding emission locations and not, as hitherto, to carry out traffic control measures either at the immission location or unspecifically in a large-scale traffic area. Instead, the traffic control takes place at least with priority, ie primarily at the determined emission location, at several determined emission locations, preferably at these multiple locations, particularly preferably with a weighting as a function of determined distribution values of the emissions to the individual emission locations. In addition, it may be provided to carry out the traffic control mainly or exclusively at selected determined emission locations, in particular if there are sufficient means for corresponding traffic control only in these areas.

Particularly preferably, the emission location is determined in the context of the traffic control method according to the invention by applying a determination method according to the invention, since, as explained above, the logic of this method provides the data required for the emission location simply and accurately.

• eine Eingangsschnittstelle für Eingangswerte der oben erwähnten Art, die sich direkt oder indirekt auf die Emissionsstoffe beziehen, und
• eine Ermittlungseinheit, die im Betrieb Regeln eines zu einer Ausbreitungsermittlung der Emissionsstoffe geeigneten Ausbreitungsmodells dazu verwendet, auf Basis der Eingangswerte eine räumliche Rückverfolgung der Emissionsstoffe unter Angabe von Verteilungswerten durchzuführen,
• bevorzugt eine Ausgangsschnittstelle zur Aufgabe der Verteilungswerte und/oder von Ortsangaben zu den ermittelten Emissionsorten.

A determination system according to the invention for the automatic determination of emission locations of selected emission substances starting from a selected immission location comprises at least

• an input interface for input values of the type mentioned above that relate directly or indirectly to the emission materials, and
• a determination unit which, during operation, uses rules of a propagation model suitable for a determination of the propagation of the emission substances to carry out a spatial traceability of the emission materials on the basis of the input values, stating distribution values,
• preferably an output interface for the task of distribution values and / or location information to the determined emission locations.

In addition to this, the determination system may also include a selection data input interface for feeding selection data on selected emission substances. This can be realized as a user input interface, but also as an input interface for selection data from a database, which is held about that for a particular study area certain emissions are to be checked. The database can also be arranged within the detection system, for example in the form of a data memory.

Furthermore, the determination system can have an immission location selection unit for selecting an immission location, which preferably automatically has a suitable immission location, for example a hotspot of the kind set out above, on the basis of which the determination of the emission location is to take place.

A traffic control system according to the invention for immission-dependent traffic control in a traffic area has a control unit which generates control signals for controlling traffic at an emission location during operation, and a detection system which is designed to automatically determine the emission location from an immission location during operation where emissions from the point of emission are measurable as immissions.

For carrying out the traffic control method according to the invention, therefore, a computer program product which can be loaded directly into a processor of a computer device is also preferably used, with program code means in order to carry out all the steps of such a traffic control method.

It is particularly preferred that the traffic control system according to the invention comprises a determination system according to the invention.

Both in a determination system according to the invention and in a traffic control system according to the invention, in particular the determination unit can be designed both as a standalone individual component hardware and / or software technology as well as integrated with other units within an electronic processor module. It can be implemented in whole or in part on a computer of the traffic control system. In addition, the input interface and, if appropriate, further interfaces can be embodied as hardware in the form of input or output sockets or wireless interfaces of a device as well as in the form of software or as a combination of hardware and software components. Interfaces, for example, in the form of pure software interfaces also directly from the data Traffic control system or take over from the detection system, for example, if the detection system is arranged on the same computer as the traffic control system. The interfaces can continue to be combined as an input / output interface.

A structure of the determination system and / or the traffic control system in the form of software has the advantage of a quick and cost-effective implementation. Therefore, a computer program product which can be loaded directly into a processor of a computer device, with program code means in order to carry out all the steps of a respective such method, is preferably used to carry out the methods according to the invention.

Further particularly advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description. In this case, the inventive method can also be developed according to the dependent claims for the systems and vice versa, whereby the features of the method for the development of the two systems can be used and vice versa, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Preferably, the immission location is selected from a list of a plurality of specific immission locations whose associated immission values were determined on the basis of an application of the same propagation model. Thus, the propagation model is used both for the determination of immission locations and for the determination of immission values present at these immission locations as well as for the determination of the emission locations corresponding to these immission locations. The immission values refer to quantities, volumes or proportions of certain emission substances, as can be determined at the place of immission, ie can be deduced by measurement or suitable calculation methods.

