EP2361152A1

EP2361152A1 - Method and device for regenerating bulk material that is loaded by adsorption and/or absorption

Info

Publication number: EP2361152A1
Application number: EP08758545A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Horst Grochowski
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-05-15
Filing date: 2008-05-15
Publication date: 2011-08-31
Also published as: DE112008003834A5; WO2009138109A1; EP2756881B1; EP2756881A3; EP2756881A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for thermally regenerating bulk material that is loaded by absorption and/or adsorption, whereby the bulk material substantially flows through a multi-stage closed regeneration reactor from the top to the bottom in such a manner that the bulk material is introduced into the regeneration reactor, is guided in a heating stage through indirectly heated regeneration conduits while being heated, is optionally guided through a main or supplementary degassing stage, is guided in a cooling stage through indirectly cooled cooling conduits while being cooled and is then withdrawn from the regeneration reactor, at least one contact gas being used to indirectly heat and/or cool the bulk material, said contact gas flowing through the regeneration conduits filled with the bulk material and/or through the cooling conduits filled with the bulk material in the interior of the conduit.

Description

Method and device for the thermal regeneration of adsorptively and / or absorptively loaded bulk materials

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for the thermal regeneration of adsorptively and / or absorptively loaded bulk materials according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for the thermal regeneration of adsorptively and / or absorptively loaded bulk materials according to the preamble of claim 10. Accordingly, the bulk material to be regenerated in led the way through a multi-stage regeneration reactor, that the bulk material is first introduced into the regeneration reactor and there in a heating stage by indirectly heated, arranged in series regeneration tubes under heating and degassing and, if necessary after walking through a Nachentgasungsstufe, subsequently in a cooling stage is passed on under cooling by indirectly cooled, arranged in series cooling tubes and finally discharged from the regeneration reactor again. It is therefore an at least two-stage reactor, each with outside heated or cooled pipes that keep the bulk material from the heating or cooling medium. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

In addition to the so-called tube regenerators of the type described above, a regeneration method is known in which instead of indirect heating or cooling, the bulk material is heated solely by direct contact by means of a gas stream and cooled in a second reactor stage by means of another gas alone by direct contact (DE 42 24 778 A1). In this known method, the cooling gas and the heating gas are each kept separate from each other and in each case circulated through a desorption stage or a Aktivkokskühlstufe countercurrent to the bulk material, e.g. a loaded activated coke, led. Since the heating gas is circulated and therefore mixed with the aborted in the desorber under heat pollutant (rich gas), the activated carbon is still surrounded by a rich gas atmosphere at its exit at the bottom of the desorber. The pollutants that are in equilibrium with this atmosphere are also still in the pore interior of the activated coke. The bulk material emerging from the bottom of the desorber therefore inevitably carries a certain amount of pollutant into the activated-coke cooler. Because of the recirculation of the cooling gas through the Aktivkokskühler, these pollutant components can accumulate in the cooling circuit gas accordingly. This results in an unavoidable residual or recharging of the regenerated activated coke with pollutants, so that no complete activity or adsorption or absorption capacity can be present in the regenerated activated coke. The circulating hot gas is heated partly indirectly, but partly also directly by adding hot combustion gases. The hot combustion gases are found together with the desorption gas as a mixture in the circuit and in the discharged rich gas again. If you want to use the rich gas in a further processing step, this dilution is unfavorable.

In the regeneration method and devices of the generic type, in which the bulk material, the inner cross sections of mutually parallel heat exchange tubes

- 2 - durchwandert, which are acted upon indirectly on its outside with hot gas or cooling gas, dilution effects and Schadstoffverschleppungen the aforementioned type do not occur.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

It has been found that in generic thermal regeneration apparatus for the regeneration of pollutant-laden bulk materials, the heat transfer must be improved in order to improve the efficiency and in particular the degree of regeneration of the bulk material.

