EP2351635A2 - Product with balsa wood and method for its production - Google Patents

Product with balsa wood and method for its production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2351635A2
EP2351635A2 EP20110003323 EP11003323A EP2351635A2 EP 2351635 A2 EP2351635 A2 EP 2351635A2 EP 20110003323 EP20110003323 EP 20110003323 EP 11003323 A EP11003323 A EP 11003323A EP 2351635 A2 EP2351635 A2 EP 2351635A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
balsa wood
balsa
end grain
strips
wood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20110003323
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2351635A3 (en
EP2351635B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
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3A Technology and Management AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3A Technology and Management AG filed Critical 3A Technology and Management AG
Priority to EP11003323.0A priority Critical patent/EP2351635B1/en
Priority to SI200931577A priority patent/SI2351635T1/en
Publication of EP2351635A2 publication Critical patent/EP2351635A2/en
Publication of EP2351635A3 publication Critical patent/EP2351635A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2351635B1 publication Critical patent/EP2351635B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
    • B27N3/143Orienting the particles or fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/005Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and foam
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24066Wood grain
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24132Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in different layers or components parallel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31975Of cellulosic next to another carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31978Cellulosic next to another cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31986Regenerated or modified
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31989Of wood

Definitions

  • the invention relates to end grain body according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for their preparation.
  • Balsa wood is a very light and easy to work type of wood. In addition to its use as a raft construction and as a cork replacement, balsa wood is used by model builders for aircraft and ship models. Balsa wood, however, has the greatest importance as a core material of composite materials in sandwich construction, for example in boat, ship and yacht construction, in aviation, such as in sailing and light aircraft construction, in space travel and as a core or core material of rotor blades of e.g. Wind turbines. The good insulating properties of balsa wood are also used for insulation against heat and cold, for example, from fuel tanks. In the technical field of application, the low volume weight and the unusually high compressive strength in relation to the low raw weight are exploited parallel to the fiber flow.
  • DE-U1-20 2007 007 516 describes a medium-density wood fiber board consisting of balsa wood fibers and glue, the balsa wood fibers are obtained from wood chips.
  • a plate with balsa wood fibers aligned parallel to the surface of the plate is shown.
  • US-A-4,689,257 describes a plywood laminate which may also have a wood grain layer as the innermost core material, with the end grain layer overlaid on both sides by glass fiber or plywood layers.
  • US-A-4,204,900 describes the production of thin balsa wood leaves for modeling, whereby two balsa veneer layers are glued together. The grain direction of the balsa leaves is in the leaf plane.
  • US-A-4,208,369 describes the production of Balsahirnholz panels from Balsaholzstämmen, the peeled and dried logs placed in a support frame, the surface of which are provided with adhesive and glued together under a vertical pressure. The desired Balsahirnholz panels are obtained by cross-sawing the glued logs.
  • middle layer material For the applications mentioned at the beginning, so-called middle layer material is often produced.
  • four-sided processed balsa also called Kantelhölzer or Balsakanteln
  • This light end grain board can absorb very strong compressive forces over the surface, but is very unstable in itself.
  • plastic plates reinforced with glass, plastic or carbon fibers plastic sheets or layers, metal plates or sheets, wood panels, veneers, fabrics, foils, etc. on the middle layer material or a end grain, you get high-strength composite materials.
  • the end grain board is glued on one side with a thin fiber fleece, knitted fabric or fabric and carved from the opposite side cuboid or cube-shaped to a thin web.
  • the prepared plate can be made in any concave or convex shape and can be a curved shape, such as a boat or buoyancy body or a ball tank, adapted.
  • Balsa wood is a natural product. Therefore, the characteristics of the balsa wood within the woods of a harvest to sections of one Tree trunk change. This applies, for example, to bulk density, shrinkage, compressive strength, tensile strength, etc., and the proportion of pores may vary. Deficiencies in the trunks, such as internal cracks, so-called red-core or water-heart, fibrous tangles or mineral spots, unless removed prematurely with loss of wood, can influence the regularity of the properties of a end grain board.
  • the invention has for its object to use the wood better and end grain wood body containing balsa with at least approximately the same or better properties than the natural Balsahölzer to describe and propose a method for their rational production.
  • balsa wood veneers, balsa wood chips, balsa wood strands or balsa wood strips are aligned in particular according to their fiber direction or fiber orientation and the fiber profile of the individual chips can be from 0 ° to 30 °, suitably 0 ° to 10 ° and preferably from 0 ° to 3 °, from an axis in Diverge in the direction of the ideal fiber path.
  • the deviation of the fiber profile of the individual balsa wood veneers, balsa wood chips, balsa wood strands or balsa wood strips is as close as possible to 0 ° (angular degree) from an axis in the direction of the ideal fiber path.
  • the fiber profile of all Balsaholzfurniere, Balsaholzs Georgne, Balsaholzstrands or Balsaholzst Shape in the molding should be as parallel as possible and deviate from the axis in the direction of the ideal fiber flow not more than 30 °, the ideal fiber direction describes that direction of grain, in which all balsa wood chips, Balsaholzstrands , Balsa wood strips or Balsaholzfurniere have the same fiber direction.
  • fiber or fiber direction is meant the direction of the straight and straight wood fibers extending in the growth direction of the log.
  • balsa wood chips may also be present in the end grain wood articles according to the invention.
  • the veneers, shavings, strands or strips of balsa wood are obtained from logs whose wood, for example, have a density of 0.07 to 0.25 g / cm 3 .
  • Soft balsa wood has a density of 0.07 to 0.125 g / cm 3 , medium hard balsa wood of 0.125 to 0.175 g / cm 3 and hard balsa wood of 0.175 to 0.25 g / cm 3 .
  • the size of the individual shavings can be, for example, from 40 to 400 mm in length, 4 to 40 mm in width and 0.3 to 2 mm in thickness for longitudinal shavings.
  • Falling chips from the processing of, for example, balsa wood boards, also end grain boards, may have a length of, for example, 10 to 50 mm, a width of 10 to 30 mm and 1 to 4 mm in thickness.
  • the chips are produced by peeling machining of logs or trunk sections.
  • the logs or trunk sections are processed, for example, in a ring chipper or knife ring chipper.
  • the logs are transported via a loading station in the cutting room. Swords placed in the cutting room hold the logs in position during the cutting stroke.
  • the wood is machined parallel to the fiber, creating rectangular chips with a smooth surface and a very low proportion of fines.
  • the shavings which are preferably used in the present invention also include the long thin flat shavings called "strands" which are peeled or cut tangentially to the stem diameter.
  • Elongated strands have, for example, a length of 10 to 15 cm, a width of 2 to 3 cm and a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm.
  • fissures i. chips generated by splitting.
  • the chips, resp. Strands are usually produced from fresh logs and, after machining, the chips are dried, preferably in a drum dryer. Subsequently, the shavings can be graded by sifting and sieving according to size and density, sifted and sieved and stored on a case by case basis.
  • the chips are glued in particular.
  • the chips are coated uniformly with the intended amount of adhesive by pre-coating or direct coating, eg in a gluing drum, by spraying, sprinkling or dusting and mixing or by dipping.
  • the glued chips can be mixed case by case from fractions of different density and / or size - processed into moldings.
  • the glued chips are sprinkled or poured onto a forming line and aligned as needed by measures such as vibration, shaking, sifting in the air flow etc. in the most parallel possible fiber flow.
  • the bed may be batched on a table but is preferably run on a continuously moving belt. It can trimmed the edges and a preliminary thickness can be determined by doctoring or between rollers.
  • the fill on the belt can then pass through a pressing device, such as roller pairs, a belt press, etc., wherein a pre-compression of the heaped chips takes place.
  • the adhesive is activated, for example, in a continuous furnace and / or a double belt press or a heated continuous press, wherein the adhesive foams and the chips are mutually bonded separately.
  • planks of mutually bonded chips or strands There are planks of mutually bonded chips or strands.
  • the one side edge of these planks depends on the apparatus conditions and their extent may be, for example, 10 cm, preferably 50 cm, up to 300 cm.
  • the second side edge may extend, for example, from 1 cm, advantageously from 50 cm, to 300 cm, with 10 cm to 15 cm being particularly preferred. Since the boards can be made continuously, their length is freely adjustable. For practical reasons of further processing, the length is usually from 100 cm to 300 cm.
  • planks can be fabricated with exactly determinable side edges and any length, ie the planks can be mass-produced with rectified fiber flow, stacked into stacks and glued together. From the stacks with rectified fiber flow, the end grain bodies according to the invention, such as end grain boards, can be cut off, as sawed off or cut off, transversely to the fiber flow.
  • the stems can be processed by tangential cutting, for example in a veneer peeling machine into thin layers of wood, so-called veneers.
  • the wood layers can be cut into balsa wood strips.
  • the length of the individual strips can be, for example, from 50 mm to 1000 mm, advantageously up to 500 mm and advantageously up to 300 mm.
  • the width of each strip may be from 10 mm to 1000 mm and the thickness from 0.3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the strips are further processed like the chips, ie the strips are glued in particular. For this purpose, the chips, for example coated with the intended amount of adhesive on all sides by spraying, brushing or dusting.
  • the glued strips can - if necessary mixed from fractions of different density and / or wood quality - be processed into shaped bodies.
  • the glued strips are layered on a forming line and aligned as needed by measures such as vibration, shaking, etc., in the most rectified or parallel fiber course on a table and preferably continuously running belt.
  • the adhesive is activated, wherein the adhesive foams, reacts chemically and the strips are mutually adhesively bonded to a molded body.
  • the width of the moldings, in particular plates depends on the circumstances of the apparatus and may for example be from 50 cm to 300 cm.
  • the plates can be manufactured continuously, their length is freely adjustable. For practical reasons, the length is from 100 cm to 500 cm.
  • the plates for example, a thickness of 2 cm to 30 cm, can be stacked one above the other with a rectified fiber flow and mutually adhered, whereby a block, for example, from 2 to 20 plates stacked on top of each other is produced. From this block, the sought end grain wood body, such as end grain wood panels, for example, a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm separated, as sawed off or cut off, can be transverse to the fiber flow.
  • the stems can be processed, for example, by tangential cutting, in a veneer peeling machine into thin wood layers, thus into balsa wood veneers in the form of veneer sheets, also wood sheets, peeled veneers, veneers or so-called veneers.
  • the veneer sheets are sprayed, brushed or dusted on all sides with the intended amount of adhesive coated.
  • the glued veneer sheets can - if necessary mixed from fractions of different density and / or wood quality - be layered into shaped bodies.
  • the glued veneer panels are layered with a rectified fiber flow into a block.
  • the adhesive By means of pressure and / or temperature, but also without external pressure or temperature action, the adhesive can be activated, wherein the adhesive foams, reacts chemically and the veneer sheets are mutually bonded to a molded body in block form.
  • the side edge length of the veneer sheets depends on the conditions of the apparatus and can be, for example, from 50 cm to 300 cm. For practical reasons, the length is from 100 cm to 250 cm.
  • the veneer sheets for example, in a thickness of 0.1 cm to 3 cm, are stacked or stacked with rectified fiber flow, the stack height is not critical and can be, for example, from 5 cm to 250 cm.
