EP2361435B2 - Transformator zur transformation zwischen mittel- und niederspannung mit stufenschaltung und verfahren zu dessem betrieb - Google Patents
Transformator zur transformation zwischen mittel- und niederspannung mit stufenschaltung und verfahren zu dessem betrieb Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2361435B2 EP2361435B2 EP09797014.9A EP09797014A EP2361435B2 EP 2361435 B2 EP2361435 B2 EP 2361435B2 EP 09797014 A EP09797014 A EP 09797014A EP 2361435 B2 EP2361435 B2 EP 2361435B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transformer
- voltage
- switching
- switching device
- semiconductor switching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
- H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
Definitions
- the invention relates to a transformer for the transformation between medium and low voltage with tap-change.
- Transformers use high-voltage and medium-voltage tap changers.
- the tap changer compensates for the voltage fluctuations that occur during load changes by changing the transmission ratio.
- at least one of the windings of the transformer is provided with a series of taps, which can be electrically connected by a selector mechanism.
- a diverter switch is provided which makes the switching between two selector positions without interruption even under load. Winding short circuit is avoided by briefly forcing current flow through resistors.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a transformer for the transformation between medium and low voltage with tap changer, which is particularly simple. Another object of the invention is to provide an operating method for such a transformer.
- the transformer according to the invention has a tap changer.
- one of the windings of the transformer preferably the low-voltage side secondary winding, two end taps and at least two center taps.
- at least one switching device is provided for the switchable electrical connection of at least one of the taps with an output line of the transformer.
- at least one semiconductor switching device is provided, which is electrically connected to the output line and directly to one of the end taps.
- a first of the end taps is directly connected to a first output line of the transformer and is not further changed or used in a special way for the tap changer.
- the second end tapping at the other end of the winding is used together with the one or more taps for the tap changer and the taps are for this purpose connected in a more complex manner with the second output line of the transformer.
- the switching device comprises mechanical switches, which advantageously have a particularly low on-resistance, and particularly preferably allows independent connection and disconnection of individual taps.
- the switching device expediently alternately connects one of the taps to the second output line of the transformer.
- the transformer according to the invention advantageously has a simple and low maintenance by the semiconductor switch construction and allows a tap changer without load interruption in the middle to low voltage range.
- the tap changer contains a control device that automatically performs a control of the load switching.
- the control device expedient means, which allow detection when a switch should occur.
- these may be means for determining voltage and / or current on the input or output side. This determines whether a changeover is necessary, for example by detecting the corresponding slight decrease in the output voltage when the load on the output side is higher.
- the control of the load switching can be made from outside the tap changer.
- the tap changer expedient means on which allow external control. This can be an indirect, for example, digital remote control, which is implemented in the tap changer by a control device in the actual control of the switch. It may also be a direct, analog control from the outside, which if necessary. Even without an internal control device can be done, for example, by directly applying an actuator of the switching element from the outside with electricity.
- the switching device is connected only to the further taps, that is to say it is not connected in negative form to the end taps. It is useful if there are several more taps, so at least two. It is also useful if the semiconductor switching device connected to one of the end taps is. This structure allows a particularly advantageous operation.
- the semiconductor switching device is turned on.
- This switching is preferably carried out at the zero crossing of the AC voltage, wherein expediently a turn-on delay of the semiconductor switch or the semiconductor switching device is taken into account, that is, for example, an ignition delay of thyristors. As a result, a voltage jump is avoided.
- an inductance is preferably provided in series with the semiconductor switching device.
- a resistance element may also be provided to limit the current.
- the current in the winding short-circuit is opposite to the load current. As a result, therefore, a time is reached at which the current in the winding short-circuit assumes the same amount as the load current and thus as good as no current flows through the switching element. In other words, the load current at this time is completely commutated to the semiconductor switching device.
- This time is used to turn off the connection through the switching element. Since in the time in which no or very little current flows through the switching element, and accordingly less voltage drops over it, the shutdown without an arc is possible and therefore particularly gentle for the switching element.
