EP2365113B1 - Inlet carriage of a cross layer with grooved web reversal roller - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to the manufacture of nonwovens in the textile field, and relates to an improvement made to a mobile spreader-entry input carriage and a crosslapper equipped with said improved carriage.

Prior art

In a known type of crosslapper, described in particular in European patent applications EP 0 517 563 , EP 1 367 166 and EP 1 163 383 the spreader-spreader comprises a movable reciprocating input carriage in which a fiber textile web is guided on a first carpet, said front carpet, making a U-turn to start in the opposite direction, and a second carpet , said rear carpet, comes to take the veil after turning and pinch against the carpet before. The veil is thus returned in this input carriage during its transfer to the rear carpet.

The length of the nip between the front mat and the rear mat can be changed by moving the input carriage back and forth. This makes it possible to absorb the gap between the continuous arrival of the web on the front carpet and the unwinding of the web from a moving output carriage back and forth over a perpendicular receiving deck moving in continuous and on which is formed the web constituted by the folded web.

A widely known disadvantage of this configuration stems from the fact that, when the veil reverses, it undergoes a centrifugal force with the consequence that it has a tendency to separate from the carpet, which subsequently affects the homogeneity of the formed ply. . The web is also subject to its own inertia due to its transport speed relative to the carriage. In a crosslapper, the reversal of the web in the entrance carriage is therefore one of the critical moments when the web may peel off and become deformed.

Reducing the speed of the crosslapper according to the type sail (density and type of fibers) makes it possible to limit the floating of the sail and thus to obtain a sheet of good quality. This is unsatisfactory because for some sails, including condensed sails with a lower resistance in the direction of entry, the speeds must be very low greatly limiting the rate of production of the sheet. On the other hand, it is known that a card can produce a sail at high speed and that increasing the speed of the spreader-lapper would increase the overall production of the web.

Another solution is to stretch the web at the entry of the crosslapper by creating a speed difference between the crosslapper and the previous machine. However, this results in a stretching of the veil and therefore a loss of quality requiring a greater number of plies in the sheet.

In the European patent EP 1 367 166 it has been proposed as a solution to implement means for maintaining the web, which are permeable to air. These holding means are arranged in the curvature effecting the reversal of the web and are adapted to radially evacuate the air present in the web. Preferably, this radial air evacuation is increased by implementing a suction.

More particularly, these holding means can be made in the form of a perforated roll. Optionally, this perforated roll may comprise on its periphery longitudinal grooves or circumferential corrugations which, according to the teaching of this European patent EP 1 367 166 , have the function of forming depression chambers right of the holes of the perforated roll. In practice, the depth of these grooves or corrugations is very low, and does not exceed 3mm.

In the absence of aspiration, the solution described in the European patent EP 1 367 166 does not work correctly. In particular, when the web holding means comprise a perforated and non-aspirating cylinder, said cylinder behaves like a centrifugal pump causing high velocity detrimental detachment of the web in the turning area. Even when the non-suction perforated cylinder is associated with a plating wall, as illustrated in the variant of FIG. 15, the formation of air bubbles is observed in front of the pinch zone, which is then detrimental to the quality of the web subsequently formed by folding the web.

It is therefore in practice constrained, to obtain correct operation at high speed, to systematically implement a suction. Or the implementation of suction means in combination with a perforated cylinder significantly increases the cost of manufacture and operation of the input carriage of the crosslapper. Also, when the textile web is a multilayer condensed web, it is in practice difficult to properly maintain the upper layer of the web on the surface of the suction perforated cylinder.

Objectives of the invention

The object of the present invention is to propose another solution for improving the stability of the transport of a textile fiber fleece at the moment when it reverses in the input carriage of a crosslapper before being supported. in reverse by the rear moving belt, said solution of the invention does not require the implementation of suction means.

