EP2345308B1 - Operating circuit for leds - Google Patents
Operating circuit for leds Download PDFInfo
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- EP2345308B1 EP2345308B1 EP09752099A EP09752099A EP2345308B1 EP 2345308 B1 EP2345308 B1 EP 2345308B1 EP 09752099 A EP09752099 A EP 09752099A EP 09752099 A EP09752099 A EP 09752099A EP 2345308 B1 EP2345308 B1 EP 2345308B1
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- switch
- coil
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- voltage
- current
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/375—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using buck topology
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
Definitions
- the invention relates to an operating circuit with light emitting diodes according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for operating light emitting diodes according to the preamble of patent claim 13.
- LEDs have become an attractive alternative to conventional light sources such as incandescent or gas discharge lamps.
- LED light-emitting diode
- This term is intended below to include both light emitting diodes of inorganic materials and light emitting diodes of organic materials. It is known that the light emission of LEDs correlates with the current flow through the LEDs.
- switching regulators for example step-down or buck converters, are preferably used to drive an arrangement of one or more LEDs.
- a switching regulator is for example from the DE 10 2006 034 371 A1 known.
- a control unit controls a high-frequency clocked switch (for example, a power transistor). When the switch is turned on, current flows through the LED assembly and a coil, which is charged by it. The cached energy of the coil discharges in the off state of the switch via the LEDs (freewheeling phase).
- the current through the LED arrangement shows a zigzag time course: when the switch is on, the LED current shows a rising edge, with the switch off, there is a falling edge.
- the time average of the LED current represents the RMS current through the LED array and is a measure of the brightness of the LEDs. By appropriate timing of the circuit breaker, the average, effective current can be controlled.
- the function of the operating device is now to set a desired average current flow through the LEDs and to minimize the temporal fluctuation of the current due to the high frequency switching on and off of the switch (typically in the range above 10 kHz).
- a large fluctuation range of the current has a disadvantageous effect particularly with LEDs, since the spectrum of the emitted light can change as the current amplitude changes.
- the LEDs are supplied by the operating device low-frequency (typically with a frequency in the range of 100-1000 Hz) pulse packets with (on average over time) constant current amplitude.
- the current within a pulse packet is superimposed on the above-mentioned high-frequency ripple.
- the brightness of the LEDs can now be controlled by the frequency of the pulse packets; For example, the LEDs can be dimmed by increasing the time interval between the pulse packets.
- a practical requirement of the operating device is that it can be used as flexibly and versatile as possible, for example, regardless of how many LEDs are actually connected as a load and should be operated.
- the load may also change during operation if, for example, an LED fails.
- the LEDs are operated in a so-called 'continuous conduction mode' or non-looping operation. This procedure is based on FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b explained in more detail (prior art).
- a buck converter for the operation of at least one LED (or a plurality of LEDs connected in series), which has a first switch S1, is shown as the basic circuit.
- the operating circuit is supplied with a DC voltage or a rectified AC voltage U0.
- these times may be selected so that the first switch S1 is turned on when the current falls below a certain minimum reference value and the switch is turned off when the current exceeds a maximum reference value.
- this method has several disadvantages: First, to achieve the lowest possible ripple, a rapid sequence of switching on and Ausschaltvor réellen is necessary. The slope (positive or negative edge) of the current is namely not controllable by the operating device and considered to be given, since it is determined inter alia by the inductance of the coil L1 and the power consumption of the LEDS.
- the operating circuit is supplied with a DC voltage or rectified AC voltage for at least one LED.
- a supply voltage for at least one LED is provided by means of a coil and a clocked by a control / control unit first switch, with the first switch in the coil, an energy is temporarily stored, which is switched off with the first switch via a diode and the at least one LED discharges.
- the operating circuit has a capacitor arranged in parallel with the at least one LED, which maintains the current through the LED during the demagnetization phase of the coil L1, so that the current through the LEDs is smoothed.
- control / regulating unit selects the switch-off time of the first switch so that the lowest possible switching losses occur and still the current flow through the at least one LED has the smallest possible ripple.
- the operating circuit has a first sensor unit, which generates a first sensor signal dependent on the current flow through the first switch, and a second sensor unit, which detects reaching the demagnetization of the coil and generates a sensor signal.
- the sensor signals are supplied to the control unit and processed.
- control unit uses a combination of both signals to determine the on and / or off timing of the first switch.
- the control unit turns off the first switch when the current through the first switch exceeds a maximum reference value, and turns on again at the time when the coil is demagnetized and the freewheeling diode (D1) blocks.
- the first sensor unit is a measuring resistor (shunt).
- the second sensor unit is an inductively coupled to the coil secondary winding or a Hall sensor.
- the second sensor unit detects the achievement of the demagnetization of the coil by monitoring the voltage above the first switch by means of a (ohmic) voltage divider.
- FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b show the state of the art.
- FIG. 2a illustrated circuitry is used to operate at least one (or more in series and / or parallel connected) LED.
- two LEDs are connected in series, it may of course be only one or more LEDs.
- the LED or the serially and / or parallel-connected LEDs are also referred to below as the LED track.
- An advantage of the present invention is that the operating circuit adapts very flexibly to the type and number of serially connected LEDs.
- the circuit is supplied with a DC voltage U0, which of course can also be a rectified AC voltage.
- the LEDs are connected in series with a coil L1 and a first switch S1.
- the circuit arrangement has a diode D1 (the diode D1 is connected in parallel with the LEDs and the coil L1) and a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the LEDs.
- the switched-on state of the first switch S1 current flows through the LEDs and through the coil L1, which is thereby magnetized.
- the switched-off state of the first switch S1 the energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil discharges in the form of a current via the diode D1 and the LEDs.
- the capacitor C1 is charged.
- the capacitor C1 discharges and contributes to the flow of current through the LED track. With suitable dimensioning of the capacitor C1, this leads to a smoothing of the current through the LEDs.
- a field effect transistor or bipolar transistor is preferably used as a first switch S1.
- the first switch S1 is switched to high-frequency, typically in a frequency range of about 10 kHz.
- An advantage of the invention is that the first switch S1 is protected in operation, as it is preferably switched on, as explained later, when the power applied to it is almost zero.
- a high-quality component with a very short switching duration must be used for the first switch S1 in order to keep the switching losses within a tolerable range.
- An advantage of the circuit according to the invention is that for the first switch S1 and the diode D1 quite a comparatively cheaper component can be used with a comparatively slightly longer switching time or longer Aus Hurmzeit.
- a control and / or control unit SR is provided, which determines the timing of the first switch S1 to control the LED power.
- the control / regulating unit SR uses as input variables signals from a first sensor unit SE1 and / or signals from a second sensor unit SE2 to determine the exact switch-on and output time of the first switch S1.
- the first sensor unit SE1 is arranged in series with the first switch S1 and detects the current flow through the first switch S1. This serves to monitor the flow of current through the first switch S1. If the current flow through the first switch S1 exceeds a certain maximum reference value, the first switch S1 is switched off.
- the first sensor unit SE1 can be, for example, a measuring resistor (shunt or current measuring resistor).
- the voltage drop at the measuring resistor can now be tapped off and, for example, compared with a reference value by means of a comparator.
- the first switch S1 is switched off.
- the second sensor unit SE2 is arranged within the current branch, which is traversed by the current during the freewheeling phase, preferably in the vicinity or on the coil L1. With the aid of the second sensor unit SE2, the control unit / control unit SR can set a suitable time for the switch-on time of the first switch S1.
- the first switch S1 is preferably switched on when the current through the coil L1 is for the first time zero or at least very low, that is preferably in the time range, when the diode D1 blocks at the end of the freewheeling phase.
- the lowest possible current is applied to the switch S1 at the switch-on time of the first switch S1.
- the current through the LEDs shows only slight ripple and does not vary greatly. This is due to the smoothing effect of the capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the LEDs. During the phase of a low coil current, the capacitor C1 takes over the supply of the LED.
- the individual current curves and the optimal switch-on time of the first switch S1 are to be determined on the basis of the diagram in FIG. 2b be explained in more detail.
- Analogous to Diagram in FIG. 1b is the time course of the current i_L shown over two pulse packets.
- the magnified representation shows the course of the current within a PWM pulse packet:
- the time profile of the current i_L through the coil L1, the time profile of the current i_LED through the LEDs and the time profile of the state of the first switch S1 are plotted (in state 0, the The first switch S1 is turned off, the switch is closed in the state 1, and the signals for the state of the switch S1 correspond to the drive signal (ie at the gate) of the switch S1).
- the first switch S1 is closed and a current begins to flow through the LED and the coil L1.
- the current i_L shows an increase according to an exponential function, wherein a quasi-linear increase of the current i_L can be seen in the region of interest here.