To solve this problem, a method having the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 10 is proposed. Accordingly, at least one contact gas is used, which flows through the filled with bulk material regeneration tube and / or filled with bulk cooling tubes inside the tube. This contact gas application leads to a number of significant advantages, which are described below: When a (first) contact gas is passed through the bulk-filled cooling tubes, depending on the temperature of the contact gas and the amount of contact gas, the cooling result improves not only because of the indirect cooling in To some extent, a direct cooling is superimposed but also because the heat transfer between the bulk and cooling medium is significantly improved. The first contact gas also leads to a drive off about existing residual amounts of pollutants that are still present in the gap volume between the bulk grains and / or in pores of the bulk material. In order to optimize this effect and to protect the regenerated bulk material from maximum re-loading with pollutants from the rich gas, the first contact gas is passed in countercurrent to the bulk material, ie from bottom to top through the cooling tubes. It is particularly important that the first contact gas keeps the regenerated bulk material of easily adsorbable or absorbable components, such as SO ₂ , free in order to prevent a recharging of the bulk material with this harmful substance component already in the regeneration apparatus and to achieve the full adsorption.

- 3 - onskapazität for a new use, eg in an adsorptive dry gas cleaning plant to use. Suitable as the first contact gas is a substantially oxygen-free gas. This may be, for example, nitrogen gas. The exiting the cooling tubes first contact gas can then be discarded, for example, by being discharged through a chimney, this possibly after cleaning by the aborted by the first contact gas pollutant components.

If a (second) contact gas is passed through the regeneration tubes filled with bulk material, the transfer of the regeneration heat, which is supplied indirectly from outside via the outer surface of the tube, to the bulk material grains is improved by this step. At the same time, due to the forced flow through the regeneration tubes, the second contact gas expands the pollutants desorbing from the bulk material more intensively from the bulk material and supports an inflow gas flow in the direction of a tube end from where the inflow gas can be withdrawn. In addition, the second contact gas increases the pollutant concentration gradient on the bulk material surfaces and thereby promotes the desorption of these components. Since the regeneration tubes are heated indirectly primarily from the outside, the degree of dilution of the forming rich gas by the second contact gas is lower than in the direct-contact regeneration method according to DE 42 24 778 A1. In principle, the second contact gas can also be passed in countercurrent to the bulk material, ie with the flow direction upwards through the regeneration tubes. However, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is a so-called Nachentgasungsstufe between the heating and the cooling stage, in which the bulk material passes through a Nachentgasungsraum whose cross section is larger compared to the sum of the cross section of the regeneration tubes and the cooling tubes, and there, preferably , No tube bundle for guiding the bulk material is present, the second contact gas is preferably performed in cocurrent with the bulk material, ie with the flow direction down through the regeneration tubes.

- 4 - The heat balance of such a process and the consumption of contact gas and the degree of dilution of the forming rich gas can be further improved if the first contact gas is subsequently passed as a second contact gas through the regeneration tubes after it leaves the cooling tubes. As a result, a provision of independent second contact gas is avoided. This is especially useful if the contact gases are inert with respect to the bulk material, in particular an oxygen-free gas such as N2. Such a contact gas avoids unwanted chemical reactions on the bulk material surface or in the bulk pores. The registered in the cooling stage in the first contact gas pollutant amount, such as SO ₂ , which is then in the inert gas when it is used as the second contact gas is harmless in the heating, because there anyway and in considerable quantities pollutants from the bulk material be driven off, which are subsequently deducted from the bulk material. The second contact gas pre-contaminated with pollutants also reduces the degree of dilution of the pollutant rich gas obtained.

When the first contact gas is passed through the cooling stage in countercurrent to the bulk material, it heats up to approximately regeneration temperature at the bulk material and is already supplied to the interior of the regeneration tubes at this temperature level. It thus makes a contribution to the provision of heat in the heating stage (regeneration stage), wherein the second contact gas in the heating stage can be performed in countercurrent but also in direct current to the bulk material through the regeneration tubes. The consumption of contact gas can thus be significantly reduced in this way, which, in view of the cost of e.g. a Stickstoffgasbereit- position is of particular advantage. The degree of dilution of the rich in the heating and regeneration stage rich gas is reduced favorably in this way.