Summary of the invention

The invention thus relates to a moving spreader-lapper input carriage reciprocating, comprising a movable front mat, a movable rear mat associated with the front mat and turning means for returning a fiber textile veil when transferring the carpet to the rear carpet. The turning means comprise a non-suction detour roll, and a cladding wall which makes it possible to compress said textile fiber web against the detour roll in the curved portion of the detour roll where the fiber textile web performs its turn-around . Said detour roll is provided on its periphery with longitudinal grooves which define on the surface of the detour roller channels longitudinal or circumferential grooves which define circumferential channels on the surface of the diverting roller, said longitudinal or circumferential channels being adapted to contain and channel all the air which is expelled from the web during its compression between the detour roll and the veneer wall.

• la hauteur (H) des cannelures du rouleau de détour vaut au moins 12mm, et plus particulièrement encore est au moins égale à 20mm ;
• le rouleau de détour comporte au maximum 36 cannelures longitudinales équidistantes ;
• l'espacement (E) entre les sommets de deux cannelures voisines vaut au moins 16 mm ;
• l'aire (A) en section transversale de chaque canal longitudinal vaut au moins 70 mm².

Another object of the invention is a moving cross-launcher entry trolley, comprising a movable front mat, a movable rear mat associated with the front mat, and turning means for turning a textile mat of fibers when transferring the carpet to the rear carpet. The turning means comprise a non-suction detour roll, and a cladding wall which makes it possible to compress said textile fiber web against the detour roll in the curved portion of the detour roll where the fiber textile web performs its turn-around . Said detour roller is provided on its periphery with longitudinal grooves which define on the surface of the detour roller longitudinal channels, and which have at least one of the following dimensional characteristics:

• the height (H) of the grooves of the detour roller is at least 12 mm, and more particularly is at least 20 mm;
• the detour roll has a maximum of 36 equidistant longitudinal grooves;
• the spacing (E) between the vertices of two adjacent grooves is at least 16 mm;
• the area (A) in cross section of each longitudinal channel is at least 70 mm ² .

• la hauteur (H) des annelures du rouleau de détour vaut au moins 15 mm, et plus particulièrement est au moins égale à 20mm ;
• l'espacement (E) entre les sommets de deux annelures voisines vaut au moins 20 mm ;
• l'aire (A) en section transversale de chaque canal circonférentiel vaut au moins 250 mm².

Another object of the invention is a moving cross-launcher entry trolley, comprising a movable front mat, a movable rear mat associated with the front mat, and turning means for turning a textile mat of fibers when transferring the carpet to the rear carpet. The turning means comprise a non-aspirating detour roll, and a cladding wall which compresses said textile fiber web against the detour roll in the curved portion of the detour roll where the fiber fabric web performs its turn. The detour roller is provided on its periphery with circumferential corrugations which define on the surface of the detent roller circumferential channels, and which have at least one of the following dimensional characteristics:

• the height (H) of the corrugations of the detour roll is at least 15 mm, and more particularly is at least 20 mm;
• the spacing (E) between the vertices of two adjacent corrugations is at least 20 mm;
• the cross-sectional area (A) of each circumferential channel is at least 250 mm ² .

The subject of the invention is also a process for reversing a fiber textile web which is characterized in that the fiber textile web is made to turn around during its transfer between a moving front mat and a movable rear mat. associated with the front carpet, using a non-aspirating detour roll and provided on its periphery with longitudinal grooves, which define on the surface of the detour roller longitudinal channels, or circumferential corrugations, which delimit the surface of the detour roller circumferential channels, and said textile web of fibers is pressed against the detour roller by means of a veneer wall, in the curved portion of the detour roller where the fiber textile web is turned around, so that all the air that is expelled from the veil during its compression between the detour roll and the veneer wall is contained and channeled in the longitudinal or circumferential channels iels of the detour roll.