As mentioned, one of the advantages of the invention lies in the fact that an already existing propagation model can be used to determine emission locations. The use of one and the same model not only saves resources, but above all contributes significantly to achieving a high degree of consistency and rigor in the statements. In this case, in the application of the propagation model, it is particularly preferred to use as input values based on measured data determined and / or simulated locally assigned emission values. Such emission levels can be based directly on real measurements at the emission sources. However, they can also be derived from other measurement data, in traffic such as traffic measurement data such as traffic density using emission simulation methods. A simulation model that can be used for this purpose offers, for example, the HBEFA mentioned above:

The Federal Environment Agency publishes the handbook for emission factors at regular intervals. This comprehensive database of emissions from road traffic pollutants compiles emission factors of motor vehicles for the most important air pollutants and fuel consumption. The data are structured according to numerous technical and traffic parameters such as vehicle type (car, truck, bus, etc.), exhaust gas purification (regulated, uncontrolled catalyst, etc.), drive mode (petrol, diesel), and traffic situations (city traffic, highway, motorway, etc.). In addition, the different shares of freight and passenger traffic can be traced back to the pollutant emissions. In addition, with the version for Germany, the fleet mix on German roads can be displayed graphically or in tabular form.

It has proved to be particularly advantageous, since it is particularly reliable from the data base, for the input values to comprise real traffic measurement data of a traffic situation. These traffic metrics, such as information on the number and / or speed of vehicles, congestion and much more, are preferably obtained from current traffic measurements. Alternatively or additionally, real measured data stored in databases can also be used, in particular those which are congruent with the current situation at the time of determining the emission location in as many reference parameters as possible (eg time of day, day of the week, weather conditions). An emission situation is then derived from the traffic measurement data and from this an immission situation by means of the propagation model. From this immission situation arise for a user and / or automatic recognition the immissions places, for which a determination of the associated emission locations is particularly important.

In the application of the propagation model, an immission map, i. H. in particular, an immission map, or created an immission matrix, from which emerge each of the immission levels at certain immission sites. This makes it easier for a user to select an immission location suitable for his / her knowledge of interest, and also speeds up the process. Immission maps, in particular, can be operated intuitively and often show at a glance where, for example, hotspots of the type mentioned above can be found.

A special advantage in knowledge arises when the selection of an immission location - preferably automatically - is made on the basis of local and regional load values of a number of emission substances present and / or calculated at this immission location. This number may consist of a single substance or of a group of substances which are preferably assigned to a common pollutant group. Thus, for example, hotspots and / or locations are determined with respect to individual immissions to be considered, at which load limit values are exceeded. Starting from such places with high or even peak loads, emission sites can be identified in which an emission of pollutants takes place, which contributes particularly strongly to the exceeding of limit values and therefore to damages in general.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the propagation model is used, emissions are provided according to their origin with, more preferably unambiguous, markings. These can be stored, for example, as codes or in the form of identification numbers, advantageously supplemented by information at the time of emission of the emissions. You can refer to particle clouds or clusters and also be broken down by particle type (size, weight or similar) and / or particle group (especially substance group). Particular preference is given to marking individual particles with origin markers which are dependent on their emission location. Thus, each particle is easily traceable again, which can significantly increase the quantification in terms of distribution values and the spatial or spatial assignment accuracy to the emission sites. In addition, the traceability of emissions is very simple: the emissions or particles can be plotted in a histogram by place of origin.

In addition, a positive additional effect can be achieved if, in addition to the emission locations, classes of emitters of the selected emission materials are determined. These classes can refer, for example, to vehicle classes of the Federal Motor Vehicle Office, or to drive or engine classes or even broken down to individual vehicle types, possibly even staggered according to approval data and much more. Such a refinement of the allocation of emissions provides the data base, which can be used, for example, for even more targeted traffic control. For the determination of vehicle classes, the use of a propagation model on the basis of the above-mentioned origin marks is particularly advantageous since the origin of vehicles can also be coded in a tag.

In addition, in addition to the emission locations and possibly the vehicle classes, emission times of the selected emission substances can be determined. This leads to a representation of the temporal emission process, which is above all for assessment the effectiveness of traffic control measures can play an important role. For example, pollutants can be measured in a calm spot at an immission location at a time long after the time of causation. A current intervention in the traffic situation at the point of emission may therefore make no sense whatsoever. On the other hand, it is also possible to determine time curves from which preemptive traffic control measures can be derived in anticipation of possible limit value exceedances at a later point in time.