  • the adhesive between the veneer sheets these are glued to a block. It can be a block, for example, from 2 to 2000 stacked and glued veneer panels are produced.
  • the sought end grain wood body such as end grain wood panels, for example, a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm separated, as sawed off or cut off, can be transverse to the fiber flow.
  • the bonding can only take place in a form-retaining manner, ie without the application of an external pressure.
  • a foaming adhesive can act as an adhesive as well as a filler between the veneer sheets.
  • the applied pressure should be chosen such that the cell resp. Fiber structure of balsa wood is not changed or damaged, in particular, that the density of the balsa wood is not or only slightly changed by compression.
  • the pressing pressure should be set low because too high pressing pressure and the wood structure is compressed in total.
  • the applied pressure between two rollers and / or belts can be up to 50 bar, practical 0.5 to 5 bar.
  • the veneers, shavings, strands or strips can be glued and filled into a predetermined shape in a fiber path that is as parallel as possible and the mold can be closed on a case-by-case basis.
  • the bonding can take place with or without pressurization and the adhesive can react, set, resp., Without or by application of heat. Harden. Due to the foaming adhesive, the chips and the foam fill the mold and moldings can be produced according to the selected shape.
  • the chips are preferably glued with an intumescent 2-component PUR adhesive, the glued chips are filled into the predetermined shape in the same direction of the grain and the mold is closed.
  • the interstices between the chips fill and also the internal contours of the mold are replicated by the foam with the chips received therein.
  • volume expansion the shape is substantially completely filled.
  • a shape a closed in all three dimensions form can be used. It is also possible to produce shaped bodies whose cross-sectional shape is predetermined by a mold and with respect to the third dimension the shaped bodies are produced continuously or endlessly, for example on a belt or between two belts.
  • Foaming adhesives or foamed adhesives, and in particular foaming or foamed polyurethane-containing adhesives, are preferably used as adhesives.
  • Adhesives such as 2-component adhesives, in particular intumescent adhesives, for example based on PU, or 1-component adhesives, in particular intumescent adhesives, for example based on PU, for example those which react under the influence of moisture, can be used .
  • the moisture required for the reaction can be provided, for example, by the wood moisture alone or by moistening the wood.
  • the adhesives can under heat influence react, set or harden. It can react, set or cure the adhesives under pressure. Or, the adhesives can react, set or harden under the influence of heat and pressure.
  • Adhesives that react, cure or set without heat, thus enabling a cold curing or so-called “cold curing”.
  • Adhesives which react, set or harden without externally applied pressure are also favorable.
  • the adhesive in the interstices or adhesive joints between the chips or on the mutual bearing surfaces resp. Adhesive joints, the strip pass and fill in between pores, gaps or gaps partially and advantageously completely and create a release bond.
  • such acting PUR foams are both filler between the chips, as well as adhesive for connecting the chips.
  • the endorphins contain a wood and an adhesive component.
  • the wood content of a brain wood body may be, for example, from 60 to 95% by volume.
  • the adhesive is advantageously present in proportions of 1 to 40% by volume. In general, the adhesive is present in proportions of 1 to 15% by volume, suitably 2 to 10% by volume and preferably 3 to 5% by volume, based on the volume of the end grain body.
  • the reacted, such as foamed or set adhesive may have densities or densities of 50 kg / m 3 to 300 kg / m 3 .
  • the foamed adhesives advantageously have a density of 50 kg / m 3 to 240 kg / m 3 .
  • the reacted adhesive can, for example, have a 0 to 20% by weight higher or 0 to 20% by weight lower density, based on the density of the balsa wood surrounding the adhesive.
  • adhesives with densities of the reacted adhesive which are 0 to 10 wt% over or 0 to 10 wt% below the density of the surrounding balsa wood are preferred.
  • Foamed polyurethane adhesives are particularly suitable as adhesives with densities in the stated range.
  • the density of foamed adhesives refers to their density.
  • the balsa wood which is preferably processed into end grain wood bodies, is a natural product, it has different densities or specific weights, depending on the type of plant, location or growth effects, etc. In the present case, preference is given to woods with densities of about 80 to 200 kg / m 3 . With respect to the end-grain wood articles of the present invention in practical use, a density of, for example, less than 160 kg / m 3 is advantageous.
  • Favorable room weights are 80 to 160 kg / m 3 , advantageously the space weights are 100 to 140 kg / m 3 and in particular 120 kg / m 3 .
  • the veneers, shavings, strands or strips of wood of different density can be mixed as a measure, the veneers, shavings, strands or strips of wood of different density.
  • Another measure is the choice of the adhesive taking into account its density. In the case of intumescent adhesives, its density can be taken into account and the degree of foaming can be influenced in order to influence the volumetric weight of the shaped body.
  • the measures can also be combined.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the production of the end grain wood body according to the invention.
  • the inventive method has the features of claim 11. Advantageous embodiments of the method are described in the claims dependent on claim 11.
  • the balsa wood chips, balsa wood strands, balsa wood strips or Balsaholzfurniere solidified in a double belt press is preferably used in proportions of from 1 to 40% by volume, suitably from 1 to 15% by volume, particularly suitably from 2 to 10% by volume and preferably from 3 to 5% by volume, based on the volume of the end grain used.
  • the shaped articles are beams, planks or plates which are now transversely to the fiber path in e.g. End grain boards can be shared.
  • a plurality of veneer sheets, beams or planks which typically have a polygonal, in particular rectangular, cross-section, can be further stacked into blocks having a rectified grain or substantially parallel grain, mutually glued and split across the grain into end grain panels such as trimmed, sawn, etc., become. If the process is conducted in such a way that instead of beams or planks, the moldings are produced as plates, the plates can be stacked into blocks and glued together. The grain or the fiber direction in the plate block is rectified and across the grain, the end grain plates can be separated from the block.
  • the end grain wood bodies obtained according to the invention can be used in the same way as the panels produced so far.
  • end grain wood panels can be used in the same way as the panels produced so far.
  • plastic plates reinforced with glass, plastic or carbon fibers plastic sheets or layers, metal plates or sheets, wood panels, veneers, fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens, films, etc. on the middle layer material or a end grain board.
  • end grain bodies according to the invention in particular end grain boards, can be glued on one side to nonwoven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knits or fabrics and can be cut into cubes or cuboids from the other side to a small residual thickness in the direction of the fiber flow.
  • the thus processed plate is thereby bendable and can be brought into concave or convex shape.
  • balsa wood With the present method, it is possible to utilize the balsa wood to a much greater extent for end-grain wood bodies, such as end-grain wood panels, than was previously possible.
  • a yield of only 24% can be achieved with conventional methods.
  • a yield of 60 to 70% is achieved.
  • almost all parts of the Balsaholzstammes at least as long as the parts are still aligned according to their fiber orientation, be recycled or it can be peeled without waste or very low waste and peeling products are fully utilized.
  • Balsa wood can be glued very well and permanently.
  • the strength of the glue joint may be, may be lower or exceed the strength of the surrounding wood fabric.
  • the adhesive in the adhesive joints may for example also form an actual support structure or a supporting network, which lead to even pressure and / or tear-resistant materials or the adhesive may reduce or increase the elasticity of a Balsaholzteils.
  • the adhesive joints may also contain reinforcing materials such as fibers, for example as part of the adhesive.
  • the end grain bodies according to the invention can be used in many ways. For example, they are starting materials or finished products in the field of laminates, sandwich materials or the so-called composites.
  • the end grain wood bodies can form parts of rotors, propellers and wind blades for windmills or wind-driven generators or turbines, in particular cores or core materials in wings, rotors , Shovels or shovels.
  • Favorable volume weights for the cores or as core materials for the stated purposes are 80 to 160 kg / m 3 , advantageously the space weights are 100 to 140 kg / m 3 and in particular 120 kg / m 3 .
  • the end grain cores may be used, for example, as core material or laminate in means of transport such as ceilings, floors, false floors, wall coverings, covers, etc. in boats, ships, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, etc. Due to the low density of the end grain wood body, these can serve as a substitute for conventional lightweight and core materials, such as honeycomb body, foams, etc.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 Based on FIGS. 1 to 4
  • the present invention is illustrated by way of example.
  • FIG. 1 represents a screed or a section of a Balsaholzstamm (2).
  • the arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the fiber profile.
  • Arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow.
  • Q represents the cross-sectional area, ie the cross-section of the fiber.
  • Arrow (R) points in the direction of the radial section surface.
  • Arrow (T) points towards the tangential interface.
  • FIG. 2 a section of a balsa wood trunk (2) is shown.
  • the arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the fiber flow.
  • arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow.
  • Q represents the cross-sectional area.
  • a chip (3) is sketchily taken from the trunk (2). The fiber course in the chip (3) also runs in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a shaped body in the form of a screed (4) of mutually bonded chips (3).
  • the screed has a side edge of a length S 1 and a second side edge S 2 .
  • the fiber course of all chips (3) lies in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow.
  • only two chips (3) have been designated. It is clear that the chips (3) abut each other as closely as possible.
  • the mutual fiber profile of the chips is as parallel as possible, resp. deviating at most at an angle, as indicated above, in the axis in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • the spaces inevitably formed between the irregularly shaped chips are filled with adhesive.
  • the adhesive forms a separable connection of the chips with each other.
  • Q 1 denotes the cross-sectional area or brain sectional area of the screed.
  • the balsa fibers are cut transversely across this surface.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block (5) of a plurality of moldings in the form of plates (4) in the stack.
  • the plates (4) can in principle also the screed (4) FIG. 3 correspond, only the side edge S 1 is considerably enlarged relative to the second side edge S 2 , so that is to speak of a plate.
  • veneer sheets (4) sometimes referred to as wood sheets, peeled veneers, veneers or veneers, can be used.
  • the stacked plates (4) are connected to each other with adhesive separation. Conveniently, the same adhesive is used, which is used to produce the screed or plate.
  • all plates (4) of the fiber flow along, resp. aligned substantially parallel to an axis in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • Q 2 denotes the cross sectional area or brain sectional area of the block (5).
  • the Balsaholzmaschinen are severed across the surface Q 2 across.
  • the dashed lines (6) indicate cutting or sawing lines.
  • the cutting lines (6) can have any desired distance from each other and the distance depends, for example, on the intended use of the end grain board (8) to be cut off.
  • the block (5) is thus processed into a number of moldings, here to end grain wood boards (8).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The molded article contains balsa lumber, where balsa lumber contains balsa veneers, balsa chips, balsa strips or balsa strands aligned parallel to the grain direction, and contains adhesive between the balsa chips, balsa strips or balsa strands. The balsa veneers, balsa chips, balsa strips or balsa strands are aligned after the grain direction. An independent claim is included for a method for manufacturing a molded article.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Hirnholzkörper nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.The invention relates to end grain body according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for their preparation.