In order to even out heat transfer during heating to the bulk material in the regeneration tubes and / or during cooling of the bulk material in the cooling tubes, it is proposed to use the heating gas and / or the cooling gas

- 5 - along each individual regeneration tube and / or cooling tube or along groups of regeneration tubes and / or cooling tubes between a common gas inlet space for the regeneration tubes and / or cooling tubes and a common gas outlet space having a lower pressure with respect to the gas inlet space through the single regeneration tube and / or Cooling tube or groups of regeneration tubes and / or cooling tubes surrounding gas screens or jacket pipes. In contrast to the prior art, in this way all regeneration and / or cooling tubes experience the same indirect heating or cooling. In particular, different gas temperatures at the outer surfaces of the different regeneration tubes or cooling tubes are avoided. Between the respective gas inlet space and the gas outlet space of the tube regenerator and the tube cooler uniform differential pressure conditions for all regeneration tubes or cooling tubes are achieved by the invention. This leads to uniform regeneration results or cooling results for the bulk material particles in all of the usually numerous regeneration tubes or cooling tubes. On the other hand, according to the state of the art in tube generators, the temperatures acting on the tube outer surfaces of different tubes were markedly different. It has been found that in the present invention extremely uniform temperature conditions are achieved for all regeneration tubes or cooling tubes. In particular, overheating of individual regeneration tubes, as occurred in the prior art, can be avoided. The bulk material is therefore best protected in spite of maximum regeneration effect and / or undesirable reactions of the pollutants to be desorbed are avoided. Such indirect heating and / or cooling of the heat exchange tubes is of independent inventive importance even without the (direct) contact gas application.

If the bulk material from each cooling tube or from a group of cooling tubes is gradually withdrawn via a mechanical discharge but together and equally strong, this is a uniform over all regeneration tubes and all cooling tubes heat supply or heat dissipation for the bulk material in each

- 6 - reached the pipe. In contrast to the prior art, which only provided a single rotary valve or the like as a discharge device at the lower end of the reactor, a bulk material discharge is now associated with the lower end of the cooling tubes and each individual cooling tube in the invention. In the invention, therefore, core flow problems and the like are avoided and achieved that all bulk material-carrying pipes enforce the same bulk quantities, when all the delivery devices are operated and designed accordingly. In addition, bulk material guide devices can contribute to achieving a uniform bulk material residence time even within the generally cone-shaped bulk material collecting space below the discharge devices. Such a discharge device is for generic regeneration devices without contact gas application and / or without the heat exchange tubes surrounding gas screens or jacketed pipes of independent inventive importance.

For the purposes of the invention, it is possible to pass the regeneration tubes, possibly with a slight interruption, into the cooling tubes when the heating space through which the regeneration tubes flow, is fluidically separated from the cooling space surrounding the cooling tubes and through which cooling fluid flows. Such an arrangement is also possible when countercurrent cooling tubes and the regeneration tubes are flowed through by contact gas in cocurrent. Both contact gases and the desorbed gas can then flow into a gas exhaust space altogether at an opening point in the transitional region between heating and cooling. It is also within the meaning of the invention if a Nachentgasungsraum is interposed between the Aufheizraum and the Abkühlraum, which optionally bulk-conducting internals but no Schüttgutführungsrohre as in the heating stage and in the cooling stage and whose cross-section is preferably greater than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the regeneration tubes and / or the cooling tubes is. Such Nachentgasungsraum ensured for the bulk material a sufficiently large residence time to about the reaction temperature.

