EP2368162A1 - Method and device for controlling the adjustment of a switching state of an electric switching system in the field of guided vehicles - Google Patents

Method and device for controlling the adjustment of a switching state of an electric switching system in the field of guided vehicles

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Publication number
EP2368162A1
EP2368162A1 EP08875635A EP08875635A EP2368162A1 EP 2368162 A1 EP2368162 A1 EP 2368162A1 EP 08875635 A EP08875635 A EP 08875635A EP 08875635 A EP08875635 A EP 08875635A EP 2368162 A1 EP2368162 A1 EP 2368162A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
state
switching system
reading
control module
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08875635A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Capdevila
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens SAS
Original Assignee
Siemens SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens SAS filed Critical Siemens SAS
Publication of EP2368162A1 publication Critical patent/EP2368162A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G05B19/0423—Input/output
    • G05B19/0425—Safety, monitoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
    • B61L15/0072—On-board train data handling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B9/00—Safety arrangements
    • G05B9/02—Safety arrangements electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/18—Modifications for indicating state of switch

Definitions

  • Method and device for controlling a setting of a switching state of an electrical switching system related to the guide of guided vehicles are described.
  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for dynamically controlling a secure, ie safer, setting of a binary switching state, for example open or closed, of at least one electrical switching system, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 10.
  • the invention relates to the reliability and maintainability of electrical switching systems integrated with automation equipment related to the field of guided vehicles (for example, the railway domain), said electrical switching system driving at least an actuator by means of a control circuit delivering an on / off output relating to the respectively open or closed switching state of the switching system.
  • guided vehicles refers in particular to means of public transport such as buses, trolleybuses, trams, subways, trains or train units, etc., for which the security aspect is very important.
  • This safety aspect is particularly related to the proper functioning of automation equipment internal or external to the vehicle.
  • Examples of internal and external automatic control equipment are the automatic closing of the doors of a train and, respectively, the control of switching of a subway.
  • vehicle and / or the movement of other vehicles for example, obstruction of other vehicles due to a technical failure of the automation equipment).
  • the switching system is in an open state while it is controlled in a closed state
  • the switching system is in a closed state when it is controlled in an open state.
  • the electromechanical relay is a particular electrical switching system, consisting mainly of an electromagnet for mechanical contact by displacement of a moving part called the contactor, an upstream electrical circuit and a downstream electrical circuit.
  • the contactor is provided with a main contact and an auxiliary contact, the main contact serving to control the actuator and the auxiliary contact to read the state of the relay.
  • this method only applies to the particular case of electromechanical relays and is not applicable, for example, to a static relay, for which an auxiliary contact is no longer possible.
  • a major disadvantage of this method is that it only works if the auxiliary contact is in the same state as the main contact, which is not always the case with an ordinary relay, especially during a failure bonding type, and therefore requires the use of special relays with integral and non-overlapping contacts, one of which is used to control the actuator, and the other is looped back to the control module.
  • the method does not cover with certainty glue failures.
  • this method makes it possible, by comparing the state read with the commanded state, to detect faults up to the electromagnet, but very rarely makes it possible to detect a failure of the contactor, hence a lack of reliability.
  • An object of the present invention is to propose a reliable dynamic control method for the secure setting of a binary open or closed switching state of at least one electrical switching system integrated with automation equipment related to the field of vehicles guided and driving at least one actuator, in order to secure the switching system and to improve the reliability and maintainability of the automation equipment.
  • Another object of the invention is to guarantee a small bulk of the automation equipment, as well as a low probability of reading error of said state independently of the electrical design of the control of the actuator (electrical switching system and / or control circuit and / or electrical circuit internal to the actuator), the method must not in any way disturb said control of the actuator, and conversely, the operation of the actuator must not alter the reading of the actuator. switching state.
  • provision will also be made to provide a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state of at least one electrical switching system integrated with automation equipment. vehicle guided and driving at least one actuator.
  • a dynamic control method for the secure setting of a binary switching state (open or closed) of at least one electrical switching system integrated with automation equipment related to the field of guided vehicles Ie-dit switching system controlling at least one actuator by means of a control circuit providing power supply to the actuator by means of at least one digital output (corresponding to the binary switching state), said method comprising the following steps: - a transmission of a status command from a control module to the electrical switching system,
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that said reading is performed downstream of the switching system on a signal extracted from the control circuit, said signal indicating whether the control circuit is in either active (ie closed) or inactive (ie open) mode.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the reading is performed by coupling the control circuit with at least one transformer as an isolation component.
  • the transformer can advantageously be miniaturized in order to occupy a small space in the automation equipment and moreover, it guarantees a good electrical insulation so as not to disturb the operation of the actuator and not to alter the electrical characteristics of the all or nothing output.
  • the transformer may advantageously provide a power supply allowing an optocoupling reading to the control circuit.
  • the optocoupling takes place only when the switching system is closed, thus allowing the transmission of a control signal correlated to the closed state of the switching system to the control module.
  • the optocoupling does not take place, allowing the transmission of a read signal correlated to the open state of the switching system.
  • the optocoupling thus guarantees the transmission of two different control signals depending on whether the switching system is open or closed.
  • the binary characteristic of the state of the switching system is thus retranscribed in the control signal via the optocoupling.
  • the method according to the invention is further characterized in that the reading is performed by current measurement or impedance measurement via the transformer.
  • the reading and the electrical insulation are performed by a single component, the transformer, which not only saves space, but also costs.
  • the method according to the invention is also characterized in particular by the fact that said control module is able to compare the controlled state with the read state and to signal a divergence between the read state and the commanded state, said divergence being the characteristic of a probable failure.
  • said divergence can be advantageously communicated in real time by means of an alert signal to a maintenance station comprising a maintenance team ready to intervene at the location of said divergence in order to remedy it.
  • the alert signal is specific to the control module from which it originates, thus allowing a quick and easy location of the location of the divergence.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of said transmissions (transmission of a command or transmission of a control signal) is performed by a remote link.
  • the underlying advantage is remote control of the electrical switching system and / or remote transmission of the switching state of the switching system. This may be for example the remote control by a train of the correct routing of a channel, but also, a remote transmission of information concerning the opening / closing of doors, the transmission of said information can for example, to be linked to a vehicle start-up condition.
  • a remote control of the control and control modules makes it possible to exchange information concerning the switching state of the switching system.
  • the switching state of the switching system can be controlled remotely via the control module.
  • control module receives, by a remote communication means, information or an order concerning a state to be controlled, and then transmits a status command, relating to the order or the information received, to the switching system.
  • a status command relating to the order or the information received
  • the state actually executed by the electrical switching system can be known remotely via the control module which transmits information relating to the switched switching state by means of a remote link.
  • a dynamic control device for the secure setting of a binary switching state of at least one electrical switching system integrated with automation equipment related to the field of guided vehicles, said switching system controlling at least one actuator by means of a control circuit providing an electrical supply to the actuator by means of at least one digital output (corresponding to the binary switching state), said device comprising:
  • control module controlling the state of the electrical switching system
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that said reading device is arranged downstream of the electrical switching system and is coupled to the control circuit of the actuator.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the reading device comprises at least one transformer as an isolation component coupled to the pilot circuit.
  • the transformer allows a free coupling of galvanic contacts between an electronics part of the reading device and an electronic part of the control circuit of the actuator.
  • the transformer can be advantageously miniaturized, the place taken by the reading device in the automation equipment is low.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the reading device comprises an optocoupler powered by said transformer.
  • the optocoupler makes it possible to transmit a different signal depending on whether the switching system is in a closed or open state.
  • the reading device will thus transmit a control signal correlated to the binary characteristic of the state of the switching system.
  • Another advantage of using an optocoupler is to be able to isolate, from a galvanic point of view, an electronics linked to the reading device of an electronics linked to the control circuit.
  • the transformer can be advantageously used to deliver a signal adapted to the reading of the switching state by current measurement or by impedance measurement.
  • the transformer is not only used as a galvanic insulator, but also as a switch state reader, ensuring, by its dual function of insulating component and reading component, a small space requirement of the automation equipment .
  • the device is characterized in that the control module comprises a state comparator comparing the state controlled to read state able to signal and transmit information relating to a divergence between the commanded state and the read status.