Balsaholz ist eine sehr leichte und einfach zu bearbeitende Holzart. Nebst der Verwendung zum Flossbau und als Korkersatz wird Balsaholz bei Modellbauern für Flugzeug und Schiffsmodelle verwendet. Grösste Bedeutung hat Balsaholz jedoch als Kernwerkstoff von Verbundwerkstoffen in Sandwichbauweise, beispielsweise im Boots-, Schiff- und Yachtbau, in der Luftfahrt, wie im Segel- und Kleinflugzeugbau, in der Raumfahrt und als Kern oder Kernmaterial von Rotorblättern von z.B. Windkraftanlagen. Die guten Dämmeigenschaften des Balsaholzes werden auch zur Isolation gegen Wärme und Kälte, beispielsweise von Brennstofftanks, genutzt. Im technischen Anwendungsbereich macht man sich das geringe Volumengewicht und die im Verhältnis zur geringen Rohwichte aussergewöhnlich hohe Druckfestigkeit parallel zur Faserverlauf zunutze.Balsa wood is a very light and easy to work type of wood. In addition to its use as a raft construction and as a cork replacement, balsa wood is used by model builders for aircraft and ship models. Balsa wood, however, has the greatest importance as a core material of composite materials in sandwich construction, for example in boat, ship and yacht construction, in aviation, such as in sailing and light aircraft construction, in space travel and as a core or core material of rotor blades of e.g. Wind turbines. The good insulating properties of balsa wood are also used for insulation against heat and cold, for example, from fuel tanks. In the technical field of application, the low volume weight and the unusually high compressive strength in relation to the low raw weight are exploited parallel to the fiber flow.

DE-U1-20 2007 007 516 beschreibt eine mitteldichte Holzfaserplatte bestehend aus Balsaholzfasern und Leim, wobei die Balsaholzfasern aus Hackschnitzel gewonnen werden. Beispielhaft wird eine Platte mit parallel zur Plattenoberfläche ausgerichteten Balsaholzfasern gezeigt. DE-U1-20 2007 007 516 describes a medium-density wood fiber board consisting of balsa wood fibers and glue, the balsa wood fibers are obtained from wood chips. By way of example, a plate with balsa wood fibers aligned parallel to the surface of the plate is shown.

US-A-4,689,257 beschreibt ein Sperrholz-Laminat, welches auch eine Hirnholzschicht als innerstes Kernmaterial aufweisen kann, wobei die Hirnholzschicht beidseitig von Glaserfaser- oder Sperrholzschichten überlagert wird. US-A-4,689,257 describes a plywood laminate which may also have a wood grain layer as the innermost core material, with the end grain layer overlaid on both sides by glass fiber or plywood layers.

US-A-4,204,900 beschreibt die Herstellung dünner Balsaholzblätter für den Modelbau, wobei zwei Balsafurnierschichten gegenseitig verleimt werden. Die Faserrichtung der Balsaholzblätter verläuft in der Blattebene. US-A-4,208,369 beschreibt die Herstellung von Balsahirnholz-Paneelen aus Balsaholzstämmen, wobei die geschälten und getrockneten Stämme in ein Halterungsgerüst gelegt, deren Oberfläche mit Klebstoff versehen und unter senkrechter Druckeinwirkung miteinander verklebt werden. Die gewünschten Balsahirnholz-Paneele werden durch Quersägen der verleimten Stammblöcke gewonnen. US-A-4,204,900 describes the production of thin balsa wood leaves for modeling, whereby two balsa veneer layers are glued together. The grain direction of the balsa leaves is in the leaf plane. US-A-4,208,369 describes the production of Balsahirnholz panels from Balsaholzstämmen, the peeled and dried logs placed in a support frame, the surface of which are provided with adhesive and glued together under a vertical pressure. The desired Balsahirnholz panels are obtained by cross-sawing the glued logs.

Für die eingangs genannten Anwendungen wird oft sogenanntes Mittellagenmaterial hergestellt. Dazu werden vierseitig bearbeitete Balsabohlen, auch Kantelhölzer oder Balsakanteln genannt, zu grossen Blöcken, beispielsweise im Querschnitt etwa 600 x 1200 mm, verleimt und dann quer zum Faserverlauf zu Hirnholzplatten beliebiger Dicke, beispielsweise etwa 5 bis 50 mm, aufgesägt und anschliessend auf das genaue Dickenmass geschliffen. Diese leichte Hirnholzplatte kann über die Fläche sehr starke Druckkräfte aufnehmen, ist aber in sich sehr labil. Beispielsweise durch ein- oder beidseitiges Aufbringen, quer zur Faserverlauf, von Kunststoffplatten, von mit Glas-, Kunststoff- oder Carbonfasern verstärkten Kunststoffplatten oder -schichten, Metallplatten oder Blechen, Holzplatten, Furnieren, Geweben, Folien usw. auf das Mittellagenmaterial oder eine Hirnholzplatte, erhält man hochbelastbare Verbundwerkstoffe.For the applications mentioned at the beginning, so-called middle layer material is often produced. For this purpose, four-sided processed balsa, also called Kantelhölzer or Balsakanteln, into large blocks, for example in cross section about 600 x 1200 mm, glued and then transversely to the grain to endgrain wood panels of any thickness, for example about 5 to 50 mm, sawed and then to the exact Dickenmass ground. This light end grain board can absorb very strong compressive forces over the surface, but is very unstable in itself. For example, by one- or two-sided application, transverse to the grain, of plastic plates, reinforced with glass, plastic or carbon fibers plastic sheets or layers, metal plates or sheets, wood panels, veneers, fabrics, foils, etc. on the middle layer material or a end grain, you get high-strength composite materials.

Zur Konstruktion von stark gewölbten Bauteilen, wie z.B. bei der Herstellung von Rümpfen für Boote oder Segelyachten, wird die Hirnholzplatte einseitig mit einem dünnen Faservlies, Gewirke oder Gewebe beklebt und von der Gegenseite quader- oder würfelförmig bis auf einen dünnen Steg eingeritzt. Die so vorbereitete Platte lässt sich in beliebige konkave oder konvexe Form bringen und kann einer gewölbten Form, wie eines Boots- oder Auftriebkörpers oder eines Kugeltanks, angepasst werden.For the construction of strongly arched components, e.g. In the manufacture of hulls for boats or sailing yachts, the end grain board is glued on one side with a thin fiber fleece, knitted fabric or fabric and carved from the opposite side cuboid or cube-shaped to a thin web. The prepared plate can be made in any concave or convex shape and can be a curved shape, such as a boat or buoyancy body or a ball tank, adapted.

Balsaholz ist ein Naturprodukt. Deshalb können die Eigenschaften des Balsaholzes innerhalb der Hölzer einer Ernte bis hin zu Abschnitten aus einem Baumstamm sich ändern. Es betrifft dies beispielsweise die Rohdichte, der Schwund, die Druckfestigkeit, die Zugfestigkeit etc. und der Porenanteil kann schwanken. Fehlstellen in den Stämmen, wie Innenrisse, sog. Rotkern oder Wasserherz, Faserverknäuelungen oder Mineralflecken, sofern nicht frühzeitig unter Holzverlust entfernt, können die Regelmässigkeit der Eigenschaften einer Hirnholzplatte beeinflussen.Balsa wood is a natural product. Therefore, the characteristics of the balsa wood within the woods of a harvest to sections of one Tree trunk change. This applies, for example, to bulk density, shrinkage, compressive strength, tensile strength, etc., and the proportion of pores may vary. Deficiencies in the trunks, such as internal cracks, so-called red-core or water-heart, fibrous tangles or mineral spots, unless removed prematurely with loss of wood, can influence the regularity of the properties of a end grain board.

Da ein Balsaholzstamm rund ist, die daraus herzustellende Hirnholzplatte jedoch aus einer Vielzahl von rechteckigen Bohlen erzeugt wird, muss der Stamm in Faserrichtung, resp. dem Faserverlauf, und quer dazu zersägt werden. Die ausgesägten Bohlen werden dicht gestapelt, über die gegenseitigen Berührungsflächen verpresst und verklebt und danach quer zum Faserverlauf wieder zersägt. Durch das Abschälen der Baumrinde, das Absägen der Rundungen durch Sehnen- oder Tangentialschnitt und das Sägen in Platten oder Bohlen werden nur ca. 25% des verfügbaren Holzes für den technischen Einsatz genutzt. Der Rest fällt als Späne, Abschnitte und Sägemehl an.Since a Balsaholzstamm is round, however, the end grain wood plate to be produced from a variety of rectangular planks, the trunk in the fiber direction, resp. the grain, and be sawn across it. The sawn-out planks are stacked tightly, pressed and glued over the mutual contact surfaces and then sawn across the grain again. By peeling off the tree bark, sawing off the curves by tendon or tangential cutting and sawing in slabs or planks, only about 25% of the available wood is used for technical purposes. The rest is produced as chips, sections and sawdust.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Holz besser zu nutzen und Hirnholzkörper enthaltend Balsaholz mit zumindest annähernd den gleichen oder besseren Eigenschaften als die natürlichen Balsahölzer zu beschreiben und ein Verfahren zu deren rationellen Herstellung vorzuschlagen.The invention has for its object to use the wood better and end grain wood body containing balsa with at least approximately the same or better properties than the natural Balsahölzer to describe and propose a method for their rational production.

Zur erfindungsgemässen Lösung der Aufgabe führt ein Hirnholzkörper mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des Hirnholzkörpers sind in den von Anspruch 1 abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.For the inventive solution of the problem leads a brain wood body with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the end grain body are described in the dependent of claim 1 claims.