- 7 - If a Nachentgasungsstufe between the regeneration stage and the cooling stage is inserted, the two contact gases, which flow into the post-degassing zone via the upper end of the cooling tubes and the lower end of the regeneration tubes, preferably separated from each other within the Nachentgasungszone. This can be done by roof-shaped installations in the Nachentgasungszone in one or more superimposed planes. Roof-shaped installations can be used here, as they are known, inter alia, from WO. If no complete fluidic separation is provided in the post-degassing zone because the bulk material traverses the post-degassing zone altogether from top to bottom, separation of the first contact gas from the mixture of second contact gas and desorption gas or solely from the desorption gas is promoted by a gas pressure control, eg the suction pressure for discharging the first contact gas and / or the suction pressure for discharging the desorption gas and the second contact gas is adjusted so that the suction level for the first contact gas and the exhaust gas for the desorption gas and optionally the second contact gas are as low as possible. The contact gas separation in a generic regeneration process is of independent inventive importance.

In order to achieve a uniform operation of the regeneration system and the desired regeneration results even with different attack per unit time to be regenerated bulk material, the regeneration reactor is preferably one or more longitudinally split, i. divided into parallel vertical sectors, each sector is fluid side and bulk side separately connected. This allows the sectors to operate independently of each other. In order to maintain or repair one or more sectors even during operation of the remaining sectors, without the different temperatures occurring between the sectors leading to detrimental thermal stresses in the overall reactor causing thermal stress problems or the like, the partitions between the sectors are heat-insulating and / or or length compensating executed. Longitudinally divided regeneration reactors of the same type are of inventive significance.

- 8th - Further advantageous embodiments of the invention provide that

Regeneration tubes open in one or on the other side of a separating wall which fluidly separates the post-degassing chamber from the heating chamber;

the Nachentgasungszone, which may also have the function of a Hauptentgasungszone inside, a radially outward Gassammeiraum and one of the Gassammeiraum through open walls separated, radially inward bulk dwell has, in the open the regeneration tubes and emanating from the cooling tubes;

the mouth ends of a plurality of cooling tubes open above a funnel-shaped inlet of a bulk material discharge device, wherein, in particular, the cooling tubes open into a discharge funnel and / or, in particular, subdivision walls are provided within the discharge funnel, so that a funnel inlet opening and a funnel outlet opening are provided for each cooling tube;

the main or post-degassing zone has bulk diverting internals for promoting fluid separation;

the main or Nachentgasungszone jalousie walls, which separate the bulk material from a laterally located Gasabzugsraum.

The abovementioned and the claimed components which are to be used according to the invention and described in the exemplary embodiments are not subject to any particular size, shape, material selection and technical design.

- 9 - conditions of use, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application can be fully applied.

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, as well as from the following description of the accompanying drawings and table, in which - by way of example - an embodiment of a regeneration reactor is shown.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

In the drawing show:

1A shows a first regeneration system in a schematic overall view in vertical section view;

FIG. 1B shows the same regeneration system in a vertical sectional view rotated by 90 degrees; FIG.

FIG. 2 is a vertical section of the reaction reactor from a second regeneration plant; FIG.

3 shows a third regeneration system in a schematic vertical section;

FIG. 4A shows a vertical section of the reaction reactor from a fourth regeneration plant; FIG.

Fig. 4B of the same regeneration plant, the reaction reactor in horizontal section along the line A - A and

Fig. 5 of a modified embodiment of the regeneration system according to Fig. 1 B is a horizontal section through the storage bin of the heating stage

(Section along the line V-V of FIG. 1).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

