EP2359433B1 - Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées - Google Patents

Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2359433B1
EP2359433B1 EP09809389.1A EP09809389A EP2359433B1 EP 2359433 B1 EP2359433 B1 EP 2359433B1 EP 09809389 A EP09809389 A EP 09809389A EP 2359433 B1 EP2359433 B1 EP 2359433B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating element
patch
element board
board
radiating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09809389.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2359433A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Philippakis
David Moore
Dean Kemp
Mahesh Patel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chelton Ltd
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Chelton Ltd
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Priority to EP09809389.1A priority Critical patent/EP2359433B1/fr
Publication of EP2359433A1 publication Critical patent/EP2359433A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an antenna that can be used with multiple satellite-based global positioning and navigation systems, such as both the NAVSTAR GPS and Galileo GNSS.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • GPS Globalstar GPS
  • a typical GPS receiver requires ranging signals from at least four GPS satellites to determine its position using geometry and trilateration.
  • the NAVSTAR GPS is based on transmission of ranging signals in frequency bands including L1 (1575 MHz), L2 (1227 MHz), L3 (1381 MHz) and L5 (1176. MHz), all having a bandwidth of 20 MHz.
  • Other satellite navigation systems use different, wider, frequency bands.
  • the new GNSS called Galileo which is to be deployed by the European Union, operates at frequency bands that are different to those used by the NAVSTAR GPS, including E5a (1166.45 to 1186.45 MHz) and E5b (1197.14 to 1211.14 MHz). Since the two E5 bands (E5a and E5b) are very close together, it can be assumed that both bands will be combined and have a combined bandwidth of 45 MHz.
  • the physical size of the antenna is related to the bandwidth of the system and as the bandwidth of the Galileo GNSS is more than double that of the NAVSTAR GPS, the size of the respective antennas differs.
  • the radiation pattern for the multi-standard airborne GNSS antenna is expected to have advanced characteristics in terms of coverage and more stringent requirements on its polarisation purity as compared to single band GPS antennas of today.
  • EP-A-0270209 discloses a dual band antenna and US5245745 discloses a method of making a thick-film patch antenna structure.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-standard radiator for a GNSS antenna, which can receive ranging signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands from different GNSS, whilst remaining an overall physical size that ensures that the antenna assembly can be backwards compatible with existing GPS fixtures/docketing stations and installations onboard a vehicle where it is to be used.
  • a radiating element board for use in a passive antenna, the radiating element board comprising a plurality of multi-layer radiating elements, each of which comprises:
  • FIG 1 is an exploded view of a multi-standard radiator 1, comprising a radiating element board 2 according to the present invention.
  • the radiating element board 2 is attached to a polarization forming network circuit board 3 and enclosed within a radome 4, which seals against a base-plate 5 that has grooves to accommodate components of the polarization forming network circuit board 3.
  • the radome 4 may be made from "PTFE", "Nylon” or a similar material, approximately 2.5mm thick.
  • the radome (4) is bonded, using an epoxy resin bond film, to the base-plate 5, which is ideally aluminium.
  • a gasket 7, preferably neoprene or plastic, may be provided to ensure a good seal between the radome 4 and the base-plate 5.
  • the radome can be directly glued on the base plate with structural adhesive.
  • An output 9 to the multi-standard radiator 1 is provided on the underside of the base-plate 5.
  • the radome may be a foam-filled radome, which is formed around the elements to keep the weight of the antenna low whilst ensuring high mechanical stability, at the same time preventing humidity ingress as well as mitigating adverse differential pressure effects.
  • Figure 2 shows an array of four passive radiating elements 10, which form a radiating element board 2 according to the present invention.
  • the elements 10 are arranged to form a substantially square radiating element board 2, wherein each element 10 is rotated 90 degrees from its neighbour and all elements 10 are rotated in the same direction.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 2 provides right-hand circular polarisation although it will be appreciated that lefthand polarisation could also be achieved were the elements orientated in the other direction.
  • Each passive radiating element 10 comprises two patches 11,12 separated by dielectric material 13, which is ideally an RF quality plastic material.
  • the dielectric material is, preferably, in a stratified dielectric form, based on dissimilar properties that are important in terms of electrical permittivity and which are determined both by the required frequency of operation of the corresponding patch plus limitations imposed on the maximum overall space the patch can occupy plus the minimum required bandwidth for the corresponding operation.
  • stratified dielectric material has been found to provide superior performance when compared with dielectric material in single form, as will be explained in more detail later on. However, a skilled person will recognise that, although stratified dielectric material is preferred, for the case of GPS/Galileo antenna there are many dielectric materials that can enable adequate operation in single form to satisfy reduced antenna specifications at a lower cost.
