EP2373946A1 - Apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly made of ceramic material - Google Patents

Apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly made of ceramic material

Info

Publication number
EP2373946A1
EP2373946A1 EP09760821A EP09760821A EP2373946A1 EP 2373946 A1 EP2373946 A1 EP 2373946A1 EP 09760821 A EP09760821 A EP 09760821A EP 09760821 A EP09760821 A EP 09760821A EP 2373946 A1 EP2373946 A1 EP 2373946A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiant
jacket
burner
radiant tube
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09760821A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2373946B1 (en
Inventor
Alberto Benfenati
Fabio Corradini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ancora SpA
Original Assignee
Ancora SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ITMO2008A000324A external-priority patent/IT1392209B1/en
Priority claimed from ITMO2009A000040A external-priority patent/IT1393144B1/en
Application filed by Ancora SpA filed Critical Ancora SpA
Publication of EP2373946A1 publication Critical patent/EP2373946A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2373946B1 publication Critical patent/EP2373946B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
    • F26B3/305—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements the infrared radiation being generated by combustion or combustion gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber having an elongated tubular form, e.g. for a radiant tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
    • F27B17/0041—Chamber type furnaces specially adapted for burning bricks or pottery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly made of ceramic material.
  • the processing of manufactured articles such as tiles, sanitary fixtures and bricks provides for the execution of various steps in a heated and controlled environment, such as in particular drying and firing.
  • the drying step consists in keeping the ceramic articles that have already been shaped in a heated environment for the time needed to achieve the at least partial evaporation of the water fraction contained in them.
  • Known drying kilns generally consist of a controlled-temperature chamber into which a stream of hot and dry air is introduced which strikes the articles to be dried, transferring heat to them, substantially by convection, and cold and moist air is extracted from such drying kilns. These drying kilns can operate continuously or discontinuously.
  • the heated chamber is shaped like a tunnel and is crossed by the articles, which are loaded onto suitable conveyors from the inlet toward the outlet; in the second case, the heated chamber is instead provided with a single opening for introducing and removing the articles, which are kept stationary during the treatment.
  • the firing step consists in a further heating of the articles that have already been dried, so as to achieve complete evaporation of the water contained therein and the necessary physical transformations, which make the mix and any coating acquire the properties that are required of the finished ceramic product.
  • Kilns used for firing substantially consist of a heated chamber, which can have a single opening (discontinuous kilns) or can be tunnel-shaped (continuous kilns).
  • these apparatuses use burners which substantially consist of a manifold body which is connected to a unit for feeding in a gaseous fuel, which exits from a combustion head at which there are one or more electrodes for generating and controlling the flame, and to a unit for feeding in a gaseous oxidizer (air), which strikes the head.
  • the flame can be kept exposed or it can be confined within open tubular ducts, which have a proximal end that is associated with the manifold body and a distal end that is open for the outflow of the combustion gases. The heat generated by these burners is therefore transmitted to the articles being processed substantially by convection.
  • the aim of the present, invention is to eliminate the drawbacks noted above of the background art, by providing an apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly articles made of ceramic material, which allows optimization of the efficiency of heat exchange with the articles being processed, making it possible to minimize process times, costs linked to fuel consumption, and the space occupation of the apparatus itself, particularly in case of operation in a continuous cycle.
  • an object of the present invention is to obtain a uniform distribution of the temperature and of the flow of combustion gases that strike the articles being processed.
  • the present apparatus for thermal treatment of articles comprising at least one heated chamber provided with at least one opening for introducing at least one ceramic article to be treated and with at least one opening for extracting said at least one treated article and means for transmitting heat to said at least one article, characterized in that said transmission means comprise at least one radiant tube burner provided with at least one port for the evacuation of the combustion gases which is connected to the inside of said chamber so as to achieve heat propagation by radiation and convection.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic transverse sectional view of an apparatus according to the invention, which uses a first type of radiant tube burner;
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged-scale schematic view of a detail of Figure 1 relating to the burner;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic exploded perspective view of the means for adjusting the placement of the port for evacuating the combustion gases of the burner shown in the preceding figures;
  • Figure 4 is a partially sectional schematic plan view of a first embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, provided with the first type of burner;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic and partially sectional plan view of a second embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, provided with the first type of burner;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic transverse sectional view of a further apparatus according to the invention, which uses a second type of radiant tube burner;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of the radiant tube of the burner of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view, taken from below, of the radiating tube of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a partially sectional schematic plan view of a third embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention provided with the second type of burner;
  • Figure 10 is a partially sectional schematic plan view of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention provided with the second type of burner;
  • Figure 1 1 is a schematic and partial transverse sectional view of a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, which uses a third type of radiant tube burner;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic partial side elevation view of the burner used in the apparatus of Figure 1 1 ;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic partial plan view of the burner of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic partial sectional view, taken along the line XIV-XIV of Figure 13;
  • Figures 15 is a schematic perspective view of the burner, taken in cross-section as in Figure 14, viewed from below;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic side elevation view of the shielding means of the burner of Figures 1 1-15;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic front elevation view of the shielding means of Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic sectional view, taken along the line XVIII- XVIII of Figure 16;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic and partially sectional plan view of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, provided with the third type of burner;
  • Figure 20 is a schematic partially sectional plan view of a sixth embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention provided with the third type of burner. Ways of carrying out the Invention
  • the reference numeral 1 generally designates an apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles M, particularly made of ceramic material, such as tiles, sanitary fixtures, bricks and the like.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises at least one heated chamber 2 which has at least one opening 3 for introducing at least, one article M to be treated and at least one opening 4 for extracting the treated article M.