Die Balsaholzfurniere, Balsaholzspäne, Balsaholzstrands oder Balsaholzstreifen sind insbesondere nach deren Faserrichtung oder Faserverlauf ausgerichtet und der Faserverlauf der einzelnen Späne kann von 0° bis 30°, zweckmässig 0° bis 10° und vorzugsweise von 0° bis 3°, von einer Achse in Richtung des idealen Faserverlaufs abweichen. Idealerweise liegt die Abweichung des Faserverlaufs der einzelnen Balsaholzfurniere, Balsaholzspäne, Balsaholzstrands oder Balsaholzstreifen möglichst nahe bei 0° (Winkelgrad) von einer Achse in Richtung des idealen Faserverlaufs. Mit anderen Worten, der Faserverlauf aller Balsaholzfurniere, Balsaholzspäne, Balsaholzstrands oder Balsaholzstreifen im Formkörper soll möglichst parallel sein und von der Achse in Richtung des idealen Faserverlaufs nicht mehr als 30° abweichen, wobei die ideale Faserrichtung diejenige Faserrichtung beschreibt, bei der alle Balsaholzspäne, Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere dieselbe Faserrichtung aufweisen. Mit Faserverlauf oder Faserrichtung ist die Richtung der gestreckten und geraden Holzfasern, die sich in Wachstumsrichtung des Stammes erstrecken, gemeint.The balsa wood veneers, balsa wood chips, balsa wood strands or balsa wood strips are aligned in particular according to their fiber direction or fiber orientation and the fiber profile of the individual chips can be from 0 ° to 30 °, suitably 0 ° to 10 ° and preferably from 0 ° to 3 °, from an axis in Diverge in the direction of the ideal fiber path. Ideally, the deviation of the fiber profile of the individual balsa wood veneers, balsa wood chips, balsa wood strands or balsa wood strips is as close as possible to 0 ° (angular degree) from an axis in the direction of the ideal fiber path. In other words, the fiber profile of all Balsaholzfurniere, Balsaholzspäne, Balsaholzstrands or Balsaholzstreifen in the molding should be as parallel as possible and deviate from the axis in the direction of the ideal fiber flow not more than 30 °, the ideal fiber direction describes that direction of grain, in which all balsa wood chips, Balsaholzstrands , Balsa wood strips or Balsaholzfurniere have the same fiber direction. By fiber or fiber direction is meant the direction of the straight and straight wood fibers extending in the growth direction of the log.

Fallweise können auch Mischungen von Balsaholzspänen, Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen und/oder Balsaholzfurniere in den erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzkörpern gleichzeitig enthalten sein.In some cases, mixtures of balsa wood chips, balsa wood strands, balsa wood strips and / or balsa wood veneers may also be present in the end grain wood articles according to the invention.

Die Furniere, Späne, Strands oder Streifen aus Balsaholz werden aus Stämmen gewonnen, deren Holz beispielsweise eine Dichte von 0,07 bis 0,25 g/cm3 aufweisen. Weiches Balsaholz weist eine Dichte von 0,07 bis 0,125 g/cm3, mittelhartes Balsaholz von 0,125 bis 0,175 g/cm3 und hartes Balsaholz von 0,175 bis 0,25 g/cm3 auf.The veneers, shavings, strands or strips of balsa wood are obtained from logs whose wood, for example, have a density of 0.07 to 0.25 g / cm 3 . Soft balsa wood has a density of 0.07 to 0.125 g / cm 3 , medium hard balsa wood of 0.125 to 0.175 g / cm 3 and hard balsa wood of 0.175 to 0.25 g / cm 3 .

Die Grösse der einzelnen Späne kann für Längsspäne beispielsweise von 40 bis 400 mm in deren Länge, 4 bis 40 mm in deren Breite und 0,3 bis 2 mm in deren Dicke betragen. Abfallende Späne aus der Verarbeitung von beispielsweise Balsaholzplatten, auch Hirnholzplatten, können eine Länge von beispielsweise 10 bis 50 mm, eine Breite vom 10 bis 30 mm und 1 bis 4 mm in der Dicke aufweisen.The size of the individual shavings can be, for example, from 40 to 400 mm in length, 4 to 40 mm in width and 0.3 to 2 mm in thickness for longitudinal shavings. Falling chips from the processing of, for example, balsa wood boards, also end grain boards, may have a length of, for example, 10 to 50 mm, a width of 10 to 30 mm and 1 to 4 mm in thickness.

Als Späne kommen beispielsweise die bei der Verarbeitung der Stämme zu Bohlen anfallenden Balsaholzreste zur Anwendung, ferner Reste, die beimAs shavings come, for example, incurred in the processing of logs to planks Balsaholzreste used, also remnants of the

Zersägen oder Ablängen der Stämme oder Bohlen anfallen. Bevorzugt werden jedoch die Späne durch Schälbearbeitung von Stämmen oder Stammabschnitten erzeugt. Dazu werden die Stämme oder Stammabschnitte beispielsweise in einem Ring-Zerspaner oder Messerringzerspaner bearbeitet. Die Stämme werden über eine Beladestation in den Schneide-Raum befördert. Im Schneideraum angeordnete Schwerter halten die Stämme während des Spanhubes in Position. Das Holz wird parallel zur Faser zerspant, wodurch rechteckige Späne mit einer glatten Oberfläche bei sehr geringem Feingutanteil entstehen. Zu den in vorliegender Erfindung bevorzugt eingesetzten Späne gehören auch die als "Strands" bezeichneten langen dünnen Flachspäne, die tangential zum Stammdurchmesser geschält oder gemessert werden. Längliche Strands weisen beispielsweise eine Länge von 10 bis 15 cm, eine Breite von 2 bis 3 cm und eine Dicke von 0,5 bis 0,8 mm auf. Im Weiteren können auch Spaltlinge, d.h. durch Spalten erzeugte Späne, eingesetzt werden.Sawing or cutting down the logs or planks are incurred. Preferably, however, the chips are produced by peeling machining of logs or trunk sections. For this purpose, the logs or trunk sections are processed, for example, in a ring chipper or knife ring chipper. The logs are transported via a loading station in the cutting room. Swords placed in the cutting room hold the logs in position during the cutting stroke. The wood is machined parallel to the fiber, creating rectangular chips with a smooth surface and a very low proportion of fines. The shavings which are preferably used in the present invention also include the long thin flat shavings called "strands" which are peeled or cut tangentially to the stem diameter. Elongated strands have, for example, a length of 10 to 15 cm, a width of 2 to 3 cm and a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm. Furthermore, also fissures, i. chips generated by splitting.

Die Späne, resp. Strands, werden in der Regel aus frischem Rundholz erzeugt und nach dem Zerspanen werden die Späne, vorteilhaft in einem Trommeltrockner, getrocknet. Anschliessend können die Späne durch Sichten und Sieben nach Grösse und Dichte klassiert, gesichtet und gesiebt und fallweise gelagert werden. Die Späne werden insbesondere beleimt. Dazu werden die Späne mit der vorgesehenen Menge an Klebstoff durch Vorbeschichtung oder Direktbeschichtung, z.B. in einer Beleimungstrommel, durch Aufsprühen, Einstreuen oder Bestäuben und Mischen oder durch Eintauchen gleichmässig beschichtet. Die beleimten Späne könnenfallweise aus Fraktionen verschiedener Dichte und/oder Grösse gemischt - zu Formkörpern verarbeitet werden. In der Regel werden die beleimten Späne auf eine Formstrasse aufgestreut oder geschüttet und nach Bedarf durch Massnahmen, wie Vibration, Rütteln, Sichten im Luftstrom etc. in möglichst parallelem Faserverlauf ausgerichtet. Die Schüttung kann diskontinuierlich auf einem Tisch durchgeführt werden, wird jedoch vorzugsweise auf einem kontinuierlich laufenden Band ausgeführt. Es können die Ränder besäumt werden und durch Rakeln oder zwischen Rollen eine vorläufige Dicke bestimmt werden. Die Schüttung auf dem Band kann danach durch eine Pressvorrichtung, wie Walzenpaare, eine Bandpresse etc. laufen, wobei eine Vorverdichtung der aufgeschütteten Späne stattfindet. Anschliessend wird beispielsweise in einem Durchlaufofen und/oder einer Doppelbandpresse oder einer beheizten Durchlaufpresse der Klebstoff aktiviert, wobei der Klebstoff aufschäumt und die Späne gegenseitig trennfest verklebt werden. Durch viskoses Verhalten des Klebstoffes oder durch den Schäumprozess kann der Klebstoff in die Zwischenräume zwischen den Spänen gelangen und die Zwischenräume oder Klebefugen teilweise und vorteilhaft vollständig ausfüllen. Es entstehen Bohlen aus gegenseitig verklebten Spänen oder Strands. Die eine Seitenkante dieser Bohlen richtet sich nach den apparativen Gegebenheiten und deren Ausdehnung kann beispielsweise von 10 cm, vorteilhaft von 50 cm, bis zu 300 cm betragen. Die zweite Seitenkante kann sich beispielsweise von 1 cm, vorteilhaft von 50 cm, bis zu 300 cm erstrecken, wobei 10 cm bis 15 cm besonders bevorzugt sind. Da die Bohlen kontinuierlich gefertigt werden können, ist deren Länge beliebig einstellbar. Aus praktischen Gründen der Weiterverarbeitung beträgt die Länge in der Regel von 100 cm bis 300 cm. Die Bohlen können mit exakt bestimmbaren Seitenkanten und beliebiger Länge fabriziert werden, d.h. die Bohlen können masshaltig mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf gefertigt, zu Stapeln geschichtet und gegenseitig verklebt werden. Aus den Stapeln mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf lassen sich quer zum Faserverlauf die erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzkörper, wie Hirnholzplatten, abtrennen, wie absägen oder abschneiden.The chips, resp. Strands are usually produced from fresh logs and, after machining, the chips are dried, preferably in a drum dryer. Subsequently, the shavings can be graded by sifting and sieving according to size and density, sifted and sieved and stored on a case by case basis. The chips are glued in particular. For this purpose, the chips are coated uniformly with the intended amount of adhesive by pre-coating or direct coating, eg in a gluing drum, by spraying, sprinkling or dusting and mixing or by dipping. The glued chips can be mixed case by case from fractions of different density and / or size - processed into moldings. In general, the glued chips are sprinkled or poured onto a forming line and aligned as needed by measures such as vibration, shaking, sifting in the air flow etc. in the most parallel possible fiber flow. The bed may be batched on a table but is preferably run on a continuously moving belt. It can trimmed the edges and a preliminary thickness can be determined by doctoring or between rollers. The fill on the belt can then pass through a pressing device, such as roller pairs, a belt press, etc., wherein a pre-compression of the heaped chips takes place. Subsequently, the adhesive is activated, for example, in a continuous furnace and / or a double belt press or a heated continuous press, wherein the adhesive foams and the chips are mutually bonded separately. By viscous behavior of the adhesive or by the foaming process, the adhesive can get into the spaces between the chips and fill the gaps or glued joints partially and advantageously completely. There are planks of mutually bonded chips or strands. The one side edge of these planks depends on the apparatus conditions and their extent may be, for example, 10 cm, preferably 50 cm, up to 300 cm. The second side edge may extend, for example, from 1 cm, advantageously from 50 cm, to 300 cm, with 10 cm to 15 cm being particularly preferred. Since the boards can be made continuously, their length is freely adjustable. For practical reasons of further processing, the length is usually from 100 cm to 300 cm. The planks can be fabricated with exactly determinable side edges and any length, ie the planks can be mass-produced with rectified fiber flow, stacked into stacks and glued together. From the stacks with rectified fiber flow, the end grain bodies according to the invention, such as end grain boards, can be cut off, as sawed off or cut off, transversely to the fiber flow.