  • the dielectric material 13 provided in the radiating elements 10 of the present invention is substantially in the form of dielectric plates 13.
  • the space between the patches 11,12 could be filled with air or foam, as mentioned above.
  • the construction of the antenna therefore offers potential in terms of controlling the volume of the antenna while at the same time allows the capability of operation the antenna on substantially separated frequency bands.
  • This stems from the fact that a predefined maximum volumetric envelope can be made compatible with diverse frequency operation by ensuring that the electrical size of the antenna is suitable for the prescribed frequencies using common location for the feed and the short circuit position.
  • Such choice allows also the flexibility of introducing geometrical features required for the efficient and precise manufacturing and tuning using only widely available commercial quality RF materials without resorting to the need of specialised variants or sophisticated production methods.
  • a second, physically larger, patch 12 is provided on an inner layer of each element 10, with a dielectric plate 13 provided either side of it, and covers the GPS and Galileo (both E5A and E5B) frequency bands simultaneously.
  • the passive radiating elements 10 are constructed using standard multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) technology, i.e. several substrate layers bonded together to create a thick multi-layer assembly.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the dielectric material 13, provided on the radiating element 10 between the patches 11,12 and on either side of the inner patch 12, ensures that proper operation in terms of antenna voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is achieved by causing the antenna to resonate to the bands of interest. In addition, this ensures that the overall physical size of the antenna 1 is backwards compatible with existing GPS fixtures/docking stations and installations onboard vehicles, such as commercial aircraft, where it is to be used.
  • VSWR antenna voltage standing wave ratio
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of radiating elements 10 in a radiating element board 2 according to the present invention without the dielectric material 13 shown.
  • Both the outer patches 11 and inner patches 12 of each radiating element 10 are short circuited by wires 14 passing through one of their edges, the wires 14 connecting both patches 11,12 to ground in order that a quarter-wave operation is achieved and to make sure that the overall mechanical size is physically controlled.
  • the short circuits 14 are collocated on the edges of each outer patch 11 and inner patch 12. This alignment is very useful when manufacturing the overall antenna assembly because the short circuit positioning can act as an alignment guide when aligning the patches 11,12.
  • the alignment of the short circuit 14 is also useful for tuning the antenna, especially the inner patch 12, as it enables the radiating edge of the inner patch 12 to be exposed.
  • the dielectric plates 13 provide an enhanced flexibility over dielectric plates 13 in single form, which allows the electrical distances from feed points to the short circuit 14 at two different bands for the patches 11,12 to be equalised, while maintaining the same mechanical distance.
  • the electrical distance between the feed wire and short circuit 14 has to be the same for both the outer patch 11 and the inner patch 12. This can be achieved when the effective dielectric properties of the patches 11,12 is appropriate and finely tuned taking into account the different frequencies and bands that the two patches 11,12 can operate.
  • this resonance operation is achieved when the feed is loaded by an additional effective reactance X1 and X2 respectively.
  • the part of the antenna offering this resonance reactance is that formed between the feeding point and the short circuit formation.
  • this section behaves as two stacked short transmission line of common length ds loaded in the other end by inductances La and Lb representing in a realistic electrical way the metal plated short circuit via holes or any other alternative realisation.
  • the way of synthesizing the required resonance reactances within the disclosed antenna is through control of the characteristic impedances Za and Zb as well as propagation constants ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the effective transmission lines offered by the section of the antenna to the short circuit location.
  • the short circuit inductances La, Lb can be transformed to resonance impedance X1, X2 at the centre of the two different operational bands with a suitable choice of the two bulk electric permittivity's ⁇ a, ⁇ b and a common value ds for the separation of the feed point and the short circuit location for both upper and lower patch.
  • the precise determination for the values of the of ⁇ a, ⁇ b and ds is the outcome of mathematical optimisation based on a detailed electromagnetic modelling.
  • the optimisation objective of the design is the bandwidth required per band as well as the maximum Return loss (or VSWR) that can be tolerated at the band edges.
  • the mathematical process can also yield a solution for the ⁇ a, ⁇ b and ds under the constrain that the upper and lower patches offer a gap between their edges of a given size g suitable for the accommodation of tuning teeth on the bottom patch practically accessible from above.
  • a typical value for g is of the order of 5mm.
  • the dielectric plates 13 may be formed from stratifying regular commercial dielectric materials, found in most material manufacturer's standard product ranges, which offer a distinct but limited range of dielectric constants to synthesize the desired dielectric properties. This synthesis is achieved by using one or more regular commercial materials with a suitable thickness, which is dictated by the bulk dielectric constant that is to be synthesized, as outlined above.
