EP2380146A1 - Procédé et dispositif de vérification de documents de valeur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de vérification de documents de valeur

Info

Publication number
EP2380146A1
EP2380146A1 EP09799629A EP09799629A EP2380146A1 EP 2380146 A1 EP2380146 A1 EP 2380146A1 EP 09799629 A EP09799629 A EP 09799629A EP 09799629 A EP09799629 A EP 09799629A EP 2380146 A1 EP2380146 A1 EP 2380146A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value document
light
opaque
image
creases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09799629A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2380146B1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Wunderer
Shanchuan Su
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP2380146A1 publication Critical patent/EP2380146A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2380146B1 publication Critical patent/EP2380146B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/182—Testing stiffness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/183—Detecting folds or doubles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for checking value documents, in particular for checking the state of use of value documents.
  • value documents such as Banknotes in circulation or in use deteriorate their state of use.
  • the state of use can decrease until the value documents are unusable.
  • value documents are therefore checked regularly by machine for their state of use and, if their state of use is judged to be too bad, automatically sorted out.
  • the check of the state of use is usually made e.g. carried out in deposit and / or Ausiereautomaten for banknotes or in banknote sorting machines, which usually also the authenticity and the denomination of banknotes are checked.
  • the value document In order to check the state of use of a value document, in particular the fitness of the value document, the value document is usually examined for the presence of tears or dog-eared ears. In addition, the contamination of the value document can also be checked, e.g. certain value document areas are checked for the presence of spots. In certain value document areas, the check for stains is difficult, e.g. when the patches are superimposed on a dark or patterned, colorful background of the value document. Moreover, it is known to check value documents for their limpness, e.g. with the help of ultrasound measurements.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a further method that can be used to check the state of use of value documents.
  • the solution to this problem arises from the features of the independent claims. Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the value document is illuminated with illumination light and the light intensity of the light reflected from the value document is detected in order to record an image of the illuminated value document.
  • the image is taken with the aid of an image sensor which stores the document of value e.g. scanned line by line.
  • an image sensor which stores the document of value e.g. scanned line by line.
  • the image sensor can be designed to detect the light reflected from the value document in a plurality of wavelength ranges and to record an image of the value document for each of the detected wavelength ranges.
  • an image detail is selected in which an opaque, reflective portion of the value document is displayed.
  • the opaque reflective portion it is preferred to select a portion of the value document that has relatively homogeneous optical properties, eg, a portion of uniform color, and that is at least partially reflective.
  • an opaque, reflective security element of the value document can be displayed, which is applied to the value document or integrated into the value document. At least a portion of the opaque, reflective security element is imaged in the selected image detail.
  • the image detail is selected such that edge regions of the opaque, reflective security element are excluded.
  • the opaque, reflective section a portion of an opaque, reflective film element, such as a metallized film element.
  • the opaque, reflective portion need not be one hundred percent opaque, but may be partially transparent to the illumination light.
  • reflected light is used in the present application as a generic term for the light coming from the illuminated value document, which is observable on the side of the value document from which the illumination of the value document also takes place and specularly reflected light, as well as diffraction light and scattered light, insofar as they are observable on the illumination side.
  • the selected image detail is examined for the presence of and / or signs of creases that may be present in the opaque, reflective portion of the value document.
  • the light intensities of the reflected light are evaluated, which are detected in the selected image section of the value document.
  • the light intensities of all pixels of the selected image section can be evaluated in order to examine the selected image section for signs of creases.
  • the result (s) that provides for crosstalk testing the selected frame is then used to assess the state of use of the value document.
  • Examining the selected image section determines an amount of creases present in the opaque, reflective portion of the value document.
  • the extent of creases may be, for example, an indication of the area or area fraction, the take the creases in the opaque, reflective portion of the value document.
  • the amount of creases in the opaque, reflective portion can be determined from the light intensities detected in the selected frame. For example, the extent of creases is determined based on the light intensities of all pixels of the selected image detail.
  • a number of pixels of the selected image detail whose light intensity exceeds a threshold are determined upon examining the selected image section for signs of wrinkles or determining the extent of wrinkles.