- i_LED differs from i_L in that part of the current i_L contributes to the charge of the capacitor C1.
- the opening of the first switch S1 at time t_1 has the consequence that the energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil is discharged via the diode D1 and the LEDs or the capacitor C1.
- the current i_L continues to flow in the same direction, but decreases continuously and can even reach a negative value.
- a negative current ie a reverse current flow
- the current i_LED decreases only weakly and is maintained because the capacitor C1 has a smoothing effect.
- the diode blocks.
- the current i_L decreases (but is still negative) and goes to zero.
- parasitic capacitances at the diode D1 and other parasitic capacitances in the rest of the circuit are reloaded.
- the voltages at the node Ux above the first switch S1 and at the coil L1 change very rapidly in this period.
- the voltage at the node Ux drops to a low value (due to the diode D1 being disabled).
- An advantageous switch-on time t_3 for the first switch S1 is now given when the current i_L reaches the zero crossing, or at least the vicinity of the zero crossing. At this time, the coil L1 is not or hardly magnetized. The first switch S1 can be turned on at this time with very low losses, since hardly any current flows through the coil L1. A reconnection is also already possible at the time t_2 or shortly before, because the current through the coil L1 is very low in this time range.
- a second sensor unit SE2 For detecting the advantageous switch-on time for the first switch S1, a second sensor unit SE2 is now used.
- the current i_L can be detected by the coil L1.
- the current i_L through the coil L1 can be detected, for example, by means of a Hall sensor. Additionally or alternatively, therefore, other / other variables can be used which are suitable for detecting an advantageous switch-on time.
- the magnetization state of the coil L1 can be detected.
- the second sensor unit SE2 may be, for example, a secondary winding L2 on the coil L1, which taps the voltage across the coil L1.
- the monitoring of the temporal voltage profile at the coil L1 (in particular the 'break-in' shortly after the diode D1 has been blocked after the instant t_2) makes it possible to say something about the advantageous switch-on time of the first switch S1.
- a comparator would suffice, which can detect the achievement of demagnetization (and thus the zero crossing) on the basis of exceeding or falling below a threshold value.
- the voltage at the node Ux above the first switch S1 can be monitored.
- the voltage at node Ux drops significantly from a high value to a low value when the diode is turned off.
- the signal for restarting the first switch S1 can therefore be triggered below the voltage Ux below a certain threshold value.
- the control unit SR turns on the first switch S1 again at the time when the coil L1 is demagnetized and / or the diode D1 is off.
- the second sensor unit SE2 can consist of a inductively coupled to the coil L1 secondary winding L2 or from a voltage divider (R1, R2) at the node Ux.
- the control / regulating unit SR uses the information from the first sensor unit SE1 and / or the second sensor unit SE2 to determine the switch-on and switch-on time of the first switch S1
- the regulation of the (time-averaged) LED power by SR can take place, for example, in the form of PWM signals ,
- the frequency of the PWM signal is typically of the order of 100-1000 Hz.
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show specific embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a special embodiment of the above-described switching arrangement (a buck converter).
- the advantageous switch-off time is detected by detecting the voltage at the node Ux above the first switch S1. This is done by the ohmic voltage divider R1 and R2.
- the node Ux is located between the coil L1, the diode D1 and the switch S1.
- a voltage divider for example, a capacitive voltage divider or combined voltage divider, which is composed of resistance and capacity, possible.
- the measuring resistor (shunt) RS is used for current detection by the first switch S1.
- the monitoring of the temporal voltage profile at the node Ux (in particular of the 'break-in' shortly after the diode D1 is blocked near the instant t_2) makes it possible to say something about the advantageous switch-on time of the first switch S1.
- the voltage at the node Ux above the first switch S1 can be monitored.
- the voltage at node Ux drops significantly from a high value to a low value when the diode is turned off.
- the signal for restarting the first switch S1 can therefore be triggered below the voltage Ux below a certain threshold value.
- a second switch S2 is arranged parallel to the LEDs and the capacitor C1.
- the second switch S2 is selectively / independently controllable and may for example be a transistor (MOSFET or bipolar transistor). If the second switch S2 is closed, the discharge process of the capacitor C1 is accelerated. Due to the accelerated discharge of the capacitor C1 is achieved that the current flow through the LED goes to zero as quickly as possible. This is desirable, for example, at the end of a PWM packet, where the current flow through the LED should drop as quickly as possible, ie the falling edge of the current profile should be as steep as possible (for reasons of color constancy).
- the second switch S2 can be activated and driven at a low dimming level, where the PWM packets are very short and it is important that the current through the LED rapidly approaches zero at the end of a pulse packet.
- a low dimming level can be achieved by suitable activation of the second switch S2.
- this second switch S2 bridges the LEDs when switched on. This is required, for example, when the LEDs are to be turned off, i. should not emit light, but the supply voltage U0 is still present. Without bridging by the second switch S2, a (smaller) current would flow across the LEDs and resistors R1 and R2, and the LEDs would (slightly) light up.
- FIG. 4 shows a modification of the circuit in FIG FIG. 3 in that the voltage monitoring takes place at the coil L1.
- the voltage at the coil S1 can be detected, for example, by means of a secondary winding L2, which is coupled to the coil S1 (or an additional coil L2, which inductively couples to the coil L1).
- a secondary winding L2 is now used.
- the monitoring of the temporal voltage profile at the coil L1 (in particular the 'break-in' in the vicinity of the blocking of the diode D1 after the time t_2) makes it possible to say something about the advantageous switch-on time of the first switch S1. As already mentioned, this monitoring can also take place on the basis of a secondary winding L2.
- the determination of the time point of the zero crossing or the demagnetization can also take place by means of a threshold value monitoring (in the case of monitoring by means of a secondary winding L2, the polarity of the voltage depends on the winding sense of the secondary winding L2) Coil L1 off).
- FIG. 5 shows a modification of the circuit of FIG. 2a in that the arrangement of the choke L1, the diode D1 and the orientation of the LED track is modified (forms a flyback converter or buck-boost converter).
- FIG. 6 A development of the invention is in Fig. 6 shown.
- the detection of the achievement of the demagnetization of the coil L1 by monitoring the voltage across the winding L2 can be performed by a standard available control circuit IC.
- This control circuit IC (integrated circuit) corresponds to the control unit SR according to FIG Fig. 2 to 5 , Has an input for detecting the achievement of the demagnetization of a coil by monitoring the voltage applied to a coil on the secondary winding.
- the control circuit IC has an output for driving a switch and other monitoring inputs.
- a first of these monitoring inputs can be used for specifying a reference value, such as a reference voltage.
- a second monitoring input can be used for monitoring the achievement of a maximum voltage or even using a voltage measurement on a resistor for monitoring the achievement of a maximum current.
- a third monitoring input can be used for the monitoring of another voltage or also for the activation and deactivation of the control circuit IC or the control of the control circuit IC controlled switch.
- the control circuit IC monitors the current through the first switch S1 during the switch-on phase of the first switch S1 via the measuring resistor (shunt) Rs and the input 4 on the control circuit IC. As soon as the voltage which is tapped across the measuring resistor (shunt) Rs reaches a certain maximum value, the first switch S1 is opened.
- the specification of the voltage required to open the first switch S1 amount of voltage can be adjusted by specifying a reference value (ie, a reference voltage) at the input 3 of the control circuit IC. For example, by a microcontroller, a reference voltage can be specified, which determines the height of the maximum voltage across the measuring resistor (shunt) Rs permissible voltage and thus the maximum permissible by the first switch S1 current.
- the microcontroller can output a PWM signal, which is then smoothed by a filter 10 (for example an RC element) and thus applied as a DC signal with a specific amplitude to the input 3 of the control circuit IC.
- a filter 10 for example an RC element
- the amplitude of the signal at the input 3 of the control circuit IC can be adjusted.
- the control circuit IC can detect the achievement of the demagnetization of the coil L1 via the input 5 by monitoring the voltage across a secondary winding L2 applied to the coil L1. This detection can be used as a reclosing signal. Once the demagnetization of the coil L1 has been detected by the control circuit IC, the control circuit IC, the first switch S1 by a control via the output 7 turn on.
- the control circuit IC can be activated and / or deactivated by applying a voltage at the input 1.
- This input enable voltage 1 may also switch between a high and a low level, at high level activating the control circuit IC and at low, at least interrupting the actuation of the first switch S1.
- This control of the input 1 can be done by a microcontroller. For example, in this way a low-frequency activation and deactivation of the control circuit IC and thus the activation of the first switch S1 can be achieved and thus the low-frequency control of the operating circuit for dimming the LED.