  • This comparison between the commanded state and the actually executed state ie the read state
  • control module comprises an intelligent circuit, such as, for example and non-exhaustively, a microprocessor, an FPGA component (ie an array of programmable gates In situ or Field Programmable Gate Array in English), or else an ASIC (ie a specialized integrated circuit or Application-Specific Integrated Circuit in English), it is then possible to multiplex the signals coming out of several (at least two) reading devices and to have a single comparator, this to save space and allow a small footprint by reducing the number of comparators.
  • the control module is able to signal said divergence so that maintenance of the automation equipment is facilitated and quickly achievable due to a location of the fault by an identification of the faulty switching system.
  • control module and / or the control module comprise a device capable of remotely transmitting and receiving data relating to the switching state of the switching system.
  • the switching state can be controlled remotely via the control module, and then the actually executed state, ie the read state, can be transmitted remotely to a control station.
  • a train can remotely control the switch of a track, and then receive feedback confirming or reversing the commanded switch.
  • a new lane can be chosen in time in order to avoid the problematic routing and thus guarantee the smooth running of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 embodiment of a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state
  • FIG. 2 exemplary embodiment of a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state by reading said state via an optocoupler
  • FIG. 3 exemplary embodiment of a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state by reading said state via a current measurement
  • FIG. 4 embodiment of a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state by reading said state via an impedance measurement.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state of at least one electrical switching system (12) integrated with automation equipment (1), said system switching device (12) controlling at least one actuator (2) by means of a control circuit (13).
  • the device comprising:
  • control module (11a) controlling the state of the electrical switching system, in particular by means of a state control (15),
  • a reading device (14) capable of reading the switching state of the electrical switching system (12), and transmitting to a control module (Hb) a control signal (Sc) relating to the switching state read, is characterized in that the reading device (14) is arranged downstream of the switching system (12) electrical and is coupled to the control circuit (13) of the actuator (2).
  • said read-out coupling (16) may comprise at least one transformer as an isolation component and an optocoupler as a readout component, or alternatively, in another variant, said transformer may act as a as isolation and reading component, thus combining two functions.
  • a control signal (Sp) is transmitted by the electrical switching system (12) to the actuator (2) via said piloting circuit (13), said control circuit being able to configure the control signal (Sp) according to the (electrical) characteristics of the actuator (2).
  • the characteristics of the control module (11a) and the control module (Hb) can be grouped into a single secure adjustment module (11) able to control and control the adjustment of the switching system and the actuator, in particular , by means of remote links.
  • Figures 2 to 4 are detailed embodiments according to Figure 1. They respectively show a reading of the switching state via an octocoupling, via a current measurement and via an impedance measurement.
  • FIG. 2 shows an actuator (2a) controlled by means of a control circuit (13a) by an electrical switching system (12a) which receives a status command (15) from a module secure setting (11).
  • a control signal (Sc) containing information on the state actually executed, is transmitted to the security adjustment module.
  • a reading device (14a) which performs an octocoupler (DQ) reading of the state of the switching system.
  • the reading device (14a) is itself configured and controlled by a control signal (St) from the secure control module (11), in particular the control signal (ST) supplies a transformer (T1). of the reading device (14).
  • the octocoupler (DQ) comprises in particular at least one light emitting diode and a phototransistor.
  • the reading device (14a) comprises, among other things, the transformer (Tl) coupled to a diode bridge (D1, D2, D3, D4, D7) supplying voltage (Vi, OVi) through a resistor (R1). ) the light emitting diode of the octocoupler (DQ).
  • the switching system (12a) is closed, the light-emitting diode of the octocoupler (DQ) is fed by the isolated voltage (Vi) through the resistor (R1): the photocoupler of the octocoupler (DQ) is conductive.
  • the automation equipment (1) can drive several actuators (2) using a multiplexing technique: a family (la) formed of a switching system (12a), a control circuit (13a).
  • n families will each drive at least one actuator. Also, a redundancy technique for which several families, ie two or more families, can command the same or, at least one, actuator advantageously allows a securing of the switching system. Although the number of families is not restricted in quantity, they are nevertheless controlled and controlled by a single secure adjustment module (11).
  • the control (St) and control (Sc) signals of each family are coupled to each other so that the control signals (St) control / feed the transformers in turn. (Tl) reading devices.
  • the secure control module (11) first generates a first control signal (St) which generates a signal on the transformer T1 of the reading device (14a) of the family (la). and in return, the secure adjustment module (11) receives a first control signal (Sc) from the reading device (14a).
  • the secure module (11) generates a second control signal (St) which generates a signal on the transformer T1 of the reading device (14b) of the family (Ib) and in return, the module of secure setting (11) receives a second control signal (Sc) from the reading device (14b).
  • the actuators are thus controlled and the relays controlled one after the other, families (14a) up to (14n) continuously or discontinuously.
  • another advantage of this device is that the manipulation of normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC) contacts outside the automation equipment (1), but belonging for example to the actuators (2), does not cause no errors in reading the state of the switching system.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment according to FIG. 1 is given in FIG. 3, characterized in that the state of the electrical switching system (12) is read by a current measurement via the transformer (Tl) belonging to the reading device (14).
  • the reading device (14) of FIG. 3 is on the one hand controlled by the secure control module via a control / command signal (St) and, on the other hand, unlike FIG. 2, it comprises inter alia resistors (R1, R2), diodes (D1, D2, D3), capacitance (C1) and transformer (T1) for reading the switching state of the switching system (12) by measuring current on the control circuit (13).
  • the current measurement has different values depending on the open or closed state of the electrical switching system.
  • This difference in the value of the current measurements allows the transmission of a control signal (Sca) correlated to the open or closed state of the switching system (12).
  • This control signal (Sca) is transmitted by the reading device (14) to a state comparator (111) forming part of the secure control module (11).
  • the status comparator (111) compares the control signal (Sca) with a reference signal, which comparison makes it possible to deduce whether the controlled state corresponds to the read state.
  • the secure adjustment module is able to transmit (remotely) to a maintenance team an alert signal making it possible to locate and define the failure of the command. automation equipment.
  • the automation equipment (1) can control several actuators (2) in particular by using a multiplexing technique: a family (1a) formed of a switching system (12), a driving circuit (13) and a reading device (14) driving a first actuator (2a) is connected to the secure adjustment module (11) in parallel with a second family (Ib) identical to the family ( la) and driving a second actuator (2a). While the family (1a) allows the transmission of a control signal (Sca) to the comparator (111), the family (Ib) allows the transmission of a second control signal (Scb) to the same comparator (111).
  • a multiplexing technique a family (1a) formed of a switching system (12), a driving circuit (13) and a reading device (14) driving a first actuator (2a) is connected to the secure adjustment module (11) in parallel with a second family (Ib) identical to the family ( la) and driving a second actuator (2a). While the family (1a) allows the transmission of a control signal (Sca) to the comparator (111), the family (Ib
  • the comparator (111) makes it possible to compare each control signal (Sca, Scb, ..., ScX) with said reference signal, and thus to deduce the state actually executed by the "
  • the comparator (111) can compare the control signals iteratively (one after another) by means of iterative state control sent to the different electrical switching systems by the control module.
  • the state comparator is able to process the comparison of the different control signals with a reference signal simultaneously, advantageously allowing a faster reading of the switching state of the electrical switching systems.
  • FIG. 4 is identical to FIG. 3 and thus has the same characteristics, with the difference that the reading device (14) allows reading by measurement of the impedance variation in the control circuit (13) downstream of the electrical switching system (12) to which it is connected.
  • the advantage of this embodiment over the previous one is that the device does not give false alarms in the case where the current in the actuator is not that expected due to an event outside the automation equipment, such as, for example and non-exhaustively, a maneuver on push buttons, a failure of an actuator, a short circuit or a cut in a wiring train.
  • the method and the device according to the invention have several advantages over existing methods and devices in that: - They improve the reliability of the control of the operation of the automation equipment and allow a fast, localized and secure detection of faults,

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for dynamically controlling the secure adjustment of a binary switching state of at least one electric switching system built into an automatically functioning apparatus used in the field of guided vehicles, said switching system driving at least one actuator by means of a driving circuit. The device includes: a control module controlling the state of the electric switching system, and a reading device capable of reading the switching state of the electric switching system and of transmitting a control signal related to the read switching state to a monitoring module. The device is characterised in that the reading device is provided downstream from the electric switching system and is coupled to the driving circuit of the actuator, thereby providing the automatically functioning apparatus with enhanced reliability and maintainability.