- 10 - A regeneration reactor 1 with a heating stage 2, a cooling stage 3 and a post-degassing stage 4 located therebetween can be seen from FIGS. 1A, 1B in which bulk material to be regenerated is conveyed from above into a bulk material bunker 5A via one or more inlet sluices (not shown), such as a rotary valve reached while regenerated bulk material is discharged via a bulk material discharge bunker 5B and a subsequent, not shown, discharge lock again. The heating stage 2 consists of a plurality of approximately equally dimensioned regeneration tubes 2 A, which extend parallel to each other between the bulk material hopper 5 A and the Nachentgasungsstufe 4. At the upper end of the regeneration tubes 2A, feed hoppers 2A 'facilitate the smooth transfer of bulk material from the bulk hopper 5A into the regeneration tubes 2A. These feed hoppers simultaneously form a fluid-tight intermediate bottom 8B ¹ opposite the underlying (second) gas outlet space 8B. A fluid-tight intermediate bottom 8A 'separates the post-degassing stage 4 from the overlying second gas inlet space 8A, while the regeneration tubes 2A penetrate the intermediate bottom 8A' and open in a lower position. The second gas inlet space 8A thus extends - as well as the second gas outlet space 8B - transversely to the regeneration tubes 2A and has a sufficiently large cross section to ensure equal pressure conditions over the entire cross section of the gas inlet chamber 8A. At a suitable point, eg via a gas distribution channel 8A "(FIG. 1B), the second gas inlet space 8A is charged with, for example, hot heat transfer fluid, such as hot combustion gas, 450 ^° C. In a corresponding manner, this can take place by heat transfer to the outer surface of the regeneration tubes 2A for example, 250 ⁰ C cooled Aufheizgas leaving the second gas outlet space 8B again. When the lateral spacing of the regenerative onsrohre 2A are relatively small from each other, which thereby producible flow resistance may already be sufficient that the heating gas pending in the second gas intake chamber 8A through all gaps equally between all regeneration tubes 2A flows on the outside thereof into the second gas outlet space 8 B. In order to optimize this effect, in particular also at somewhat larger lateral distances of the regeneration tubes 2A, a perforated intermediate floor 2B \

- 11 - 2B "may be provided in the upper and lower end portions of the regeneration tubes 2A so that the intermediate bottoms form the lower end of the second gas discharge space 8B and the upper end of the second gas inlet space 8A, respectively The perforated shelves 2B 'and 2B "thus form gas shutters for securely maintaining a certain fluid pressure differential for heating fluid between the second gas inlet space 8A and the second gas outlet space 8B.

In certain cases, it may be advantageous if each of the regeneration tubes 2A is surrounded by a jacket tube 2B (FIG. 2) with a defined spacing, wherein the jacket tubes open tightly in the perforations of the perforated shelves 2B 'and 2B " It is also possible to associate jacketed pipes of the aforementioned type in each case with a plurality of regeneration pipes In the extreme case, the reactor jacket serves as such a jacket in the region of the heating stage, namely in cases where the spaces between the regeneration pipes 2A are sufficiently small in the manner described above.

The cooling stage 3 is preferably constructed in the same way as the heating stage 2, including the formation in the region of the gas diaphragms (FIG. 1A / B) or jacket pipes (FIG. 2), the first gas inlet space 9A and the first gas collection space 9B and the possible jacket pipes 3B (Figure 2).

The cooling tubes 3A open below the first gas inlet space 9A associated and otherwise fluid-tight intermediate bottom 9A 'with a certain distance open above a multiple-discharge (discharge 7), each with a discharge 7A one or more Kühlrohrmündung / s is assigned. In the illustrated case, four cooling tubes 3A are each assigned to a discharge mechanism 7A.

- 12 - orders, which is why this is provided with corresponding bulk funnels 7A '. All the discharge mechanisms 7A can be actuated at the same time, the structure of the delivery mechanisms 7A and their actuation preferably corresponding to the discharge devices known from WO. A slide associated with each discharge mechanism 7A or transversely movably arranged above a bulk material baffle 7B (known per se and not shown for clarity) makes it possible to remove a comparatively small amount of bulk material at each of its movement strokes transverse to the muzzle, which then leaves the bulk bunker 5A is refilled by slipping. This process is the same for all cooling tubes 3A, so that the residence time of the bulk materials in the individual regeneration tubes 2A and the individual cooling tubes 3A is identical in each case. Since at the top of the regeneration tubes 2A, the bulk material slips up automatically, the regeneration tubes 2A are all equally traversed by bulk material. Additional bulk material discharge devices in the heating stage are dispensable for this purpose.