- a further reference voltage for the control circuit IC can also be preset via the amplitude of the signal present at this input. This voltage can, for example, also influence the height of the maximum permissible current through the switch or also the permissible duty cycle of the first switch S1.
- the control circuit IC and / or the control circuit IC combined with the microcontroller can together form the control unit SR.
- the switch-on duration of the first switch S1 can also be dependent on a further voltage measurement within the operating circuit.
- the control circuit IC can also be supplied with a voltage measurement Vsense. About this voltage measurement can be done via a voltage divider R40 / R47, for example, a monitoring or measurement of the voltage at the junction between coil L1 and LED.
- This voltage measurement Vsense can either be supplied to an additional input of the control circuit IC, as an additional variable additively to an already occupied input of the control circuit IC or else to an input of the microcontroller.
- a system can be constructed in which on the one hand a simple control for dimming of LED by low-frequency PWM is made possible, on the other hand low-loss as possible high-frequency operation of the operating device combined with a constant current as possible through the LED.
- both the frequency and the duty cycle of a PWM signal for dimming LED, next to the height of the maximum allowable current can be specified by the first switch S1.
- the microcontroller can control the dimming of the LED by low-frequency PWM via a signal which is fed to the input 1 of the control circuit IC. Furthermore, the microcontroller via a signal which is fed to the input 3 of the control circuit IC, the height of the maximum allowable current through the first switch S1 or the required duty cycle of the first switch S1 specified.
- the operating circuit may further include a further switch S2, which is arranged so that this second switch S2 can bridge the LED.
- the second switch S2 may further be arranged so that it can take over the current through an existing high-impedance voltage measuring path or a similar existing high-resistance circuit arrangement of the LED or interrupt it.
- the second switch S2 By connecting the second switch S2 in parallel to the LED, the latter can bridge the LED and thus deactivate it.
- This method can be used to adjust the brightness (dimming) of the LED.
- a possible variant would be that the dimming takes place via the second switch S2, while only the current through the LED is set and regulated via the activation of the first switch S1.
- the control of the two switches S1 and S2 can be used in combination for optimized dimming control.
- the second switch S2 can be additionally used only for dimming to a low dimming level.
- the operating circuit due to the existing topology and control circuitry, is designed to limit the output voltage of the operating circuit (i.e., the voltage across the LED) to a maximum allowable value. If the LED is bridged by closing the second switch S2, then the operating circuit limits the output voltage such that no excessive current can flow, which can lead to possible destruction. This activation of the second switch S2 can be used, for example, only for dimming to a low dimming level.
- the LEDs can only be dimmed with second switch S2, which should be very low impedance, and the losses are still low.
- the second switch S2 can be controlled so that it can take over the current through an existing high-impedance voltage measuring path or a similar existing high-resistance circuit arrangement of the LED. If, for example, according to Fig. 6 the first switch S1 is not clocked, no current should flow through the LED. However, due to the existing voltage divider R40 / R47, a small current can flow through the LED.
- the second switch S2 can be closed, so that the current flow through the LED is interrupted or avoided.
- the second switch S2 can at least always be triggered following a low-frequency PWM packet in order to bridge or deactivate the LED (during the last discharge edge, ie at the end of a PWM pulse packet).
- An interruption of the current through the LED can also be done by arranging the second switch S2 in series with the LED.
- Fig. 6 (and the others, of course) can be extended to include multiple operational circuits according to FIG. 6 available.
- the control circuits IC and the control units SR of the individual operating circuits are controlled by a common microcontroller.
- the individual operating circuits can drive, for example, LED strands of different wavelength or color.
- the microcontroller can be controlled via an interface (wireless or wired). In this case, control signals for adjusting the brightness or color or status information can be transmitted via the interface.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Betriebsschaltung mit Leuchtdioden gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben von Leuchtdioden gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 13.The invention relates to an operating circuit with light emitting diodes according to the preamble of
Halbleiterlichtquellen wie beispielsweise Leuchtdioden sind während der letzten Jahre für Beleuchtungsanwendungen zunehmend interessant geworden. Der Grund dafür liegt unter anderem darin, dass entscheidende technische Innovationen und große Fortschritte sowohl bei der Helligkeit als auch bei der Lichteffizienz (Lichtleistung pro Watt) dieser Lichtquellen erzielt werden konnten. Nicht zuletzt durch die vergleichsweise lange Lebensdauer konnten sich Leuchtdioden zu einer attraktiven Alternative zu herkömmlichen Lichtquellen wie Glüh- oder Gasentladungslampen entwickeln.Semiconductor light sources such as light emitting diodes have become increasingly interesting for lighting applications in recent years. The reason for this is, among other things, that decisive technical innovations and great advances in terms of brightness as well as light efficiency (light output per watt) of these light sources could be achieved. Not least due to the comparatively long service life, LEDs have become an attractive alternative to conventional light sources such as incandescent or gas discharge lamps.
Halbleiterlichtquellen sind aus dem Stand der Technik hinreichend bekannt und werden im Folgenden als LED (light-emitting-diode) abgekürzt. Dieser Begriff soll im Folgenden sowohl Leuchtdioden aus anorganischen Materialien als auch Leuchtdioden aus organischen Materialien umfassen. Es ist bekannt, dass die Lichtabstrahlung von LEDs mit dem Stromfluss durch die LEDs korreliert.Semiconductor light sources are well known from the prior art and are hereinafter abbreviated as LED (light-emitting diode). This term is intended below to include both light emitting diodes of inorganic materials and light emitting diodes of organic materials. It is known that the light emission of LEDs correlates with the current flow through the LEDs.
zur Helligkeitsregelung werden LEDs daher grundsätzlich in einem Modus betrieben, in dem der Stromfluss durch die LED geregelt wird.
In der Praxis werden zur Ansteuerung einer Anordnung von einer oder mehrerer LEDs vorzugsweise Schaltregler, beispielsweise Tiefsetzsteller (Step-Down oder Buck Converter) verwendet. Ein solcher Schaltregler ist beispielsweise aus der
In practice, switching regulators, for example step-down or buck converters, are preferably used to drive an arrangement of one or more LEDs. Such a switching regulator is for example from the
Die Funktion des Betriebsgeräts ist nun, einen gewünschten mittleren Stromfluss durch die LEDs einzustellen und die zeitliche Schwankungsbreite des Stroms, bedingt durch das hochfrequente Ein- und Abschalten des Schalters (tpyischerweise im Bereich oberhalb von 10 kHz), möglichst gering zu halten.The function of the operating device is now to set a desired average current flow through the LEDs and to minimize the temporal fluctuation of the current due to the high frequency switching on and off of the switch (typically in the range above 10 kHz).
Eine große Schwankungsbreite des Stroms (Welligkeit oder Rippel) wirkt sich besonders bei LEDs nachteilig aus, da mit Veränderung der Stromamplitude sich das Spektrum des emittierten Lichts verändern kann.A large fluctuation range of the current (ripple or ripple) has a disadvantageous effect particularly with LEDs, since the spectrum of the emitted light can change as the current amplitude changes.
Um das emittierte Lichtspektrum während des Betriebs möglichst konstant zu halten, ist es bekannt, bei LEDs für Helligkeitsregelungen nicht die Stromamplitude zu variieren, sondern ein sogenanntes PWM (pulse-widthmodulation) - Verfahren anzuwenden. Dabei werden den LEDs durch das Betriebsgerät niederfrequente (typischerweise mit einer Frequenz im Bereich von 100-1000 Hz) Pulspakete mit (im zeitlichen Mittel) konstanter Stromamplitude zugeführt. Dem Strom innerhalb eines Pulspakets ist der oben angeführter hochfrequente Rippel überlagert. Die Helligkeit der LEDs kann nun durch die Frequenz der Pulspakete gesteuert werden; die LEDs können beispielsweise gedimmt werden, indem der zeitliche Abstand zwischen den Pulspaketen vergrößert wird.In order to keep the emitted light spectrum as constant as possible during operation, it is known not to vary the current amplitude in LEDs for brightness control, but to apply a so-called PWM (pulse-width modulation) method. Here, the LEDs are supplied by the operating device low-frequency (typically with a frequency in the range of 100-1000 Hz) pulse packets with (on average over time) constant current amplitude. The current within a pulse packet is superimposed on the above-mentioned high-frequency ripple. The brightness of the LEDs can now be controlled by the frequency of the pulse packets; For example, the LEDs can be dimmed by increasing the time interval between the pulse packets.
Eine praktische Anforderung an das Betriebsgerät ist, dass es möglichst flexibel und vielseitig eingesetzt werden kann, beispielsweise unabhängig davon, wie viele LEDs als Last tatsächlich angeschlossen sind und betrieben werden sollen. Die Last kann sich zudem während des Betriebs ändern, wenn beispielsweise eine LED ausfällt.