  • the shorting wires are preferably formed using plated through-holes, or vias.
  • alternative means of short circuiting the patches 11,12 to ground can also be used and specifically engineered for a particular application.
  • the number of wires 14 and their diameters also need to be accurately controlled.
  • the wires can be thought as a series additional inductive loading of an otherwise resonant cavity formation. Therefore a suitable choice for their number and diameter can affect both the precise resonant frequencies for a given antenna element size and arrangement as well as its bandwidth at resonance.
  • other means of short circuiting can be used in terms of strips of metal.
  • each of the patches 11,12 also has a serrated edge, preferably provided on the side opposite to the side that is short circuited. These serrated edges form tuning teeth, which enable fine tuning of the antenna after assembly where, in a controlled fashion, some teeth 15 can be physically removed up to the point that the frequency operation fits the required frequency bands.
  • tuning teeth 15 By arranging the tuning teeth 15 along the same side of each of the patches 11, 12, when multiple radiating assembly boards are arranged to form an antenna, tuning is possible by modifying and/or removing teeth 15 with no negative effect on the quality of circular polarisation.
  • the dielectric plates 13 do not extend over the teeth 15 of the inner patch 12, which allows them to be adjusted assembly of the antenna.
  • teeth are regularly distributed over the length of the single radiating edges of both the upper and lower patches.
  • typical teeth lengths of the order of 5mm it is possible to precisely tune the antenna to within a fraction of a MHz.
  • the regularity of teeth distribution allows us easily to apply the same tuning modification to all the corresponding patches of the array formation maintaining thus the symmetry which is essential for good circular polarisation performance.
  • different numbers of teeth and teeth lengths are possible depending on the configuration required.
  • FIG 4 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 3 , showing each element 10 having a feeding structure comprising an individual feed pin 16 passing through it.
  • the feed pin 16 originates at the outer patch 11, passes through a hole 17 provided in the inner patch 12 and then out through the base of the radiation element board 2.
  • the feed pins 16 therefore connect each individual element 10 to the circuit board 3.
  • a feed signal may be fed into the element via a cylinder 18 provided in the lower portion of an element 10, with a feed pin 16 passing through the cylinder to connect it to the lower portion of the element and hence inner patch 12, as the feed pin 16 passes up through the hole 17 provided in the inner patch 12 to connect with the outer patch 11.
  • the inserted metallic coaxial cylinder 18 loading the feeding wire serves to offer an incremental transmission line in series enabling a degree of freedom in terms of a conventional impedance transformation with cascading lines of different characteristic impedance. It can also be used as an additional mainly shunt capacitive element loading of the feeding point
  • one or two discs 19 may be provided in the upper and lower portions, respectively, of the element 10 that the feed pin 16 passes through, thereby connecting the outer patch 11 and the inner patch 12 to the circuit board 3.
  • This disc 19 loaded feeding 16 allows mainly a distributed loading of the line which can resemble a loaded LC - inductor capacitance low pass section
  • FIG. 5(c) Another option, shown in Figure 5(c) , is to feed a signal through feed pin 16 in the proximity of to one or more parasitically excited tuning posts 20 provided at the base of an element 10, at the side of the hole 8 that the feed pin 16 passes through to enter the element 10.
  • parasitic stub 20 loading of the feeding point 16 this arrangement, though mainly of capacitive nature, can also be envisaged in general as a series LC inductor-capacitance section loading in parallel the driving point impedance.
  • FIG. 21 Yet another option is to provide a slot 21 in the base of an element 10, as shown in Figure 5(d) .
  • the slot 21 is substantially perpendicular to a metallic strip 22 provided in the circuit board 3 that the element is mounted on.
  • electromagnetic radiation 23 excites element 10 to the inner and outer patches 12, 11.
  • Coupling through a slot 21 is useful as such an arrangement requires neither a feed wire nor soldering, although it does add another layer.
  • antennas can demonstrate better axial ratio performance over wider elevation angular ranges and enhanced bandwidth performance.
  • the slot 21 and the open circuited (in one of its ends after the slot) feeding line 22 provide equivalent higher order circuit loading to the feeding line 22.
  • the slot acts as a series transformer and the open circuited termination of the feeding line 22 acts as a series Inductor and parallel capacitance loading. All these extra degrees of freedom allow enhanced flexibility in matching the structure.