embodiment

In a regeneration reactor according to FIGS. 1A / 1B, adsorbent (AC loaded) to be regenerated is supplied via supply lines 6A ', the bulk goods bins 5A serve as buffer volumes and bulk material feed hoppers 5A' arranged in a grid shape are provided with lower bulk material passages. These end in a gas distribution chamber 10A, in which the bulk material passages open from above and in the bottom of which a plurality of grid-like distributed regeneration tubes 2A open up in a funnel-shaped manner, the arrangement being such that below a feeding hopper 5A 'four square-shaped Feed hopper 2A 'supply four regeneration tubes 2A with loaded AC. Since bulk material loading bunker 5A is closed on the filling side by essentially gas-tight closure elements, a gas stream supplied to gas distribution chamber 10A passes from above into regeneration tubes 2A at the lower open end of which the gases supplied above leave the regeneration tubes and the gases from gas collection chamber 10B close to Mündungsen-

- 13 - the regeneration tubes 2A collect and can be removed via a valve 11 B from the regeneration reactor. The escaping gas is circulated via a fan 12A and a valve 11A, ie again through the regeneration tubes 2A. Due to the indirect heating of the charged AC by means of indirect heat transfer via the lateral surfaces of the regeneration tubes 2A, gaseous pollutants bound to the charged AC, such as SO2, are increasingly desorbed during the heating phase (desorption gas). The fact that this desorption gas is recycled, it accumulates up to a saturation limit with desorbed gas components. The gas excess amount resulting from the desorption rate is removed from the rich gas circulation via a valve 11C in order to be further processed, for example.

The post-degassing stage 4 is subdivided horizontally into two bulk material levels 4A and 4B by an intermediate bottom formed by pass-through funnels 13A. The resulting gas flow resistance in the upper bulk material level 4A results in the desorption gases from the desorption tubes 2A and from the upper bulk material level 4A preferably collecting in the gas collection space 10B and not escaping through the funnel openings of the throughput funnels 13A. The circulation gas which promotes the heat transfer in the heating stage and the desorption process as the contact gas thus moves in cocurrent with the AC, which slowly migrates downwards through the regeneration pipes 2A.

In the cooling stage 3, a contact gas, namely nitrogen is used, but that flows in countercurrent to the AC through the interior of the cooling tubes 3A and is kept away from the desorption gas below the pass-through funnel 13A. By suitable adjustments of the gas pressure ratios, it can be achieved that the nitrogen cycle gas flows in small quantities through the passage funnel 13 A in the desorption gas. As a result, residual amounts of desorption gas accumulating in the lower bulk material level 4B are likewise supplied to the Reich gas stream without an excessively large concentration dilution occurring.

- 14 - The AC withdrawn via the discharge elements 7A gradually and uniformly from all the cooling tubes 3A and cooled to about room temperature leaves the regeneration reactor 1 via the bulk material discharge bunker 5B and a bulk material discharge line 6A ".

The success counter-current to the AC migration indirect cooling by means of air, takes place thanks to the perforated intermediate bottoms 3B ', 3B "and the cooling tubes 3A surrounding ring diaphragms over the entire reactor cross section very evenly distributed. In this case, the cooling air heated to about 25O ⁰ C. They completely separated from the nitrogen-containing contact gas in the cooling stage and leaves the Gassammeiraum 9B, to be subsequently heated together with a fuel gas such as natural gas to about 550 ⁰ C and serve as a heating gas in the heating chamber ² C. From this it is at the upper end the heating tubes 2A discharged as exhaust gas through the gas outlet space 8B. In this manner, a temperature of AC of about 450 ⁰ C at the lower end of the heating stage 2 can be achieved.

As shown in the side view in Figure 1B, the regeneration reactor 1 may be longitudinally split in sub-reactors 1A and 1B to produce e.g. to achieve favorable flow conditions during flow and outflow of the cooling gases and the heating gases.