  • the apparatus 1 further has means for transmitting heat to the article
  • M which consist of at least one burner 5 provided with a radiant tube 6 which is inserted in the chamber 2 and is provided with at least one port 7 for evacuating the combustion gases which is connected to the inside of the chamber so as to achieve a mixed heat propagation both by radiation and by convection.
  • the evacuation port 7 is arranged directly inside the chamber 2, but it might also be arranged outside the chamber and be connected to it by means of suitable ducts for the passage of the combustion gases.
  • the burner 5 comprises a manifold body 8, which is provided with a port 8a for introducing at least one gaseous fuel, such as methane gas, and a port 8b for introducing at least one gaseous oxidizer, such as air, such ports being associated with respective supply units, which are not shown because they are of a known type.
  • a port 8a for introducing at least one gaseous fuel, such as methane gas
  • a port 8b for introducing at least one gaseous oxidizer, such as air, such ports being associated with respective supply units, which are not shown because they are of a known type.
  • the burner 5 further has a combustion head 9, which is associated with the manifold body 8 so as communicate with it by means of a fuel supply duct 10 and is provided with an ignition electrode 1 1 and with a flame control device 12, of the type of a second electrode.
  • the radiant tube 6 comprises a radiant jacket 13, which has a proximal end 13a associated with the manifold body 8 and a distal end 13b, to the lateral wall of which the evacuation port 7 is associated.
  • the combustion head 9 is accommodated within the radiant jacket 13.
  • the evacuation port 7 consists of a hole that is formed directly in the side wall of the radiant jacket 13.
  • the burner 5 can be of the self-recuperative type; the combustion head 9 is in fact arranged along the radiant jacket 13 so as to be spaced from the corresponding proximal end 13a for achieving heat exchange in countercurrent from the combustion gases to the oxidizer that is fed toward said head.
  • the burner 5 is provided with means 14 for adjusting the position of the evacuation port 7 in order to direct the flow of combustion gases with respect to the article M ( Figure 3).
  • these adjustment means 14 comprise an annular flange 15, which is associated with the proximal end 13a and is provided with a pin 16 which protrudes from the face of the flange that is directed toward the radiant jacket 13 in a position which coincides diametrically with respect to the evacuation port 7.
  • the adjustment means 14 further comprise a plate 17 for fixing the radiant jacket 13 to the manifold body 8, provided with a central hole 18 in which said radiant jacket is inserted so as to pass through it and on the peripheral region of which there are a plurality of seats 19 in which the pin 16 can be inserted alternatively.
  • the plate 17 is further provided with a plurality of through holes 20 for the insertion of screw means, not shown, for connection to the manifold body 8.
  • the plate 17 has nine seats 19, which are distributed on a half-circle at the lower perimeter of the central hole 18 and are arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane that passes through the longitudinal axis of the radiant jacket 13, and each one corresponds to a different angular arrangement of the evacuation port 7 with respect to the longitudinal axis of said radiant jacket, and therefore a different orientation of the outflow direction of the combustion gases from the evacuation port 7 with respect to the article M.
  • the outflow direction of the exhaust gases is preferably horizontal or directed downward, the burner 5 being arranged above the article M.
  • the burner 5 is arranged so that the manifold body 8 protrudes outside the chamber 2 and so that the radiant tube 6 is supported inside it by at least one first wall 2a that delimits said chamber.
  • the apparatus 1 can provide means 21 for supporting the radiant tube 6 which cooperate with the distal end 13b and are associated with a second wall 2b that delimits the chamber 2 and lies opposite the first wall 2a.
  • the radiant jacket 13 therefore comprises a shank 22 which protrudes from the distal end 13b and the supporting means 21 have a corresponding seat in which said shank is inserted.
  • the radiant jacket 13 has an extension that is substantially of the same order of magnitude as the size of the chamber 2.
  • the transmission means preferably comprise a plurality of burners 5 which are arranged with their corresponding radiant tubes 6 in mutually opposite pairs so as to balance the temperature inside the chamber 2.
  • the apparatus 1 can operate intermittently ( Figures 4, 9 and 19), with the openings 3 and 4 mutually coinciding, or continuously ( Figures 5, 10 and 20), with the chamber 2 tunnel-shaped, with horizontal or vertical extension, and means 23, of the type of a roller bed or other continuous conveyor of a known type, for transferring a plurality of articles M from the inlet opening 3 to the outlet opening 4.
  • the burners 5 are arranged transversely to the direction in which the chamber 2 is crossed.
  • the apparatus 1 can provide, for example, a firing or drying treatment of the articles M, both in the unfired state and in the fired state.
  • the apparatus 1 uses a first type of burner 5, whose radiant tube 6 comprises an internal jacket 24, which is arranged inside the radiant jacket 13 and is jointly connected thereto so as to form an interspace 25 for the passage of the combustion gases between said jackets, which has a proximal end 24a associated with the manifold body 8 to supply the oxidizer and is provided with at least one opening 26 for the passage of the combustion gases in the interspace 25 proximate to the distal end 24b.
  • the combustion head 9 is accommodated inside the internal jacket 24 and is spaced from the corresponding proximal end 24a.
  • the evacuation port 7 is associated with the side wall of the radiant jacket 13 at the corresponding proximal end 13a.
  • the burner 5 can further have baffle elements 27, which are arranged between the duct 10 and the internal jacket 24 so as to impart a helical motion to the flow of the oxidizer.