Description

Description Description
Méthode et dispositif de contrôle d'un réglage d'un état de commutation d' un système de commutation électrique lié au do- rαaine des véhicules guidés.Method and device for controlling a setting of a switching state of an electrical switching system related to the guide of guided vehicles.
La présente invention concerne une méthode et un dispositif de contrôle dynamique d'un réglage sécurisé, i.e. plus sûr, d'un état de commutation binaire, par exemple ouvert ou fer- mé, d'au moins un système de commutation électrique, selon les préambules des revendications 1 et 10.The present invention relates to a method and a device for dynamically controlling a secure, ie safer, setting of a binary switching state, for example open or closed, of at least one electrical switching system, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 10.
En particulier, l'invention se rapporte à la fiabilisation et à la maintenabilité des systèmes de commutation électrique intégrés à un équipement d'automatisme lié au domaine des véhicules guidés (par exemple, le domaine ferroviaire) , ledit système de commutation électrique pilotant au moins un actua- teur au moyen d'un circuit de pilotage délivrant une sortie tout ou rien relative à l'état respectivement ouvert ou fermé de commutation du système de commutation.In particular, the invention relates to the reliability and maintainability of electrical switching systems integrated with automation equipment related to the field of guided vehicles (for example, the railway domain), said electrical switching system driving at least an actuator by means of a control circuit delivering an on / off output relating to the respectively open or closed switching state of the switching system.
Les termes « véhicules guidés » font en particulier référence aux moyens de transports en commun tels que des bus, trolleybus, tramways, métros, trains ou unités de train, etc., pour lesquels l'aspect sécuritaire est très important. Cet aspect sécuritaire est notamment lié au bon fonctionnement des équipements d'automatisme internes ou externes au véhicule. Des exemples d'équipements d'automatisme internes, respectivement externes, sont la fermeture automatique des por- tes d'un train et, respectivement, la commande d'aiguillage d'un métro. Dans ce cadre, il est important que l'exploitant du véhicule puisse détecter et réparer rapidement les pannes de l'équipement d'automatisme, non seulement afin de garantir la sécurité des passagers du véhicule, mais aussi afin de ne pas pénaliser la disponibilité du véhicule et/ou le déplacement d'autres véhicules (par exemple, entrave au déplacement d'autres véhicules dû à une défaillance technique de l'équipement d'automatisme) .The term "guided vehicles" refers in particular to means of public transport such as buses, trolleybuses, trams, subways, trains or train units, etc., for which the security aspect is very important. This safety aspect is particularly related to the proper functioning of automation equipment internal or external to the vehicle. Examples of internal and external automatic control equipment are the automatic closing of the doors of a train and, respectively, the control of switching of a subway. In this context, it is important that the vehicle operator can quickly detect and repair faults in the automation equipment, not only in order to guarantee the safety of the passengers of the vehicle, but also in order not to penalize the availability of the vehicle. vehicle and / or the movement of other vehicles (for example, obstruction of other vehicles due to a technical failure of the automation equipment).
Il arrive qu'un système de commutation tombe en panne par manque de fiabilité, par usure naturelle, ou à cause d'une surcharge. Deux modes de panne sont généralement observés :Sometimes a switching system fails because of unreliability, natural wear, or overload. Two failure modes are generally observed:
- la coupure : le système de commutation est dans un état ouvert alors qu'il est commandé dans un état fermé,- the cutoff: the switching system is in an open state while it is controlled in a closed state,
- ' le collage : le système de commutation est dans un état fermé alors qu'il est commandé dans un état ouvert.- 'gluing: the switching system is in a closed state when it is controlled in an open state.
Afin de détecter et réparer rapidement ces pannes, il est notamment nécessaire de pouvoir lire l'état ouvert ou fermé d'un système de commutation électrique. Il est donc nécessaire de vérifier que l'état commandé a bien été exécuté par le système de commutation afin de prévenir toute divergence entre l'état commandé et l'état réellement exécuté.In order to quickly detect and repair these faults, it is in particular necessary to be able to read the open or closed state of an electrical switching system. It is therefore necessary to verify that the commanded state has been executed by the switching system in order to prevent any divergence between the commanded state and the actually executed state.
En ce sens, une méthode permettant le contrôle du réglage d'un relais électromécanique pilotant un actuateur est connue par l'homme du métier. Le relais électromécanique est un système de commutation électrique particulier, composé principalement d'un électroaimant permettant un contact mécanique par déplacement d'une partie mobile appelée le contacteur, d'un circuit électrique amont et d'un circuit électrique aval. Le contacteur est muni d'un contact principal et d'un contact auxiliaire, le contact principal servant à commander l' actuateur et le contact auxiliaire à relire l'état du relais. Cette méthode comporte les étapes suivantes :In this sense, a method for controlling the setting of an electromechanical relay driving an actuator is known to those skilled in the art. The electromechanical relay is a particular electrical switching system, consisting mainly of an electromagnet for mechanical contact by displacement of a moving part called the contactor, an upstream electrical circuit and a downstream electrical circuit. The contactor is provided with a main contact and an auxiliary contact, the main contact serving to control the actuator and the auxiliary contact to read the state of the relay. This method consists of the following steps:
- une transmission d'une commande d'état du contacteur, re- lais ouvert (circuit électrique amont isolé du circuit électrique aval) ou fermé (circuits amont et aval en contact), ladite transmission étant issue d'un module de commande,a transmission of a contactor state control, open relay (upstream electrical circuit isolated from the downstream electrical circuit) or closed circuit (upstream and downstream circuits in contact), said transmission being derived from a control module,
- une exécution de ladite commande d'état par le relais électromécanique, - une transmission d'un signal de contrôle à un module de contrôle après lecture de l'état, ouvert ou fermé, du relais électromécanique, ledit signal de contrôle étant relatif à l'état lu et la lecture se faisant à l'aide du contact auxiliaire, mécaniquement solidaire du contact principal.an execution of said state control by the electromechanical relay, a transmission of a control signal to a control module after reading the state, open or closed, of the electromechanical relay, said control signal being relative to the state read and the reading being done using the auxiliary contact, mechanically secured to the main contact.
Malheureusement, cette méthode s'applique uniquement au cas particulier des relais électromécaniques et n'est pas appli- cable, par exemple, à un relais statique, pour lequel un contact auxiliaire n'est plus possible. De plus, un inconvénient majeur de cette méthode est qu'elle fonctionne uniquement si le contact auxiliaire est dans le même état que le contact principal, ce qui n'est pas toujours le cas avec un relais ordinaire, en particulier lors d'une panne de type collage, et oblige donc à utiliser des relais spéciaux ayant des contacts solidaires et non chevauchants, dont l'un est utilisé pour piloter l'actuateur, et l'autre est rebouclé au module de contrôle. De plus, même avec des relais spéciaux, la méthode ne couvre pas avec certitude les pannes de type collage. Finalement, cette méthode permet, par comparaison de l'état lu avec l'état commandé, de- détecter des pannes jusqu'à l' électroaimant, mais ne permet que très rarement de détecter une panne du contacteur, d'où un manque de fiabilité.Unfortunately, this method only applies to the particular case of electromechanical relays and is not applicable, for example, to a static relay, for which an auxiliary contact is no longer possible. In addition, a major disadvantage of this method is that it only works if the auxiliary contact is in the same state as the main contact, which is not always the case with an ordinary relay, especially during a failure bonding type, and therefore requires the use of special relays with integral and non-overlapping contacts, one of which is used to control the actuator, and the other is looped back to the control module. Moreover, even with special relays, the method does not cover with certainty glue failures. Finally, this method makes it possible, by comparing the state read with the commanded state, to detect faults up to the electromagnet, but very rarely makes it possible to detect a failure of the contactor, hence a lack of reliability.