If, as shown by way of example in FIG. 5, separate gas ducts are provided for both partial reactors, both partial reactors can also be operated independently of one another, which proves to be advantageous, above all, in the case of a fluctuating accumulation of bulk material to be regenerated, if the regeneration process is as uniform as possible, i. with predictable regeneration results.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIGS. 1A / 1B in that, instead of cooling tubes, passage channels are provided in the cooling stage by indirectly cooled cooling registers 14, through which the bulk material is guided.

- 15 - The cooling coils can be flowed through, for example, by a liquid heat carrier in the circuit.

The embodiment of Figure 4 differs from the embodiment of Figure 1A / 1B in that the heating gas - and in the same way the cooling gas - each transverse to the heating tubes 2A and the cooling tubes 3A through the heating chamber 2C and the cooling chamber 3C out and is deflected by 180 ° (deflections 19A ', 19B', 19C and 20A ¹ , 2OB ", 20C) outside the region of the tube registers and is returned to the heating chamber or cooling chamber, respectively, in a respective higher level the heating chamber or the cooling chamber is horizontally multiply and substantially gas-tightly subdivided by horizontal trays 19A, B, C or 2OA, B, C. Contact gas application, contact gas separation in the post-degassing zone, bulk material removal via a large number of bulk material discharge hoppers and separate recirculation guides of the contact gases in the Heating stage and in the cooling stage are preferably durchg as in the first embodiments eführt.

- 16 - LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 regeneration reactor 1A partial reactor 1 B partial reactor

1A 'partition

1 B 'partition

2 heating stage

2A Regeneration tubes 2A ¹ Feed hopper Intermediate tray

2B jacket pipes

2B 'perforated intermediate floor

2B "perforated intermediate floor

2C heating chamber 3 cooling stage

3A cooling tubes

3B jacket pipes

3B 'perforated intermediate floor

3B "perforated shelf 3C cooling chamber

4 post-degassing stage

4A upper bulk material level (main post-degassing zone)

4B lower bulk material level (residual post-degassing zone)

5A bulk material hopper 5A ¹ hopper (bulk material outlets)

5B bulk material bunker

6A manifold bulk goods

6A ¹ feed line bulk material

6A "discharge line bulk material 6B manifold Fluid

- 17 - 6B 'supply line fluid

6B "Abführieitung fluid

7 discharge device

7A Discharge organs 7A 'bulk material funnels

7B bulk material plate

8A gas inlet space

8A 'intermediate floor

8A "gas distribution channel 8B gas discharge space

8B 'intermediate floor

9A gas inlet space

9A 'intermediate floor

9B gas collection room 9B 'intermediate floor

10A gas distribution room

10B gas collection room

11A valve

11 B Control valve 11 C Valve

12A circulation blower

12B circulation blower

13A pass-through funnel

14 cooling coil 14A heat exchanger

14B pump

15A gas distribution room

15B gas collection room

16A valve 16B control valve

- 18 - 17A blower

17B blower

17C blower

18A control valve 18B control valve

19A 'diversion

19B ¹ diversion

19C diversion

2OA 'deflection 2OB' deflection

2OC redirection

21 firing

22 thermo-mechanical decoupling layer 23A butterfly valve 23B butterfly valve

WT heat exchanger

- 19 -

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A process for the thermal regeneration of ab- / adsorptively laden bulk materials, in which the bulk material through a multi-stage closed regeneration onsreaktor from top to bottom such that the bulk material

is introduced into the regeneration reactor,

is conducted under heating in a heating stage by indirectly heated, serially arranged regeneration tubes,

if necessary, passed through a main or post-degassing stage,

is passed in a cooling step by indirectly cooled, arranged in series cooling tube under cooling, and

subsequently discharged from the regeneration reactor

characterized in that

in addition to the indirect heating and / or cooling of the bulk material at least one contact gas is used, which flows through the filled with bulk material regeneration tubes and / or filled with bulk cooling tubes inside the tube.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a contact gas is passed in countercurrent to the bulk material traveling through the cooling tubes.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a second contact gas is passed in DC to the bulk material traveling through the Regeneri- onsrohre.