  • An advantage of the alternative feeding arrangements is that they offer additional degrees of freedom and act in effectively building higher order matching network features that can help compensate the off resonance equivalent feeding reactance over an increased bandwidth as compared to the simple single feeding feature disclosed.
  • the additional matching features are precisely determined as part of the same mathematical electromagnetic optimisation design methodology previously described.
  • the individual feed pins 16 connect each of the elements 10 to a circuit board 3, which is part of a circular polarization-forming network such as the one shown in Figure 6 .
  • the network combines the input from each of the elements 10 which is rotated 90 degrees from its neighbour, to provide a common output of the antenna 1, preferably via a TNC connector 9 provided on the antenna base 5, as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the antenna 1 can be connected to an external pre-amplifier box (not shown) by means of a short RF quality cable which is ideally, but not essentially, less than 300mm in length.
  • the pre-amplifier can be directly integrated with the structure, preferably with the polarization-forming network board.
  • Low dispersion implementations are always important for ensuring the group delay of the antenna 1 is not compromised.
  • the intimate connection of a suitable network with the radiating element board 2 is important for proper function.
  • the advantages of forming the radiating element board 2 as described above are two-fold. Firstly, it allows a single feed per element 10 yet a good quality RHCP is produced when the elements 10 are fed with signals with a progressive phase sequence; and, secondly, a radiation pattern with significant coverage can result for directions close to the horizon, as shown in Tables 7(a) and 7(b).
  • the good coverage at directions close to the horizon is in addition to the outcome of the precise sequential array arrangement of the elements 10 and the fact that the effective points where radiation is emanating is confined only in the space between adjacent elements 10 and not through both opposite edges for each elements 10 as in conventional GNSS patch antennas.
  • Figure 8(a) and also Figure 8(b) which shows the circled area of Figure 8(a) in more detail, show the measured radiation patterns performance in relation to the EUROCAE template for future multi-standard GNSS antennas.
  • These templates on one hand ensure that the antenna is sensitive over a broad angular range in the upper radiation hemisphere and on the other hand the radiation is not stronger than required in order to minimise the susceptibility of the GNSS system to unwanted strong emissions from external interference sources.
  • the present arrangement performs well on both aspects.
  • the antenna 1 is expected to conform to other GNSS system pattern templates in present or evolved forms.
  • the radiating elements 10 of the present invention are required to have a thickness that depends on the desired frequency and bandwidth requirements for an antenna.
  • the elements 10 are required to be of a thickness that cannot be manufactured as a single block by conventional methods. Therefore, two separate blocks are manufactured to provide an upper layer with a patch 11 provided on it and a lower layer with a patch 12 provided on it. These layers can then be fixed together preferably using conductive adhesive, although other suitable conductive joining means could be used, to form a radiating element 10 having the necessary thickness.
  • the upper layer although having substantially the same width as the lower layer, has a shorter length than the lower layer, thereby providing a step on which a portion of the inner patch 12 can be exposed when the two layers are connected to form the radiating element 10. Furthermore, in addition to having the outer patch 11 printed on its top surface, the upper layer also has a dummy lower patch printed on its underside, which is used to match the upper layer up with the inner patch 12 provided on the lower layer when fixing the two layers together. In this way the short circuit vias forms a continuous low resistance path conductively connecting the upper patch 11, the lower patch 12 and the base plate 2. Similar effects are ensured for the feed via or wires.
  • the elements 10 are arranged on the circuit board 3 with each element 10 being rotated 90 degrees from its neighbour, with all elements 10 being rotated in the same direction.
  • An additional benefit of these gaps is that they allow radiation to escape between the elements 10, rather than only from around the outer edges, and this results in the formation of good radiation patterns.
  • the antenna 1 is fabricated using several multi-layer PCB elements. Since the bandwidth requirement is very large, the PCB is, in this instance, created from three PCBs that are bonded together using a patterned conductive bond film. The PCB is made as one complete block, but with slots machined to separate the four radiating elements and to expose the tuning teeth 15 on the lower patch.
  • An alternative construction approach would be to make the whole element board 2 from a single multi-layer PCB with plated via holes through the entire element board 2. This depends on the capability of the PCB manufacturer and is dependent on factors such as the specific thickness of the PCB and the aspect ratio of the plated via holes.
  • the antenna described herein is designed to operate at GPS band L1 and Galileo bands E5a and E5b.