  • a number of pixels of the selected image section whose light intensity falls below a threshold are determined upon examining the selected image section for signs of wrinkles or determining the extent of creases.
  • the value document can be illuminated with illumination light of several wavelength ranges, for example with light of several colors or with white light.
  • the value document for capturing the image can be illuminated with monochrome or infrared light.
  • the reflected light of several wavelength ranges can be detected at the same time, for example by means of a broadband sensitive sensor array, or alternatively by means of a plurality of sensor arrays or sensor lines which are each designed to detect a certain wavelength range of the reflected light, for example the only one light detect certain color or only infrared light.
  • Examining the selected image section for signs of creases for example, only evaluates those light intensities that are present in a part of the plurality of wavelength regions of the illumination light are detected, ie at least one of the wavelength ranges of the illumination light is not used for evaluation on creases. For example, in examining for signs of wrinkles, only the light intensities detected in exactly one of the plurality of wavelength regions of the illumination light are evaluated, for example only the light intensities detected in the infrared or only the light intensities detected at a certain color.
  • the image detail to be selected from the captured image may be different for different value documents.
  • the type of the value document is first determined, for example, and then the information about the type of value document is subsequently used to select the image section intended for the respective value document.
  • the type of the value document is determined and the image section is selected as a function of the previously determined type of the value document.
  • the preceding determination of the type of value document may be automatic, e.g. with the help of another sensor with which the value document is previously checked.
  • the type of value document can also be determined automatically using the information from the image taken by the image sensor.
  • the type of value document may also be specified externally, e.g. from an operator of the device used to test the value document.
  • the opaque, reflective portion comprises holographic structures which form, for example, a visually perceptible security feature of the value document.
  • the holographic structures can be formed by recesses in an opaque, reflective layer of the security element, eg in a metallization layer of the security element. elements, be realized. If the opaque reflective portion imaged in the selected image section has holographic structures, the light reflected from the value document is detected at a detection angle with respect to the illumination light different from the diffraction angles of the holographic structures. In this case, the angles at which the diffraction orders of the holographic structures are reflected at the wavelengths of the illumination light are referred to as diffraction angles.
  • the detected light intensities of a selected wavelength range are used to examine for signs of creases.
  • the wavelength range whose detected light intensities are evaluated is selected as a function of the diffraction angles of the holographic structures.
  • the type of the value document may first be determined and the information about the type of value document subsequently used to select the wavelength range whose light intensities are evaluated to inspect wrinkles.
  • the wavelength range suitable for the type of value document is selected from a plurality of detected wavelength ranges. The type of value document is determined prior to checking the state of use of the value document, in particular the ways previously described in connection with the selection of the image section.
  • the image of the value document is captured by detecting light that is diffusely reflected from the illuminated value document.
  • the number of pixels of the selected image is determined. section whose light intensity exceeds a threshold.
  • the image of the value document is captured by detecting light that is reflected specularly from the illuminated value document.
  • a number of pixels of the selected image section whose light intensity falls below a threshold value are determined.
  • the threshold values can be predetermined externally or determined by means of measurements in advance of the examination of the value document. Different thresholds may be provided for the different types of value documents.
  • the threshold value provided for each type of value document can also be selected.
  • the type of the value document is determined before the examination of the state of use of the value document, in particular the ways previously described in connection with the selection of the image section.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method described.
  • the apparatus comprises an image sensor adapted to receive the image of the document of value and an evaluator adapted to inspect the selected image for creases that may be present in the opaque reflective portion of the document of value.
  • the evaluation device is designed to determine the extent of wrinkles in the opaque, reflective section.
  • the evaluation device can be arranged outside the image sensor or be part of the image sensor.
  • the light reflected by the value document is preferably used. ter detected at a detection angle of 10 ° to 60 ° with respect to the illumination light, for example, at a detection angle of 10 ° to 40 °.
  • the wrinkle-based examination in the opaque, reflective portion of a value document according to the invention is preferably combined with other test methods for assessing the state of use of the value document, e.g. with an examination for the presence of adhesive tape on the document of value and / or with a limpness test, e.g. by means of ultrasound, and / or with an optical test of the value document for contamination such as e.g. Stains and / or with a visual check for cracks, missing valuable documents or dog-ears.