- the opening of the Switching element can be made before the zero crossing, in particular at a time at which the semiconductor switching device safely already passes. In this case, when opening the switching element, an arc will occur, but in the course of Stromkommutierung very fast, typically in the range of microseconds, extinguished because the current disappears via the switching element yes. Once the arc extinguished, it does not emerge when the voltage across the switching element increases.
- the transformer comprises means for determining a value representing the voltage across the switching element and / or the current through the switching element, since then the time for opening the switching element can be determined directly. This time in the operating method described above, for example, given when the current is just zero. Another possibility is to effect the opening of the switching element when the current or the voltage, in particular the maximum amounts thereof within each period, falls below a certain threshold, which is slightly greater than zero. Another alternative is to set the timing for the opening of the switching element based on a timing in response to the turn-on of the semiconductor switching device, for example, 2 ms after switching on the semiconductor switching device.
- the semiconductor switching device After opening by the switching element, the semiconductor switching device carries the load current and the short-circuiting of the winding is canceled.
- the switching element is closed again to make a connection with another of the other taps of the winding.
- a suitable time for closing the connection is selected.
- a time can be selected at which the voltage across the switching element corresponds exactly to the voltage across the semiconductor switching device. It is assumed that by the semiconductor switch due to the semiconductor switching device always a low voltage drops.
- closing the switching element it is advantageous to take into account the closing time, which requires the switching element for producing the electrical contact. Closing at said time makes it possible to avoid voltage jumps.
- An alternative approach is to cause the switching element to close when the voltage is just passing through a zero crossing due to the line frequency.
- the semiconductor switching device can be turned off or depending on the semiconductor switch used the ignition can be canceled.
- a thyristor circuit is provided as a semiconductor switch. It is advantageous that this issabumbled and thus allows easy control.
- the thyristor circuit preferably consists of two anti-parallel connected thyristor elements, wherein each of the thyristor elements consists of a thyristor or a parallel and / or series connection of thyristors. Other electrical components can be used together with the thyristors.
- turn-off semiconductor switches can also be used as semiconductor switches, in particular transistors, GTOs (Gate Turn-off Thyristor) or IGCTs (Integrated Gate Commutated Transistor).
- GTOs Gate Turn-off Thyristor
- IGCTs Integrated Gate Commutated Transistor
- means for determining the current in the region of the switching element or semiconductor switch are provided.
- the figures refer to embodiments for transformers. These will be carried out expediently in a real implementation three-phase. For a better clarity, the figures but only a single-phase design. For the same reason, the tap changer in the embodiments, only three setting options for the gear ratio, while actually tap changer can often set more than three ratios. The invention is equally applicable with more than three gear ratios.
- the voltage on the side of the primary windings should be exemplified 10 kV, while on the side of the secondary winding, a voltage 400 V is output.
- the FIG. 1 shows a transformer 1 with a tap changer.
- the transformer 1 has, in addition to a primary winding which is not significant in this exemplary embodiment, a continuous secondary winding.
- the continuous secondary winding consists of a first to fourth part 17a ... d.
- the first part 17a comprises approximately 70% of the winding length of the secondary winding, while the second, third and fourth parts 17b ... d each comprise approximately 10% of the winding length.
- the representation in Fig.1 is not exactly to scale. From the relative proportions of the secondary winding arise the adjustable ratios and it is clear that even very different divisions of the secondary winding are possible.
- first, second and third taps 2, 3, 4 are defined by first, second and third taps 2, 3, 4, wherein the first tap 2 is at 70% of the winding length of the secondary winding, the second tap 3 is at 80% of the winding length of the secondary winding and the third tap 4 is at 90% of the secondary winding ,
- a first output line 11 of the transformer 1 is connected.
- a second output line 12 of the transformer 1 is connected in a more complex manner with the taps 2, 3, 4 in order to realize the tap changer.