As far as the determined emission locations are concerned, they can advantageously be graphically highlighted on a map, preferably coded by the color or contrasting function as a function of their share of the total immissions at the immission location. In combination with the representation of several immissions on such a map a clear representation for a user can be derived, from which he can recognize, for example, which emission locations are highly relevant for several immission places. Such a map can also be configured interactively via a user interface, for example by a user marking a location on the map with a mouse pointer and automatically receiving information about the corresponding emission locations.

In addition, it may be advantageous within the scope of the method to select a plurality of immission locations and to treat them as a single immission location for the determination of emission locations. The result is then a list of which emission locations of this plurality of immission locations can be assigned, so that a traffic control is not only to mitigate the immission situation at a single selected hotspot. Traffic control with more global and nevertheless targeted measures can result from this.

As far as the traffic control method according to the invention is concerned, it is preferred that the control signals also contain additional information to traffic participants affected by the traffic control, preferably at the emission location, and / or residents, preferably at the immission location, concerning a quantification and / or a propagation representation based on a spatial traceability of emissions. The road users thus receive information that makes the meaning of the traffic control measures plausible, which should lead to an increase in the degree of compliance with traffic regulations. Residents get an idea of which measures are taken specifically for them, for example to quickly eliminate a current pollution situation.

• FIG 1 eine schematische Landkarte einer Siedlung mit zwei sich kreuzenden Straßen mit grauwertkodierter Darstellung von Schadstoffbelastungen,
• FIG 2 eine schematische Landkarte eines Ballungsgebiets mit Darstellung von Emissionsorten und Richtungsanzeigern eines Ausbreitungsmodells,
• FIG 3 eine schematische Blockdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Ermittlungsverfahrens,
• FIG 4 eine schematische Blockdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Verkehrssteuerungsverfahrens,
• FIG 5 eine schematische Blockdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Verkehrssteuerungssystems mitsamt einem Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Ermittlungssystems,
• FIG 6 eine schematische Blockdarstellung von Abläufen innerhalb eines Verkehrsmanagementsystems unter Zuhilfenahme der erfindungsgemäßen Ermittlungs- und Verkehrssteuerungssysteme.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures with reference to embodiments. The same components are provided with identical reference numerals in the various figures. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a schematic map of a settlement with two intersecting streets with gray-value-coded representation of pollutant loads,
• FIG. 2 a schematic map of an agglomeration with representation of emission locations and direction indicators of a propagation model,
• FIG. 3 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a determination method according to the invention,
• FIG. 4 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a traffic control method according to the invention,
• FIG. 5 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a traffic control system according to the invention, together with an exemplary embodiment of a determination system according to the invention,
• FIG. 6 a schematic block diagram of processes within a traffic management system with the aid of the determination and traffic control systems according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a map section in which the daily mean value of a fine dust concentration, measured in μg / m ² , gray value coded (see the schematic gray scale on the side) is shown. The map 13 is shown in north-south orientation. The wind direction is represented by a directional arrow 7. It runs here from west to east. Three roads 5a, 5b, 5c are visible, of which the first road 5a and the third road 5c run approximately in an east-west direction and the second road 5b approximately in a north-south direction, so that two intersections result , one of the first road 5a with the second road 5b and one of the third road 5c with the second road 5b. Above the third street 5c, on both sides of the second street 5b, there is a settlement consisting of several buildings 3.

Pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, fine dust particles, soot, sulfur dioxide, etc., which are caused by the traffic on the two roads 5a, 5b, 5c, are spreading. This is done on the basis of a propagation logic which can be mapped in the form of a number of propagation rules in a propagation model. The pollutants can be determined by means of pollutant sensors 1, 1a, 1b, which are placed along the roads 5a, 5b, 5c. As a rule, only a significantly smaller number of such sensors will be installed in such a small traffic area. A decisive factor for the amount of pollutants measurable at a pollutant sensor 1, 1a, 1b is its installation site. This can be seen from the example of the two pollutant sensors 1a, 1b, which are set up on the second road 5b opposite to the two sides of the road. The pollution sensor 1a positioned further to the west is in the lee of a building 3 and measures only a very small concentration of fine dust in the wind situation present here. On the other hand determined the further east established pollutant sensor 1b only a few meters away from the pollutant sensor 1a a fine dust concentration of at least 50 micrograms / m ² , that is more than ten times as much as on the opposite side of the street.