  • a helical profile 28 is formed on the outer wall of the internal jacket 24 so as to impart a helical motion to the flow of combustion gases along the interspace 25.
  • the radiant jacket 13 and the internal jacket 24 have a linear extension, but they might also be shaped differently.
  • the internal jacket 24 is arranged concentrically with respect to the radiant jacket 13 and the duct 10 lies along the longitudinal axis of the internal jacket 24.
  • each burner 5 can have a plurality of evacuation ports 7 which are distributed on the side wall of the radiant jacket 13 at least at the corresponding proximal end 13a.
  • the apparatus 1 uses a second type of burner 5 which has a plurality of evacuation ports 7, which are distributed in a region of the side wall of the radiant jacket 13 that is comprised between the combustion head 9 and the corresponding distal end 13a and is preferably spaced from said combustion head to avoid the escape of tongues of fire through the evacuation ports 7 proximate to the combustion triggering region.
  • the evacuation ports 7 have a breadth that increases toward the distal end 13a, so as to avoid the exit of tongues of fire through them, in particular proximately to the combustion head 9. Moreover, the region over which the evacuation ports 7 are distributed has a transverse extension, with respect to the longitudinal extension of the radiant jacket 13, that increases toward the distal end 13a so as to balance the flow-rate of the combustion gases in output from them, taking into account the load losses that occur by moving away from the combustion triggering region. This region therefore has an extension in plan view that is substantially trapezoid or, as an alternative, triangular which diverges toward the distal end 13b.
  • such region has a longitudinal extension that is at least equal to half the length of the radiant jacket 13, so as to move beyond the centerline (designated by the reference letter L in the figures) of the chamber 2.
  • each pair of consecutive burners 5 provides a distribution of evacuation ports 7 over the entire width of the chamber 2.
  • the radiant jacket in an alternative embodiment, which is not shown, the radiant jacket
  • the apparatus 1 uses a third type of burner 5, which has a plurality of evacuation ports 7 as described above and is provided with shielding means 30, which cover at least part of the radiant tube 6 externally so as to protect it against any air currents that are present in the space in which said burner is installed and which might cool the radiant tube 6, reducing the effectiveness of the diffusion of heat by radiation.
  • the shielding means 30 provide at least one portion
  • the substantially reflective portion 31 that substantially reflects the thermal radiation emitted by the radiant tube 6 and at least one portion 32 that is substantially transparent to said radiation.
  • the term "transparent” is understood to mean that it can be crossed by thermal radiation.
  • the substantially reflective portion 31 is contoured so as to concentrate the thermal radiation at the substantially transparent portion 32. In this manner, it is possible to direct the thermal radiation for installations that require a localized radiation flow rather than a diffuse one.
  • the substantially reflective portion 31 comprises a wall made of metal plate, which is contoured so as to form a sort of flared barrel vault, in the inside curve of which the radiant tube 6 is arranged longitudinally.
  • the substantially transparent portion 32 is arranged at the base of the vault, which in the illustrated embodiment is open.
  • the radiant tube 6 is preferably inserted completely within the inside curve formed by the wall 31.
  • the wall 31 covers a length that is substantially equal to the length of the radiant tube 6.
  • the shielding means 30 comprise means 33 for supporting the radiant tube 6, which have a plurality of plates 34 which are rigidly connected to the wall 31 and are arranged at right angles to its longitudinal extension, each plate having a seat 35 for accommodating the radiant tube.
  • a plate designated by the reference numeral 34a, is provided at the end of the wall 31 that faces the proximal end 13a and is of the type shown in Figure 17, contoured so as to form a perimeter that substantially matches the perimeter formed by the transverse cross-section of the wall 31 , and provided with a closed seat, designated by the reference numeral 35a, in which the radiant tube 6 is inserted so as to pass through snugly.
  • a plurality of plates (three in Figure 16), designated by the reference numeral 34b, of the type shown in Figure 18, are distributed along the longitudinal extension of the wall 31 and are contoured so as to occupy only partially the transverse section formed by the wall 31 , and are provided with an open seat, designated by the reference numeral 35b, for supporting the radiant tube 6.
  • the shielding means 30 have at least one opening 36 that is formed in the wall 31 at the proximal end 13 a.
  • the burner 5 comprises suspension means 37, which are associated with the shielding means 30 for installation of said burner.
  • the suspension means 37 have a pair of tension members 38, which are arranged at respective longitudinal ends of the wall 31.
  • Each tension member 38 has an end which is associated with the wall 31 and the opposite end which can be associated with a wall of the space in which the burner 5 is installed, for example by means of threaded connecting elements 39, the tension members 38 being threaded externally at their ends.
  • the burner 5 is arranged above the manufactured articles M, with the evacuation ports 7 directed toward said articles.
  • the shielding means 30 are arranged so that the substantially transparent portion 32 faces the articles M, so as to direct toward them the thermal radiation emitted by the radiant tube 6, reducing dispersion into the surrounding environment.
  • the fuel and the oxidizer, fed along the internal jacket 24, generate the flame at the combustion head 9, downstream of which the combustion gases propagate along said internal jacket toward the distal end 24b and from there, through the opening 26, along the interspace 25 toward the proximal end 13a, until they exit through the evacuation port 7.
  • the heat of the combustion gases that pass through the interspace 25 is transmitted to the article M by radiation as a consequence of the heating of the radiant jacket 13.
  • the introduction of the combustion gases into the chamber 2 through the evacuation port 7 further provides a transfer of heat to the article M by convection.