- a mechanical switch 20 is provided, the middle connection according to FIG. 1 is connected to the second output line 12.
- the switch 20 can establish a connection between its center connection and a first, second or third connection 13, 14, 15.
- the first connection 13 connects the tap 2 and one of the connections of the mechanical switch 20.
- the second connection 14 connects the second tap 3 to a further connection of the switch and the third connection 15 connects the third tap 4 to a last connection of the mechanical switch 20
- the switch 20 is expediently designed so that the separation and production of the connection between the terminals can be done independently of one another, that is to say a plurality of mechanical switching elements together form the switch 20.
- the structure of two thyristors is exemplary in this case.
- one of the thyristors can represent one series connection and / or parallel connection of a plurality of actual thyristor elements.
- other elements such as IGBTs, GTOs or similar can be used here instead of the thyristors. be used.
- an inductance 53 is provided, which is the delay of the current in the case of a winding short circuit.
- a measuring point 7 ... 10 is provided at each of the connections 13, 14, 15, 18 and in the region of the central connection of the switch 20, a measuring point 7 ... 10 is provided. Furthermore, a controller 6 is present. The controller 6 can determine the voltage at the measuring points 7... 10 and control the thyristor circuit 5 and the switch 20 on the basis of the determined values.
- a changeover is performed.
- the mechanical switch 20 switches between its terminals so that instead of the first tap 2, the second tap 3 is connected to the second output line 12.
- the thyristor circuit 5 takes over the power. This happens without interruption, the exact circuit is shown below, for example.
- the second current path 27 thus leads during the switching from the first output line 11 over all parts 17a ... d of the secondary winding.
- the fourth connection 18 leads via the fourth connection 18 and thus the thyristor 5 to the second output line 12. It is thus used the entire secondary winding.
- the state used in the third step 23 results. This is about 80% of the secondary winding and the third current path 28 leads from the first output line 11 via the first and second part 17a, b of the secondary winding and the second connection 14 to the second output line 12.
- a changeover is performed again.
- the mechanical switch 20 switches between its terminals so that instead of the second tap 3, the third tap 4 is connected to the second output line 12.
- the thyristor circuit 5 takes over the power.
- the fourth current path 29 thus leads during the switching from the first output line 11 over the entire secondary winding. Further, it leads via the fourth connection 18 and thus the thyristor circuit 5 to the second output line 12. As soon as the mechanical switch 20 has switched, the ignition of the thyristor circuit 5 is terminated.
- the state used in the fifth step 25 is obtained.
- 90% of the secondary winding is used and the current path leads from the first output line 11 via the first, second and third part 17a... C of the secondary winding and the third connection 15 to the second output line 12.
- the mechanical switch 20 does not have to switch between adjoining taps 2, 3, 4, but the switching can take place between any of the taps, that is, for example, directly from the first tapping 2 to the third tapping 4 or vice versa.
- the controller 6 determines that switching between two of the taps appears necessary. Thereafter, the controller provides for the ignition of the thyristors in the thyristor circuit 5.
- the timing of ignition is chosen so that no voltage jump occurs. Ideally, a point in time is used which lies before a zero crossing of the mains voltage for a period of time, the time span corresponding to the ignition delay of the thyristors. This ensures that the thyristors can take over the load current in principle at the zero crossing of the voltage.
- the opening of the switch is preferably already made shortly before the expected zero crossing, in particular at a time at which the thyristors already conduct safely.
- an arc will occur, but in the course of Stromkommutierung very fast, typically in the range of microseconds, extinguished because the current disappears via the switching element yes. Once the arc extinguished, it no longer arises when the voltage across the switching element increases.
- the switch 20 for opening the connection is activated such that it only opens when the thyristors are already conducting.
- the thyristors transport the load current and by opening the switch 20, the short-circuiting of the winding is canceled.