This instructive example illustrates why determination of pollutant concentrations is no longer performed exclusively by sensor systems today. Often, instead of or in addition, propagation models that, for example, take into account a slipstream caused by a building 3, when assigning virtual pollutant readings, are used.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic map of a traffic area 15 of a conurbation, in which several road sections are highlighted as emission locations 19a, 19b, ..., 19n. In addition, directional arrows 17 are plotted, which represent schematically the logic of a propagation model for emissions. Because of this simulatively determined propagation behavior, a particularly high concentration of pollutants at a hotspot 11 results. This hotspot 11 can be used as a starting point in the determination method according to the invention in order to determine the emission locations, from which with (certain or to be determined) shares as Pollution at the hotspot 11 measurable pollutants come from.

This is done in a variant of the invention by tracing the pollutant streams with the same logic as that of the propagation model used. Figuratively speaking, this logic pursues the illustrated arrows in the reverse direction until it encounters the associated emission location 19a, 19b, ..., 19n. Ultimately, a number of emission locations can be assigned using the propagation model and its application in the reverse direction to each location defined as the location of the immigration on the map. In addition, the proportions, percentages and / or absolute of emissions from a particular emission location may be determined and displayed who are responsible for the total emissions at the place of immission. Another variant of the traceability of pollutants is the above-described marking of emissions according to their origin and the subsequent listing of these emissions in a histogram.

In a visualization example, a user can be presented with an immission map on a graphical user interface. When placing a marking instrument such as a computer mouse pointer anywhere, such as a hotspot, on the user interface, all those road sections, i. H. Emissive emission points that contribute a relevant share of the pollution load at this immission location. Depending on the proportion of the total load, a color or contrast coding of the emission locations can be carried out, for example on a green-yellow-red scale.

• eine Verflüssigung des Verkehrsflusses auf den entsprechenden Strecken durch Minimierung der Fahrzeughalte, etwa durch entsprechende Lichtsignalsteuerung, und/oder
• eine Verschiebung von Verkehrsflüssen von einer Strecke in andere, für die Schadstoffbelastung des Hotspots weniger kritische Bereiche durch Lichtsignalanlagen, variable Beschilderung und Verkehrsinformationsdienste.

Based on the knowledge of which emission locations emissions originate at a certain hotspot, traffic control measures can be derived for the emission locations, such as:

• a liquefaction of the traffic flow on the corresponding routes by minimizing the vehicle stops, such as by appropriate light signal control, and / or
• a shift of traffic flows from one route to another, less critical areas for the hotspot's pollution by means of traffic lights, variable signage and traffic information services.

From the knowledge of the emission sites can thus be very targeted remedial action against exceeding of pollutant concentrations at certain immission sites cause. If a fine dispersion model is already used to determine the immission sites, it can also be ensured that the investigation actually determines the correct hotspots and not those that actually exist do not reflect the full extent of an immission situation in a traffic area.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of the sequence of an embodiment of a method F according to the invention for determining emission locations 19a, 19b, ... 19n. In a step A, input values are introduced into the method, for example in the form of traffic data. Optionally, in a step B, a selection can additionally be made as to which emission substances should be taken into account in the method. Step C includes the input or definition of an immission location 11, for example a hotspot, to which emission locations 19a, 19b,... 19n are to be determined in the following. This definition can be automated or by user input. In step D, the emission locations 19a, 19b,... 19n are determined on the basis of the rules of a suitable emission propagation model by traceability, from which the immissions originate at the immission location 11. These are output to a user in a step E.

FIG. 4 schematically shows the sequence of an embodiment of a traffic control method according to the invention. Initially, in a step F emission locations 19a, 19b,... 19n are determined, which are to be assigned to a selected immission location. For these emission locations 19a, 19b,... 19n, but at least for one of the emission locations 19a, 19b,... 19n, control signals are generated and output in step G, by means of which control is intervened in the traffic.

FIG. 5 1 shows a schematic block diagram of exemplary embodiments of a traffic control system 21 according to the invention and of a determination system 23 according to the invention. The determination system 23, together with a control unit 25, forms the traffic control system 21 realized in the form of software modules on a processor.