Bei herkömmlichen Technologien werden die LEDs in einem sogenannten 'continuous conduction mode' bzw. nichtlückendem Betrieb betrieben. Dieses Verfahren sei anhand von
In conventional technologies, the LEDs are operated in a so-called 'continuous conduction mode' or non-looping operation. This procedure is based on
Im in
Im eingeschalteten Zustand des ersten Schalters S1 (während der Zeitdauer t_on) wird in der Spule L1 Energie aufgebaut, die sich im ausgeschalteten Zustand des ersten Schalters S1 (Zeitdauer t_off) über zumindest eine LED entlädt. Der sich ergebende zeitliche Stromverlauf ist in
Um die Welligkeit (Rippel) zu reduzieren, müssten innerhalb eines Zeitabschnitts mehr Schaltvorgänge stattfinden, was naturgemäß Schaltverluste mit sich zieht. Zum anderen sind diese Schaltverluste im continuous conduction mode besonders hoch.In order to reduce the ripple, more switching operations would have to take place within one time period, which naturally involves switching losses. On the other hand, these switching losses in the continuous conduction mode are particularly high.
Ein realer Halbleiterschalter schaltet zwar sehr rasch, er schaltet aber nicht unendlich schnell. Die beim Schaltvorgang dissipierte Energie ist umso größer, je länger der Schaltvorgang dauert und je höher die Leistung ist, die während dem Schaltvorgang am Schalter anliegt. Im nichtöückenden Betrieb sind nun die Schaltverluste besonders hoch, da die Schaltvorgänge stattfinden, während hohe Ströme anliegen.Although a real semiconductor switch switches very quickly, it does not switch infinitely fast. The energy dissipated during the switching process is the greater the longer the switching process lasts and the higher the power applied to the switch during the switching process. In non-queuing operation, the switching losses are now particularly high, since the switching operations take place while high currents are applied.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine gegenüber dem Stand der Technik verbesserte Betriebsschaltung für wenigstens eine LED und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb wenigstens einer LED bereitzustellen, welche auf einfache Art und Weise die Konstanthaltung des Stroms und somit der LED-leistung ermöglicht.It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved over the prior art operating circuit for at least one LED and a method for operating at least one LED, which allows in a simple manner, the constant current and thus the LED power.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche bilden den zentralen Gedanken der Erfindung in besonders vorteilhafter Weise weiter.This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims further form the central idea of the invention in a particularly advantageous manner.
Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung wird der Betriebsschaltung für wenigstens eine LED eine Gleichspannung oder gleichgerichtete Wechselspannung zugeführt. Eine Versorgungsspannung für wenigstens eine LED wird mittels einer Spule und einem durch eine Steuer/Regeleinheit getakteten ersten Schalter bereitstellt, wobei bei eingeschaltetem erstem Schalter in der Spule eine Energie zwischengespeichert wird, die sich bei ausgeschaltetem erstem Schalter über eine Diode und über der wenigstens einen LED entlädt.According to a first aspect of the invention, the operating circuit is supplied with a DC voltage or rectified AC voltage for at least one LED. A supply voltage for at least one LED is provided by means of a coil and a clocked by a control / control unit first switch, with the first switch in the coil, an energy is temporarily stored, which is switched off with the first switch via a diode and the at least one LED discharges.
Die Betriebsschaltung weist einen Kondensator auf, der parallel zu der wenigstens eine LED angeordnet ist, und der während der Phase der Entmagnetisierung der Spule L1 den Strom durch die LED aufrecht erhält, sodass der Strom durch die LEDs geglättet wird.The operating circuit has a capacitor arranged in parallel with the at least one LED, which maintains the current through the LED during the demagnetization phase of the coil L1, so that the current through the LEDs is smoothed.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltung wählt die Steuer/Regeleinheit den Ausschaltzeitpunkt des ersten Schalters so, dass möglichst geringe Schaltverluste auftreten und trotzdem der Stromfluss durch die wenigstens eine LED einen möglichst geringen Rippel aufweist.In the circuit according to the invention, the control / regulating unit selects the switch-off time of the first switch so that the lowest possible switching losses occur and still the current flow through the at least one LED has the smallest possible ripple.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Betriebsschaltung eine erste Sensoreinheit, die ein vom Stromfluss durch den ersten Schalter abhängendes erstes Sensorsignal erzeugt, und eine zweite Sensoreinheit auf, die das Erreichen der Entmagnetisierung der Spule detektiert und ein Sensorsignal erzeugt. Die Sensorsignale werden an die Steuer/Regeleinheit zugeführt und bearbeitet.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the operating circuit has a first sensor unit, which generates a first sensor signal dependent on the current flow through the first switch, and a second sensor unit, which detects reaching the demagnetization of the coil and generates a sensor signal. The sensor signals are supplied to the control unit and processed.
Erfindungsgemäß verwendet die Steuereinheit eine Kombination von beiden Signalen zur Festlegung des Ein- und / oder Ausschaltzeitpunkts des erstens Schalters.According to the invention, the control unit uses a combination of both signals to determine the on and / or off timing of the first switch.
Erfindungsgemäß schaltet das Steuer/Regeleinheit den ersten Schalter aus, wenn der Strom durch den ersten Schalter einen maximalen Referenzwert überschreitet und schaltet zu dem Zeitpunkt wieder ein, wenn die Spule entmagnetisiert ist und die Freilauf diode (D1) sperrt.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die erste Sensoreinheit ein Messwiderstand (Shunt).
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die zweite Sensoreinheit eine induktiv an die Spule gekoppelten Sekundärwicklung oder ein Hallsensor.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform erkennt die zweite Sensoreinheit das Erreichen der Entmagnetisierung der Spule, indem sie die Spannung oberhalb des ersten Schalters mittels eines (ohmschen) Spannungsteilers überwacht.According to the invention, the control unit turns off the first switch when the current through the first switch exceeds a maximum reference value, and turns on again at the time when the coil is demagnetized and the freewheeling diode (D1) blocks.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first sensor unit is a measuring resistor (shunt).
In a further embodiment of the invention, the second sensor unit is an inductively coupled to the coil secondary winding or a Hall sensor.
In a further embodiment, the second sensor unit detects the achievement of the demagnetization of the coil by monitoring the voltage above the first switch by means of a (ohmic) voltage divider.
Solch eine Kombination von Sensoreinheiten ist an sich fürSuch a combination of sensor units is in itself for
den gleichen Zweck aus
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.
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Figur 1a zeigt eine Schaltungsanordnung gemäß dem bekannten Stand der Technik -
Figur 1b zeigt ein Diagram mit dem zeitlichen Verlauf des LEDstroms in der Schaltungsanordnung vonFigur 1a (Stand der Technik) -
Figur 2a zeigt ein erstes Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsschaltung (Buck) für LEDs -
Figur 2b zeigt ein Diagram, das zeitabhängige Stromverläufe und Steuersignale in der inFig 2a dargestellten Schaltungsanordnung darstellt -
zeigen spezielle Ausführungsformen der ErfindungFigur 3 und Figur 4 -
Figur 5 zeigt eine Abwandlung der Schaltung vonFigur 2a (Buck-Boost) -
Figur 6 zeigt eine weitere spezielle Ausführungsform der Erfindung
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FIG. 1a shows a circuit arrangement according to the known prior art -
FIG. 1b shows a diagram with the timing of the LED current in the circuit ofFIG. 1a (State of the art) -
FIG. 2a shows a first example of an operating circuit (buck) for LEDs according to the invention -
FIG. 2b shows a diagram showing the time-dependent current waveforms and control signals in the inFig. 2a represents a circuit arrangement shown -
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show specific embodiments of the invention -
FIG. 5 shows a modification of the circuit ofFIG. 2a (Buck-boost) -
FIG. 6 shows a further specific embodiment of the invention
Die in
Zudem weist die Schaltungsanordnung eine Diode D1 (die Diode D1 ist parallel zu den LEDs und der Spule L1 geschaltet) und einen zu den LEDs parallel geschalteten Kondensator C1 auf. Im eingeschalteten Zustand des ersten Schalters S1 fließt Strom durch die LEDs und durch die Spule L1, die dadurch magnetisiert wird. Im ausgeschaltenen Zustand des ersten Schalters S1 entlädt sich die im Magnetfeld der Spule gespeicherte Energie in Form eines Stroms über die Diode D1 und die LEDs. Parallel dazu wird am Beginn des Einschaltens des ersten Schalters S1 der Kondensator C1 geladen.