  • the oxidizer is fed directly into the radiant jacket 13 and the portion of radiant tube 6 downstream of the combustion trigger region transfers heat to the article M by radiation, while the portion comprised between the proximal end 13a and the combustion head 9 also provides preheating of the oxidizer, which receives heat both from the combustion gases inside the radiant jacket 13, with which it mixes, and from the chamber 2.
  • the combustion gases in output from the evacuation ports 7 transfer heat to the article M by convection.
  • evacuation ports 7 make it possible to adjust the amount of heat that is transferred by convection with respect to the amount that is transferred by radiation.

Abstract

An apparatus (1) for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly made of ceramic material, which comprises at least one heated chamber (2) provided with at least one opening (3) for introducing at least one article (M) to be treated and with at least one opening (4) for extracting the at least one treated article (M) and means for transmitting heat to the at least one article (M), the transmission means comprising at least one burner (5) provided with a radiant tube (6), which is inserted in the chamber (2) and is provided with at least one port (7) for the evacuation of the combustion gases which is connected to the inside of the chamber so as to achieve mixed heat propagation by radiation and convection.

Description

APPARATUS FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES, PARTICIXARLY MADE OF CERAMIC MATERIAL Technical field
The present invention relates to an apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly made of ceramic material. Background Art
With particular but not exclusive reference to the ceramic sector, the processing of manufactured articles such as tiles, sanitary fixtures and bricks provides for the execution of various steps in a heated and controlled environment, such as in particular drying and firing.
As is known, the drying step consists in keeping the ceramic articles that have already been shaped in a heated environment for the time needed to achieve the at least partial evaporation of the water fraction contained in them. Known drying kilns generally consist of a controlled-temperature chamber into which a stream of hot and dry air is introduced which strikes the articles to be dried, transferring heat to them, substantially by convection, and cold and moist air is extracted from such drying kilns. These drying kilns can operate continuously or discontinuously. In the first case, the heated chamber is shaped like a tunnel and is crossed by the articles, which are loaded onto suitable conveyors from the inlet toward the outlet; in the second case, the heated chamber is instead provided with a single opening for introducing and removing the articles, which are kept stationary during the treatment. Moreover, the firing step consists in a further heating of the articles that have already been dried, so as to achieve complete evaporation of the water contained therein and the necessary physical transformations, which make the mix and any coating acquire the properties that are required of the finished ceramic product. Kilns used for firing substantially consist of a heated chamber, which can have a single opening (discontinuous kilns) or can be tunnel-shaped (continuous kilns).
In order to achieve heat propagation, these apparatuses use burners which substantially consist of a manifold body which is connected to a unit for feeding in a gaseous fuel, which exits from a combustion head at which there are one or more electrodes for generating and controlling the flame, and to a unit for feeding in a gaseous oxidizer (air), which strikes the head. The flame can be kept exposed or it can be confined within open tubular ducts, which have a proximal end that is associated with the manifold body and a distal end that is open for the outflow of the combustion gases. The heat generated by these burners is therefore transmitted to the articles being processed substantially by convection.
These known apparatuses are not free from drawbacks, which include the fact that heat transmission by convection requires relatively long process times, which impair the overall efficiency of the production cycle and increase the consumption of fuel. It is noted that in the case of apparatuses of the continuous type, the process times are directly proportional to the linear space occupation of such apparatuses. The increase in space occupation of these apparatuses can make it difficult to find a location where to place them, in addition to entailing higher purchase and installation costs.
Moreover, these burners do not allow a uniform temperature distribution in the chamber, because the presence of the naked flame or of tongues of fire that exit from the openings of confmed-flame burners, directly in the chamber causes a temperature peak thereat, which entails the risk of damaging the articles being processed. Disclosure of the Invention
The aim of the present, invention is to eliminate the drawbacks noted above of the background art, by providing an apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly articles made of ceramic material, which allows optimization of the efficiency of heat exchange with the articles being processed, making it possible to minimize process times, costs linked to fuel consumption, and the space occupation of the apparatus itself, particularly in case of operation in a continuous cycle.
Within this aim, an object of the present invention is to obtain a uniform distribution of the temperature and of the flow of combustion gases that strike the articles being processed.
Another object of the present invention is to propose an apparatus whose installation does not entail difficulties in finding or preparing the site where it is to be located. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that is simple, relatively easy to provide in practice, safe to use, effective in operation, and has relatively low costs.