In ähnlicher Verfahrensweise können die Stämme durch Tangentialschnitt, beispielsweise in einer Furnierschälmaschine zu dünnen Holzlagen, sog. Veneers, verarbeitet werden. Nach einem Trocknungsschritt können die Holzlagen in Balsaholzstreifen geschnitten werden. Die Länge der einzelnen Streifen kann beispielsweise von 50 mm bis 1000 mm, zweckmässig bis 500 mm und vorteilhaft bis 300 mm betragen. Die Breite der einzelnen Streifen kann von 10 mm bis 1000 mm und die Dicke von 0,3 mm bis 10 mm betragen. Die Streifen werden wie die Späne weiter verarbeitet, d.h. die Streifen werden insbesondere beleimt. Dazu werden die Späne, z.B. mit der vorgesehenen Menge an Klebstoff allseitig durch aufsprühen, aufstreichen oder bestäuben beschichtet. Die beleimten Streifen können -- fallweise aus Fraktionen verschiedener Dichte und/oder Holzqualität gemischt - zu Formkörpern verarbeitet werden. In der Regel werden die beleimten Streifen auf eine Formstrasse geschichtet und nach Bedarf durch Massnahmen, wie Vibration, Rütteln etc. in möglichst gleichgerichtetem oder parallelem Faserverlauf auf einem Tisch und bevorzugt kontinuierlich laufenden Band ausgerichtet. Durch seitlichen Druck durch Rollen oder Wangen und gegebenenfalls vertikalen Druck durch ein Rakel, Band, Doppelband oder Rollen, gegebenenfalls bei gleichzeitiger Beheizung, wird der Klebstoff aktiviert, wobei der Klebstoff aufschäumt, chemisch reagiert und die Streifen gegenseitig zu einem Formkörper trennfest verklebt werden. Die Breite der Formkörper, insbesondere Platten, richtet sich nach den apparativen Gegebenheiten und kann z.B. von 50 cm bis 300 cm betragen. Da die Platten kontinuierlich gefertigt werden können, ist deren Länge beliebig einstellbar. Aus praktischen Gründen beträgt die Länge von 100 cm bis 500 cm. Die Platten, beispielsweise einer Dicke von 2 cm bis 30 cm, können mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf übereinander geschichtet und gegenseitig verklebt werden, wobei ein Block, beispielsweise aus 2 bis 20 übereinander geschichteten Platten erzeugt wird. Von diesem Block können quer zum Faserverlauf die gesuchten Hirnholzkörper, wie Hirnholzplatten, beispielsweise einer Dicke von 0,5 bis 5 cm abgetrennt, wie abgesägt oder abgeschnitten, werden.In a similar procedure, the stems can be processed by tangential cutting, for example in a veneer peeling machine into thin layers of wood, so-called veneers. After a drying step, the wood layers can be cut into balsa wood strips. The length of the individual strips can be, for example, from 50 mm to 1000 mm, advantageously up to 500 mm and advantageously up to 300 mm. The width of each strip may be from 10 mm to 1000 mm and the thickness from 0.3 mm to 10 mm. The strips are further processed like the chips, ie the strips are glued in particular. For this purpose, the chips, for example coated with the intended amount of adhesive on all sides by spraying, brushing or dusting. The glued strips can - if necessary mixed from fractions of different density and / or wood quality - be processed into shaped bodies. In general, the glued strips are layered on a forming line and aligned as needed by measures such as vibration, shaking, etc., in the most rectified or parallel fiber course on a table and preferably continuously running belt. By lateral pressure by rollers or cheeks and optionally vertical pressure by a squeegee, tape, double belt or rollers, optionally with simultaneous heating, the adhesive is activated, wherein the adhesive foams, reacts chemically and the strips are mutually adhesively bonded to a molded body. The width of the moldings, in particular plates, depends on the circumstances of the apparatus and may for example be from 50 cm to 300 cm. Since the plates can be manufactured continuously, their length is freely adjustable. For practical reasons, the length is from 100 cm to 500 cm. The plates, for example, a thickness of 2 cm to 30 cm, can be stacked one above the other with a rectified fiber flow and mutually adhered, whereby a block, for example, from 2 to 20 plates stacked on top of each other is produced. From this block, the sought end grain wood body, such as end grain wood panels, for example, a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm separated, as sawed off or cut off, can be transverse to the fiber flow.

In anderer als vorstehend beschriebener Verfahrensweise können die Stämme z.B. durch Tangentialschnitt, in einer Furnierschälmaschine zu dünnen Holzlagen, demnach zu Balsaholzfurnieren in Form von Furniertafeln, auch Holzblätter, Schälfurniere, Furniere oder sog. Veneers sind geeignet, verarbeitet werden. Die Furniertafeln als solche werden mit der vorgesehenen Menge an Klebstoff allseitig durch aufsprühen, aufstreichen oder bestäuben beschichtet. Die beleimten Furniertafeln können -- fallweise aus Fraktionen verschiedener Dichte und/oder Holzqualität gemischt -- zu Formkörpern geschichtet werden. In der Regel werden die beleimten Furniertafeln mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf zu einem Block geschichtet. Mittels Druck und/oder Temperatur, jedoch auch ohne äussere Druckeinwirkung oder Temperatureinwirkung kann der Klebstoff aktiviert werden, wobei der Klebstoff aufschäumt, chemisch reagiert und die Furniertafeln gegenseitig zu einem Formkörper in Blockform trennfest verklebt werden. Die Seitenkantenlänge der Furniertafeln richtet sich nach den apparativen Gegebenheiten und kann z.B. von 50 cm bis 300 cm betragen. Aus praktischen Gründen beträgt die Länge von 100 cm bis 250 cm. Die Furniertafeln, beispielsweise in einer Dicke von 0,1 cm bis 3 cm, werden mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf übereinander geschichtet oder gestapelt, wobei die Stapelhöhe unkritisch ist und beispielsweise von 5 cm bis 250 cm betragen kann. Mittels des Klebstoffes zwischen den Furniertafeln werden diese zu einem Block verklebt. Es kann ein Block, beispielsweise aus 2 bis 2000 übereinander geschichteten und verklebten Furniertafeln erzeugt werden. Von diesem Block können quer zum Faserverlauf die gesuchten Hirnholzkörper, wie Hirnholzplatten, beispielsweise einer Dicke von 0,5 bis 5 cm abgetrennt, wie abgesägt oder abgeschnitten, werden. Fallweise kann die Verklebung nur formhaltig, d.h. ohne Anwendung eines äusseren Druckes, erfolgen. Ein aufschäumender Klebstoff kann sowohl als Kleber, als auch als Füller zwischen den Furniertafeln wirken.In other than the above-described procedure, the stems can be processed, for example, by tangential cutting, in a veneer peeling machine into thin wood layers, thus into balsa wood veneers in the form of veneer sheets, also wood sheets, peeled veneers, veneers or so-called veneers. As such, the veneer sheets are sprayed, brushed or dusted on all sides with the intended amount of adhesive coated. The glued veneer sheets can - if necessary mixed from fractions of different density and / or wood quality - be layered into shaped bodies. In general, the glued veneer panels are layered with a rectified fiber flow into a block. By means of pressure and / or temperature, but also without external pressure or temperature action, the adhesive can be activated, wherein the adhesive foams, reacts chemically and the veneer sheets are mutually bonded to a molded body in block form. The side edge length of the veneer sheets depends on the conditions of the apparatus and can be, for example, from 50 cm to 300 cm. For practical reasons, the length is from 100 cm to 250 cm. The veneer sheets, for example, in a thickness of 0.1 cm to 3 cm, are stacked or stacked with rectified fiber flow, the stack height is not critical and can be, for example, from 5 cm to 250 cm. By means of the adhesive between the veneer sheets these are glued to a block. It can be a block, for example, from 2 to 2000 stacked and glued veneer panels are produced. From this block, the sought end grain wood body, such as end grain wood panels, for example, a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm separated, as sawed off or cut off, can be transverse to the fiber flow. In some cases, the bonding can only take place in a form-retaining manner, ie without the application of an external pressure. A foaming adhesive can act as an adhesive as well as a filler between the veneer sheets.

Bei der Verarbeitung, durch seitlichen Druck durch Rollen oder Wangen und vertikalen Druck durch ein Band, Doppelband oder Rollen, soll der angewendete Druck derart gewählt werden, dass das Zell- resp. Fasergefüge des Balsaholzes nicht verändert oder beschädigt wird, insbesondere, dass durch Kompression die Dichte des Balsaholzes nicht oder nur geringfügig verändert wird. Der Pressdruck soll niedrig eingestellt sein, da bei zu hohem Pressdruck auch das Holzgefüge insgesamt zusammengepresst wird. Der angewendete Druck zwischen zwei Rollen und/oder Bändern kann bis 50 bar, zweckmässig 0,5 bis 5 bar betragen.During processing, by lateral pressure by rollers or cheeks and vertical pressure by a band, double band or rollers, the applied pressure should be chosen such that the cell resp. Fiber structure of balsa wood is not changed or damaged, in particular, that the density of the balsa wood is not or only slightly changed by compression. The pressing pressure should be set low because too high pressing pressure and the wood structure is compressed in total. The applied pressure between two rollers and / or belts can be up to 50 bar, practical 0.5 to 5 bar.

In einer anderen Weise können die Furniere, Späne, Strands oder Streifen beleimt und in möglichst parallel gerichtetem Faserverlauf in eine vorgegebene Form gefüllt und die Form fallweise verschlossen werden. Entsprechend dem angewendeten Klebstoff kann das Verkleben mit oder ohne Druckbeaufschlagung erfolgen und der Klebstoff kann ohne oder durch Anwendung von Wärme reagieren, abbinden, resp. aushärten. Durch den aufschäumenden Klebstoff füllen die Späne und der Schaum die Form aus und es können, entsprechend der gewählten Form, Formkörper erzeugt werden. Bevorzugt werden die Späne mit einem aufschäumenden 2-Komponenten-PUR-Klebstoff beleimt, die beleimten Späne in gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf in die vorgegebene Form gefüllt und die Form geschlossen. Mit dem Reagieren und Aufschäumen des Klebstoffes füllen sich die Zwischenräume zwischen den Spänen und auch die inneren Konturen der Form werden durch den Schaum mit den darin aufgenommenen Spänen nachgebildet. Durch Volumenausdehnung wird die Form im Wesentlichen vollständig ausgefüllt. Als Form kann eine in allen drei Dimensionen geschlossene Form eingesetzt werden. Es ist auch möglich, Formkörper zu erzeugen, deren querschnittliche Gestalt durch eine Form vorgegeben ist und bezüglich der dritten Dimension die Formkörper kontinuierlich oder endlos, beispielsweise auf einem Band oder zwischen zwei Bändern, erzeugt werden.In another way, the veneers, shavings, strands or strips can be glued and filled into a predetermined shape in a fiber path that is as parallel as possible and the mold can be closed on a case-by-case basis. Depending on the adhesive used, the bonding can take place with or without pressurization and the adhesive can react, set, resp., Without or by application of heat. Harden. Due to the foaming adhesive, the chips and the foam fill the mold and moldings can be produced according to the selected shape. The chips are preferably glued with an intumescent 2-component PUR adhesive, the glued chips are filled into the predetermined shape in the same direction of the grain and the mold is closed. As the adhesive reacts and foams, the interstices between the chips fill and also the internal contours of the mold are replicated by the foam with the chips received therein. By volume expansion, the shape is substantially completely filled. As a shape, a closed in all three dimensions form can be used. It is also possible to produce shaped bodies whose cross-sectional shape is predetermined by a mold and with respect to the third dimension the shaped bodies are produced continuously or endlessly, for example on a belt or between two belts.