Während der Ausschaltphase des ersten Schalters S1 (Freilaufphase) entlädt sich der Kondensator C1 und trägt zum Stromfluss durch die LED-strecke bei. Bei geeigneter Dimensionierung des Kondensators C1 führt dies zu einer Glättung des Stroms durch die LEDs.In addition, the circuit arrangement has a diode D1 (the diode D1 is connected in parallel with the LEDs and the coil L1) and a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the LEDs. In the switched-on state of the first switch S1, current flows through the LEDs and through the coil L1, which is thereby magnetized. In the switched-off state of the first switch S1, the energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil discharges in the form of a current via the diode D1 and the LEDs. In parallel, at the beginning of turning on the first switch S1, the capacitor C1 is charged.
During the turn-off phase of the first switch S1 (freewheeling phase), the capacitor C1 discharges and contributes to the flow of current through the LED track. With suitable dimensioning of the capacitor C1, this leads to a smoothing of the current through the LEDs.
Als erster Schalter S1 wird vorzugsweise ein Feldeffekttransistor oder auch Bipolartransistor verwendet. Der erste Schalter S1 wird hochfrequent geschaltet, typischerweise in einem Frequenzbereich von über 10 kHz.As a first switch S1, a field effect transistor or bipolar transistor is preferably used. The first switch S1 is switched to high-frequency, typically in a frequency range of about 10 kHz.
Ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist, dass der erste Schalter S1 im Betrieb geschont wird, da er, wie später ausgeführt, vorzugsweise dann eingeschaltet wird, wenn die an ihm anliegende Leistung nahezu null ist. Beim Stand der Technik dagegen, wo die Schaltvorgänge unter hoher Leistung ablaufen, muss für den ersten Schalter S1 ein hochwertiges Bauelement mit sehr kurzer Schaltdauer eingesetzt werden, um die Schaltverluste in einem tolerierbaren Rahmen zu halten.An advantage of the invention is that the first switch S1 is protected in operation, as it is preferably switched on, as explained later, when the power applied to it is almost zero. In contrast, in the prior art, where the switching operations proceed under high power, a high-quality component with a very short switching duration must be used for the first switch S1 in order to keep the switching losses within a tolerable range.
Ein Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltung ist, dass für den ersten Schalter S1 und die Diode D1 durchaus auch ein vergleichsweise billigeres Bauelement mit vergleichsweise etwas längerer Schaltdauer oder längerer Ausräumzeit eingesetzt werden kann.An advantage of the circuit according to the invention is that for the first switch S1 and the diode D1 quite a comparatively cheaper component can be used with a comparatively slightly longer switching time or longer Ausräumzeit.
In der Schaltung von
Die Steuer/Regeleinheit SR verwendet zur Festlegung des genauen Einschalt- und Ausgangszeitpunkts des ersten Schalters S1 als Eingangsgrößen Signale von einer ersten Sensoreinheit SE1 und/oder Signale von einer zweiten Sensoreinheit SE2.The control / regulating unit SR uses as input variables signals from a first sensor unit SE1 and / or signals from a second sensor unit SE2 to determine the exact switch-on and output time of the first switch S1.
Die erste Sensoreinheit SE1 ist in Serie zum ersten Schalter S1 angeordnet und erfasst den Stromfluss durch den ersten Schalter S1. Dies dient zur Überwachung des Stromflusses durch den ersten Schalter S1. Übersteigt der Stromfluss durch den ersten Schalter S1 einen bestimmten maximalen Referenzwert, so wird der erste Schalter S1 ausgeschaltet. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann es sich bei der ersten Sensoreinheit SE1 beispielsweise um einen Messwiderstand (Shunt oder Strommesswiderstand) handeln.The first sensor unit SE1 is arranged in series with the first switch S1 and detects the current flow through the first switch S1. This serves to monitor the flow of current through the first switch S1. If the current flow through the first switch S1 exceeds a certain maximum reference value, the first switch S1 is switched off. In an advantageous embodiment, the first sensor unit SE1 can be, for example, a measuring resistor (shunt or current measuring resistor).
Zur Überwachung des Stromflusses kann nun der Spannungsabfall am Messwiderstand (Shunt) abgegriffen werden und beispielsweise mittels eines Komparators mit einem Referenzwert verglichen werden.In order to monitor the current flow, the voltage drop at the measuring resistor (shunt) can now be tapped off and, for example, compared with a reference value by means of a comparator.
Überschreitet der Spannungsabfall am Messwiderstand (Shunt) einen bestimmten Wert, so wird der erste Schalter S1 abgeschaltet..If the voltage drop across the measuring resistor (shunt) exceeds a certain value, the first switch S1 is switched off.
Die zweite Sensoreinheit SE2 ist innerhalb des Stromzweiges, der während der Freilaufphase vom Strom durchflossen wird, angeordnet, vorzugsweise in der Nähe oder an der Spule L1. Mit Hilfe der zweiten Sensoreinheit SE2 kann die Steuereinheit/Regeleinheit SR einen geeigneten Zeitpunkt für den Einschaltzeitpunkt des ersten Schalters S1 festlegen.The second sensor unit SE2 is arranged within the current branch, which is traversed by the current during the freewheeling phase, preferably in the vicinity or on the coil L1. With the aid of the second sensor unit SE2, the control unit / control unit SR can set a suitable time for the switch-on time of the first switch S1.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird der ersten Schalter S1 vorzugsweise dann eingeschaltet, wenn der Strom durch die Spule L1 zum ersten Mal null ist oder zumindest sehr gering ist, dass heißt vorzugsweise in dem Zeitbereich, wenn die Diode D1 am Ende der Freilaufphase sperrt. Erfindungsgemäß liegt zum Einschaltzeitpunkt des ersten Schalters S1 ein möglichst geringer Strom am Schalter S1 an. Durch Erkennen des Stromnulldurchgangs durch die Spule L1 wird ein nahezu verlustfreies Schalten ermöglicht. Gemäß der Erfindung zeigt der Strom durch die LEDs nur geringe Welligkeit und schwankt nicht stark. Dies ist auf die glättende Wirkung des zu den LEDs parallel geschalteten Kondensators C1 zurückzuführen. Während der Phase eines geringen Spulenstroms übernimmt der Kondensator C1 die Speisung der LED.According to the invention, the first switch S1 is preferably switched on when the current through the coil L1 is for the first time zero or at least very low, that is preferably in the time range, when the diode D1 blocks at the end of the freewheeling phase. According to the invention, the lowest possible current is applied to the switch S1 at the switch-on time of the first switch S1. By detecting the current zero crossing through the coil L1, a nearly lossless switching is possible. According to the invention, the current through the LEDs shows only slight ripple and does not vary greatly. This is due to the smoothing effect of the capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the LEDs. During the phase of a low coil current, the capacitor C1 takes over the supply of the LED.
Die einzelnen Stromverläufe und der optimale Einschaltzeitpunkt des ersten Schalters S1 sollen anhand des Diagrams in
Analog zu Diagram in
Die vergrößerte Darstellung zeigt den Stromverlauf innerhalb eines PWM Pulspaketes: Es ist der zeitliche Verlaufs des Stroms i_L durch die Spule L1, der zeitliche Verlauf des Stroms i_LED durch die LEDs und der zeitliche Verlauf des Zustand des ersten Schalters S1 aufgetragen (Im Zustand 0 ist der erste Schalter S1 ausgeschaltet, im Zustand 1 ist der Schalter geschlossen; die Signale für den Zustand des Schalters S1 entsprechen dem Ansteuersignal (also am Gate) des Schalters S1). Zum Zeitpunkt t_0 wird der erste Schalter S1 geschlossen und es beginnt ein Strom durch die LED und die Spule L1 zu fließen. Der Strom i_L zeigt einen Anstieg gemäß einer Exponentialfunktion, wobei im hier interessierenden Bereich ein quasi-linearer Anstieg des Stroms i_L zu erkennen ist. i_LED unterscheidet sich von i_L dadurch, dass ein Teil des Stroms i_L zur Ladung des Kondensators C1 beiträgt. Das Öffnen des ersten Schalters S1 zum Zeitpunkt t_1 (beispielsweise wenn ein gewünschter maximaler Referenzwert erreicht ist) hat zur Folge, dass sich die im Magnetfeld der Spule gespeicherten Energie über die Diode D1 und die LEDs bzw den Kondensator C1 entlädt. Der Strom i_L fließt in die gleiche Richtung weiter, nimmt aber kontinuierlich ab und kann sogar einen negativen Wert erreichen. Ein negativer Strom (d.h. ein Stromfluss mit umgekehrter Richtung) ist solange vorhanden, solange die Ladungsträger, die zuvor in der leitend gepolten Diode D1 angereichert wurden, aus der Sperrschicht der Diode D1 ausgeräumt sind.The magnified representation shows the course of the current within a PWM pulse packet: The time profile of the current i_L through the coil L1, the time profile of the current i_LED through the LEDs and the time profile of the state of the first switch S1 are plotted (in state 0, the The first switch S1 is turned off, the switch is closed in the
Der Strom i_LED hingegen nimmt nur schwach ab und wird aufrechterhalten, da der Kondensator C1 glättend wirkt. Zum Zeitpunkt t_2 sperrt die Diode. Der Strom i_L nimmt ab (ist aber weiter negativ) und geht gegen null. In dieser Phase werden parasitäre Kapazitäten an der Diode D1 und weitere parasitäre'Kapazitäten in der restlichen Schaltung umgeladen.