- Closing of the new connection of the switch 20 preferably takes place in a natural zero crossing of the mains voltage, in turn to achieve a smooth transition of the line. Since after the closing of the switch 20 again a indentation short-circuit exists, it is expedient to stop the ignition of the thyristors in time before the zero crossing in order to prevent simultaneous conduction of the thyristors with the switch 20.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
- Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL09797014T PL2361435T5 (pl) | 2008-12-22 | 2009-12-15 | Transformator do transformacji między średnim i niskim napięciem z przełączaniem stopniowym oraz sposób jego pracy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008064487A DE102008064487A1 (de) | 2008-12-22 | 2008-12-22 | Mittel-Niederspannungstransformator mit Stufenschaltung |
PCT/EP2009/067207 WO2010072623A1 (de) | 2008-12-22 | 2009-12-15 | Mittel-niederspannungstransformator mit stufenschaltung und verfahren zu dessem betrieb |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2361435A1 EP2361435A1 (de) | 2011-08-31 |
EP2361435B1 EP2361435B1 (de) | 2015-01-28 |
EP2361435B2 true EP2361435B2 (de) | 2018-04-11 |
Family
ID=41785692
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09797014.9A Not-in-force EP2361435B2 (de) | 2008-12-22 | 2009-12-15 | Transformator zur transformation zwischen mittel- und niederspannung mit stufenschaltung und verfahren zu dessem betrieb |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2361435B2 (uk) |
CN (1) | CN102209998B (uk) |
BR (1) | BRPI0924890A2 (uk) |
DE (1) | DE102008064487A1 (uk) |
ES (1) | ES2530433T5 (uk) |
PL (1) | PL2361435T5 (uk) |
RU (1) | RU2516462C2 (uk) |
UA (1) | UA103786C2 (uk) |
WO (1) | WO2010072623A1 (uk) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103311903B (zh) | 2012-03-08 | 2016-05-04 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | 一种开关装置及其发电系统 |
DE102012103048B4 (de) * | 2012-04-10 | 2016-01-07 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Regeltransformatoren zur Spannungsregelung mit Halbleiter-Schaltelementen |
DE102012103490B4 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2015-11-12 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Verteiltransformator zur Spannungsregelung von Ortsnetzen |
DE102012207800A1 (de) | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ortsnetz-Transformator |
FR3004284B1 (fr) | 2013-04-08 | 2015-04-03 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Transformateur muni de moyens d'ajustement du rapport de transformation en charge |
DE102013211653A1 (de) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator |
CN103840729B (zh) * | 2014-03-21 | 2017-03-01 | 东北农业大学 | 无触点有载自动调压配电变压器的启动与过渡支路 |
DE102016120071A1 (de) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-04-26 | Eaton Industries (Austria) Gmbh | Niederspannungs-Schutzschaltgerät |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2214950A1 (de) † | 1971-03-29 | 1972-10-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Schaltungsanordnung zum Aneinander schalten von mindestens zwei Wicklungen |
DE2847391A1 (de) † | 1978-11-02 | 1980-05-14 | Giesenhagen Kg | Kontaktloser netzstabilisator |
DE19609024A1 (de) † | 1996-03-08 | 1997-09-11 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der bei einem Schweißvorgang einem Schweißgut zugeführten Wärmemenge |
DE69405339T2 (de) † | 1993-09-21 | 1998-04-02 | Nat Grid Co Plc | Elektrische Umschaltung |
JPH10285836A (ja) † | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-23 | Nec Corp | 電磁誘導電源装置の受電装置 |
DE69611176T2 (de) † | 1995-08-01 | 2001-05-17 | Rendel B.V., Capelle Aan Den Ijssel | Verfahren und vorrichtung für die stufenlose einstellung und regulierung des windungsverhältnises eines transformatores und transformator mit einer solchen vorrichtung |