• le rouleau de détour est imperméable à l'air ;
• la paroi de placage peut être formée par une portion du tapis sans fin arrière qui épouse la courbure du rouleau de détour dans la zone de retournement du voile et qui est, en l'absence de voile, au contact du sommet des cannelures longitudinales ou annelures du rouleau de détour ;
• la paroi de placage peut également être formée par une portion d'un tapis sans fin additionnel, qui est distinct du tapis arrière, qui épouse la courbure du rouleau de détour dans la zone de retournement du voile et qui est, en l'absence de voile, au contact du sommet des cannelures longitudinales ou annelures du rouleau de détour ;
• la paroi de placage (40) est de préférence imperméable à l'air.

Whatever the embodiment variant of the detour roller (corrugated or grooved roll), the spreader-lapper entry trolley of the invention may also have one and / or the other following characteristics:

• the detour roll is impervious to air;
• the wall of veneer may be formed by a portion of the rear endless belt which matches the curvature of the detour roller in the area of turnaround of the web and which is, in the absence of a web, in contact with the top of the longitudinal grooves or corrugations detour roll;
• the veneer wall may also be formed by a portion of an additional endless carpet, which is distinct from the rear carpet, which matches the curvature of the detour roll in the area where the veil is turned and which is, in the absence of sail, in contact with the top of the longitudinal grooves or annealing of the detour roller;
• the cladding wall (40) is preferably impervious to air.

The invention also relates to a lapper-spreader in which a fiber textile web arrives continuously on a front endless belt and then enters a movable input carriage back and forth where it performs a half turn to then be taken up by an endless conveyor conveyed continuously in said carriage in a direction opposite to the direction of arrival of the front carpet, at the output of the carriage. The web is held by pinching between the two front and rear mats and then taken up by a second movable exit carriage, whose function is to spread the sail back and forth on an apron moving continuously perpendicular to the movement of the carriage of output so as to form a web consisting of offset folds. Said movable input carriage is a previously referred carriage.

Brief description of the drawings

• la figure 1 est une vue partielle en coupe en élévation illustrant un étaleur-nappeur de l'état de la technique auquel on peut appliquer la présente invention;
• la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un chariot d'entrée d'étaleur-nappeur conforme à une première variante de l'invention,
• la figure 3 est une représentation en perspective d'une première variante de réalisation d'un rouleau de détour cannelé pouvant être mis en oeuvre dans le chariot de figure 2,
• la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale du rouleau détour cannelé de la figure 3,
• la figure 5 est une représentation en perspective d'une deuxième variante de réalisation d'un rouleau de détour annelé pouvant être mis en oeuvre dans le chariot de figure 2,
• la figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du rouleau de détour annelé de la figure 5,
• la figure 7 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un chariot d'entrée d'étaleur-nappeur conforme à une deuxième variante de l'invention.

The present invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of particular embodiments, which description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

• the figure 1 is a partial view in section in elevation illustrating a crosslapper of the state of the art to which the present invention can be applied. invention;
• the figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a spreader-entry input carriage according to a first variant of the invention,
• the figure 3 is a perspective representation of a first variant embodiment of a fluted detour roll which can be implemented in the trolley of figure 2 ,
• the figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the fluted detour roll of the figure 3 ,
• the figure 5 is a perspective representation of a second variant embodiment of a corrugated detour roll which can be implemented in the trolley of figure 2 ,
• the figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the ringed detour roll of the figure 5 ,
• the figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spreader-lapper input trolley according to a second variant of the invention.

detailed description

The figure 1 shows schematically and in part an example of spreader-launcher of the state of the art in which there is a transfer of web between two solid mats. The veil 1 arrives continuously on a first endless belt 2, said front carpet, then, in a moving entrance trolley in a back and forth 3 where it performs a half-turn to be taken again by a second carpet without end 4, said rear carpet, brought continuously into said carriage 3 in a direction opposite to the direction of arrival of the front carpet 2. At the output of the carriage 3, the web 1 is pinched between the two mats 2 and 4. The veil 1, thus held by pinching in a zone P, is then taken up by a second mobile carriage called output 5, whose function is to spread the sail back and forth on an apron 6 moving continuously perpendicular to the displacement of the output carriage 5 so as to form a web consisting of offset folds. The function of the input trolley 3 is to make the continuous arrival of the web on the first mat 2 compatible with the length of the nipping zone, with the unwinding of the web to the output of the output carriage 5, the unwinding varying according to the position of the output carriage 5 and the opposite direction or no advance of the carriage 5 relative to the advancing direction of the web on the belt 2.