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer une méthode de contrôle dynamique fiable du réglage sécurisé d' un état de commutation binaire, ouvert ou fermé, d'au moins un système de commutation électrique intégré à un équipement d'automatisme lié au domaine des véhicules guidés et pilotant au moins un actuateur, afin de sécuriser le système de commutation et d' améliorer la fiabilité et la maintenabilité de l'équipement d'automatisme. Un autre but de l'invention est de garantir un faible encombrement de l'équipement d'automatisme, ainsi qu'une faible probabilité d'erreur de lecture dudit état indépendamment de la conception électrique du pilotage de l'actuateur (système de commutation électrique et/ou circuit de pilotage et/ou circuit électrique interne à l'actuateur), la méthode ne devant en aucun cas perturber ledit pilotage de l'actuateur, et inversement, le fonctionnement de l'actuateur ne devant pas altérer la lecture de l'état de commutation.An object of the present invention is to propose a reliable dynamic control method for the secure setting of a binary open or closed switching state of at least one electrical switching system integrated with automation equipment related to the field of vehicles guided and driving at least one actuator, in order to secure the switching system and to improve the reliability and maintainability of the automation equipment. Another object of the invention is to guarantee a small bulk of the automation equipment, as well as a low probability of reading error of said state independently of the electrical design of the control of the actuator (electrical switching system and / or control circuit and / or electrical circuit internal to the actuator), the method must not in any way disturb said control of the actuator, and conversely, the operation of the actuator must not alter the reading of the actuator. switching state.
Afin de pouvoir mettre en œuvre la méthode selon l'invention, il sera également prévu de proposer un dispositif de contrôle dynamique du réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire d' au moins un système de commutation électrique intégré à un équipement d'automatisme de véhicule guidé et pilotant au moins un actuateur.In order to be able to implement the method according to the invention, provision will also be made to provide a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state of at least one electrical switching system integrated with automation equipment. vehicle guided and driving at least one actuator.
Dans ce but, un dispositif et une méthode sont proposés par le contenu des revendications 1 et 10.For this purpose, a device and a method are provided by the contents of claims 1 and 10.
A partir d'une méthode de contrôle dynamique du réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire (ouvert ou fermé) d'au moins un système de commutation électrique intégré à un équipement d'automatisme lié au domaine des véhicules guidés, Ie- dit système de commutation pilotant au moins un actuateur au moyen d'un circuit de pilotage fournissant une alimentation électrique à l'actuateur au moyen d'au moins une sortie tout ou rien (correspondant à l'état de commutation binaire), ladite méthode comportant les étapes suivantes : - une transmission d'une commande d'état d'un module de commande au système de commutation électrique,From a dynamic control method for the secure setting of a binary switching state (open or closed) of at least one electrical switching system integrated with automation equipment related to the field of guided vehicles, Ie-dit switching system controlling at least one actuator by means of a control circuit providing power supply to the actuator by means of at least one digital output (corresponding to the binary switching state), said method comprising the following steps: - a transmission of a status command from a control module to the electrical switching system,
- une exécution de ladite commande d' état par le système de commutation électrique,an execution of said state control by the electrical switching system,
- une transmission d'un signal de contrôle au module de contrôle après lecture de l'état de commutation du sys- tème de commutation électrique, ledit signal de contrôle étant relatif à l'état de commutation lu, la méthode selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce que ladite lecture est effectuée en aval du système de commutation sur un signal extrait du circuit de pilotage, ledit signal indiquant si le circuit de pilotage est en mode soit actif (i.e. fermé), soit inactif (i.e. ouvert).a transmission of a control signal to the control module after reading the switching state of the system; electrical switching system, said control signal being relative to the switching state read, the method according to the invention is characterized in that said reading is performed downstream of the switching system on a signal extracted from the control circuit, said signal indicating whether the control circuit is in either active (ie closed) or inactive (ie open) mode.
En particulier, la méthode selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce que la lecture est effectuée par couplage du circuit de pilotage avec au moins un transformateur en guise de composant d'isolation. Le transformateur peut avantageusement être miniaturisé afin d'occuper un espace faible dans l'équipement d'automatisme et de plus, il est garant d'une bonne isolation électrique permettant de ne pas perturber le fonctionnement de l'actuateur et de ne pas altérer les caractéristiques électriques de la sortie tout ou rien.In particular, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the reading is performed by coupling the control circuit with at least one transformer as an isolation component. The transformer can advantageously be miniaturized in order to occupy a small space in the automation equipment and moreover, it guarantees a good electrical insulation so as not to disturb the operation of the actuator and not to alter the electrical characteristics of the all or nothing output.
Egalement, le transformateur peut avantageusement fournir une alimentation électrique permettant une lecture par optocou- plage au circuit de pilotage. En particulier, l' optocouplage a lieu uniquement lorsque le système de commutation est fermé, permettant ainsi la transmission au module de contrôle d'un signal de contrôle corrélé à l'état fermé du système de commutation. Inversement, lorsque le système de commutation est ouvert, l' optocouplage n'a pas lieu, permettant la transmission d'un signal de lecture corrélé à l'état ouvert du système de commutation. L' optocouplage garantit ainsi la transmission de deux signaux de contrôle différents suivant que le système de commutation est ouvert ou fermé. La caractéristique binaire de l'état du système de commutation est ainsi retranscrite dans le signal de contrôle via 1' optocouplage . La méthode selon l'invention est en outre caractérisée en ce que la lecture est effectuée par mesure de courant ou mesure d'impédance via le transformateur. Avantageusement, la lecture et l'isolation électrique sont effectuées par un unique composant, le transformateur, permettant non seulement une économie de place, mais aussi de coût.Also, the transformer may advantageously provide a power supply allowing an optocoupling reading to the control circuit. In particular, the optocoupling takes place only when the switching system is closed, thus allowing the transmission of a control signal correlated to the closed state of the switching system to the control module. Conversely, when the switching system is open, the optocoupling does not take place, allowing the transmission of a read signal correlated to the open state of the switching system. The optocoupling thus guarantees the transmission of two different control signals depending on whether the switching system is open or closed. The binary characteristic of the state of the switching system is thus retranscribed in the control signal via the optocoupling. The method according to the invention is further characterized in that the reading is performed by current measurement or impedance measurement via the transformer. Advantageously, the reading and the electrical insulation are performed by a single component, the transformer, which not only saves space, but also costs.
La méthode selon l'invention est aussi caractérisée en particulier en ce que ledit module de contrôle est apte à comparer l'état commandé à l'état lu et à signaler une divergence entre l'état lu et l'état commandé, ladite divergence étant la caractéristique d'une panne probable. De plus, ladite divergence peut être avantageusement communiquée en temps réel au moyen d'un signal d'alerte à un poste de maintenance compre- nant une équipe de maintenance prête à intervenir à l'emplacement de ladite divergence afin d'y remédier. Ledit signal d' alerte est spécifique au module de contrôle duquel il provient, permettant ainsi une localisation rapide et facile de l'emplacement de la divergence.The method according to the invention is also characterized in particular by the fact that said control module is able to compare the controlled state with the read state and to signal a divergence between the read state and the commanded state, said divergence being the characteristic of a probable failure. In addition, said divergence can be advantageously communicated in real time by means of an alert signal to a maintenance station comprising a maintenance team ready to intervene at the location of said divergence in order to remedy it. The alert signal is specific to the control module from which it originates, thus allowing a quick and easy location of the location of the divergence.
En particulier, la méthode selon l'invention est caractérisée en- ce qu'au moins une desdites transmissions (transmission d'une commande ou transmission d'un signal de contrôle) est effectuée par une liaison à distance. L'avantage sous-jacent est un contrôle à distance du système de commutation électrique et/ou une transmission à distance de l'état de commutation du système de commutation. Il peut s'agir par exemple du contrôle à distance par un train de l'aiguillage correct d'une voie, mais également, une transmission à distance d'une information concernant l'ouverture/fermeture de portes, la transmission de ladite information pouvant être liée par exemple à une condition de mise en marche de véhicule. Dans le même cadre, une commande à distance des modules de commande et de contrôle permet un échange d' information concer- nant l'état de commutation du système de commutation. En par- ticulier, l'état de commutation du système de commutation peut être commandé à distance via le module de commande. Dans ce cas, le module de commande reçoit, par un moyen de communication à distance, une information ou un ordre concernant un état à commander, puis il transmet une commande d'état, relative à l'ordre ou l'information reçue, au système de commutation. Finalement, l'état réellement exécuté par le système de commutation électrique peut être connu à distance via le module de contrôle qui transmet une information relative à l'état de commutation lu au moyen d'une liaison à distance.In particular, the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of said transmissions (transmission of a command or transmission of a control signal) is performed by a remote link. The underlying advantage is remote control of the electrical switching system and / or remote transmission of the switching state of the switching system. This may be for example the remote control by a train of the correct routing of a channel, but also, a remote transmission of information concerning the opening / closing of doors, the transmission of said information can for example, to be linked to a vehicle start-up condition. In the same context, a remote control of the control and control modules makes it possible to exchange information concerning the switching state of the switching system. In by- In particular, the switching state of the switching system can be controlled remotely via the control module. In this case, the control module receives, by a remote communication means, information or an order concerning a state to be controlled, and then transmits a status command, relating to the order or the information received, to the switching system. Finally, the state actually executed by the electrical switching system can be known remotely via the control module which transmits information relating to the switched switching state by means of a remote link.