  • the usage state of the value document is judged to be poor only if two or more of the used test methods indicate a bad state of use.
  • the combination with the results of other test procedures results in a more reliable check of the state of use of the value document.
  • FIG. 1a a device for carrying out the vertical detection of the diffusely reflected light
  • FIG. 1 b shows a section of an image sensor for the oblique detection of the diffusely reflected light
  • FIG. 2 a shows an image of a value document without creases, taken under diffuse reflection
  • FIG. 2b shows an image of a value document with wrinkles, recorded under diffuse reflection
  • FIG. 2c shows a side view for detecting the light reflected from a curved region of the document of value
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram for evaluating the detected light intensities
  • FIG. 4 shows a detail of an image sensor for detecting the specularly reflected light
  • FIG. 5 shows an image taken under specular reflection
  • FIG. 1 a an image sensor 4 is shown, which takes a picture of a value document 1, which is transported past the image sensor 4.
  • the arrow drawn in FIG. 1 a indicates the transport direction of the value document 1.
  • the image sensor 4 contains four sensor rows 3a-d, which receive a respective image line of the value document 1 at each measurement time. From the image lines of one or more of the sensor lines 3a-d, the male image of the value document 1 is assembled.
  • Each of the sensor lines 3a-d detects light of a specific spectral range. For example, one of the sensor rows 3a-d is provided for each of the red, green, blue and infrared spectral ranges.
  • the value document 1 is illuminated with illumination light B, which is directed at the angle S to the vertical S on the document of value 1 and is focused on the document of value 1.
  • the spectrum of the illumination light B extends, for example, over the entire visible spectral range into the near infrared range.
  • a light source serves as a white light source.
  • To capture the image that portion of the illumination light is detected which is diffusely reflected by the value document 1 in the vertical direction and imaged onto the sensor rows 3a-d.
  • the image of the diffusely reflected light takes place, for example, by means of a selfoc lens 2.
  • the image sensor 4 is connected to an evaluation device 8, to which the image sensor 4 image information the captured image, in particular image information of all four detected spectral regions.
  • the transmitted image information may be unprocessed or already preprocessed by the image sensor 4.
  • the evaluation device 8 processes the recorded image of the value document 1 in order to check the authenticity of the value document 1 and / or to determine the type of the value document 1 (eg denomination, currency) and to obtain information about the state of use of the value document 1.
  • FIG. 1 b shows an alternative observation geometry of the image sensor 4, light likewise being detected, which is diffusely reflected by the value document 1.
  • both the illumination and the detection take place obliquely to the vertical S, wherein the illumination light, however, is irradiated at a different angle to the perpendicular S than the detection light D is detected.
  • the illumination light B spectral narrow-band light can be used, e.g. Infrared light or light of a particular color.
  • an opaque, reflective section of the value document 1 is examined, for example a section of an opaque, reflective security element 5.
  • the opaque, reflective security element 5 is a film strip applied to the document of value 1 has a reflective metallization layer.
  • FIG. 2 a the image of the value document 1 recorded by the image sensor 4 is shown schematically, which it has acquired by detecting the light diffusely reflected by the value document.
  • the image shown in FIG. 2a can be the image of a narrow spectral range taken by a specific sensor line 3a-d or else the image of a broad spectral range. For example, the overall image formed from the detection signal of a plurality of sensor rows 3a-d.
  • the value document 1 from FIG. 2 a has a good state of use (fit-value document), which is shown inter alia by the fact that the opaque, reflective security element 5 of the value document 1 has a smooth surface. Due to the smooth surface, the illumination light B is reflected, ie in accordance with the law of reflection, on the opaque, reflective security element 5. However, the image from FIG. 2 a was recorded at a detection angle ⁇ outside the specular reflection, wherein only slightly reflected light was detected by the value document 1. Since in this case only the light diffusely reflected by the value document 1 was detected, the security element 5 appears dark in the image from FIG. 2a. On the other hand, the remaining areas of the value document 1 appear relatively bright when the diffuse reflection is observed.