Als Klebstoff werden bevorzugt aufschäumende Kleber oder Schaumkleber und dabei insbesondere schäumende oder geschäumte polyurethanhaltige Kleber eingesetzt. Es können Klebstoffe, wie 2-Komponenten-Klebstoffe, insbesondere aufschäumende Klebstoffe, z.B. auf PUR-Basis, oder 1-Komponenten-Klebstoffe, insbesondere aufschäumende Klebstoffe, z.B. auf PUR-Basis, beispielsweise solche, die unter Einfluss von Feuchtigkeit reagieren, eingesetzt werden. Die zur Reaktion benötigte Feuchtigkeit kann beispielsweise durch die Holzfeuchtigkeit allein oder durch Befeuchten des Holzes beigestellt werden. Die Klebstoffe können unter Wärmeeinfluss reagieren, abbinden oder aushärten. Es können die Klebstoffe unter Druck reagieren, abbinden oder aushärten. Oder, es können die Klebstoffe unter Wärmeeinfluss und Druck reagieren, abbinden oder aushärten. Günstig sind Klebstoffe, die ohne Hitze reagieren, aushärten oder abbinden, demnach solche die ein Kalthärten oder sog. "cold curing" ermöglichen. Auch günstig sind Klebstoffe, die ohne von aussen angewendetem Druck reagieren, abbinden oder aushärten. Wie vorstehend erwähnt, kann durch viskoses Verhalten des Klebstoffes oder durch den Schäumprozess der Klebstoff in die Zwischenräume oder Klebefugen zwischen den Spänen oder an die gegenseitigen Auflageflächen, resp. Klebefugen, der Streifen gelangen und dazwischen liegende Poren, Lücken oder Spalten teilweise und vorteilhaft vollständig ausfüllen und eine trennfeste Verbindung schaffen. Insbesondere sind derartig wirkende PUR-Schäume sowohl Füller zwischen den Spänen, als auch Klebstoff zur Verbindung der Späne.Foaming adhesives or foamed adhesives, and in particular foaming or foamed polyurethane-containing adhesives, are preferably used as adhesives. Adhesives, such as 2-component adhesives, in particular intumescent adhesives, for example based on PU, or 1-component adhesives, in particular intumescent adhesives, for example based on PU, for example those which react under the influence of moisture, can be used , The moisture required for the reaction can be provided, for example, by the wood moisture alone or by moistening the wood. The adhesives can under heat influence react, set or harden. It can react, set or cure the adhesives under pressure. Or, the adhesives can react, set or harden under the influence of heat and pressure. Conveniently, adhesives that react, cure or set without heat, thus enabling a cold curing or so-called "cold curing". Adhesives which react, set or harden without externally applied pressure are also favorable. As mentioned above, by viscous behavior of the adhesive or by the foaming process, the adhesive in the interstices or adhesive joints between the chips or on the mutual bearing surfaces, resp. Adhesive joints, the strip pass and fill in between pores, gaps or gaps partially and advantageously completely and create a release bond. In particular, such acting PUR foams are both filler between the chips, as well as adhesive for connecting the chips.

Die Hirnholzkörper enthalten einen Holz- und einen Klebstoffanteil. Der Holzanteil eines Hirnholzkörpers kann beispielsweise von 60 bis 95 Vol.-% betragen. Der Klebstoff ist vorteilhaft in Anteilen von 1 bis 40 Vol.-% vorhanden. In der Regel liegt der Klebstoff in Anteilen von 1 bis 15 Vol.-%, zweckmässig 2 bis 10 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise 3 bis 5 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Volumen des Hirnholzkörpers, vor.The endorphins contain a wood and an adhesive component. The wood content of a brain wood body may be, for example, from 60 to 95% by volume. The adhesive is advantageously present in proportions of 1 to 40% by volume. In general, the adhesive is present in proportions of 1 to 15% by volume, suitably 2 to 10% by volume and preferably 3 to 5% by volume, based on the volume of the end grain body.

Der ausreagierte, wie aufgeschäumte oder abgebundene Klebstoff kann Dichten oder Raumgewichte von 50 kg/m3 bis 300 kg/m3 aufweisen. Die aufgeschäumten Klebstoffe weisen vorteilhaft ein Raumgewicht von 50 kg/m3 bis 240 kg/m3 auf.The reacted, such as foamed or set adhesive may have densities or densities of 50 kg / m 3 to 300 kg / m 3 . The foamed adhesives advantageously have a density of 50 kg / m 3 to 240 kg / m 3 .

Vorteilhaft weist der ausreagierte, wie aufgeschäumte oder abgebundene Klebstoff die gleiche oder nahezu gleiche Dichte wie die Dichte des umgebenden Balsaholzes auf. Der ausreagierte Klebstoff kann, bezogen auf die Dichte des den Klebstoff umgebenden Balsaholzes, beispielsweise eine 0 bis zu 20 Gew.-% höhere oder 0 bis zu 20 Gew.-% niedrigere Dichte aufweisen. Klebstoffe mit Dichten des ausreagierten Klebstoffes, die 0 bis 10 Gew.-% über oder 0 bis 10 Gew.-% unter der Dichte des umgebenden Balsaholzes liegen, werden bevorzugt. Als Klebstoffe mit Dichten im angegebenen Bereich sind aufgeschäumte Polyurethankleber besonders geeignet. Mit der Dichte ist bei geschäumten Klebern deren Raumgewicht gemeint. Damit kann die vorteilhafte niedrige Dichte des Balsaholzes auch mit den erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzkörpern erreicht werden.Advantageously, the fully reacted, such as foamed or set adhesive on the same or almost the same density as the density of the surrounding balsa wood. The reacted adhesive can, for example, have a 0 to 20% by weight higher or 0 to 20% by weight lower density, based on the density of the balsa wood surrounding the adhesive. adhesives with densities of the reacted adhesive which are 0 to 10 wt% over or 0 to 10 wt% below the density of the surrounding balsa wood are preferred. Foamed polyurethane adhesives are particularly suitable as adhesives with densities in the stated range. The density of foamed adhesives refers to their density. Thus, the advantageous low density of balsa wood can be achieved with the inventive end grain wood bodies.

Da das bevorzugt zu den Hirnholzkörpern verarbeitete Balsaholz ein Naturprodukt darstellt, weist es je nach Pflanzensorte, Standort oder durch Wachstumseinflüsse etc. unterschiedliche Dichten oder Raumgewichte auf. Vorliegend fällt die Wahl bevorzugt auf Hölzer mit Dichten von etwa 80 bis 200 kg/m3. Bezüglich der Hirnholzkörper nach vorliegender Erfindung in der praktischen Anwendung ist ein Raumgewicht von beispielsweise kleiner als 160 kg/m3 vorteilhaft. Günstige Raumgewichte liegen bei 80 bis 160 kg/m3, vorteilhaft liegen die Raumgewichte bei 100 bis 140 kg/m3 und insbesondere bei 120 kg/m3. Um das angestrebte Raumgewicht für einen Hirnholzkörper zu erhalten, lassen sich als eine Massnahme die Furniere, Späne, Strands oder Streifen von Hölzern verschiedener Dichte mischen. Eine weitere Massnahme ist die Wahl des Klebstoffes unter Berücksichtigung dessen Dichte. Bei aufschäumenden Klebstoffen kann dessen Dichte berücksichtigt und der Schäumgrad beeinflusst werden, um das Raumgewicht des Formkörpers zu beeinflussen. Die Massnahmen lassen sich auch kombinieren.Since the balsa wood, which is preferably processed into end grain wood bodies, is a natural product, it has different densities or specific weights, depending on the type of plant, location or growth effects, etc. In the present case, preference is given to woods with densities of about 80 to 200 kg / m 3 . With respect to the end-grain wood articles of the present invention in practical use, a density of, for example, less than 160 kg / m 3 is advantageous. Favorable room weights are 80 to 160 kg / m 3 , advantageously the space weights are 100 to 140 kg / m 3 and in particular 120 kg / m 3 . In order to obtain the desired density of a brain wooden body, can be mixed as a measure, the veneers, shavings, strands or strips of wood of different density. Another measure is the choice of the adhesive taking into account its density. In the case of intumescent adhesives, its density can be taken into account and the degree of foaming can be influenced in order to influence the volumetric weight of the shaped body. The measures can also be combined.

Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzkörper. Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren weist die Merkmale des Anspruchs 11 auf. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sind in den von Anspruch 11 abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.The present invention also relates to a process for the production of the end grain wood body according to the invention. The inventive method has the features of claim 11. Advantageous embodiments of the method are described in the claims dependent on claim 11.

In zweckmässiger Ausführungsform zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzkörper, werden die Balsaholzspäne, Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere in einer Doppelbandpresse verfestigt. Bevorzugt wird der Klebstoff in Anteilen von 1 bis 40 Vol.-%, zweckmässig von 1 bis 15 Vol.-%, besonders zweckmässig 2 bis 10 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise 3 bis 5 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Volumen des Hirnholzkörpers eingesetzt.In an expedient embodiment for producing the end grain wood body according to the invention, the balsa wood chips, balsa wood strands, balsa wood strips or Balsaholzfurniere solidified in a double belt press. The adhesive is preferably used in proportions of from 1 to 40% by volume, suitably from 1 to 15% by volume, particularly suitably from 2 to 10% by volume and preferably from 3 to 5% by volume, based on the volume of the end grain used.

Bei den Formkörpern handelt es sich um Balken, Bohlen, oder Platten, die nun quer zum Faserverlauf in z.B. Hirnholzplatten geteilt werden können. Eine Mehrzahl von Furniertafeln, Balken oder Bohlen, die üblicherweise einen polygonalen, insbesondere rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, können weiter zu Blöcken mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf oder im Wesentlichen parallelen Faserverlauf gestapelt, gegenseitig verklebt und quer zum Faserverlauf in Hirnholzplatten aufgeteilt, wie abgeschnitten, zersägt usw., werden. Wird das Verfahren derart geführt, dass anstelle von Balken oder Bohlen die Formkörper als Platten anfallen, können die Platten zu Blöcken gestapelt und gegenseitig verklebt werden. Der Faserverlauf oder die Faserrichtung im Plattenblock ist gleichgerichtet und quer zum Faserverlauf können die Hirnholzplatten vom Block abgetrennt werden.The shaped articles are beams, planks or plates which are now transversely to the fiber path in e.g. End grain boards can be shared. A plurality of veneer sheets, beams or planks, which typically have a polygonal, in particular rectangular, cross-section, can be further stacked into blocks having a rectified grain or substantially parallel grain, mutually glued and split across the grain into end grain panels such as trimmed, sawn, etc., become. If the process is conducted in such a way that instead of beams or planks, the moldings are produced as plates, the plates can be stacked into blocks and glued together. The grain or the fiber direction in the plate block is rectified and across the grain, the end grain plates can be separated from the block.