A partir d'un dispositif de contrôle dynamique du réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire d'au moins un système de commutation électrique intégré à un équipement d'automatisme lié au domaine des véhicules guidés, ledit système de commutation pilotant au moins un actuateur au moyen d'un circuit de pilotage fournissant une alimentation élec- .trique à l' actuateur au moyen d'au moins une sortie tout ou rien (correspondant à l'état de commutation binaire), ledit dispositif comprenant :From a dynamic control device for the secure setting of a binary switching state of at least one electrical switching system integrated with automation equipment related to the field of guided vehicles, said switching system controlling at least one actuator by means of a control circuit providing an electrical supply to the actuator by means of at least one digital output (corresponding to the binary switching state), said device comprising:
- un module de commande commandant l'état du système de commutation électrique,a control module controlling the state of the electrical switching system,
- un dispositif de lecture apte à lire l'état de commuta- tion du système de commutation électrique, et à transmettre à un module de contrôle un signal de contrôle relatif à l'état de commutation lu, le dispositif selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif de lecture est disposé en aval du système de commutation électrique et est couplé au circuit de pilotage de l' actuateur.a reading device able to read the switching state of the electrical switching system, and to transmit to a control module a control signal relating to the switched switching state, the device according to the invention is characterized in that said reading device is arranged downstream of the electrical switching system and is coupled to the control circuit of the actuator.
En particulier, le dispositif selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de lecture comporte au moins un transformateur en guise de composant d'isolation couplé au circuit de pilotage. En effet, le transformateur permet un couplage libre de contacts galvaniques entre une électronique faisant partie du dispositif de lecture et une électronique faisant partie du circuit de pilotage de l'actuateur. De plus, le transformateur pouvant être avantageusement miniaturisé, la place prise par le dispositif de lecture dans l'équipement d'automatisme est faible.In particular, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the reading device comprises at least one transformer as an isolation component coupled to the pilot circuit. Indeed, the transformer allows a free coupling of galvanic contacts between an electronics part of the reading device and an electronic part of the control circuit of the actuator. In addition, the transformer can be advantageously miniaturized, the place taken by the reading device in the automation equipment is low.
En outre, le dispositif selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de lecture comporte un optocoupleur alimenté par ledit transformateur. L' optocoupleur permet de transmettre un signal différent suivant que le système de commutation est dans un état fermé ou ouvert. Le dispositif de lecture transmettra ainsi un signal de contrôle corrélé à la caractéristique binaire de l'état du système de commutation. Un autre avantage de l'utilisation d'un optocoupleur est de pouvoir isoler, d'un point de vue galvanique, une électronique liée au dispositif de lecture d'une électronique liée au circuit de pilotage.In addition, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the reading device comprises an optocoupler powered by said transformer. The optocoupler makes it possible to transmit a different signal depending on whether the switching system is in a closed or open state. The reading device will thus transmit a control signal correlated to the binary characteristic of the state of the switching system. Another advantage of using an optocoupler is to be able to isolate, from a galvanic point of view, an electronics linked to the reading device of an electronics linked to the control circuit.
Dans ce cadre, le transformateur peut être avantageusement utilisé afin de délivrer un signal adapté à la lecture de l'état de commutation par mesure de courant ou par mesure d'impédance. Dans ce cas, le transformateur est non seulement utilisé comme isolant galvanique, mais aussi comme lecteur de l'état de commutation, garantissant, par sa double fonction de composant isolant et de composant de lecture, un faible encombrement de l'équipement d'automatisme.In this context, the transformer can be advantageously used to deliver a signal adapted to the reading of the switching state by current measurement or by impedance measurement. In this case, the transformer is not only used as a galvanic insulator, but also as a switch state reader, ensuring, by its dual function of insulating component and reading component, a small space requirement of the automation equipment .
Egalement, le dispositif selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le module de contrôle comprend un comparateur d'état comparant l'état commandé à l'état lu apte à signaler et transmettre une information relative à une divergence entre l'état commandé et l'état lu. Cette comparaison entre l'état commandé et l'état réellement exécuté (i.e. l'état lu) permet de vérifier simplement et rapidement si le système de commutation se trouve dans l'état commandé afin de détecter une panne du système de commutation synonyme de divergence entre l'état lu et l'état commandé. Avantageusement, si le module de contrôle comporte un circuit intelligent, tel que, par exemple et de manière non-exhaustive, un microprocesseur, un composant FPGA (i.e. un réseau de portes programmables in- situ ou Field-Programmable Gâte Array en anglais) , ou encore un circuit ASIC (i.e. un circuit intégré spécialisé ou Appli- cation-Specific Integrated Circuit en anglais) , il est ensuite possible de réaliser un multiplexage des signaux sortant de plusieurs (au moins deux) dispositifs de lecture et d'avoir un seul comparateur, cela afin de gagner de la place et de permettre un faible encombrement en réduisant le nombre de comparateurs. De plus, le module de contrôle est apte à signaler ladite divergence afin qu'une maintenance de l'équipement d'automatisme soit facilitée et rapidement réalisable du fait d'une localisation de la panne par une identification du système de commutation défaillant. En particu- lier, le module de commande et/ou le module de contrôle comprennent un dispositif apte à transmettre et recevoir à distance des données relatives à l'état de commutation du système de commutation. Ainsi, l'état de commutation peut être commandé à distance via le module de commande, puis l'état réellement exécuté, i.e. l'état lu, peut être transmis à distance à un poste de contrôle. Par exemple, un train peut commander à distance l'aiguillage d'une voie, puis recevoir en retour une information confirmant ou infirmant l'aiguillage commandé. Avantageusement, dans le cas de l' infirmation, une nouvelle voie peut être choisie à temps afin d'éviter l'aiguillage problématique et ainsi garantir la bonne marche du véhicule. Des exemples de réalisation et d'application sont fournis à l'aide des figures suivantes :Also, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the control module comprises a state comparator comparing the state controlled to read state able to signal and transmit information relating to a divergence between the commanded state and the read status. This comparison between the commanded state and the actually executed state (ie the read state) allows simple and rapid verification of whether the switching system is in the commanded state to detect a failure of the switching system that is synonymous with a discrepancy between the read status and the commanded state. Advantageously, if the control module comprises an intelligent circuit, such as, for example and non-exhaustively, a microprocessor, an FPGA component (ie an array of programmable gates In situ or Field Programmable Gate Array in English), or else an ASIC (ie a specialized integrated circuit or Application-Specific Integrated Circuit in English), it is then possible to multiplex the signals coming out of several (at least two) reading devices and to have a single comparator, this to save space and allow a small footprint by reducing the number of comparators. In addition, the control module is able to signal said divergence so that maintenance of the automation equipment is facilitated and quickly achievable due to a location of the fault by an identification of the faulty switching system. In particular, the control module and / or the control module comprise a device capable of remotely transmitting and receiving data relating to the switching state of the switching system. Thus, the switching state can be controlled remotely via the control module, and then the actually executed state, ie the read state, can be transmitted remotely to a control station. For example, a train can remotely control the switch of a track, and then receive feedback confirming or reversing the commanded switch. Advantageously, in the case of the reversal, a new lane can be chosen in time in order to avoid the problematic routing and thus guarantee the smooth running of the vehicle. Exemplary embodiments and applications are provided using the following figures:
Figure 1 exemple de réalisation de dispositif de contrôle dynamique du réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire,FIG. 1 embodiment of a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state,
Figure 2 exemple de réalisation de dispositif de contrôle dynamique du réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire par lecture dudit état via un optocoupleur,FIG. 2 exemplary embodiment of a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state by reading said state via an optocoupler,
Figure 3 exemple de réalisation de dispositif de contrôle dynamique du réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire par lecture dudit état via une mesure de courant,FIG. 3 exemplary embodiment of a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state by reading said state via a current measurement,
Figure 4 exemple de réalisation de dispositif de contrôle dynamique du réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire par lecture dudit état via une mesure d'impédance.FIG. 4 embodiment of a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state by reading said state via an impedance measurement.