On the figure 1 there is shown a moving carriage 3 input according to the state of the art, wherein the front belt 2 is guided by two guide rollers 7 and 8 carried by the movable carriage 3 defining an inclined section 9 so that the sail 1 transported by this carpet then performs around the second roller 8 a turn that is less than 180 °. In the input carriage 3, the path of the rear conveyor 4 is defined by four guide rollers 10, 11, 12 and 13 carried by the input carriage 3 and arranged in such a way that pinch line 14 is formed between the guide roller 8 of the front belt 2 around which the web 1 makes its turn and one of the guide rollers (roller 11 on the figure 1 ) of the rear carpet 4 and, secondly, that the rear carpet 4 is brought near the roller 8 to resume the web 1 at its output.

On the figure 2 , there is shown a moving spreader-lapper input carriage according to the invention for replacing the carriage 3 described above (the same references are used hereinafter for the elements common to the two figures).

• un rouleau fou monté libre en rotation et entraîné par adhérence au tapis arrière, ou
• un rouleau relié via une transmission (par exemple par une courroie synchrone) à un autre rouleau entrainé en rotation par le tapis avant ou le tapis arrière, ou
• un rouleau entraîné via un motoréducteur embarqué dans le chariot d'entrée.

In this trolley 3 of the figure 2 , the front carpet 2 full (impervious to air) is turned around three guide rollers 15, 16, 17 rotated in the same direction. In the turning area of the web 1, facing the portion 2a of full carpet 2 stretched between the two rollers 16 and 17, is mounted a detour roller 18, which is specific to the invention. This detour roller 18 is positioned relative to the guide rollers 16 and 17 so that the web 1 can be taken up at the periphery of the detour roll 18 at the exit of the guide roller 16. The detour roller 18 can be:

• an idler roll mounted free to rotate and driven by adherence to the rear carpet, or
• a roller connected via a transmission (for example by a belt synchronous) to another roller rotated by the front mat or the rear mat, or
• a roller driven via a geared motor embedded in the input carriage.

The solid rear carpet 4 is guided upstream of the diverting roller 18 by two guide rollers 19 and 20, and downstream of the diverting roller 18 by a guide roller 21.

We have shown on Figures 3 and 4 a first exemplary embodiment of a detour roller 18 of the invention. This detour roller 18 is a non-aspirating hollow cylinder 180 provided over its entire periphery with longitudinal grooves 181 equidistant. The longitudinal grooves 181 delimit between them and with the outer surface 180a of the cylinder 180 of the longitudinal channels 183.

We have shown on Figures 5 and 6 another embodiment of detour roll 18 of the invention. This detour roller 18 is a hollow cylinder 180 'non-suction, provided over its entire periphery with circumferential annular grooves 181' equidistant. The circumferential corrugations 181 'delimit between them and with the outer surface 180a of the cylinder 180' circumferential channels 183 '.

The longitudinal grooves 181 or circumferential grooves 181 'can be obtained by machining a starting roll of sufficient thickness. The longitudinal grooves 181 may also be obtained by spinning the tube 180 (for example aluminum profile). The longitudinal grooves 181 or circumferential grooves 181 'may also be grooves or corrugations of an attached sleeve which is threaded and fixed around a cylinder. The length L of the detour roll 18 is at least equal, and preferably greater than the sail width 1.

In the variant embodiments illustrated on the Figures 2 to 6 the wall of the cylinder 180 or 180 'is not perforated and is impervious to air.

