EP2372139A1 - Agencement d'actionneur à utiliser dans un injecteur de carburant - Google Patents

Agencement d'actionneur à utiliser dans un injecteur de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2372139A1
EP2372139A1 EP10157760A EP10157760A EP2372139A1 EP 2372139 A1 EP2372139 A1 EP 2372139A1 EP 10157760 A EP10157760 A EP 10157760A EP 10157760 A EP10157760 A EP 10157760A EP 2372139 A1 EP2372139 A1 EP 2372139A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
sections
actuator arrangement
body section
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10157760A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2372139B1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Winandy
Christophe Carpentier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies Operations Luxembourg SARL
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Delphi Technologies Holding SARL
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Publication date
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Priority to EP20100157760 priority Critical patent/EP2372139B1/fr
Publication of EP2372139A1 publication Critical patent/EP2372139A1/fr
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Publication of EP2372139B1 publication Critical patent/EP2372139B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an actuator arrangement for use in a fuel injector of the type intended for use in a fuel system of an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention relates, more particularly, to an end-seal of an actuator arrangement of a fuel injector of the accumulator or common rail type, the fuel injector being of the type controlled using a piezoelectric actuator.
  • piezoelectric actuators in fuel injectors of internal combustion engines.
  • Such piezoelectrically operable fuel injectors provide a high degree of control over the timing of injection events within the combustion cycle and the volume of fuel that is delivered during each injection event. This permits improved control over the combustion process, which is essential in order to keep pace with increasingly stringent worldwide environmental regulations.
  • Such fuel injectors may be employed in compression ignition (diesel) engines or spark ignition (petrol) engines.
  • a typical piezoelectric actuator unit designed for use in an automotive fuel injector has a stack structure formed from an alternating sequence of piezoelectric elements or layers and planar internal electrodes.
  • the piezoelectric layers in turn, form an alternating sequence of oppositely polarised layers, and the internal electrodes form an alternating sequence of positive and negative internal electrodes.
  • the positive internal electrodes are in electrical connection with a first external electrode, hereinafter referred to as the positive side electrode.
  • the internal electrodes of the negative group are in electrical connection with a second external electrode, hereinafter referred to as the negative side electrode.
  • the piezoelectric layers of the stack are formed from a ferroelectric material such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
  • Such an actuator is suitable for use in a fuel injector, for example of the type known from the present Applicant's European Patent No. EP 0995901 .
  • the fuel injector is arranged so that a change in length of the actuator results in a movement of a valve needle.
  • the needle can be thus raised from or lowered onto a valve seat by control of the actuator length so as to permit a quantity of fuel to pass through drillings provided in the valve seat.
  • the actuator of such a fuel injector is surrounded by fuel at high pressure.
  • the fuel pressure may be up to or above 2000 bar.
  • the piezoelectric actuator In order to protect the piezoelectric actuator from damage and potential failure, the piezoelectric actuator must be isolated from this environment by at least a layer of barrier material, herein referred to as 'encapsulation member'. It is known to encapsulate the piezoelectric actuator with an inert fluoropolymer, for example as described in the Applicant's PCT published Patent Application No. WO02/061856A1 ( EP 1356529 A ), which acts to prevent permeation of liquid fuel, water and contaminant substances dissolved in the water or fuel, into the structure of the actuator.
  • the encapsulation means must also be able to withstand fuel and water permeation over the entire operational temperature range of between around -40°C to around 175°C during the lifetime of the fuel injector which is about 10 years.
  • a piezoelectric actuator suitable for use in an automotive fuel injector comprising a device body bearing encapsulation member to protectively encapsulate the device body wherein the encapsulation member includes several organic layers and at least one metal layer is known from the Applicant's published PCT Patent Application No. WO2007093921 A .
  • the aforementioned sleeves are preferably formed from elastic or heat-shrink materials such as tubes with open first and second ends such that the actuator can be inserted into the open tube.
  • the tube is then allowed to contract elastically, or is made to contract by the application of heat (i.e. heat shrinkage), in order to encapsulate the actuator.
  • heat i.e. heat shrinkage
  • One or more clips may be provided at the ends of the sleeve in order to improve end sealing, as described in the Applicant's co-pending application EP 05256852 .
  • the clips are placed externally with respect to the sleeve and exert a constrictive force sufficient to urge the sleeve against the underlying external surface of the actuator so as to create a seal at the interface between the sleeve and the actuator surface.
  • an actuator arrangement comprising a piezoelectric actuator having a body section, a shroud which enshrouds at least part of the body section of the actuator, and at least one constrictive member disposed externally with respect to the shroud.
  • the constrictive member applies a constrictive force to the shroud to maintain a seal between the shroud and the underlying body section of the actuator.