Die Spannungen am Knotenpunkt Ux oberhalb des ersten Schalters S1 und an der Spule L1 ändern sich in diesem Zeitraum sehr rasch. Die Spannung am Knotenpunkt Ux fällt auf einen niedrigen Wert ab (aufgrund des Sperrens der Diode D1). Ein vorteilhafter Wiedereinschaltzeitpunkt t_3 für den ersten Schalter S1 ist nun gegeben, wenn der Strom i_L den Nulldurchgang, oder zumindest die Nähe des Nulldurchgangs, erreicht. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist die Spule L1 nicht bzw kaum magnetisiert. Der ersten Schalter S1 kann zu diesem Zeitpunkt mit sehr geringen Verlusten eingeschaltet werden, da kaum Strom durch die Spule L1 fließt. Ein Wiedereinschalten ist aber auch bereits zum Zeitpunkt t_2 oder kurz vorher möglich, da der Strom durch die Spule L1 in diesem Zeitbereich sehr niedrig ist.The current i_LED, on the other hand, decreases only weakly and is maintained because the capacitor C1 has a smoothing effect. At time t_2, the diode blocks. The current i_L decreases (but is still negative) and goes to zero. In this phase, parasitic capacitances at the diode D1 and other parasitic capacitances in the rest of the circuit are reloaded.
The voltages at the node Ux above the first switch S1 and at the coil L1 change very rapidly in this period. The voltage at the node Ux drops to a low value (due to the diode D1 being disabled). An advantageous switch-on time t_3 for the first switch S1 is now given when the current i_L reaches the zero crossing, or at least the vicinity of the zero crossing. At this time, the coil L1 is not or hardly magnetized. The first switch S1 can be turned on at this time with very low losses, since hardly any current flows through the coil L1. A reconnection is also already possible at the time t_2 or shortly before, because the current through the coil L1 is very low in this time range.
Zur Detektion des vorteilhaften Einschaltzeitpunkts für den ersten Schalter S1 dient nun eine zweite Sensoreinheit SE2. In einer ersten Ausführungsform kann beispielsweise der Strom i_L durch die Spule L1 erfasst werden. Dies erfordert aber relativ aufwendige Schaltungen. Der Strom i_L durch die Spule L1 kann beispielsweise mittels eines Hallsensors erfasst werden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können daher weitere/andere Größen herangezogen werden, die zur Detektion eines vorteilhaften Einschaltzeitpunkts geeignet sind.For detecting the advantageous switch-on time for the first switch S1, a second sensor unit SE2 is now used. In a first embodiment, for example, the current i_L can be detected by the coil L1. However, this requires relatively complicated circuits. The current i_L through the coil L1 can be detected, for example, by means of a Hall sensor. Additionally or alternatively, therefore, other / other variables can be used which are suitable for detecting an advantageous switch-on time.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann beispielsweise der Magnetisierungszustand der Spule L1 erfasst werden. Es kann sich bei der zweiten Sensoreinheit SE2 beispielsweise um eine Sekundärwicklung L2 an der Spule L1 handeln, die die Spannung an der Spule L1 abgreift. Die Überwachung des zeitlichen Spannungsverlaufs an der Spule L1 (insbesondere des 'Einbruchs' kurz nach Sperren der Diode D1 nach dem Zeitpunkt t_2) ermöglicht eine Aussage über den vorteilhaften Wiedereinschaltzeitpunkts des ersten Schalters S1. In einer einfachen Ausführungsvariante würde ein Komparator reichen, der das Erreichen der Entmagnetisierung (und somit den Nulldurchgang) anhand des Über- bzw. Unterschreitens eines Schwellwerts erkennen kann.In a further advantageous embodiment, for example, the magnetization state of the coil L1 can be detected. The second sensor unit SE2 may be, for example, a secondary winding L2 on the coil L1, which taps the voltage across the coil L1. The monitoring of the temporal voltage profile at the coil L1 (in particular the 'break-in' shortly after the diode D1 has been blocked after the instant t_2) makes it possible to say something about the advantageous switch-on time of the first switch S1. In a simple embodiment, a comparator would suffice, which can detect the achievement of demagnetization (and thus the zero crossing) on the basis of exceeding or falling below a threshold value.
Anstatt oder ergänzend zur Spannungsüberwachung an der Spule L1 kann beispielsweise die Spannung am Knotenpunkt Ux oberhalb des ersten Schalters S1 überwacht werden. Die Spannung am Knotenpunkt Ux fällt beim Sperren der Diode von einem hohen Wert signifikant ab auf einen niedrigen Wert. Das Signal zum Wiedereinschalten des ersten Schalters S1 kann daher bei Unterschreiten der Spannung Ux unter einem gewissen Schwellwert ausgelöst werden. Die Steuer/Regeleinheit SR schaltet den ersten Schalter S1 zu dem Zeitpunkt wieder ein, wenn die Spule L1 entmagnetisiert ist und/oder die Diode D1 sperrt. Die zweite Sensoreinheit SE2 kann dabei aus einer induktiv an die Spule L1 gekoppelten Sekundärwicklung L2 oder aus einem Spannungsteiler (R1, R2) am Knotenpunkt Ux bestehen.Instead of or in addition to the voltage monitoring on the coil L1, for example, the voltage at the node Ux above the first switch S1 can be monitored. The voltage at node Ux drops significantly from a high value to a low value when the diode is turned off. The signal for restarting the first switch S1 can therefore be triggered below the voltage Ux below a certain threshold value. The control unit SR turns on the first switch S1 again at the time when the coil L1 is demagnetized and / or the diode D1 is off. The second sensor unit SE2 can consist of a inductively coupled to the coil L1 secondary winding L2 or from a voltage divider (R1, R2) at the node Ux.
Die Steuer/Regeleinheit SR verwendet die Information von der ersten Sensoreinheit SE1 und/oder der zweiten Sensoreinheit SE2 zur Festlegung des Aus- und Einschaltzeitpunkts des ersten Schalter S1 Die Regelung der (zeitlich gemittelten) LEDleistung durch SR kann beispielsweise in Form von PWM-Signalen erfolgen. Die Frequenz des PWM Signals liegt typischerweise in der Größenordnung von 100 - 1000 Hz.The control / regulating unit SR uses the information from the first sensor unit SE1 and / or the second sensor unit SE2 to determine the switch-on and switch-on time of the first switch S1 The regulation of the (time-averaged) LED power by SR can take place, for example, in the form of PWM signals , The frequency of the PWM signal is typically of the order of 100-1000 Hz.
In
Als Spannungsteiler ist beispielsweise auch ein kapazitiver Spannungsteiler oder kombinierter Spannungsteiler, der aus Widerstand und Kapazität aufgebaut ist, möglich. Der Messwiderstand (Shunt) RS dient zur Stromerfassung durch den ersten Schalter S1. Die Überwachung des zeitlichen Spannungsverlaufs am Knotenpunkt Ux (insbesondere des 'Einbruchs' kurz nach Sperren der Diode D1 in der Nähe des Zeitpunkts t_2) ermöglicht eine Aussage über den vorteilhaften Wiedereinschaltzeitpunkt des ersten Schalters S1.As a voltage divider, for example, a capacitive voltage divider or combined voltage divider, which is composed of resistance and capacity, possible. The measuring resistor (shunt) RS is used for current detection by the first switch S1. The monitoring of the temporal voltage profile at the node Ux (in particular of the 'break-in' shortly after the diode D1 is blocked near the instant t_2) makes it possible to say something about the advantageous switch-on time of the first switch S1.
Anstatt oder ergänzend zu einer Spannungsüberwachung an der Spule L1 kann beispielsweise die Spannung am Knotenpunktes Ux oberhalb des ersten Schalters S1 überwacht werden. Die Spannung am Knotenpunkt Ux fällt beim Sperren der Diode von einem hohen Wert signifikant ab auf einen niedrigen Wert. Das Signal zum Wiedereinschalten des ersten Schalters S1 kann daher bei Unterschreiten der Spannung Ux unter einem gewissen Schwellwert ausgelöst werden.Instead of or in addition to a voltage monitoring on the coil L1, for example, the voltage at the node Ux above the first switch S1 can be monitored. The voltage at node Ux drops significantly from a high value to a low value when the diode is turned off. The signal for restarting the first switch S1 can therefore be triggered below the voltage Ux below a certain threshold value.