A titre d'exemple, la figure 1 montre un dispositif de contrôle dynamique du réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire d'au moins un système de commutation (12) électrique intégré à un équipement d'automatisme (1), ledit système de commutation (12) pilotant au moins un actuateur (2) au moyen d'un circuit de pilotage (13) . Le dispositif compre- nant:By way of example, FIG. 1 shows a device for dynamically controlling the secure setting of a binary switching state of at least one electrical switching system (12) integrated with automation equipment (1), said system switching device (12) controlling at least one actuator (2) by means of a control circuit (13). The device comprising:
- un module de commande (lia) commandant l'état du système de commutation électrique, en particulier au moyen d'une commande d'état (15),a control module (11a) controlling the state of the electrical switching system, in particular by means of a state control (15),
- un dispositif de lecture (14) apte à lire l'état de commutation du système de commutation (12) électrique, et à transmettre à un module de contrôle (Hb) un signal de contrôle (Sc) relatif à l'état de commutation lu, est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de lecture (14) est disposé en aval du système de commutation (12) électrique et est couplé au circuit de pilotage (13) de l'actuateur (2) . En particulier, ledit couplage permettant la lecture (16) peut comporter au moins un transformateur en tant que composant d' isolation et un optocoupleur en tant que composant de lec- ture, ou aussi, dans une autre variante, ledit transformateur peut agir en tant que composant d'isolation et de lecture, cumulant ainsi deux fonctions. De plus, un signal de pilotage (Sp) est transmis par le système de commutation (12) électrique à l'actuateur (2) en passant par ledit circuit de pilo- tage (13) , ledit circuit de pilotage étant apte à configurer le signal de pilotage (Sp) en fonction des caractéristiques (électriques) de l'actuateur (2). Egalement, les caractéristiques du module de commande (lia) et du module de contrôle (Hb) peuvent être regroupées en un unique module de réglage sécurisé (11) apte à contrôler et commander le réglage du système de commutation et l'actuateur, en particulier, au moyen de liaisons à distance.a reading device (14) capable of reading the switching state of the electrical switching system (12), and transmitting to a control module (Hb) a control signal (Sc) relating to the switching state read, is characterized in that the reading device (14) is arranged downstream of the switching system (12) electrical and is coupled to the control circuit (13) of the actuator (2). In particular, said read-out coupling (16) may comprise at least one transformer as an isolation component and an optocoupler as a readout component, or alternatively, in another variant, said transformer may act as a as isolation and reading component, thus combining two functions. In addition, a control signal (Sp) is transmitted by the electrical switching system (12) to the actuator (2) via said piloting circuit (13), said control circuit being able to configure the control signal (Sp) according to the (electrical) characteristics of the actuator (2). Also, the characteristics of the control module (11a) and the control module (Hb) can be grouped into a single secure adjustment module (11) able to control and control the adjustment of the switching system and the actuator, in particular , by means of remote links.
Les figures 2 à 4 sont des modes de réalisations détaillées selon la figure 1. Elles présentent respectivement une lecture de l'état de commutation via un octocouplage, via une mesure de courant et via une mesure d'impédance.Figures 2 to 4 are detailed embodiments according to Figure 1. They respectively show a reading of the switching state via an octocoupling, via a current measurement and via an impedance measurement.
En particulier, la figure 2 présente un actuateur (2a) piloté au moyen d'un circuit de pilotage (13a) par un système de commutation (12a) électrique qui reçoit une commande d'état (15) de la part d'un module de réglage sécurisé (11). Un signal de contrôle (Sc), contenant une information sur l'état réellement exécuté, est transmis au module • de réglage sécuri- sé (11) par un dispositif de lecture (14a) qui effectue une lecture par octocoupleur (DQ) de l'état du système de commutation. Le dispositif de lecture (14a) est lui-même configuré et contrôlé par un signal de commande (St) provenant du mo- dule de réglage sécurisé (11), en particulier, le signal de commande (ST) alimente un transformateur (Tl) du dispositif de lecture (14). L' octocoupleur (DQ) comprend en particulier au moins une diode électroluminescente et un phototransistor. Le dispositif de lecture (14a) comprend entre autre le trans- formateur (Tl) couplé à un pont de diodes (Dl, D2, D3, D4, D7) alimentant en tension (Vi, OVi) au travers d'une résistance (Rl) la diode électroluminescente de l'octocoupleur (DQ) . Lorsque le système de commutation- (12a) est fermé, la diode électroluminescente de l'octocoupleur (DQ) est alimen- tée par la tension isolée (Vi) à travers la résistance (Rl) : le phototransistor de l'octocoupleur (DQ) est conducteur. Au contraire, lorsque le système de commutation (12a) est ouvert, le courant dans la diode électroluminescente de l'octocoupleur (DQ) est nul : le phototransistor de l'octocoupleur (DQ) est bloqué. Cet état binaire (conducteur, bloqué) du phototransistor permet la transmission au module de réglage sécurisé d'un signal de contrôle (Sc) caractérisé par deux états différents (i.e. correspondant à l'état conducteur ou bloqué du phototransistor) permettant la véri- fication de l'état de commutation du système de commutation (12a). De plus, l'équipement d'automatisme (1) peux piloter plusieurs actuateurs (2) en utilisant une technique de multiplexage: une famille (la) formée d'un système de commutation (12a), d'un circuit de pilotage (13a) et d'un dispositif de lecture (14a) pilote un premier actuateur (2a), et une autre famille (Ib), formée d'un système de commutation (12b), d'un circuit de pilotage (13b) et d'un dispositif de lecture (14b) pilote un second actuateur (2b) . Si n est le nombre d' actuateurs, alors n familles piloteront chacune au moins un actuateur. Egalement, une technique de redondance pour la- quelle plusieurs familles, i.e. deux familles ou plus, peuvent commander un même ou, au moins un même, actuateur permet avantageusement une sécurisation du système de .commutation. Bien que le nombre de familles ne soit pas restreint en quan- tité, elles restent néanmoins commandées et contrôlées par un .unique module de réglage sécurisé (11). Concrètement, pour réaliser ce multiplexage, les signaux de commande (St) et de contrôle (Sc) de chaque famille sont couplés les uns aux autres de sorte que les signaux de commande (St) comman- dent/alimentent à tour de rôle les transformateurs (Tl) des dispositifs de lecture. Ainsi, pour n actuateurs, le module de réglage sécurisé (11) génère dans un premier temps un premier signal de commande (St) qui génère un signal sur le transformateur Tl du dispositif de lecture (14a) de la fa- mille (la) et en retour, le module de réglage sécurisé (11) reçoit un premier signal de contrôle (Sc) provenant du dispositif de lecture (14a) . Puis, dans un deuxième temps, le module sécurisé (11) génère un deuxième signal de commande (St) qui génère un signal sur le transformateur Tl du dispositif de lecture (14b) de la famille (Ib) et en retour, le module de réglage sécurisé (11) reçoit un deuxième signal de contrôle (Sc) provenant du dispositif de lecture (14b) . Les actuateurs sont ainsi pilotés et les relais contrôlés itéra- tivement les uns après les autres, familles (14a) jusqu'à (14n) de manière continue ou discontinue. Finalement, un autre avantage de ce dispositif est que la manipulation de contacts normalement ouverts (NO) ou normalement fermés (NF) extérieurs à l'équipement d'automatisme (1), mais faisant partie par exemple des actuateurs (2) , ne provoque pas d'erreurs sur la lecture de l'état du système de commutation.In particular, FIG. 2 shows an actuator (2a) controlled by means of a control circuit (13a) by an electrical switching system (12a) which receives a status command (15) from a module secure setting (11). A control signal (Sc), containing information on the state actually executed, is transmitted to the security adjustment module. se (11) by a reading device (14a) which performs an octocoupler (DQ) reading of the state of the switching system. The reading device (14a) is itself configured and controlled by a control signal (St) from the secure control module (11), in particular the control signal (ST) supplies a transformer (T1). of the reading device (14). The octocoupler (DQ) comprises in particular at least one light emitting diode and a phototransistor. The reading device (14a) comprises, among other things, the transformer (Tl) coupled to a diode bridge (D1, D2, D3, D4, D7) supplying voltage (Vi, OVi) through a resistor (R1). ) the light emitting diode of the octocoupler (DQ). When the switching system (12a) is closed, the light-emitting diode of the octocoupler (DQ) is fed by the isolated voltage (Vi) through the resistor (R1): the photocoupler of the octocoupler (DQ) is conductive. On the contrary, when the switching system (12a) is open, the current in the light-emitting diode of the octocoupler (DQ) is zero: the phototransistor of the octocoupler (DQ) is blocked. This binary (conductive, blocked) state of the phototransistor enables the transmission to the secure control module of a control signal (Sc) characterized by two different states (ie corresponding to the conductive or blocked state of the phototransistor) for verifying the switching state of the switching system (12a). In addition, the automation equipment (1) can drive several actuators (2) using a multiplexing technique: a family (la) formed of a switching system (12a), a control circuit (13a). ) and a reading device (14a) controls a first actuator (2a), and another family (Ib), formed of a switching system (12b), a control circuit (13b) and a a reading device (14b) drives a second actuator (2b). If n is the number of actuators, then n families will each drive at least one actuator. Also, a redundancy technique for which several families, ie two or more families, can command the same or, at least one, actuator advantageously allows a securing of the switching system. Although the number of families is not restricted in quantity, they are nevertheless controlled and controlled by a single secure adjustment module (11). Specifically, to perform this multiplexing, the control (St) and control (Sc) signals of each family are coupled to each other so that the control signals (St) control / feed the transformers in turn. (Tl) reading devices. Thus, for n actuators, the secure control module (11) first generates a first control signal (St) which generates a signal on the transformer T1 of the reading device (14a) of the family (la). and in return, the secure adjustment module (11) receives a first control signal (Sc) from the reading device (14a). Then, in a second step, the secure module (11) generates a second control signal (St) which generates a signal on the transformer T1 of the reading device (14b) of the family (Ib) and in return, the module of secure setting (11) receives a second control signal (Sc) from the reading device (14b). The actuators are thus controlled and the relays controlled one after the other, families (14a) up to (14n) continuously or discontinuously. Finally, another advantage of this device is that the manipulation of normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC) contacts outside the automation equipment (1), but belonging for example to the actuators (2), does not cause no errors in reading the state of the switching system.