  • FIG. 2b there is shown the image of a value document 1 having many creases indicative of a bad state of use of the value document 1 (unfit value document).
  • the image from FIG. 2 b was likewise recorded by detecting the light diffused by the value document 1.
  • holographic structures are introduced into the opaque, reflective security element 5 of the value document 1. Due to the diffraction of light, the incident illumination light B is reflected at the holographic structures at certain diffraction angles, which vary according to the size of the holographic structures and the wavelength of the illumination light B. If the detection If ⁇ was chosen to fall within one of the diffraction orders of the holographic structures, then the holographic structures would appear as bright regions in the image taken (under observation of the diffuse reflection). Therefore, in order to judge the state of use of the value document 1, the detection angle ⁇ is preferably selected to be outside the diffraction angle of the holographic structures.
  • the holographic structures can also appear as dark regions in the image recorded under diffuse reflection.
  • the image recorded in a specific spectral range for example that recorded by one or more selected sensor rows, is preferably used to assess the state of use.
  • the spectral range is selected so that the diffraction orders, which are reflected by the holographic structures in this spectral range, are outside the detection angle ⁇ .
  • the opaque, reflective security element 5, even in good state of use of the value document 1, has no flat surface.
  • a film security element 5, which is mechanically relatively stiff and is applied to a flexible value document substrate such as paper, can lead to a curvature of the value document 1 in the area of the applied film element 5, cf. Figure 2c. Because of this curvature, the value document 1 then has a tilted surface in the area of the security element 5, which is tilted, for example, by a few degrees with respect to the plane of the value document 1.
  • the curvature of the document of value 1 is such that the tilt angle in the middle of the security element 5 is low, while it increases towards the edge of the security element 5.
  • the relatively large tilt angle can lead to that illuminating light B specularly reflected from this edge portion is detected by the image sensor 4, although the sensor rows 3a-d of the image sensor 4 are arranged to detect only diffusely reflected light with respect to the value document plane.
  • the solid lines indicate the beam path of the illumination light B in the case of specular reflection on the tilted edge of the security element 5, while the dashed lines indicate the beam path of the illumination light B in the middle of the security element 5 in the case of specular reflection. From the central area of the security element 5, the image sensor 4 therefore detects diffusely reflected light, while it detects specularly reflected light from the edge area.
  • the tilted edge region can therefore lead to specular reflections that are to be mirrored, even if the value document 1 is in a good state of use, which are detected by the image sensor 4, despite its arrangement for detecting the diffuse reflection.
  • a specific image section 6 is selected to evaluate the state of use of the value document 1.
  • the selected image section 6 comprises only a central region of the security element 5, while the edge region of the security element 5 is excluded.
  • FIG. 3 shows the detected light intensities of all the pixels of the selected image section 6 in the form of a histogram, firstly for a value document with a good state of use (fit value document, histogram data F) and secondly for a value document having a bad state of use (unfounded).
  • Value document, histogram data U Compared to the histogram data F (fit value document), the histogram data U (unfit value document) has shifted the frequency distribution to larger light intensities.
  • Light intensities above about 200 on the selected scale are not detected at all in the fit value document, but only in the unfit value document.
  • the number of pixels with light intensity above the threshold value T 1 is a measure of the size of the area area occupied by the wrinkles 7 in the selected image detail 6. In this way, therefore, the extent of creases 7 in the image section 6 can be determined.
  • the threshold value T 1 can be predetermined individually for the respective value document type and determined, for example, by corresponding measurements on a multiplicity of value documents in advance of the examination of the value document 1.
  • the extent of wrinkles 7 in the image section 6 can also be determined from the light intensity integrated over several pixels of the image section 6 or from an average of the light intensities of a plurality of pixels in the image section 6.
  • the examination for creases 7 can of course also be made using other methods which are known in the field of image processing.
  • image processing techniques developed specifically for finding line or strip areas in an image can also be used.