US20020003420A1 (en) † | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-10 | Peter Hammond | Hybrid tap-changing transformer with full range of control and high resolution |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE9903392L (sv) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-03-21 | Abb Ab | Elektrisk kopplingsanordning, förfarande för styrning av densamma och användning av kopplingsanordningen |
DE10102310C1 (de) * | 2001-01-18 | 2002-06-20 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Thyristor-Stufenschalter |
RU31073U1 (ru) * | 2003-03-24 | 2003-07-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АТС-КОНВЕРС" | Стабилизатор переменного напряжения с дискретным регулированием |
-
2008
- 2008-12-22 DE DE102008064487A patent/DE102008064487A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-12-15 ES ES09797014.9T patent/ES2530433T5/es active Active
- 2009-12-15 BR BRPI0924890-0A patent/BRPI0924890A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-12-15 EP EP09797014.9A patent/EP2361435B2/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-12-15 RU RU2011130542/07A patent/RU2516462C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-12-15 CN CN200980144210.5A patent/CN102209998B/zh active Active
- 2009-12-15 UA UAA201107828A patent/UA103786C2/uk unknown
- 2009-12-15 WO PCT/EP2009/067207 patent/WO2010072623A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-12-15 PL PL09797014T patent/PL2361435T5/pl unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2214950A1 (de) † | 1971-03-29 | 1972-10-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Schaltungsanordnung zum Aneinander schalten von mindestens zwei Wicklungen |
DE2847391A1 (de) † | 1978-11-02 | 1980-05-14 | Giesenhagen Kg | Kontaktloser netzstabilisator |
DE69405339T2 (de) † | 1993-09-21 | 1998-04-02 | Nat Grid Co Plc | Elektrische Umschaltung |
DE69611176T2 (de) † | 1995-08-01 | 2001-05-17 | Rendel B.V., Capelle Aan Den Ijssel | Verfahren und vorrichtung für die stufenlose einstellung und regulierung des windungsverhältnises eines transformatores und transformator mit einer solchen vorrichtung |
DE19609024A1 (de) † | 1996-03-08 | 1997-09-11 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der bei einem Schweißvorgang einem Schweißgut zugeführten Wärmemenge |
JPH10285836A (ja) † | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-23 | Nec Corp | 電磁誘導電源装置の受電装置 |
US20020003420A1 (en) † | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-10 | Peter Hammond | Hybrid tap-changing transformer with full range of control and high resolution |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
AINETTER J. ET AL: "Hybrider Transformatorstufenschalter TADS-ein zukuntweisendes Konzept zur Verlängerung der Wartungsintervalle", E&I ELEKTROTECHNIK UND INFORMATIONSTECHNIK, vol. 116, no. 11, November 1999 (1999-11-01), pages 636 - 641 † |
COOKE G.H. ET AL: "New thyristor assisted diverter switch for on load transformer tap changers", IEE PROCEEDINGS-B, vol. 139, no. 6, November 1992 (1992-11-01), pages 507 - 511, XP000343942 † |
HARLOW J.H.: "Step-voltage regulators apply thrystors for arcless switching", DIEMENS ENERGY & AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY, March 1986 (1986-03-01), pages 16 - 18, XP055238023 † |
SHUTTLEWORTH R.ET AL: "A novel thyristor-assisted tap changer scheme", CIRED CONFERENCE PUBLICATION, vol. 97, no. 438, 2 June 1997 (1997-06-02), pages 1.28.1 - 1.28.5 † |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
UA103786C2 (uk) | 2013-11-25 |
RU2516462C2 (ru) | 2014-05-20 |
CN102209998A (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
EP2361435B1 (de) | 2015-01-28 |
WO2010072623A1 (de) | 2010-07-01 |
ES2530433T5 (es) | 2018-08-01 |
PL2361435T5 (pl) | 2018-10-31 |
ES2530433T3 (es) | 2015-03-02 |
PL2361435T3 (pl) | 2015-07-31 |
AU2009331685A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
EP2361435A1 (de) | 2011-08-31 |
BRPI0924890A2 (pt) | 2015-07-07 |
CN102209998B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
RU2011130542A (ru) | 2013-01-27 |
DE102008064487A1 (de) | 2010-06-24 |
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