Un autre exemple de réalisation selon la figure 1 est donné par la figure 3, caractérisée en ce que la lecture de l'état du système de commutation (12) électrique s'effectue par une mesure de courant via le transformateur (Tl) appartenant au dispositif de lecture (14) . Le dispositif de lecture (14) de la figure 3 est d'une part contrôlé par le module de réglage sécurisé via un signal de contrôle/commande (St) et, d'autre part, à la différence de la figure 2, il comprend entre autre des résistances (Rl, R2), des diodes (Dl, D2, D3) , une capacité (Cl) et un transformateur (Tl) permettant d'effectuer la lecture de l'état de commutation du système de commutation (12) par une mesure de courant sur le circuit de pilotage (13) . En particulier, la mesure de courant a des valeurs dif- férentes suivant l'état ouvert ou fermé du système de commutation électrique. Cette différence dans la valeur des mesures de courant permet la transmission d'un signal de contrôle (Sca) corrélé à l'état ouvert ou fermé du système de commutation (12) . Ce signal de contrôle (Sca) est transmis par le dispositif de lecture (14) à un comparateur d'état (111) faisant partie du module de réglage sécurisé (11) . Le comparateur d'état (111) compare le signal de contrôle (Sca) à un signal de référence, ladite comparaison permettant de déduire si l'état commandé correspond à l'état lu. En cas de diver- gence entre l'état commandé et l'état lu, le module de réglage sécurisé est apte à transmettre (à distance) à une équipe de maintenance un signal d' alerte permettant de localiser et de définir la défaillance de l'équipement d'automatisme. Finalement, similairement à la figure 2, l'équipement d'automatisme (1) peux piloter en particulier plusieurs .actuateurs (2) en utilisant une technique de multiplexage: une famille (la) formée d'un système de commutation (12), d'un circuit de pilotage (13) et d'un dispositif de lecture (14) pilotant un premier actuateur (2a) est connectée au module de réglage sécurisé (11) en parallèle à une deuxième famille (Ib) identique à la famille (la) et pilotant un deuxième actuateur (2a) . Alors que la famille (la) permet la transmission d'un signal de contrôle (Sca) au comparateur (111), la famille (Ib) permet la transmission d'un deuxième signal de contrôle (Scb) au même comparateur (111) . Le nombre de famille n'étant pas limité, le comparateur (111) permet de comparer chaque signal de contrôle (Sca, Scb, ..., ScX) audit signal de référence, et d'en déduire ainsi l'état réellement exécuté par le "système de commutation électrique. En particu- lier, le comparateur (111) peut comparer les signaux de contrôle de manière itérative (les uns après les autres) grâce à une commande d' état itérative envoyée aux différents systèmes de commutation électrique par le module de réglage sécurisé. Egalement, le comparateur d'état est apte à traiter la comparaison des différents signaux de contrôle avec un signal de référence de manière simultanée, permettant avantageusement une lecture plus rapide de l'état de commutation des systèmes de commutation électrique.Another embodiment according to FIG. 1 is given in FIG. 3, characterized in that the state of the electrical switching system (12) is read by a current measurement via the transformer (Tl) belonging to the reading device (14). The reading device (14) of FIG. 3 is on the one hand controlled by the secure control module via a control / command signal (St) and, on the other hand, unlike FIG. 2, it comprises inter alia resistors (R1, R2), diodes (D1, D2, D3), capacitance (C1) and transformer (T1) for reading the switching state of the switching system (12) by measuring current on the control circuit (13). In particular, the current measurement has different values depending on the open or closed state of the electrical switching system. This difference in the value of the current measurements allows the transmission of a control signal (Sca) correlated to the open or closed state of the switching system (12). This control signal (Sca) is transmitted by the reading device (14) to a state comparator (111) forming part of the secure control module (11). The status comparator (111) compares the control signal (Sca) with a reference signal, which comparison makes it possible to deduce whether the controlled state corresponds to the read state. In the event of a discrepancy between the commanded state and the read status, the secure adjustment module is able to transmit (remotely) to a maintenance team an alert signal making it possible to locate and define the failure of the command. automation equipment. Finally, similarly to FIG. 2, the automation equipment (1) can control several actuators (2) in particular by using a multiplexing technique: a family (1a) formed of a switching system (12), a driving circuit (13) and a reading device (14) driving a first actuator (2a) is connected to the secure adjustment module (11) in parallel with a second family (Ib) identical to the family ( la) and driving a second actuator (2a). While the family (1a) allows the transmission of a control signal (Sca) to the comparator (111), the family (Ib) allows the transmission of a second control signal (Scb) to the same comparator (111). The number Since the family of comparisons is not limited, the comparator (111) makes it possible to compare each control signal (Sca, Scb, ..., ScX) with said reference signal, and thus to deduce the state actually executed by the " In particular, the comparator (111) can compare the control signals iteratively (one after another) by means of iterative state control sent to the different electrical switching systems by the control module. Also, the state comparator is able to process the comparison of the different control signals with a reference signal simultaneously, advantageously allowing a faster reading of the switching state of the electrical switching systems.
Un autre exemple de réalisation selon la figure 1 est donné par la figure 4. La figure 4 est identique à la figure 3 et comporte ainsi les mêmes caractéristiques, à la différence que le dispositif de lecture (14) permet une lecture par mesure de la variation d' impédance dans le circuit de pilotage (13) situé en aval du système de commutation (12) électrique auquel il est connecté. L'avantage de cette réalisation sur la précédente est que le dispositif ne donne pas de fausses alarmes dans le cas où le courant dans l'actuateur n'est pas celui attendu du fait d'un événement extérieur à l'équipement d'automatisme, tel que, par exemple et de manière non exhaustive, un manœuvre sur des boutons poussoirs, une panne d'un actuateur, un court-circuit ou une coupure dans un câblage du train.Another exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 is given in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is identical to FIG. 3 and thus has the same characteristics, with the difference that the reading device (14) allows reading by measurement of the impedance variation in the control circuit (13) downstream of the electrical switching system (12) to which it is connected. The advantage of this embodiment over the previous one is that the device does not give false alarms in the case where the current in the actuator is not that expected due to an event outside the automation equipment, such as, for example and non-exhaustively, a maneuver on push buttons, a failure of an actuator, a short circuit or a cut in a wiring train.