  • L1 and Galileo bands E5a and E5b are designed to operate at alternative GNSS bands, for example L1/L2 or L1/L3.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) qui va être utilisée dans une antenne passive, la plaque à éléments rayonnants comportant une pluralité d'éléments rayonnants multicouche (10) chacun d'eux comprenant:
    une première plaque (11) prévue sur une première couche et servant à recevoir des signaux dans une première bande de fréquences; et
    une deuxième plaque (12) prévue sur une deuxième couche et servant à recevoir des signaux dans une deuxième bande de fréquences,
    caractérisée en ce que la pluralité d'éléments rayonnants est disposée sur la plaque à éléments rayonnants de manière à ce que chaque élément rayonnant soit tourné séquentiellement d'un angle prédéterminé par rapport à son élément voisin, tous les éléments étant mis en rotation dans le même sens et dans le même plan, caractérisée en ce que chaque plaque est court-circuitée à la terre le long de l'un de ses bords de sorte que le rayonnement multi-bande ne peut s'échapper qu'à partir d'une fente virtuelle prévue essentiellement le long du bord opposé des plaques correspondantes; caractérisée en ce que chaque plaque (11,12) comporte des dents crantées (15) qui sont prévues le long d'un premier bord en face du bord court-circuité à la terre pour les besoins de la bande large et de l'accord.
  2. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les première et deuxième plaques (11,12) de chaque élément rayonnant sont séparées par un diélectrique (13).
  3. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le diélectrique (13) est prévu sous une forme stratifiée.
  4. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'angle prédéterminé de rotation de chaque élément par rapport à son élément voisin et de 90 degrés.
  5. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque plaque (11,12) est court-circuitée à la terre au moyen d'une pluralité de trous traversants plaqués qui sont prévus le long du bord de la plaque.
  6. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les courts-circuits dans chacune des plaques (11,12) qui comprend un élément rayonnant (10) sont alignés.
  7. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément rayonnant comporte par ailleurs une structure d'alimentation qui sert à le connecter, en cours d'usage, à un circuit imprimé qui comporte un réseau formant la polarisation.
  8. Elément rayonnant (2) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la structure d'alimentation comprend un cylindre essentiellement coaxial à travers lequel peut passer une broche d'alimentation, ou bien cette même structure comprend un ou plusieurs disques à travers lesquels peut passer une broche d'alimentation, ou bien cette même structure comprend un ou plusieurs montants prévus à la base de l'élément, ou bien cette même structure comprend une fente à la base de l'élément à travers laquelle se propage le rayonnement électromagnétique.
  9. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la première plaque (11) reçoit les signaux NAVSTAR GPS, et/ou la deuxième plaque (12) reçoit les signaux Galileo GPS.
  10. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la première bande de fréquences est L1 (1565-1585 MHz), L2 (1227 MHz), L3 (1381 MHz) ou L5 (1176 MHz).
  11. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la deuxième bande de fréquences est comprise entre 1166 et 1211 MHz (E5).
  12. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant par ailleurs un préamplificateur connecté au réseau formant la polarisation.
  13. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui est scellée à l'intérieur d'un radôme (4).
  14. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le radôme (4) est rempli de mousse autour des éléments (10).
  15. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la réalisation de chaque élément rayonnant (10) comprend une couche supérieure dotée d'une plaque extérieure (11) et une couche inférieure dotée d'une plaque intérieure (12), les deux couches étant prévues séparément avant d'être assemblées, au moyen d'un produit conducteur approprié, pour former l'élément rayonnant.
  16. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce qu'une surface de métallisation factice est formée sur le dessous de la couche supérieure et puis elle est réunie à la surface supérieure de la couche inférieure pour assembler les deux couches.
  17. Plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisée en ce que la couche supérieure et la couche inférieure de chaque élément rayonnant sont assemblées au moyen d'un adhésif conducteur.
  18. Radiateur comportant une plaque à éléments rayonnants (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP09809389.1A 2008-08-28 2009-08-28 Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées Active EP2359433B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09809389.1A EP2359433B1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2009-08-28 Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08163188A EP2159878A1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées
EP09809389.1A EP2359433B1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2009-08-28 Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées
PCT/GB2009/002087 WO2010023454A1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2009-08-28 Réseau d'antennes planaires empilées

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2359433A1 EP2359433A1 (fr) 2011-08-24
EP2359433B1 true EP2359433B1 (fr) 2017-09-27

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EP08163188A Withdrawn EP2159878A1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées
EP09809389.1A Active EP2359433B1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2009-08-28 Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08163188A Withdrawn EP2159878A1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 Réseau d'antennes à plaques empliées

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2159878A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2644589T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010023454A1 (fr)

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EP2359433A1 (fr) 2011-08-24
WO2010023454A1 (fr) 2010-03-04
EP2159878A1 (fr) 2010-03-03

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