  • a method for enshrouding an actuator for use in a fuel injector comprising the steps of providing an actuator, having a body section, a first end piece and a second end piece; providing a shroud having first and second ends; applying a sealant material to at least one portion of an exterior surface of the end pieces, and/or to at least one part of the shroud; and enshrouding the actuator with the shroud, such that the sealant material provides an intermediate layer between the end pieces and the shroud and forms a fluid-tight seal between them.
  • an actuator arrangement for use in a fuel injector comprising: a piezoelectric actuator having a body section, said body section having a first end piece and a second end piece; a sleeve which enshrouds at least part of the body section of the actuator; and at least one constrictive member, disposed externally with respect to the sleeve wherein the constrictive member applies a constrictive force to the sleeve to maintain a seal between the sleeve and the underlying body section of the actuator characterized in that the underlying body section comprises an alternation of smooth sections and rough sections, said rough sections comprising superficial markings or engravings. It is understood that these markings nevertheless have a certain depth.
  • the smooth and rough sections are preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the actuator arrangement respectively the piezoelectric stack.
  • the smooth and rough sections are preferably annular sections, i.e. are situated around the entire perimeter of the underlying bodysection.
  • the markings comprise preferably straight lines, wavy lines, zigzag lines, dots or combinations thereof.
  • the best results are obtained with a ratio between the rough sections and the smooth sections comprised between about 20-80 and about 80-20, preferably between about 40-60 and about 60-40 and most preferably at about 50-50.
  • the number of rough sections is preferably comprised between 3 and 10 and the number of smooth sections is preferably comprised between 3 and 10.
  • the width of the sections is preferably comprised between 0.1 and 0.5 mm and more preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.
  • the depth of the superficial markings is comprised preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 40 ⁇ m from peak to valley.
  • the underlying bodysection i.e. the end piece is made of plastic preferably of a fluoropolymeric material and most preferably of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • the major advantage of the actuator arrangement according to the invention is to provide a piezoelectric actuator stack, which has an improved fuel seal over time at at least one of the end pieces.
  • the constrictive force i.e. the clamping load of the constriction means at the end piece side, in particular the ball joint side leads to an excessive flowing of the polymer of which this end piece is made, when exposed to hot temperature conditions between 110 and 130°C.
  • the flowing of the polymer at high temperatures may lead to a partial or even sometimes complete loss of the clamping load, which may lead in turn to a lack of sealing under certain temperature end pressure conditions.
  • Laser systems suitable for marking and engraving the rough sections are widely available and are commonly used to apply computer-generated images (bar codes, labeling equipment, serial numbers, logos, UID, etc.) to a wide variety of metallic and nonmetallic materials.
  • a variety of manufacturers offer suitable apparatuses for the purpose.
  • EDM Electric discharge machining
  • spark machining is a manufacturing process whereby material is removed from the workpiece by a series of rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes, separated by a dielectric liquid and subject to an electric voltage.
  • One of the electrodes is called the tool-electrode, or simply the 'tool' or 'electrode', while the other is called the workpiece-electrode, or 'workpiece'.
  • EDM may be used to create the rough sections.
  • a variety of manufacturers offer suitable EDM equipment for the purpose.
  • the actuator arrangement may, according to a preferred embodiment, further comprise a metallic film positioned around the sleeve.
  • Such a metallic film may be realized in different ways known to those skilled in the art. Some suitable examples are described in more detail in W02007/093921 . Aluminum and stainless steel are preferred for the metallic film.
  • the material of the sleeve may be chemically or physically modified in order to bond to the substrate or surface of the stack, to facilitate bonding to the stack or to the optional metallic film.
  • thermoplastic polymers for heat shrinkable sleeves ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thermoplastic, a polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF), a fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP), a perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) or a polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinylether (MFA) and polymers of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride (THV).
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinyldifluoride
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy
  • MFA polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinylether
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a known piezoelectric actuator arrangement including a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail perspective view of a first end of the actuator arrangement of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the first end of the actuator arrangement of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional detail view of part of the second end of the actuator of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part of the ball joint of the second end of the actuator of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the markings on the ball joint of Fig. 5 .
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross section detail view of the markings on the ball joint of Fig. 6 .