In Schaltungsanordnung von
Vorzugsweise kann der zweite Schalter S2 bei niedrigem Dimmlevel aktiviert und angesteuert werden, wo die PWM-Pakete sehr kurz sind und es wichtig ist, dass der Strom durch die LED am Ende eines Pulspakets rasch gegen null geht. Beispielsweise kann durch geeignete Ansteuerung des zweiten Schalters S2 ein noch niedrigeres Dimmlevel erreicht werden.In circuit arrangement of
Preferably, the second switch S2 can be activated and driven at a low dimming level, where the PWM packets are very short and it is important that the current through the LED rapidly approaches zero at the end of a pulse packet. For example, an even lower dimming level can be achieved by suitable activation of the second switch S2.
Eine weitere Funktion dieses zweiten Schalters S2 ist, dass er im eingeschalteten Zustand die LEDs überbrückt. Dies ist beispielsweise erforderlich, wenn die LEDs ausgeschaltet werden sollen, d.h. kein Licht emittieren sollen, aber die Versorgungsspannung U0 noch anliegt. Ohne die Überbrückung durch den zweiten Schalter S2 würde ein (zwar kleiner) Strom über die LEDs und die Widerstände R1 und R2 fließen und die LEDs (geringfügig) leuchten.Another function of this second switch S2 is that it bridges the LEDs when switched on. This is required, for example, when the LEDs are to be turned off, i. should not emit light, but the supply voltage U0 is still present. Without bridging by the second switch S2, a (smaller) current would flow across the LEDs and resistors R1 and R2, and the LEDs would (slightly) light up.
Es sei angemerkt, dass die Anordnung eines zweiten Schalters S2 parallel zu den LEDs und dem Kondensator C1 zur beschleunigten Entladung des Kondensators C1 bzw. zur Überbrückung der LED nicht nur auf die spezielle Ausführungsform der Schaltungsanordnung von
Die Bestimmung des Zeitpunkts des Nulldurchgangs bzw. der Entmagnetisierung kann wie bereits erwähnt auch mittels einer Schwellwertüberwachung erfolgen (auf das Unter- oder. Überschreiten eines Schwellwerts, bei einer Überwachung mittels einer Sekundärwicklung L2 hängt die Polarität der Spannung von dem Wicklungssinn der Sekundärwicklung L2 zu der Spule L1 ab).As already mentioned, the determination of the time point of the zero crossing or the demagnetization can also take place by means of a threshold value monitoring (in the case of monitoring by means of a secondary winding L2, the polarity of the voltage depends on the winding sense of the secondary winding L2) Coil L1 off).
Es sei bemerkt, dass das Verfahren zur Detektion eines vorteilhaften Einschaltzeitpunkts für den ersten Schalter S1 natürlich auf andere Schaltungstopologien angewandt werden kann, so beispielsweise für einen sogenannten Sperrwandler bzw. Buck-Boost Converter oder einen sogenannten Durchflusswandler bzw. Forward Converter.
Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist in
Ein erster dieser Überwachungseingänge kann für die Vorgabe eines Referenzwertes wie bspw. einer Referenzspannung genutzt werden.A first of these monitoring inputs can be used for specifying a reference value, such as a reference voltage.
Ein zweiter Überwachungseingang kann für die Überwachung des Erreichens einer maximalen Spannung oder auch anhand einer Spannungsmessung an einem Widerstand zur Überwachung des Erreichens eines maximalen Stromes genutzt werden. Ein dritter Überwachungseingang kann für die Überwachung einer weiteren Spannung oder auch zur Aktivierung und Deaktivierung des Steuerschaltkreis IC oder der Ansteuerung den Steuerschaltkreis IC angesteuerten Schalters genutzt werden.A second monitoring input can be used for monitoring the achievement of a maximum voltage or even using a voltage measurement on a resistor for monitoring the achievement of a maximum current. A third monitoring input can be used for the monitoring of another voltage or also for the activation and deactivation of the control circuit IC or the control of the control circuit IC controlled switch.
Gemäß der
Beispielweise kann der Microcontroller ein PWM-Signal ausgeben, dass dann durch ein Filter 10 geglättet wird (beispielsweise ein RC-Glied) und somit als Gleichspannungssignal mit einer bestimmten Amplitude an dem Eingang 3 des Steuerschaltkreis IC anliegt. Durch Änderung des Tastverhältnisses des PWM-Signales des Microcontrollers kann die Amplitude des Signales am Eingang 3 des Steuerschaltkreis IC angepasst werden.For example, the microcontroller can output a PWM signal, which is then smoothed by a filter 10 (for example an RC element) and thus applied as a DC signal with a specific amplitude to the
Der Steuerschaltkreis IC kann über den Eingang 5 anhand der Überwachung der Spannung an einer auf der Spule L1 aufgebrachten Sekundärwicklung L2 das Erreichen der Entmagnetisierung der Spule L1 erkennen. Diese Erkennung kann als Wiedereinschaltsignal genutzt werden. Sobald die Entmagnetisierung der Spule L1 durch den Steuerschaltkreis IC erkannt wurde, kann der Steuerschaltkreis IC den ersten Schalter S1 durch eine Ansteuerung über den Ausgang 7 einschalten.The control circuit IC can detect the achievement of the demagnetization of the coil L1 via the input 5 by monitoring the voltage across a secondary winding L2 applied to the coil L1. This detection can be used as a reclosing signal. Once the demagnetization of the coil L1 has been detected by the control circuit IC, the control circuit IC, the first switch S1 by a control via the output 7 turn on.
Der Steuerschaltkreis IC kann durch Anlegen einer Spannung am Eingang 1 aktiviert und / oder auch deaktiviert werden. Diese Spannung zum Aktivieren am Eingang 1 kann auch wischen einem Hoch- und einem Tiefpegel wechseln, wobei bei Hochpegel der Steuerschaltkreis IC aktiviert wird und bei Tiefpegel zumindest die Ansteuerung des ersten Schalters S1 unterbricht. Diese Ansteuerung des Eingangs 1 kann durch einen Microcontroller erfolgen. Beispielsweise kann auf diese Weise eine niederfrequente Aktivierung und Deaktivierung des Steuerschaltkreis IC und somit der Ansteuerung des ersten Schalters S1 erreicht werden und somit die niederfrequente Ansteuerung des Betriebsschaltung zum Dimmen der LED.The control circuit IC can be activated and / or deactivated by applying a voltage at the
Über den Eingang 1 kann über die Amplitude des an diesem Eingang anliegenden Signales weiterhin auch eine weitere Referenzspannung für den Steuerschaltkreis IC vorgegeben werden. Diese Spannung kann beispielsweise auch die Höhe des maximal zulässigen Stromes durch den Schalter beeinflussen oder aber auch die zulässige Einschaltdauer des ersten Schalters S1. Der Steuerschaltkreis IC und/oder der Steuerschaltkreis IC kombiniert mit dem Microcontroller können gemeinsam die Steuereinheit SR bilden.Via the
Die Einschaltdauer des ersten Schalters S1 kann auch von einer weiteren Spannungsmessung innerhalb der Betriebsschaltung abhängig sein. Beispielweise kann dem Steuerschaltkreis IC auch eine Spannungsmessung Vsense zugeführt werden.
Über diese Spannungsmessung kann über einen Spannungsteiler R40/ R47 beispielweise eine Überwachung oder auch Messung der Spannung am Knotenpunkt zwischen Spule L1 und LED erfolgen. Diese Spannungsmessung Vsense kann entweder einem weiteren Eingang des Steuerschaltkreises IC, als zusätzliche Größe additiv einem bereits belegten Eingang des Steuerschaltkreis IC oder auch einen Eingang des Microcontrollers zugeführt werden.The switch-on duration of the first switch S1 can also be dependent on a further voltage measurement within the operating circuit. For example, the control circuit IC can also be supplied with a voltage measurement Vsense.
About this voltage measurement can be done via a voltage divider R40 / R47, for example, a monitoring or measurement of the voltage at the junction between coil L1 and LED. This voltage measurement Vsense can either be supplied to an additional input of the control circuit IC, as an additional variable additively to an already occupied input of the control circuit IC or else to an input of the microcontroller.