  • direction-independent line filtering of the image information or also Hough transformations of the image information can be carried out for this purpose.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • an image of the value document 1 is recorded by detecting the specularly reflected light.
  • the angle of incidence ⁇ of the illumination light B is in this case equal to the angle of incidence ⁇ of the detection light D, cf. FIG. 4.
  • the image of the value document 1 recorded in this way is shown in FIG.
  • the opaque, reflective security element 5 appears as a bright area while observing the specular reflection, whereas the wrinkles 7 appear as dark lines or stripes in this bright area.
  • a picture detail 6 is again selected, for example a narrow strip in the center of the security element 5, so that the edge area of the security element 5 is excluded.
  • the examination of the selected image section 6 on wrinkles 7 can be done in analogy to the preceding embodiments.
  • the number of pixels of the image section 6 whose detected light intensity is below a predetermined threshold value T2 could be used as the extent of wrinkles 7. 3, at the lower end of a frequency distribution obtained under specular reflection, so that only the light intensities of the pixels in the region of the wrinkles 7 are below the threshold value T2.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de vérification de l'état d'utilisation d'un document de valeur. Le document de valeur est éclairé par une lumière d'éclairage et l'intensité de la lumière réfléchie par le document de valeur est détectée à l'aide d'un capteur d'image, afin d'enregistrer une image du document de valeur. Un segment d'image représentant une section opaque, réfléchissante, du document de valeur, est sélectionné à partir de l'image enregistrée. Le segment d'image sélectionné est inspecté pour vérifier l'existence de faux-plis, éventuellement présents dans la section opaque, réfléchissante, du document de valeur. Les résultats de l'inspection des faux-plis sont utilisés pour évaluer l'état d'utilisation du document de valeur.
EP09799629.2A 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 Procédé et dispositif de vérification de documents de valeur Active EP2380146B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008064388A DE102008064388A1 (de) 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Wertdokumenten
PCT/EP2009/067677 WO2010072732A1 (fr) 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 Procédé et dispositif de vérification de documents de valeur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2380146A1 true EP2380146A1 (fr) 2011-10-26
EP2380146B1 EP2380146B1 (fr) 2016-08-03

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09799629.2A Active EP2380146B1 (fr) 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 Procédé et dispositif de vérification de documents de valeur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8766222B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2380146B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102265312B (fr)
DE (1) DE102008064388A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2537805C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010072732A1 (fr)

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CN102098379A (zh) * 2010-12-17 2011-06-15 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 一种终端及其实时视频图像获取方法和装置
DE102013015224A1 (de) 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Wertdokumenten auf Irregularitäten
IL240872A (en) * 2015-08-27 2016-11-30 Elbit Systems Land & C4I Ltd A method and system for discovering object authenticity
US9626819B1 (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-04-18 Piotr Nawrocki Tester for detecting graphene security element in a security document, and the element detection method
US10810589B2 (en) * 2017-02-27 2020-10-20 Ncr Corporation Validation of damaged banknotes

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DE19511534C2 (de) * 1995-03-29 1998-01-22 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung von 3D-Fehlstellen bei der automatischen Inspektion von Oberflächen mit Hilfe farbtüchtiger Bildauswertungssysteme
US5922959A (en) 1996-10-15 1999-07-13 Currency Systems International Methods of measuring currency limpness
CH693693A5 (de) * 1997-06-06 2003-12-15 Ovd Kinegram Ag Vorrichtung zum Erkennen beugungsoptischer Markierungen.
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JP4180715B2 (ja) * 1998-12-14 2008-11-12 株式会社東芝 印刷物の汚損度判別装置
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DE10139717A1 (de) * 2001-08-13 2003-02-27 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von Defekten in oder auf Blattgut
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110255750A1 (en) 2011-10-20
CN102265312B (zh) 2014-08-20
WO2010072732A1 (fr) 2010-07-01
RU2537805C2 (ru) 2015-01-10
DE102008064388A1 (de) 2010-06-24
EP2380146B1 (fr) 2016-08-03
RU2011129858A (ru) 2013-04-27
CN102265312A (zh) 2011-11-30
US8766222B2 (en) 2014-07-01

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