This aim and these and other objects which will become better apparent hereinafter are achieved by the present apparatus for thermal treatment of articles, particularly made of ceramic material, comprising at least one heated chamber provided with at least one opening for introducing at least one ceramic article to be treated and with at least one opening for extracting said at least one treated article and means for transmitting heat to said at least one article, characterized in that said transmission means comprise at least one radiant tube burner provided with at least one port for the evacuation of the combustion gases which is connected to the inside of said chamber so as to achieve heat propagation by radiation and convection. Brief description of the drawings
Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become better apparent from the following detailed description of some preferred but not exclusive embodiments of an apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles made of ceramic material, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic transverse sectional view of an apparatus according to the invention, which uses a first type of radiant tube burner; Figure 2 is an enlarged-scale schematic view of a detail of Figure 1 relating to the burner;
Figure 3 is a schematic exploded perspective view of the means for adjusting the placement of the port for evacuating the combustion gases of the burner shown in the preceding figures;
Figure 4 is a partially sectional schematic plan view of a first embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, provided with the first type of burner;
Figure 5 is a schematic and partially sectional plan view of a second embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, provided with the first type of burner;
Figure 6 is a schematic transverse sectional view of a further apparatus according to the invention, which uses a second type of radiant tube burner; Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of the radiant tube of the burner of Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a schematic view, taken from below, of the radiating tube of Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a partially sectional schematic plan view of a third embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention provided with the second type of burner;
Figure 10 is a partially sectional schematic plan view of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention provided with the second type of burner; Figure 1 1 is a schematic and partial transverse sectional view of a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, which uses a third type of radiant tube burner;
Figure 12 is a schematic partial side elevation view of the burner used in the apparatus of Figure 1 1 ; Figure 13 is a schematic partial plan view of the burner of Figure 12; Figure 14 is a schematic partial sectional view, taken along the line XIV-XIV of Figure 13;
Figures 15 is a schematic perspective view of the burner, taken in cross-section as in Figure 14, viewed from below; Figure 16 is a schematic side elevation view of the shielding means of the burner of Figures 1 1-15;
Figure 17 is a schematic front elevation view of the shielding means of Figure 16;
Figure 18 is a schematic sectional view, taken along the line XVIII- XVIII of Figure 16;
Figure 19 is a schematic and partially sectional plan view of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, provided with the third type of burner;
Figure 20 is a schematic partially sectional plan view of a sixth embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention provided with the third type of burner. Ways of carrying out the Invention
With reference to the figures, the reference numeral 1 generally designates an apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles M, particularly made of ceramic material, such as tiles, sanitary fixtures, bricks and the like.
The apparatus 1 comprises at least one heated chamber 2 which has at least one opening 3 for introducing at least, one article M to be treated and at least one opening 4 for extracting the treated article M. The apparatus 1 further has means for transmitting heat to the article
M, which consist of at least one burner 5 provided with a radiant tube 6 which is inserted in the chamber 2 and is provided with at least one port 7 for evacuating the combustion gases which is connected to the inside of the chamber so as to achieve a mixed heat propagation both by radiation and by convection. In a preferred embodiment, the evacuation port 7 is arranged directly inside the chamber 2, but it might also be arranged outside the chamber and be connected to it by means of suitable ducts for the passage of the combustion gases.
The burner 5 comprises a manifold body 8, which is provided with a port 8a for introducing at least one gaseous fuel, such as methane gas, and a port 8b for introducing at least one gaseous oxidizer, such as air, such ports being associated with respective supply units, which are not shown because they are of a known type.
The burner 5 further has a combustion head 9, which is associated with the manifold body 8 so as communicate with it by means of a fuel supply duct 10 and is provided with an ignition electrode 1 1 and with a flame control device 12, of the type of a second electrode.
The radiant tube 6 comprises a radiant jacket 13, which has a proximal end 13a associated with the manifold body 8 and a distal end 13b, to the lateral wall of which the evacuation port 7 is associated. The combustion head 9 is accommodated within the radiant jacket 13.
Preferably, the evacuation port 7 consists of a hole that is formed directly in the side wall of the radiant jacket 13.
Conveniently, the burner 5 can be of the self-recuperative type; the combustion head 9 is in fact arranged along the radiant jacket 13 so as to be spaced from the corresponding proximal end 13a for achieving heat exchange in countercurrent from the combustion gases to the oxidizer that is fed toward said head.
Advantageously, the burner 5 is provided with means 14 for adjusting the position of the evacuation port 7 in order to direct the flow of combustion gases with respect to the article M (Figure 3). In particular, these adjustment means 14 comprise an annular flange 15, which is associated with the proximal end 13a and is provided with a pin 16 which protrudes from the face of the flange that is directed toward the radiant jacket 13 in a position which coincides diametrically with respect to the evacuation port 7. The adjustment means 14 further comprise a plate 17 for fixing the radiant jacket 13 to the manifold body 8, provided with a central hole 18 in which said radiant jacket is inserted so as to pass through it and on the peripheral region of which there are a plurality of seats 19 in which the pin 16 can be inserted alternatively. The plate 17 is further provided with a plurality of through holes 20 for the insertion of screw means, not shown, for connection to the manifold body 8.
In the embodiment shown, the plate 17 has nine seats 19, which are distributed on a half-circle at the lower perimeter of the central hole 18 and are arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane that passes through the longitudinal axis of the radiant jacket 13, and each one corresponds to a different angular arrangement of the evacuation port 7 with respect to the longitudinal axis of said radiant jacket, and therefore a different orientation of the outflow direction of the combustion gases from the evacuation port 7 with respect to the article M. It is noted that the outflow direction of the exhaust gases is preferably horizontal or directed downward, the burner 5 being arranged above the article M.
The burner 5 is arranged so that the manifold body 8 protrudes outside the chamber 2 and so that the radiant tube 6 is supported inside it by at least one first wall 2a that delimits said chamber.
As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the apparatus 1 can provide means 21 for supporting the radiant tube 6 which cooperate with the distal end 13b and are associated with a second wall 2b that delimits the chamber 2 and lies opposite the first wall 2a. The radiant jacket 13 therefore comprises a shank 22 which protrudes from the distal end 13b and the supporting means 21 have a corresponding seat in which said shank is inserted.
In an alternative embodiment it is possible to provide means for suspending the radiant tube 6 within the chamber 2, which means cooperate with the radiant jacket 13 proximately to the distal end 13b. Advantageously, the radiant jacket 13 has an extension that is substantially of the same order of magnitude as the size of the chamber 2.
The transmission means preferably comprise a plurality of burners 5 which are arranged with their corresponding radiant tubes 6 in mutually opposite pairs so as to balance the temperature inside the chamber 2.