- 20 -

4. The method according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating gas or the cooling gas along each individual regeneration and / or Abkühlrohres or along individual groups of regeneration and cooling tubes between a common gas inlet chamber for the regeneration tubes and / or the cooling tubes and a common gas collecting chamber having a lower pressure with respect to the gas inlet space are passed through the gas screens or jacket tubes surrounding the regeneration and / or cooling tubes or groups of regeneration and / or cooling tubes.

5. The method according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bulk material from each cooling tube individually, or from groups of cooling tubes, is gradually withdrawn.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that passageways are provided by indirectly cooled cooling coil in the cooling stage instead of cooling tubes through which the bulk material is passed.

7. The method according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which between the heating stage (regeneration stage) and the cooling stage a Nachentgasungsstufe is inserted, in which first and second contact gases from the cooling and / or from the Heat-up stage, characterized in that the first and second contact gases are at least partially separated from each other within the post-degassing stage in one or more planes.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the separation is effected by a gas pressure control.

- 21 -

9. The method according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a sectorally one or more longitudinally divided regeneration reactor is used and each sector is fluid side and bulk material side separately connected to manifolds.

10. An apparatus for the thermal regeneration of adsorptive / adsorptively laden bulk materials with a multi-stage, closed, from bulk material from top to bottom through-traveled regeneration reactor (1), comprising

- an upper Einschleusorgan,

a heating stage (2),

if necessary, a main or post-degassing stage (4),

a cooling stage (3),

an ejector,

vertically or substantially vertically arranged in a heating chamber through which flows through heating fluid (2C) in series, from the bulk material in the direction of the cooling stage durchwandbarer, heated from the outside heating tubes (2A) and

vertically or largely vertically in a cooling chamber (3C) through which cooling fluid can flow, cooling tubes (3A) which are arranged in series and can be flowed through from the bulk material to the discharge element, cooled from the outside;

characterized in that

- 22 - the heating and / or cooling chamber the individual heating and / or cooling tubes (2A, 3A) or groups of heating and / or cooling tubes with surrounding gas diaphragms (2B ', 2B ", 3B', 3B") or jacket pipes (2B 3B) disposed between a common gas inlet space (8A; 9A) and a common gas outlet space (8B; 9B) fluidly separated from the gas inlet space.

11. Device according to the preamble of claim 10, in particular according to claim 10, characterized in that the cooling tubes (3A) at their Münungsende and with respect to the bulk material upstream of the Ausschleusorgans individually or for groups of cooling tubes combined discharge organs (7A).

12. The apparatus of claim 10 or 11, characterized by a between the Einschleusorgan and the regeneration tubes (2 A) arranged, of the

Heating chamber (2C) fluidly separated bulk bunker (5A) with funnel-shaped, between the bulk material bunker (5A) and the interior of the regeneration tubes (2A) a gas distribution space (10A) free-holding bulk passages (5A '). ,

13. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized by a Nachentgasungsstufe (4) of the cooling chamber (3C) fluidly separating intermediate bottom (9B ') with funnel-shaped transition pieces between the Nachentgasungsstufe (4) and the interior of the cooling tubes (3A) and or an intermediate bottom (8B ') which fluidly separates the heating chamber (2) from the heating chamber (2C) and has funnel-shaped transition pieces between the bulk material bunker (5A) and the interior of the heating pipes (2A).

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14. Device according to the preamble of claim 10, in particular according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the regeneration reactor (1) via a substantially vertical partition (1A ', 1 B') in two partial reactors (1A, 1 B ) with separate supply and discharge lines for bulk material and for fluid (6A ', 6A ", 6B', 6B") for connection to manifolds (6A, 6B) is divided.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the partial reactors are thermo-mechanically decoupled from each other.

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