Die erfindungsgemäss gewonnen Hirnholzkörper, wie Hirnholzplatten, können auf gleiche Art und Weise eingesetzt werden, wie die bis anhin gefertigten Platten. Beispielsweise durch ein- oder beidseitiges Aufbringen, quer zum Faserverlauf, von Kunststoffplatten, von mit Glas-, Kunststoff- oder Carbonfasern verstärkten Kunststoffplatten oder -schichten, Metallplatten oder Blechen, Holzplatten, Furnieren, Geweben, Gewirken, Gestricken, Vliesen, Folien usw. auf das Mittellagenmaterial oder eine Hirnholzplatte, erhält man hochbelastbare Verbundwerkstoffe. Die erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzkörper, insbesondere Hirnholzplatten, können einseitig mit Faservlies, Gewirken, Gestricken oder Geweben beklebt werden und können von der anderen Seite her würfel- oder quaderförmig bis auf eine kleine Restdicke in Richtung des Faserverlaufes eingeschnitten werden. Die so verarbeitete Platte wird dadurch biegbar und lässt sich in konkave oder konvexe Form bringen.The end grain wood bodies obtained according to the invention, such as end grain wood panels, can be used in the same way as the panels produced so far. For example, by one or two-sided application, transverse to the grain, of plastic plates, reinforced with glass, plastic or carbon fibers plastic sheets or layers, metal plates or sheets, wood panels, veneers, fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens, films, etc. on the middle layer material or a end grain board, one obtains high-strength composite materials. The end grain bodies according to the invention, in particular end grain boards, can be glued on one side to nonwoven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knits or fabrics and can be cut into cubes or cuboids from the other side to a small residual thickness in the direction of the fiber flow. The thus processed plate is thereby bendable and can be brought into concave or convex shape.

Mit vorliegendem Verfahren gelingt es das Balsaholz in viel grösserem Masse für Hirnholzkörper, wie Hirnholzplatten, zu verwerten, als es bis anhin möglich war. Ausgehend vom geernteten Balsaholz, bis zu einer Hirnholzplatte ist bei konventionellen Methoden eine Ausbeute von lediglich 24% erzielbar. Es treten Verluste in den Sägewerken bei der Herstellung der Balsabohlen oder Kantelhölzer, beim nachfolgenden Trocknen, beim Schichten und Kleben zu Blöcken, und schliesslich beim Zersägen, auf. Mit vorliegendem Verfahren wird eine Ausbeute von 60 bis 70% erreicht. Insbesondere können nahezu alle Teile des Balsaholzstammes, zumindest solange die Teile noch nach deren Faserverlauf ausrichtbar sind, verwertet werden oder es können die Stämme abfallfrei oder äusserst abfallarm geschält und die Schälprodukte vollständig verwertet werden.With the present method, it is possible to utilize the balsa wood to a much greater extent for end-grain wood bodies, such as end-grain wood panels, than was previously possible. Starting from the harvested balsa wood, up to a end grain wood panel, a yield of only 24% can be achieved with conventional methods. There are losses in the sawmills in the production of balsa or Kantelhölzer, the subsequent drying, when layering and gluing into blocks, and finally when sawing on. With the present method, a yield of 60 to 70% is achieved. In particular, almost all parts of the Balsaholzstammes, at least as long as the parts are still aligned according to their fiber orientation, be recycled or it can be peeled without waste or very low waste and peeling products are fully utilized.

Balsaholz lässt sich sehr gut und dauerhaft verleimen. Die Festigkeit der Klebefuge kann die Festigkeit des umgebenden Holzgewebes darstellen, kann geringer sein oder diese übertreffen. Je nach Wahl des Klebstoffes können die Eigenschaften der Hirnholzplatte oder von Balsaholzteilen verändert werden. Der Klebstoff in den Klebefugen kann beispielsweise auch eine eigentliche Stützstruktur oder ein stützendes Netzwerk herausbilden, welche zu noch druck- und/oder reissfesteren Materialien führen oder der Klebstoff kann die Elastizität eines Balsaholzteils vermindern oder erhöhen. Die Klebefugen können auch verstärkende Materialien, wie Fasern, beispielsweise als Bestandteil des Klebstoffes, enthalten.Balsa wood can be glued very well and permanently. The strength of the glue joint may be, may be lower or exceed the strength of the surrounding wood fabric. Depending on the choice of adhesive, the properties of end grain or balsa wood parts can be changed. The adhesive in the adhesive joints may for example also form an actual support structure or a supporting network, which lead to even pressure and / or tear-resistant materials or the adhesive may reduce or increase the elasticity of a Balsaholzteils. The adhesive joints may also contain reinforcing materials such as fibers, for example as part of the adhesive.

Die erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzkörper können in vielfacher Weise verwendet werden. Beispielsweise stellen sie Ausgangsprodukte oder Fertigprodukte im Bereich der Schichtstoffe, Sandwichmaterialien oder der sog. Composites dar. Im Bereich der Energieerzeugung können die Hirnholzkörper Teile von Rotoren, Propellern und Windflügeln für Windmühlen oder windbetriebenen Generatoren oder Turbinen bilden, insbesondere Kerne oder Kernmaterialien in Flügeln, Rotoren, Schaufeln oder Schaufelblättern. Günstige Raumgewichte für die Kerne oder als Kernmaterialien für die genannten Zwecke liegen bei 80 bis 160 kg/m3, vorteilhaft liegen die Raumgewichte bei 100 bis 140 kg/m3 und insbesondere bei 120 kg/m3. Die Hirnholzkörper können, beispielsweise als Kernmaterial oder Schichtstoff in Transportmitteln, wie Decken, Böden, Zwischenböden, Wandverkleidungen, Abdeckungen usw. in Booten, Schiffen, Bussen, Lastkraftwagen, Eisenbahnfahrzeugen usw. eingesetzt werden. Durch die geringe Dichte der Hirnholzkörper können diese als Ersatz für herkömmliche Leichtbau- und Kernmaterialien, wie Wabenkörper, Schaumstoffe usw., dienen.The end grain bodies according to the invention can be used in many ways. For example, they are starting materials or finished products in the field of laminates, sandwich materials or the so-called composites. In the field of energy production, the end grain wood bodies can form parts of rotors, propellers and wind blades for windmills or wind-driven generators or turbines, in particular cores or core materials in wings, rotors , Shovels or shovels. Favorable volume weights for the cores or as core materials for the stated purposes are 80 to 160 kg / m 3 , advantageously the space weights are 100 to 140 kg / m 3 and in particular 120 kg / m 3 . The end grain cores may be used, for example, as core material or laminate in means of transport such as ceilings, floors, false floors, wall coverings, covers, etc. in boats, ships, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, etc. Due to the low density of the end grain wood body, these can serve as a substitute for conventional lightweight and core materials, such as honeycomb body, foams, etc.

Anhand der Figuren 1 bis 4 ist vorliegende Erfindung beispielhaft illustriert.Based on FIGS. 1 to 4 For example, the present invention is illustrated by way of example.

Figur 1 stellt eine Bohle oder ein Ausschnitt aus einem Balsaholzstamm (2) dar. Der Pfeil (L) zeigt in die Längsrichtung, die der Wachstumsrichtung und damit dem Faserverlauf entspricht. Pfeil (L) stellt auch die Achse des Faserverlaufs dar. Q stellt die Querschnittfläche, d.h. den Schnitt quer zum Faserverlauf, dar. Pfeil (R) weist in Richtung der Radialschnittfläche. Pfeil (T) weist in Richtung der Tangentialschnittfläche. FIG. 1 represents a screed or a section of a Balsaholzstamm (2). The arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the fiber profile. Arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow. Q represents the cross-sectional area, ie the cross-section of the fiber. Arrow (R) points in the direction of the radial section surface. Arrow (T) points towards the tangential interface.

In Figur 2 ist ein Abschnitt eines Balsaholzstammes (2) gezeigt. Der Pfeil (L) weist in Längsrichtung, die der Wachstumsrichtung und damit dem Faserverlauf entspricht. Somit stellt Pfeil (L) auch die Achse des Faserverlaufs dar. Q stellt die Querschnittfläche dar. Ein Span (3) ist skizzenhaft dem Stamm (2) entnommen. Der Faserverlauf im Span (3) verläuft entsprechend ebenfalls in Richtung des Pfeils (L).In FIG. 2 a section of a balsa wood trunk (2) is shown. The arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the fiber flow. Thus, arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow. Q represents the cross-sectional area. A chip (3) is sketchily taken from the trunk (2). The fiber course in the chip (3) also runs in the direction of the arrow (L).

Figur 3 stellt ein Beispiel eines Formkörpers in Form einer Bohle (4) aus gegenseitig verklebten Spänen (3) dar. Die Bohle hat eine Seitenkante einer Länge S1 und eine zweite Seitenkante S2. Der Faserverlauf aller Späne (3) liegt in Richtung des Pfeils (L). Somit stellt Pfeil (L) auch die Achse des Faserverlaufs dar. Beispielhaft wurden nur zwei Späne (3) bezeichnet. Es wird deutlich, dass die Späne (3) gegenseitig möglichst dicht einander anliegen. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a shaped body in the form of a screed (4) of mutually bonded chips (3). The screed has a side edge of a length S 1 and a second side edge S 2 . The fiber course of all chips (3) lies in the direction of the arrow (L). Thus, arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow. By way of example, only two chips (3) have been designated. It is clear that the chips (3) abut each other as closely as possible.

Der gegenseitige Faserverlauf der Späne liegt möglichst parallel, resp. höchstens in einem Winkel abweichend, wie oben stehend angegeben, in der Achse in Richtung des Pfeils (L). Die sich unvermeidlich zwischen den unregelmässig geformten Spänen bildenden Zwischenräume sind mit Klebstoff gefüllt. Der Klebstoff bildet eine trennfeste Verbindung der Späne untereinander. Mit Q1 ist die Querschnittsfläche oder Hirnschnittfläche der Bohle bezeichnet. Die Balsaholzfasern sind an dieser Fläche quer durchtrennt.The mutual fiber profile of the chips is as parallel as possible, resp. deviating at most at an angle, as indicated above, in the axis in the direction of the arrow (L). The spaces inevitably formed between the irregularly shaped chips are filled with adhesive. The adhesive forms a separable connection of the chips with each other. Q 1 denotes the cross-sectional area or brain sectional area of the screed. The balsa fibers are cut transversely across this surface.