The apparatus 1 can operate intermittently (Figures 4, 9 and 19), with the openings 3 and 4 mutually coinciding, or continuously (Figures 5, 10 and 20), with the chamber 2 tunnel-shaped, with horizontal or vertical extension, and means 23, of the type of a roller bed or other continuous conveyor of a known type, for transferring a plurality of articles M from the inlet opening 3 to the outlet opening 4. In this last case, the burners 5 are arranged transversely to the direction in which the chamber 2 is crossed.
Finally, the apparatus 1 can provide, for example, a firing or drying treatment of the articles M, both in the unfired state and in the fired state. In a possible embodiment (Figures 1-5), the apparatus 1 uses a first type of burner 5, whose radiant tube 6 comprises an internal jacket 24, which is arranged inside the radiant jacket 13 and is jointly connected thereto so as to form an interspace 25 for the passage of the combustion gases between said jackets, which has a proximal end 24a associated with the manifold body 8 to supply the oxidizer and is provided with at least one opening 26 for the passage of the combustion gases in the interspace 25 proximate to the distal end 24b. The combustion head 9 is accommodated inside the internal jacket 24 and is spaced from the corresponding proximal end 24a. The evacuation port 7 is associated with the side wall of the radiant jacket 13 at the corresponding proximal end 13a.
The burner 5 can further have baffle elements 27, which are arranged between the duct 10 and the internal jacket 24 so as to impart a helical motion to the flow of the oxidizer. A helical profile 28 is formed on the outer wall of the internal jacket 24 so as to impart a helical motion to the flow of combustion gases along the interspace 25.
In the figures, the radiant jacket 13 and the internal jacket 24 have a linear extension, but they might also be shaped differently.
The internal jacket 24 is arranged concentrically with respect to the radiant jacket 13 and the duct 10 lies along the longitudinal axis of the internal jacket 24.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown), each burner 5 can have a plurality of evacuation ports 7 which are distributed on the side wall of the radiant jacket 13 at least at the corresponding proximal end 13a. In a further embodiment (Figures 6- 10), the apparatus 1 uses a second type of burner 5 which has a plurality of evacuation ports 7, which are distributed in a region of the side wall of the radiant jacket 13 that is comprised between the combustion head 9 and the corresponding distal end 13a and is preferably spaced from said combustion head to avoid the escape of tongues of fire through the evacuation ports 7 proximate to the combustion triggering region.
The evacuation ports 7 have a breadth that increases toward the distal end 13a, so as to avoid the exit of tongues of fire through them, in particular proximately to the combustion head 9. Moreover, the region over which the evacuation ports 7 are distributed has a transverse extension, with respect to the longitudinal extension of the radiant jacket 13, that increases toward the distal end 13a so as to balance the flow-rate of the combustion gases in output from them, taking into account the load losses that occur by moving away from the combustion triggering region. This region therefore has an extension in plan view that is substantially trapezoid or, as an alternative, triangular which diverges toward the distal end 13b.
Finally, such region has a longitudinal extension that is at least equal to half the length of the radiant jacket 13, so as to move beyond the centerline (designated by the reference letter L in the figures) of the chamber 2. In this manner, by arranging in the chamber 2 a plurality of burners 5 whose corresponding radiant tubes 6 are mutually opposite in pairs, each pair of consecutive burners 5 provides a distribution of evacuation ports 7 over the entire width of the chamber 2. In an alternative embodiment, which is not shown, the radiant jacket
13 can have a slot at said region on which a net is superimposed whose gaps form the evacuation ports 7.
In a further embodiment (Figures 1 1-20), the apparatus 1 uses a third type of burner 5, which has a plurality of evacuation ports 7 as described above and is provided with shielding means 30, which cover at least part of the radiant tube 6 externally so as to protect it against any air currents that are present in the space in which said burner is installed and which might cool the radiant tube 6, reducing the effectiveness of the diffusion of heat by radiation. Advantageously, the shielding means 30 provide at least one portion
31 that substantially reflects the thermal radiation emitted by the radiant tube 6 and at least one portion 32 that is substantially transparent to said radiation. The term "transparent" is understood to mean that it can be crossed by thermal radiation. The substantially reflective portion 31 is contoured so as to concentrate the thermal radiation at the substantially transparent portion 32. In this manner, it is possible to direct the thermal radiation for installations that require a localized radiation flow rather than a diffuse one. The substantially reflective portion 31 comprises a wall made of metal plate, which is contoured so as to form a sort of flared barrel vault, in the inside curve of which the radiant tube 6 is arranged longitudinally. The substantially transparent portion 32 is arranged at the base of the vault, which in the illustrated embodiment is open.
The radiant tube 6 is preferably inserted completely within the inside curve formed by the wall 31. Advantageously, the wall 31 covers a length that is substantially equal to the length of the radiant tube 6.
The shielding means 30 comprise means 33 for supporting the radiant tube 6, which have a plurality of plates 34 which are rigidly connected to the wall 31 and are arranged at right angles to its longitudinal extension, each plate having a seat 35 for accommodating the radiant tube.
A plate, designated by the reference numeral 34a, is provided at the end of the wall 31 that faces the proximal end 13a and is of the type shown in Figure 17, contoured so as to form a perimeter that substantially matches the perimeter formed by the transverse cross-section of the wall 31 , and provided with a closed seat, designated by the reference numeral 35a, in which the radiant tube 6 is inserted so as to pass through snugly.