The determination system 23 has an input interface 27 for the input of input values EW and an input interface 29 for feeding pollutant data SD. The pollutant data SD contain information about which types of pollutants should be considered in a study. A third input interface 31 is used to feed selection data IO to immissions sites to be examined. In a determination unit 35 emission location data EO are generated on the basis of these inputs EW, SD, IO and using rules of an emission propagation model held in a storage medium 39. This information includes information about which emission locations can be assigned to the selected immission location and with which distribution values. Via an output interface 37, the emission location information EO is forwarded to the control unit 25, which derives control signals SB based thereon for one or more of the determined emission locations, which serve the targeted traffic control in this area.

FIG. 6 shows a flow logic within a traffic management system with the aid of the method according to the invention. Traffic detectors generate traffic detector measurements DW, from which traffic data VD are derived via a traffic assignment model or a traffic condition estimator VZ. The traffic data VD represent a traffic condition in a traffic area, e.g. B. on a street section. On the basis of the traffic data VD pollutant concentrations SK at certain immission locations, eg. As the hotspots, in the end so immission data generated. These flow into the determination of emission locations, from which emission location data EO results, which contain information on how many percentages of the contaminant concentrations SK originate at an immission location from a specific emission location. These are used in the development of a superordinate traffic management strategy VStrat. This creates an interaction, since the traffic management strategy VStrat has an impact on the emission sites. The implementation of the strategies is carried out by control signals SB.

It is finally pointed out once again that the methods described above in detail as well as in the illustrated systems are merely exemplary embodiments which can be modified in many different ways by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the use of the indefinite article "on" or "one" does not exclude that the characteristics in question may also be present multiple times. In addition, "units" can consist of one or more, even spatially distributed, components.

Claims (15)

Method (F) for automatically determining emission locations (19a, 19b, ..., 19n) of selected emission substances from a selected immission location (11), based on input values (EW) which relate directly or indirectly to the emission substances, by applying defined rules (R) of a propagation model suitable for determining the dispersion of the emission materials, a spatial tracing of the emission materials is carried out, stating distribution values. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the immission location (11) is selected from a list of a plurality of specific immission locations whose associated immission values were determined on the basis of an application of the same propagation model. Method according to claim 2,
characterized in that in the application of the propagation model as input values (EW) based on measured data determined and / or simulated locally assigned emission values are used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the input values (EW) comprise traffic data based on measured data of a traffic situation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the selection of an immission location (11) based on local and regional load values of a number of the emission substances present and / or calculated at this immission location (11). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when applying the propagation model emissions are provided according to their origin with markings. Method according to claim 6,
characterized by the marking of individual particles with origin markers depending on their emission location (19a, 19b, ..., 19n). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in addition to the emission locations (19a, 19b, ..., 19n), classes of emitters of the selected emission substances are determined. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in addition to the emission sites (19a, 19b, ..., 19n), emission times of the selected emission substances are determined. Method for immission-dependent traffic control in a traffic area (15), in which control signals (SB) for controlling traffic at an emission location (19a, 19b, ..., 19n) are generated, which are determined automatically from an immission location (11), on which emission substances of this emission location (19a, 19b, ..., 19n) can be determined as immissions. Traffic control method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the emission location (19a, 19b, ..., 19n) is determined by applying a determination method (F) according to one of Claims 1 to 10. Traffic control method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the control signals (SB) information to traffic participants affected by the traffic control and / or residents concerning a quantification and / or a propagation representation based on spatial traceability of the emission materials. Determination system (23) for automatically determining emission locations (19a, 19b, ..., 19n) of selected emission substances starting from a selected immission location (11) at least an input interface (27) for input values (EW) relating directly or indirectly to the emissions, and - a determination unit (35), which uses in operation rules (R) of a propagation determination of the emission substances suitable propagation model to perform on the basis of the input values, a spatial traceability of the emission materials, stating distribution values. Traffic control system (21) for immission-dependent traffic control in a traffic area (15) comprising a control unit (25) which in operation generates control signals (SB) for controlling traffic at an emission location (19a, 19b, ..., 19n) and a detection system (23), which is designed such that, during operation, it automatically determines the emission location (19a, 19b,..., 19n) starting from an immission location (11) at which emission substances from the emission location can be measured as immissions. Traffic control system according to claim 14,
characterized in that the traffic control system comprises a detection system (23) according to claim 13.

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