The guide rollers 20 and 21 of the solid carpet 4 are positioned relative to the diverting roll 18 so that a portion 40 of the carpet The full rear 4 embraces a portion of the periphery of the detour roll 18 while being, in the absence of a sail 1, in contact with the top 181 has splines 181 or ridges 181 'of the detour roll 18.

In operation, the web 1 is transported to the surface of the front belt 2 to the guide roller 16, at which the web 1 leaves the front belt 2 and is taken up at the periphery of the diverting roller 18, between the roller turn 18 and the portion 40 of the full back carpet 4

The web 1 is returned by being trapped and compressed between the grooves 181 or annulars 181 'of the diverting roller 18 and the portion 40 of the belt 4 which forms an impervious wall of the air. Preferably, in order to avoid irreversible local deformations of the web 1 during its compression, the top 181a of each groove 181 or annulus 181 'has a rounded profile.

Then, the compressed web 1 is conveyed at the exit of the diverting roller 18 by the belt 4, being pinched between the rear belt 4 and the front belt 2.

During its passage between the diverting cylinder 18 and the portion 40 of the belt 4, under the effect of the compression of the web 1 between the solid carpet 4 and the vertices 181a of the longitudinal grooves 181 or circumferential corrugations 181 ', 1 air which was trapped in the web 1 is expelled into the longitudinal channels 183 between the splines 181 or in the circumferential channels 183 'between the annular grooves 181'.

The volume of these channels 183 or 183 'is sufficient to contain all the air that is expelled from the veil 1 during its compression between the belt 4 and the grooves 181 or rings 181', so that this air is channeled into its channels 183 or 183 'during the rotation of the detour roller 18. Thus, in operation, the air contained in each portion of the web 1 compressed between the solid carpet 4 and two adjacent annular grooves 181' of the detour roller 18 (cf. figure 6 ) or two adjacent grooves 181 of the diverting roller 18 is expelled into the channel 183 'or 183 defined between the two rings 181' or flutes 181. The volume of each channel longitudinal 183 or circumferential 183 'is large enough to contain all of this air expelled from the web 1 to the right of said channel 183 or 183'. During the rotation of the diverting roller 18, this air contained and channeled in each longitudinal channel 183 or circumferential 183 'is driven by the detour cylinder 18, without risk of alteration of the structure of the web, until freely escape when said channel 183 or 183 'is released from the belt 4.

As a result, throughout its reversal path, the web 1 is perfectly maintained over its entire width (including at its longitudinal edges), and the inertia and centrifugal forces related to the dynamics of the mobile carriage 3 are without influence on the structure of the veil. As a result, the operating speed of the lapper crosslapper can be advantageously increased if necessary without altering the web structure. In addition, the compression holding of the web 1 advantageously allows the use of the spreader-lapper with sails that can be multilayer, without risk of delamination or sliding of the layers of the web.

In a specific embodiment, given by way of indication and not limitation of the invention, and with reference to the fluted detour roll of the figure 4 the outer diameter D of the cylinder 180 was 160mm; the height H of each groove 181, corresponding to the depth of the longitudinal channels 183, was 30 mm; the detour roll had 36 equidistant longitudinal grooves; the spacing E between the apices 181a of two adjacent grooves 181 was about 16mm. The area A in cross-section of each longitudinal channel 183 ( figure 4 - hatched area between two adjacent grooves) was about 70 mm ² . The spreader-lapper could be used to manipulate a monolayer or multilayer web 1 whose thickness (before compression) could be up to 40 mm, with a web displacement speed of up to 350 m / min.

The invention is not limited to the implementation of a detour roll fluted 18 having the aforementioned dimensional characteristics. More generally, for an implementation of the invention with webs 1 whose thickness (before compression) is between 10 mm and 40 mm, the detour roll 18 of Figures 3 and 4 preferably, but not necessarily, at least one of the following dimensions. The height H of each groove 181, corresponding to the depth of the longitudinal channels 183, is preferably at least 12 mm, and preferably at least 20 mm. The detour roller 18 preferably has a maximum of 36 equidistant longitudinal grooves. The spacing E between the apices 181a of two adjacent grooves 181 is preferably at least 16 mm. The area A in cross-section of each longitudinal channel 183 ( figure 4 - hatched area between two adjacent grooves) is preferably at least 70 mm ² .