  • FIG. 1 shows all actuator arrangement, which is elongate and generally cylindrical in shape.
  • the arrangement includes a known piezoelectric actuator 20 having at least one piezoelectric element (not shown), and is suitable for use in a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine.
  • the actuator 20 includes a generally cylindrical body section 12, comprising: a central major portion 13 containing a piezoelectric stack; and first and second end pieces 14 and 16 respectively.
  • End piece 14 at the first end of body section 12, includes an electrical connector with first and second terminals, which in use receives a voltage from a voltage supply (not shown).
  • End piece 16 at the second end of body section 12, includes a load transmitting member which in use co-operates with a control piston or valve needle (not shown) of the fuel injector.
  • end piece 14 is narrower than the major portion 13 such that in longitudinal cross-section the first end of body section 12 has a stepped profile comprising neck 125 and shoulder 126.
  • end piece 16 is narrower than the major portion 13, apart from the similarly narrow neck 125 at the first end, such that in longitudinal cross-section the second end of body section 12 has a stepped profile comprising neck 127 and shoulder 128.
  • each clip 30, 40 defines a ring in the form of a short expandable tube.
  • clip 30 encircles body section 12 at neck 125, outwardly of shoulder 126. Additionally, it will be appreciated that clip 40 encircles body location of clips 30 and 40 can be seen in more detail in the sectional views of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 Evident from FIGS. 3 and 4 is the presence of a flexible sleeve 50, which enshrouds and is conformed to the contours of body section 12.
  • Sleeve 50 extends along the length of body section 12 from end piece 14 to end piece 16.
  • clip 30 is positioned externally with respect to sleeve 50 around neck 125 of body section 12, such that the interior surface of clip 30 bears against the exterior of sleeve 50.
  • Clip 30 is formed from a conventional spring wire material that can be expanded and contracted resiliently to vary its internal diameter. When positioned around neck 125, clip 30 exerts a constrictive force upon sleeve 50 sufficient to urge the interior of sleeve 50 against the exterior of body section 12. The constrictive force is sufficiently strong that a fluid-tight seal is maintained at the interface between sleeve 50 and body section 12 beneath clip 30.
  • clip 40 is positioned externally with respect to sleeve 50 around neck 127, and forms a seal in the same way as described for clip 30.
  • Clips 30 and 40 encircle necks 125, 127 respectively by at least two full turns of their coils around the circumference of those regions.
  • the coiled shape provides a large, substantially continuous area of contact pressure against sleeve 50 beneath clips 30, 40, while minimising the external diameter of actuator arrangement 10.
  • annular clip may be used to encircle body section 12 at neck 125, outwardly of shoulder 126, 127. It is to be appreciated that a similar annular clip could be provided at the second end of body section 12 to encircle body section 12 at neck 127, outwardly of shoulder 128. Such annular clips encircle necks 125, 127 by one full turn around the circumference of those regions.
  • the annular clips are positioned externally with respect to sleeve 50 around necks 125, 127 respectively of body section 12 such that the interior female surface of each clip 60 bears against the exterior of sleeve 50.
  • clips exert a constrictive force upon sleeve 50 sufficient to urge the interior of sleeve 50 against the exterior of body section 12.
  • FIG. 5 a preferred embodiment of the end piece 16 is shown in more detail.
  • Five horizontal, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of the actuator, circumferential, annular rough sections 130 alternating with four circumferential smooth sections 132 can be seen on the neck 127 of the second end piece 16.
  • Each of the rough sections 130 comprises a series of zigzag lines 134 shown in more detail on FIG. 6 . These lines have been made by a laser marker.
  • the cross section of a zigzag line is shown in more detail on FIG. 7 .
  • the lines are in fact shallow grooves 136 flanked on each side by a lip 138, 140.
  • the end piece 16 in this particular case has a total height of about 10 mm and a diameter of between 7,0 and 9.5 mm.
  • the zone on the neck 127 of the end piece i.e. the underlying body section which comprises an alternation of smooth sections and rough sections, said rough sections comprising superficial markings is about 3,1 mm wide and in the present example comprises 8 rough sections and 7 smooth i.e. non marked zones in alternation with the rough sections.
  • the superficial markings in the form of zigzag lines have been made a laser marking apparatus "Trumpf TruMark 6230" and have a depth "peak to valley" i.e.
  • each rough section has a width of 210 ⁇ m and comprises 4 zigzag lines, the distance between to adjacent peaks is 100 ⁇ m, the length of the straight sections is 60 ⁇ m, the zigzag has an amplitude of 30 ⁇ m. The shortest distance between two adjacent lines is 30 ⁇ m.
  • the constrictive force or the clamping load is sufficiently strong that a fluid-tight seal is maintained at the interfaces between sleeve 50 and body section 12 beneath the annular clips.
  • the constrictive force exerted onto the sleeve was 50% higher than in an identical actuator without the alternation of smooth sections and rough sections, comprising superficial markings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
EP20100157760 2010-03-25 2010-03-25 Agencement d'actionneur à utiliser dans un injecteur de carburant Active EP2372139B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20100157760 EP2372139B1 (fr) 2010-03-25 2010-03-25 Agencement d'actionneur à utiliser dans un injecteur de carburant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP20100157760 EP2372139B1 (fr) 2010-03-25 2010-03-25 Agencement d'actionneur à utiliser dans un injecteur de carburant