A plurality of plates (three in Figure 16), designated by the reference numeral 34b, of the type shown in Figure 18, are distributed along the longitudinal extension of the wall 31 and are contoured so as to occupy only partially the transverse section formed by the wall 31 , and are provided with an open seat, designated by the reference numeral 35b, for supporting the radiant tube 6.
Conveniently, the shielding means 30 have at least one opening 36 that is formed in the wall 31 at the proximal end 13 a. Preferably, there are two openings 36, which are arranged so as to face each other on opposite sides with respect to the radiant tube 6. In this manner, the portion of radiant jacket 13 that is proximate to the proximal end 13a is kept exposed to the combustion gases that circulate in the space in which the burner 5 is installed so as to achieve the function of heat self-recuperation.
In the case of a burner 5 that is not of the self-recuperative type, the openings 36 are not necessary.
Finally, the burner 5 comprises suspension means 37, which are associated with the shielding means 30 for installation of said burner. The suspension means 37 have a pair of tension members 38, which are arranged at respective longitudinal ends of the wall 31. Each tension member 38 has an end which is associated with the wall 31 and the opposite end which can be associated with a wall of the space in which the burner 5 is installed, for example by means of threaded connecting elements 39, the tension members 38 being threaded externally at their ends.
The burner 5 is arranged above the manufactured articles M, with the evacuation ports 7 directed toward said articles. The shielding means 30 are arranged so that the substantially transparent portion 32 faces the articles M, so as to direct toward them the thermal radiation emitted by the radiant tube 6, reducing dispersion into the surrounding environment.
The possibility is not excluded of applying the shielding means 30 described above to a double-jacket burner 5.
The operation of the present invention is as follows.
If the first type of burner 5 is used, the fuel and the oxidizer, fed along the internal jacket 24, generate the flame at the combustion head 9, downstream of which the combustion gases propagate along said internal jacket toward the distal end 24b and from there, through the opening 26, along the interspace 25 toward the proximal end 13a, until they exit through the evacuation port 7. Along the portion of radiant tube 6 that extends from the combustion triggering region to the distal end 13b, the heat of the combustion gases that pass through the interspace 25 is transmitted to the article M by radiation as a consequence of the heating of the radiant jacket 13.
In the portion of radiant tube 6 that is comprised between the proximal end 13a and the combustion triggering region, instead, the heat of the combustion gases that pass through the interspace 25 is partly transferred to the article M by radiation and partly to the oxidizer, which passes through the internal jacket 24, preheating it.
The introduction of the combustion gases into the chamber 2 through the evacuation port 7 further provides a transfer of heat to the article M by convection.
If the apparatus 1 uses burners 5 of the second or third type, the oxidizer is fed directly into the radiant jacket 13 and the portion of radiant tube 6 downstream of the combustion trigger region transfers heat to the article M by radiation, while the portion comprised between the proximal end 13a and the combustion head 9 also provides preheating of the oxidizer, which receives heat both from the combustion gases inside the radiant jacket 13, with which it mixes, and from the chamber 2.
Simultaneously, the combustion gases in output from the evacuation ports 7 transfer heat to the article M by convection.
In both operations, the arrangement of the burners 5 with the corresponding radiant tubes 6 mutually opposite makes it possible to balance the distribution of the temperature in the chamber 2.
It is noted that the number, size and placement of the evacuation ports 7 make it possible to adjust the amount of heat that is transferred by convection with respect to the amount that is transferred by radiation.
In practice it has been found that the described invention achieves the proposed aim and objects, and in particular the fact is stressed that the apparatus according to the invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of heat exchange and therefore to reduce considerably the operating expenses caused by fuel consumption.
The invention thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the appended claims. All the details may further be replaced with other technically equivalent elements.
In practice, the materials used, as well as the contingent shapes and dimensions, may be any according to requirements without thereby abandoning the scope of the protection of the appended claims. The disclosures in Italian Patent Applications No. MO2008A000324 and MO2009A000040 from which this application claims priority are incorporated herein by reference.
Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the interpretation of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.

Claims

1. An apparatus (1) for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly made of ceramic material, comprising at least one heated chamber (2) provided with at least one opening (3) for introducing at least one article (M) to be treated and with at least one opening (4) for extracting said at least one treated article (M) and means for transmitting heat to said at least one article (M), characterized in that said transmission means comprise at least one burner (5) provided with a radiant tube (6), which is inserted in said chamber (2) and is provided with at least one port (7) for the evacuation of the combustion gases which is connected to the inside of said chamber so as to achieve mixed heat propagation by radiation and convection.
2. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said evacuation port (7) is arranged directly inside said chamber (2).
3. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said burner (5) comprises a manifold body (8) for introducing at least one gaseous fuel and at least one gaseous oxidizer and at least one combustion head (9), which is associated with said manifold body (8) to supply said gaseous fuel and is provided with an ignition electrode (1 1) and with a flame control device (12), and in that said radiant tube (6) comprises a radiant jacket (13), with the side wall of which said at least one evacuation port (7) is associated and which is provided with a proximal end (13a) which is associated with said manifold body (8) and with a distal end (13) which is closed, said combustion head (9) being arranged inside said radiant jacket (13).
4. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said burner (5) is of the self-recuperative type, the combustion head (9) being arranged along the radiant jacket (13), spaced from the corresponding proximal end (13a).
5. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said radiant tube (6) comprises an internal jacket (24), which is arranged inside said radiant jacket (13) so as to form an interspace (25) for the passage of the combustion gases between said jackets, which has a proximal end (24a) which is associated with said manifold body (8) to feed in said oxidizer and is provided with at least one opening (26) for the passage of the combustion gases in said interspace (25) proximate to the distal end (24b), the combustion head (9) being accommodated within said internal jacket (24) and said at least one evacuation port (7) being associated with said radiant jacket (13) at least proximately to the corresponding proximal end (13a),
6. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of said evacuation ports (7), which are associated with the side wall of said radiant jacket (13).
7. The apparatus according to one or more of claims 1-4 and 6, characterized in that said evacuation ports (7) are distributed in a region of the side wall of said radiant jacket (13) that is comprised between said combustion head (9) and the corresponding distal end (13a).
8. The apparatus (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that said evacuation ports (7) have a breadth that increases toward the distal end (13b) of said radiant jacket (13).
9. The apparatus (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said region has a transverse extension, with respect to the longitudinal extension of said radiant jacket (13), which increases toward the corresponding distal end (13a).
10. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of claims 7-9, characterized in that said region has a longitudinal extension that is at least equal to half the longitudinal extension of said radiant jacket (13).
1 1. The apparatus ( 1 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said burner (5) comprises means (14) for adjusting the arrangement of said at least one evacuation port (7) in order to direct the flow of combustion gases with respect to said article (M).
12. The apparatus according to claim 1 1, characterized in that said adjustment means (14) comprise a flange (15) which is associated with the proximal end (13a) of said radiant jacket (13), with which a pin (16) is associated so as to protrude, and a plate (17) for fixing to said manifold body (8) which is provided with a hole (18) for the insertion of said radiant jacket (13) and on the peripheral region of which there are a plurality of seats (19), in which it is possible to accommodate alternatively said pin (16), the placement of said pin at each seat (19) corresponding to a different angular position of the evacuation port (7) with respect to the longitudinal axis of the radiant jacket (13).
13. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said burner (5) comprises shielding means (30) which cover at least part of said radiant tube (6) on the outside.
14. The apparatus (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that said shielding means (30) are provided with at least one portion (31) which substantially reflects the thermal radiation emitted by said radiant tube (6) and at least one portion (32) which is substantially transparent to said thermal radiation, the substantially reflective portion (31) being contoured so as to concentrate the thermal radiation at the substantially transparent portion (32).
15. The apparatus (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that said substantially reflective portion (31) comprises a wall which is contoured so as to form a sort of flared barrel vault, in the inside curve of which said radiant tube (6) is arranged longitudinally, the substantially transparent portion (32) being arranged at the base of said vault.
16. The apparatus (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that said radiant tube (6) is accommodated completely within said inside curve.
17. The apparatus (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that said substantially transparent portion (32) is substantially open.
18. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of claims 13-17, characterized in that said shielding means (30) comprise means (33) for supporting said radiant tube (6).
19. The apparatus (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that said supporting means (33) comprise a plurality of plates (34a, 34b), which are rigidly connected to said substantially reflective portion (31), each plate being provided with a seat (35a, 35b) in which said radiant tube (6) is accommodated.
20. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said shielding means (30) are provided with at least one opening (36), which is arranged proximately to the proximal end (13a) of said radiant tube (6) with respect to said manifold body (8), said burner being of the self-recuperative type.
21. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of claims 13-20, characterized in that said shielding means (30) cover a length that is substantially equal to the length of said radiant tube (6).
22. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is of the type with intermittent operation, said openings (3, 4) for insertion and extraction mutually coinciding.
23. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it is of the type with continuous operation, means (23) being provided for the transfer of said at least one article (M) from the insertion opening (3) toward the extraction opening (4).
24. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said burner (5) is arranged so that the manifold body (8) protrudes externally from said chamber (2) and so that the radiant tube (6) is supported inside it by at least one first wall (2a) of said chamber.
25. The apparatus (1) according to claim 24, characterized in that it comprises means (21) for supporting said radiant tube (6), which cooperate with the distal end (13b) of said radiant jacket (13) and are associated with a second wall (2b) of said jacket (2), which is arranged opposite the first wall (2a).
26. The apparatus (1) according to claim 25, characterized in that said radiant jacket (13) comprises a shank (22), which protrudes from the corresponding distal end (13b) and is associated with said supporting means (21).
27. The apparatus (1) according to claim 24, characterized in that it comprises means for suspending said burner (5) within said chamber (2), which means cooperate with said radiant tube (6).
28. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said radiant tube (6) has a longitudinal extension of the same order of magnitude as the size of said chamber (2).
29. The apparatus (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said transmission means comprise a plurality of said burners (5), which are arranged with their corresponding radiant tubes (6) in mutually opposite pairs.
EP09760821.0A 2008-12-16 2009-11-19 Apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly made of ceramic material Not-in-force EP2373946B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMO2008A000324A IT1392209B1 (en) 2008-12-16 2008-12-16 EQUIPMENT FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES, PARTICULARLY IN CERAMIC MATERIAL
ITMO2009A000040A IT1393144B1 (en) 2009-02-17 2009-02-17 RADIANT TUBE BURNER WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY HEAT EXCHANGE
PCT/EP2009/065501 WO2010069706A1 (en) 2008-12-16 2009-11-19 Apparatus for thermal treatment of manufactured articles, particularly made of ceramic material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2373946A1 true EP2373946A1 (en) 2011-10-12
EP2373946B1 EP2373946B1 (en) 2014-07-23

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CN109443011A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-03-08 上海颐柏科技股份有限公司 A kind of electric radiation device for heat-treatment furnace

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WO2010069706A1 (en) 2010-06-24
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