In the variant of Figures 3 and 4 , the grooves 181 are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis 18a of the detour roller 18. In another variant, the longitudinal axis of the grooves 181 could make a non-zero angle relative to the longitudinal axis 18a of the detour roller. More particularly, but not necessarily, this non-zero angle may be less than or equal to 45 °.

In a specific embodiment, given by way of indication and not limitation of the invention, and with reference to the corrugated detour roll of Figures 5 and 6 the outer diameter D of the cylinder 180 was 180 mm; the height H of each annulus 181 ', corresponding to the depth of the circumferential channels 183', was 23 mm; the spacing E between the vertices 181a of two neighboring rings 181 'was 33 mm. The cross-sectional area A of each circumferential channel 183 'was approximately 620 mm ² . The spreader-lapper could be used to manipulate a monolayer or multilayer web 1 whose thickness (before compression) could be up to 40 mm, with a web displacement speed of up to 350 m / min.

The invention is not limited to the implementation of a detour roll annulus 18 having the aforementioned dimensional characteristics. More generally, for an implementation of the invention with webs 1 whose thickness (before compression) is between 10 mm and 40 mm, the detour roll 18 of Figures 5 and 6 preferably, but not necessarily, at least one of the following dimensions. The height H of each annulus 181 ', corresponding to the depth of the circumferential channels 183', is preferably at least 15 mm, and preferably at least 20 mm. The spacing E between the peaks 181a of two neighboring rings 181 'is preferably at least 20 mm. The cross-sectional area A of each circumferential channel 183 'is preferably at least 250 mm ² .

In the variant of Figures 5 and 6 the corrugations 181 'are oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 18a of the detour roller 18. In another variant, the corrugations 181' could make a non-zero angle with respect to the longitudinal axis 18a of the detour roller. More particularly, but not necessarily, this non-zero angle may be less than or equal to 45 °. The corrugations may also form a helix around the diverting roller 18 (no screws). In this case, half of the length of the detour roll 18 will be equipped with a corrugation with a right helix pitch and the second half with a left helix pitch to cancel the displacement effects that a propeller could induce the mat in contact with the detour roller 18.

We have shown on the figure 7 another variant embodiment of a spreader-entry input carriage of the invention in which the veneer wall of the veil against the diverting roller 18 is formed by a portion 40 of an additional endless belt 4 ' , which is distinct from the rear carpet 4. In this embodiment the function of transport of the web provided by the rear carpet 4 is thus dissociated from the veil plating function provided by the additional mat 4 '. This dissociation of plating and transport functions can have several advantages. It solves potential problems of marking the rear carpet 4 by the tops of the corrugations or detour roll grooves 18 which may in some cases appear with the variant of the figure 2 . The veneer mat 4 'can indeed be a carpet thicker and less sensitive to marking than the rear carpet 4. This solution of the figure 7 also makes it possible to overcome the potential problems of speed differentials that can be induced in the case of the variant of the figure 2 by the thickness of the veil 1 during the reversal.

Claims (15)