En résumé, la méthode et le dispositif selon l'invention présentent plusieurs avantages par rapport aux méthodes et dispositifs existant en ce que: - • ils améliorent la fiabilité du contrôle du fonctionnement des équipements d'automatisme et permettent une détection rapide, localisée et sécurisée des pannes,In summary, the method and the device according to the invention have several advantages over existing methods and devices in that: - They improve the reliability of the control of the operation of the automation equipment and allow a fast, localized and secure detection of faults,
- ils sécurisent le système de commutation en permettant par exemple de vérifier itérativement ou simultanément une redondance de l'équipement d'automatisme, tel que, par exemple, la sécurisation de familles (la, Ib, ...) identiques commandées et contrôlées par le même module de réglage sécurisé (11) , - ils améliorent la maintenabilité de l'équipement d'automatisme en permettant de transmettre en temps réel une information précise de panne jusqu'à une équipe de maintenance,- They secure the switching system by allowing for example to check iteratively or simultaneously a redundancy of the automation equipment, such as, for example, the securing families (la, Ib, ...) identical controlled and controlled by the same secure adjustment module (11), - they improve the maintainability of the automation equipment by making it possible to transmit in real time precise fault information to a maintenance team,
- ils permettent de détecter les pannes indépendamment du système de commutation électrique (relais électromécanique ou relais statique par exemple) , et en particulier, ils permettent de détecter les pannes de type collage ou coupure en aval de l' électroaimant d'un relais électromécanique, - ils permettent un faible encombrement de l'équipement d' automatisme,- They allow to detect faults independently of the electrical switching system (electromechanical relay or static relay for example), and in particular, they can detect glue or failure type faults downstream of the electromagnet of an electromechanical relay, they allow a small bulk of the automation equipment,
- ils permettent d'effectuer une lecture de l'état de commutation indépendamment de la conception électrique du système de commutation, du circuit de pilotage et de l'actuateur, et sans en altérer les caractéristiques électriques et le bon fonctionnement. - They allow a reading of the switching state independently of the electrical design of the switching system, the control circuit and the actuator, and without altering the electrical characteristics and the proper operation.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Méthode de contrôle dynamique d'un réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire d' au moins un système de commutation (12) électrique intégré à un équipement d'automatisme (1) lié au domaine des véhicules guidés, ledit système de commutation (12) pilotant au moins un actuateur (2) au moyen d'un circuit de pilotage (13), ladite méthode comportant les étapes suivantes : - une transmission d'une commande d'état (15) d'un module de commande (lia) au système de commutation (12) électrique,A method of dynamically controlling a secure setting of a binary switching state of at least one electrical switching system (12) integrated with automation equipment (1) related to the domain of the guided vehicles, said switching (12) controlling at least one actuator (2) by means of a control circuit (13), said method comprising the following steps: - a transmission of a status command (15) of a control module (11a) to the electrical switching system (12),
- une exécution de ladite commande d'état (15) par le système de commutation électrique (12) , - une transmission d'un signal de contrôle (Sc) au module de contrôle (llb) après lecture (16) de l'état de commutation du système de commutation (12) électrique, ledit signal de contrôle (Sc) étant relatif à l'état de commutation lu, caractérisée en ce que- an execution of said state command (15) by the electrical switching system (12), - a transmission of a control signal (Sc) to the control module (11b) after reading (16) of the state for switching the electrical switching system (12), said control signal (Sc) being relative to the switched switching state, characterized in that
- ladite lecture (16) est effectuée en aval du système de commutation (12) sur un signal extrait du circuit de pilotage (13) , ledit signal indiquant si le circuit de pilotage est soit actif, soit inactif.said reading (16) is performed downstream of the switching system (12) on a signal extracted from the control circuit (13), said signal indicating whether the control circuit is either active or inactive.
2. Méthode selon revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la lecture est effectuée par couplage du circuit de pilotage avec au moins un transformateur en guise de composant d'isolation.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reading is performed by coupling the control circuit with at least one transformer as an isolation component.
3. Méthode selon revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la lecture est effectuée par un optocouplage alimenté par le transformateur. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the reading is performed by an optocoupling fed by the transformer.
4. Méthode selon revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la lecture est effectuée par mesure de courant via le transformateur.4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the reading is performed by current measurement via the transformer.
5. Méthode selon revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la lecture est effectuée par mesure d' impédance via le transformateur .5. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the reading is performed by impedance measurement via the transformer.
6. Méthode selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit module de contrôle est apte à comparer l'état commandé à l'état lu et à signaler une divergence entre l'état lu et l'état commandé.6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said control module is adapted to compare the controlled state to the read state and to signal a divergence between the read state and the controlled state.
7. Méthode selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une desdites transmissions est effectuée par une liaison à distance.7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of said transmissions is performed by a remote connection.
8. Méthode selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le module de commande est commandé à distance et reçoit une information concernant l'état de commutation commandé au moyen d'une liaison à distance.8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the control module is remotely controlled and receives information about the switching state controlled by means of a remote link.
9. Méthode selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le module de contrôle est commandé à distance et transmet une information relative à l'état de commutation lu au moyen d'une liaison à distance.9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the control module is remotely controlled and transmits information relating to the switching state read by means of a remote connection.
10. Dispositif de contrôle dynamique d'un réglage sécurisé d'un état de commutation binaire d'au moins un système de commutation (12) électrique intégré à un équipement d'automatisme (1) lié au domaine des véhicules guidés, ledit système de commutation (12) pilotant au moins un actuateur (2) au moyen d'un circuit de pilotage (13), ledit dispositif comprenant : - un module de commande (lia) commandant l'état du système de commutation électrique,10. Device for dynamically controlling a secure setting of a binary switching state of at least one electrical switching system (12) integrated with automation equipment (1) related to the domain of the guided vehicles, said system of switching (12) driving at least one actuator (2) by means of a control circuit (13), said device comprising: a control module (11a) controlling the state of the electrical switching system,
- un dispositif de lecture (14) apte à lire l'état de commutation du système de commutation (12) électri- que, et à transmettre à un module de contrôle (llb) un signal de contrôle (Sc) relatif à l'état de commutation lu, caractérisé en ce quea reading device (14) able to read the switching state of the electrical switching system (12) and to transmit to a control module (11b) a control signal (Sc) relating to the state switched over, characterized in that
- ledit dispositif de lecture (14) est disposé en aval du système de commutation (12) électrique et est couplé au circuit de pilotage (13) de l'actuateur (2).- The reading device (14) is disposed downstream of the electrical switching system (12) and is coupled to the control circuit (13) of the actuator (2).
11. Dispositif selon revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de lecture (14) comporte au moins un transformateur en guise de composant d'isolation couplé au circuit de pilotage.11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the reading device (14) comprises at least one transformer as an isolation component coupled to the control circuit.
12. Dispositif selon revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de lecture (14) comporte un optocoupleur alimenté par ledit transformateur.12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the reading device (14) comprises an optocoupler powered by said transformer.
13. Dispositif selon revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que ledit transformateur délivre un signal adapté à la lecture d'état par mesure de courant.13. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that said transformer delivers a signal adapted to the state reading by current measurement.
14. Dispositif selon revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que ledit transformateur délivre un signal adapté à la lecture d'état par mesure d'impédance.14. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that said transformer delivers a signal adapted to the state reading by impedance measurement.
15. Dispositif selon une des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce que ledit module de contrôle (Hb) comprend un comparateur d' état apte à signaler et transmettre une information relative à une divergence entre l'état commandé et l'état lu. 15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that said control module (Hb) comprises a state comparator adapted to signal and transmit information relating to a divergence between the controlled state and the read state.
16. Dispositif selon une des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le module de commande (lia) et/ou le module de contrôle (Hb) comprennent un dispositif apte à transmettre et recevoir à distance des données relatives à l'état de commutation du système de commutation. Device according to one of Claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the control module (11a) and / or the control module (Hb) comprise a device able to remotely transmit and receive data relating to the state of the device. commutation of the switching system.
EP08875635A 2008-12-16 2008-12-16 Method and device for controlling the adjustment of a switching state of an electric switching system in the field of guided vehicles Withdrawn EP2368162A1 (en)

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WO2010070209A1 (en) 2010-06-24
KR20110103426A (en) 2011-09-20
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US20110260552A1 (en) 2011-10-27
CA2746969A1 (en) 2010-06-24

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