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EP2372139A1 true EP2372139A1 (fr) 2011-10-05
EP2372139B1 EP2372139B1 (fr) 2012-10-31

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104812682A (zh) * 2012-11-09 2015-07-29 世伟洛克公司 具有可视指示剂套管的致动器

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0995901A1 (fr) 1998-10-22 2000-04-26 Lucas Industries Limited Injecteur à combustible
WO2002061856A1 (fr) 2001-02-01 2002-08-08 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Procede permettant d'assembler un ensemble actionneur
US20070057095A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-15 Johann Bayer Metallic compression joint and fuel injector having a metallic compression joint
EP1783842A1 (fr) 2005-11-04 2007-05-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Ensemble actionneur
WO2007093921A2 (fr) 2006-02-14 2007-08-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Revêtements barriere destines a un dispositif piezoelectrique
WO2007128948A1 (fr) 2006-05-03 2007-11-15 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Procede pour envelopper un actionneur
EP1901360A2 (fr) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Module de piezoactionneur doté d'un piezoactionneur gainé
EP2014966A2 (fr) * 2007-06-15 2009-01-14 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Bague soufflet serrante

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0995901A1 (fr) 1998-10-22 2000-04-26 Lucas Industries Limited Injecteur à combustible
WO2002061856A1 (fr) 2001-02-01 2002-08-08 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Procede permettant d'assembler un ensemble actionneur
EP1356529A1 (fr) 2001-02-01 2003-10-29 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Procede permettant d'assembler un ensemble actionneur
US20070057095A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-15 Johann Bayer Metallic compression joint and fuel injector having a metallic compression joint
EP1783842A1 (fr) 2005-11-04 2007-05-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Ensemble actionneur
WO2007093921A2 (fr) 2006-02-14 2007-08-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Revêtements barriere destines a un dispositif piezoelectrique
WO2007128948A1 (fr) 2006-05-03 2007-11-15 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Procede pour envelopper un actionneur
EP1901360A2 (fr) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Module de piezoactionneur doté d'un piezoactionneur gainé
EP2014966A2 (fr) * 2007-06-15 2009-01-14 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Bague soufflet serrante

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104812682A (zh) * 2012-11-09 2015-07-29 世伟洛克公司 具有可视指示剂套管的致动器

Also Published As

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