Figur 4 zeigt einen Block (5) aus einer Mehrzahl von Formkörpern in Form von Platten (4) im Stapel. Die Platten (4) können im Prinzip auch der Bohle (4) aus Figur 3 entsprechen, lediglich ist die Seitenkante S1 gegenüber der zweiten Seitenkante S2 erheblich vergrössert, so dass von einer Platte zu sprechen ist. Anstelle der Platten (5) können Furniertafeln (4), fallweise auch als Holzblätter, Schälfurniere, Furniere oder Veneers bezeichnet, eingesetzt werden. Die gestapelten Platten (4) sind untereinander mit Klebstoff trennfest verbunden. Zweckmässig wird derselbe Klebstoff verwendet, der zur Erzeugung der Bohle oder Platte eingesetzt wird. In allen Platten (4) ist der Faserverlauf entlang, resp. im wesentlichen parallel einer Achse laufend in Richtung des Pfeils (L) ausgerichtet. Mit Q2 ist die Querschnittsfläche oder Hirnschnittfläche des Blockes (5) bezeichnet. Die Balsaholzfasern sind an der Fläche Q2 quer durchtrennt. Die gestrichelten Linien (6) deuten Schnitt- oder Sägelinien an. Die Schnittlinien (6) können einen beliebigen Abstand zueinander aufweisen und der Abstand richtet sich beispielsweise nach dem Verwendungszweck der abzutrennenden Hirnholzplatte (8). Der Block (5) wird demnach zu einer Anzahl von Formkörpern, hier zu Hirnholzplatten (8), verarbeitet. FIG. 4 shows a block (5) of a plurality of moldings in the form of plates (4) in the stack. The plates (4) can in principle also the screed (4) FIG. 3 correspond, only the side edge S 1 is considerably enlarged relative to the second side edge S 2 , so that is to speak of a plate. Instead of the plates (5) veneer sheets (4), sometimes referred to as wood sheets, peeled veneers, veneers or veneers, can be used. The stacked plates (4) are connected to each other with adhesive separation. Conveniently, the same adhesive is used, which is used to produce the screed or plate. In all plates (4) of the fiber flow along, resp. aligned substantially parallel to an axis in the direction of the arrow (L). Q 2 denotes the cross sectional area or brain sectional area of the block (5). The Balsaholzfasern are severed across the surface Q 2 across. The dashed lines (6) indicate cutting or sawing lines. The cutting lines (6) can have any desired distance from each other and the distance depends, for example, on the intended use of the end grain board (8) to be cut off. The block (5) is thus processed into a number of moldings, here to end grain wood boards (8).

Claims (13)

Hirnholzkörper enthaltend Hölzer mit einer vorbestimmten Faserrichtung für eine Druckbeanspruchung in Faserrichtung,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Hölzer aus Balsaholzspänen (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurnieren mit einer gegenüber einer idealen Faserrichtung im Wesentlichen gleichgerichteten Faserrichtung bestehen, wobei die ideale Faserrichtung (L) diejenige Faserrichtung beschreibt, bei der alle Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands oder Balsaholzstreifen dieselbe Faserrichtung aufweisen, und die Faserrichtung der einzelnen Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere nicht mehr als 30° von der idealen Fasserrichtung abweichen, und der Hirnholzkörper geschäumte Klebstoffe zwischen den Balsaholzspänen (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurnieren enthält.
End grain containing wood having a predetermined fiber direction for compressive stress in the fiber direction,
characterized in that
the woods consist of balsa wood shavings (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers with a fiber direction substantially rectified with respect to an ideal fiber direction, the ideal fiber direction (L) describing that fiber direction at which all balsa wood chips (3), balsa wood strips or balsa wood strips have the same fiber direction and the grain direction of the individual balsa wood chips (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers do not deviate more than 30 ° from the ideal barrel direction, and the end grain wood body contains foamed adhesives between the balsa wood shavings (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers.
Hirnholzkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hirnholzkörper einen Balken, eine Bohle oder eine Hirnholzplatte (8) ist.End grain body according to claim 1, characterized in that the end grain is a beam, a screed or end grain (8). Hirnholzkörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der ausreagierte Klebstoff des Hirnholzkörpers dieselbe Dichte wie die der Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere aufweist oder dessen Dichte um maximal 20 Gew.-% von der Dichte der Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere abweicht.End grain body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reacted glue of the end grain body has the same density as that of the balsa wood chips (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers or its density by a maximum of 20% by weight of the density of the balsa wood chips (3) , Balsa wood strands, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers differs. Hirnholzkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Balsaholzspäne (3) Längsspäne oder Strands einer Länge von 40 bis 400 mm, einer Breite von 4 bis 40 mm und eine Dicke von 0.3 bis 2 mm sind.End grain body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the balsa wood chips (3) are longitudinal chips or strands of a length of 40 to 400 mm, a width of 4 to 40 mm and a thickness of 0.3 to 2 mm. Hirnholzkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere eine Länge von 50 mm bis 2500 mm, eine Breite von 10 mm bis 2500 mm und eine Dicke von 0.3 mm bis 30 mm aufweisen.End grain body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Balsaholzstreifen or Balsaholzfurniere have a length of 50 mm to 2500 mm, a width of 10 mm to 2500 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm to 30 mm. Hirnholzkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichte der Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere von 0.07 bis 0.25 g/cm3 beträgt.End grain body according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the density of Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen or Balsaholzfurniere of 0.07 to 0.25 g / cm 3 . Hirnholzkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Faserrichtung der einzelnen Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere nicht mehr als 0° bis 10°, insbesondere nicht mehr als 0° bis 3°, von der idealen Faserrichtung (L) abweicht.End grain body according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fiber direction of the individual Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen or Balsaholzfurniere not more than 0 ° to 10 °, in particular not more than 0 ° to 3 °, of the ideal fiber direction (L) deviates. Hirnholzkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klebstoffe geschäumte polyurethanhaltige Klebstoffe sind.End grain body according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the adhesives are foamed polyurethane-containing adhesives. Hirnholzkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klebstoffe in Mengen von 1 bis 15 Vol.-%, bevorzugt in Mengen von 2 bis 10 Vol.-%, und insbesondere in Mengen von 3 bis 5 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Volumen des Hirnholzkörpers (8), enthalten sind.End grain body according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the adhesives in amounts of 1 to 15 vol .-%, preferably in amounts of 2 to 10 vol .-%, and in particular in amounts of 3 to 5 vol .-% , based on the volume of the end grain (8). Hirnholzkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hirnholzkörper (8) eine Hirnholzplatte ist, bei der die Faserrichtung der darin enthaltenen Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere nicht mehr als 30° von einer Flächennormalen auf die Hirnholzplattenoberfläche abweicht.End grain body according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the end grain (8) is a end grain wood plate in which the grain direction of the balsa wood chips (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers contained therein is not more than 30 ° from a surface normal to the end grain wood surface differs. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hirnholzkörpers (8) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere mit Klebstoff vermengt und bezüglich der Faserrichtung im Wesentlichen gleichlaufend ausgerichtet werden, wobei die Faserrichtung der einzelnen Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere nicht mehr als 30° von einer idealen Faserrichtung (L), bei der alle Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere dieselbe Faserrichtung aufweisen, abweicht, der Klebstoff aktiviert und unter Ausbildung von Haftkraft zu einem Formkörper in Form einer Platte, eines Blockes oder einer Bohle verfestigt werden, gegebenenfalls mehrere Formkörper aufeinander gestapelt und miteinander verklebt werden, und der resultierende Formkörper quer zu seiner idealen Faserrichtung zu einer Anzahl Hirnholzkörper getrennt wird.
A method for producing a brain wood body (8) according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that
Balsa wood chips (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers are mixed with adhesive and oriented substantially concurrently with respect to the fiber direction, the fiber direction of the individual balsa wood chips (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers being not more than 30 ° from an ideal fiber direction (L) in which all Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen or Balsaholzfurniere have the same fiber direction, the adhesive is activated and solidified to form a shaped body in the form of a plate, a block or a screed under formation of adhesive force, optionally several moldings stacked and are glued together, and the resulting shaped body is separated transversely to its ideal fiber direction to a number of end grain wood body.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mit Klebstoff vermengten und bezüglich der Faserrichtung gleichlaufend ausgerichteten Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere in einer Doppelbandpresse zum Formkörper verfestigt werden.Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the balsa wood chips (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers blended with adhesive and aligned in the same direction with respect to the fiber direction are solidified in a double belt press to form the molded article. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Balsaholzspäne (3), Balsaholzstrands, Balsaholzstreifen oder Balsaholzfurniere mit Klebstoff in Mengen von 1 bis 15 Vol.-%, bevorzugt 2 bis 10 Vol.-% und insbesondere 3 bis 5 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Volumen des Formkörpers, vermengt werden.A method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that balsa wood chips (3), balsa wood strips, balsa wood strips or balsa wood veneers with adhesive in amounts of 1 to 15 vol .-%, preferably 2 to 10 vol .-% and in particular 3 to 5 vol. %, based on the volume of the molding, are mixed.
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US4208369A (en) 1977-12-14 1980-06-17 Baltek Corporation Technique for converting balsa logs into panels
US4204900A (en) 1979-02-13 1980-05-27 Baltek Corporation Method of producing thin balsa wood sheets
US4689257A (en) 1984-09-10 1987-08-25 Baum Charles S Veneer laminate composite structure
DE202007007516U1 (en) 2007-05-08 2007-10-25 Günther Isensee Modellbaubedarf MDF Balsaholzplatte

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BRPI0912758A2 (en) 2015-10-13
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CA2723851C (en) 2018-07-17
CA2723851A1 (en) 2009-11-19
ECSP10010611A (en) 2010-12-30
BRPI0912758B1 (en) 2019-12-10
HUE030312T2 (en) 2017-04-28
CN102099167A (en) 2011-06-15
PL2119539T3 (en) 2015-03-31
US20110064907A1 (en) 2011-03-17
HRP20150041T1 (en) 2015-02-27
ES2603356T3 (en) 2017-02-27
ES2524878T3 (en) 2014-12-15
DK2351635T3 (en) 2017-02-06
EP2119539A1 (en) 2009-11-18
PT2351635T (en) 2016-11-30
PT2119539E (en) 2014-12-03
SI2351635T1 (en) 2017-01-31
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CN103331797A (en) 2013-10-02
CN102099167B (en) 2016-04-13
DK2119539T3 (en) 2015-01-26
EP2288479A1 (en) 2011-03-02
EP2119539B1 (en) 2014-10-22
US8318319B2 (en) 2012-11-27
EP2351635A3 (en) 2012-10-24
EP2351635B1 (en) 2016-10-19

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