1. An inlet carriage (3) of a cross layer capable of moving back and forth, comprising a movable front belt (2), a movable rear belt (4) associated with the front belt, and reversal means making it possibly to reverse a fiber textile cloth (1) when it is transferred from the front belt to the rear belt, characterized in that the reversal means comprise a non-breathable reversal roller (18), and a pressing wall (40) that makes it possible to compress said fiber textile fabric (1) against the reversal roller (18) in the curved portion of the reversal roller where the fiber textile cloth performs its half-turn, and in that said reversal roller (18) is provided on the periphery thereof with longitudinal grooves (181) that delimit, on the surface of the reversal roller, longitudinal channels (183), or circumferential corrugations (181') that delimit, on the surface of the reversal roller, circumferential channels (183'), said longitudinal (183) or circumferential (183') channels being adapted to contain and channel all of the air expelled from the cloth (1) during the compression thereof between the reversal roller (18) and the pressing wall (40).
2. The carriage according to claim 1, characterized in that the reversal roller (18) is impermeable to air.
3. The carriage according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing wall is formed by a portion (40) of the endless rear belt (4) that fits the curve of the reversal roller (18) in the reversal zone of the web and which is, in the absence of cloth (1), in contact with the apex (181a) of the longitudinal grooves (181) or corrugations (181') of the reversal roller (18).
4. The carriage according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressing wall is formed by a portion (40) of an additional endless belt (4'), which is separate from the rear belt (4), which fits the curve of the reversal roller (18) in the reversal zone of the cloth and which is, in the absence of cloth (1), in contact with the apex (181a) of the longitudinal grooves (181) or corrugations (181') of the reversal roller (18).
5. The carriage according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height (H) of the grooves (181) of the reversal roller (18) is equal to at least 12 mm, and preferably 20 mm.
6. The carriage according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reversal roller (18) comprises at most 36 equidistant longitudinal grooves (181).
7. The carriage according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacing (E) between the apices (181a) of two neighboring grooves (181) is equal to at least 16 mm.
8. The carriage according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the area (A) in transverse section of each longitudinal channel (183) is equal to at least 70 mm².
9. The carriage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the height (H) of the corrugations (181') of the reversal roller (18) is equal to at least 15 mm, and preferably at least 20 mm.
10. The carriage according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 characterized in that the spacing (E) between the apices (181a) of two adjacent corrugations (181') is equal to at least 20 mm.
11. The carriage according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, characterized in that the area (A) in transverse section of each circumferential channel (183') is equal to at least 250 mm².
12. The carriage according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing wall (40) is impermeable to air.
13. A cross layer in which a fiber textile cloth (1) continuously arrives on an endless front belt (2), then enters an inlet carriage capable of moving back and forth (3) where it performs a half-turn to then be taken up by an endless rear belt (4) continuously bought into said carriage (3) in a direction opposite the intake direction of the front belt (2), at the outlet of the carriage (3), the cloth (1) being maintained by pinching between the two front and rear belts (2, 4) and then taken up by a second moving outlet carriage (5), serving to spread the cloth back and forth on an apron (6) continuously moving perpendicular to the movement of the outlet carriage (5) so as to form a layer made up of offset plies, characterized in that the moving inlet carriage (3) is a carriage according to any one of the preceding claims.
14. A method for reversing a fiber textile cloth (1), characterized in that the fiber textile cloth (1) is made to perform a half-turn when it is transferred between a moving front belt (2) and a moving rear belt (4) associated with the front belt (2), using a non-breathing reversal roller (18) and provided on the periphery thereof with longitudinal grooves (181), which delimit, on the surface of the reversal roller, longitudinal channels (183), or circumferential corrugations (181'), which delimit circumferential channels (183') on the surface of the reversal roller, and said fiber textile cloth (1) is compressed against the reversal roller (18) using a pressing wall (40), in the curved portion of the reversal roller where the fiber textile cloth performs its half-turn, such that all of the air is expelled from the cloth (1) with it is compressed between the reversal roller (18) and the pressing wall (40) is contained and channeled in the longitudinal (183) or circumferential (183') channels of the reversal roller.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the pressing wall consists of a portion (40) of the rear belt (4) that fits the curve of the reversal roller (18) in the reversal zone of the cloth and which is, in the absence of cloth (1), in contact with the apex (181a) of the longitudinal grooves (181) or corrugations (181') of the reversal roller (18), or a portion (40) of an additional belt (4'), which is separate from the rear belt (4), which fits the curve of the reversal roller (18) in the reversal zone of the cloth and which is, in the absence of sloth (1), in contact with the apex (181a) of the longitudinal grooves (181) or corrugations (181') of the reversal roller (18).

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