Somit kann ein System aufgebaut werden, bei dem zum einen eine einfache Ansteuerung zum Dimmen von LED durch niederfrequente PWM ermöglicht wird, zum anderen ein möglichst verlustarmer hochfrequenter Betrieb des Betriebsgerätes kombiniert mit einem möglichst konstanten Strom durch die LED.Thus, a system can be constructed in which on the one hand a simple control for dimming of LED by low-frequency PWM is made possible, on the other hand low-loss as possible high-frequency operation of the operating device combined with a constant current as possible through the LED.
Es kann durch einen Microcontroller sowohl die Frequenz als auch das Tastverhältnis eines PWM-Singales zum Dimmen von LED vorgegeben werden, daneben kann auch die Höhe des maximal zulässigen Stromes durch den ersten Schalter S1 vorgegeben werden. Der Microcontroller kann über ein Signal, welches an den Eingang 1 des Steuerschaltkreis IC geführt wird, das Dimmen der LED durch niederfrequente PWM steuern. Weiterhin kann der Microcontroller über ein Signal, welches an den Eingang 3 des Steuerschaltkreis IC geführt wird, die Höhe des maximal zulässigen Stromes durch den ersten Schalter S1 oder auch die notwendige Einschaltdauer des ersten Schalters S1 vorgegeben.It can be specified by a microcontroller, both the frequency and the duty cycle of a PWM signal for dimming LED, next to the height of the maximum allowable current can be specified by the first switch S1. The microcontroller can control the dimming of the LED by low-frequency PWM via a signal which is fed to the
Die Betriebsschaltung kann weiterhin einen weiteren Schalter S2 enthalten, der so angeordnet ist, dass dieser zweiten Schalter S2 die LED überbrücken kann.The operating circuit may further include a further switch S2, which is arranged so that this second switch S2 can bridge the LED.
Der zweite Schalter S2 kann weiterhin so angeordnet sein, dass er den Strom durch einen vorhandenen hochohmigen Spannungsmesspfad oder eine ähnliche vorhandene hochohmige Schaltungsanordnung von der LED übernehmen oder diesen unterbrechen kann.The second switch S2 may further be arranged so that it can take over the current through an existing high-impedance voltage measuring path or a similar existing high-resistance circuit arrangement of the LED or interrupt it.
Durch Parallelschaltung des zweiten Schalters S2 zu den LED kann dieser die LED überbrücken und somit deaktivieren. Dieses Verfahren kann zum Einstellen der Helligkeit (Dimmen) der LED genutzt werden. Eine mögliche Variante wäre, dass das Dimmen über den zweiten Schalter S2 erfolgt, während über die Ansteuerung des ersten Schalters S1 nur der Strom durch die LED eingestellt und geregelt wird.By connecting the second switch S2 in parallel to the LED, the latter can bridge the LED and thus deactivate it. This method can be used to adjust the brightness (dimming) of the LED. A possible variant would be that the dimming takes place via the second switch S2, while only the current through the LED is set and regulated via the activation of the first switch S1.
Es kann aber die Ansteuerung der beiden Schalter S1 und S2 für eine optimierte Dimmansteuerung kombiniert genutzt werden. So kann beispielsweise der zweite Schalter S2 nur für das Dimmen auf niedrige Dimmlevel zusätzlich genutzt werden. Die Betriebsschaltung ist aufgrund der vorhandenen Topologie und der Regelschaltung so ausgelegt, dass die Ausgangsspannung der Betriebsschaltung (d.h. die Spannung über der LED) auf einen maximal zulässigen Wert begrenzt wird. Wird durch Schließen des zweiten Schalters S2 die LED überbrückt, dann begrenzt die Betriebsschaltung die Ausgangsspannung derart, dass kein überhöhter Strom fließen kann, der zu einer möglichen Zerstörung führen kann. Diese Ansteuerung des zweiten Schalters S2 kann beispielsweise nur für das Dimmen auf niedrige Dimmlevel genutzt werden.However, the control of the two switches S1 and S2 can be used in combination for optimized dimming control. For example, the second switch S2 can be additionally used only for dimming to a low dimming level. The operating circuit, due to the existing topology and control circuitry, is designed to limit the output voltage of the operating circuit (i.e., the voltage across the LED) to a maximum allowable value. If the LED is bridged by closing the second switch S2, then the operating circuit limits the output voltage such that no excessive current can flow, which can lead to possible destruction. This activation of the second switch S2 can be used, for example, only for dimming to a low dimming level.
Wenn der Tiefsetzsteller (Buck-Converter) fix auf Stromquellenbetrieb (im sogenannten Hysteritischen Modus wie in den Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben) arbeitet und effizient läuft, können die LED einzig mit zweiten Schalter S2, der sehr niederohmig sein sollte, gedimmt werden, und die Verluste sind trotzdem gering.When the buck converter is fixed to power source operation (in the so-called hysteretic mode as described in the embodiments) and operates efficiently, the LEDs can only be dimmed with second switch S2, which should be very low impedance, and the losses are still low.
Zusätzlich kann der zweite Schalter S2 so angesteuert werden, dass er den Strom durch einen vorhandenen hochohmigen Spannungsmesspfad oder eine ähnliche vorhandene hochohmige Schaltungsanordnung von der LED übernehmen kann.
Wenn beispielsweise gemäß
If, for example, according to
In diesem Fall kann bei einer gewünschten Deaktivierung der LED (beispielsweise wenn kein Licht abgegeben werden soll) der zweite Schalter S2 geschlossen werden, damit der Stromfluß durch die LED unterbrochen oder vermieden wird.In this case, with a desired deactivation of the LED (for example, when no light is to be delivered), the second switch S2 can be closed, so that the current flow through the LED is interrupted or avoided.
Der zweite Schalter S2 kann zumindest immer im Anschluss an ein niederfrequentes PWM-Paket angesteuert werden, um die LED zu überbrücken bzw. zu deaktivieren (während der letzten Entladeflanke, das heißt am Ende eines PWM Pulspaketes).The second switch S2 can at least always be triggered following a low-frequency PWM packet in order to bridge or deactivate the LED (during the last discharge edge, ie at the end of a PWM pulse packet).
Eine Unterbrechung des Stromes durch die LED kann auch durch Anordnung des zweiten Schalters S2 in Serie mit den LED erfolgen.An interruption of the current through the LED can also be done by arranging the second switch S2 in series with the LED.
Das Beispiel der
Claims (14)
- An operating circuit for at least one LED, which is supplied with direct current voltage or rectified alternating current voltage, and which provides a supply voltage for at least one LED by means of a coil (L1) and a first switch (S1) that is clocked by a control/regulation unit (SR), where during the activated state of the first switch S1, energy is temporarily stored in the coil (L1), which is discharged when the first switch (S1) is turned off through a free wheeling diode (D1) and through at least one LED, wherein a capacitor (C1) is provided, which is arranged in parallel to at least one LED, and which maintains the current through the LED during the phase of the demagnetization of the coil (L1), characterized in that a first sensor unit (SE1) is provided, which generates a sensor signal (SES1) which is dependent on the current flowing through the first switch (S1), and with a second sensor unit (S2), which detects that the demagnetization of the coil (L1) has been reached and generates a sensor signal (SES2), and in that the sensor signals (SES1, SES2) are supplied to and processed by the control/regulation unit (SR) at the point in time when the first switch (S1) is turned on again, when the coil (L1) is demagnetized and thereby the free wheeling diode (D1) is blocking.
- The operating circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor unit (SR) uses a combination of the signal (SES1) of the first sensor unit (SE1) and a signal (SES2) of the second sensor unit (SE2) for determining the point in time for turning the first switch (S1) on and off.
- The operating circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the control/regulation unit (SR) of the first switch (S1) is turned off when the current flowing through the first switch (S1) exceeds a maximum reference value.
- The operating circuit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first sensor unit (SE1) is a measurement resistor (shunt, RS).
- The operating circuit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second sensor unit (SE2) comprises a secondary winding (L2) which is inductively coupled with the coil (L1).
- The operating circuit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second sensor unit (SE2) is a Hall sensor.
- The operating circuit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second sensor unit (SE2) determines whether demagnetization of the coil (L1) has been reached, as the unit monitors the voltage (Ux) at the node between the first switch (S1) and the coil (L1).
- The operating switch according to claim 7, characterized in that the detection of the voltage (Ux) is realized by means of a resistive voltage distributor (R1/R2), a capacitive voltage distributor, or a combined voltage distributor comprising a resistance and a capacitance.
- The operating switch according to one of the preceding claims, equipped with a control circuit IC, which is provided with an input for determining whether that the demagnetization of a coil (L1) has been reached and controls a first switch (S1).
- The operating switch according to one of the preceding claims, including a microcontroller, which activates and/or deactivates by applying a voltage to an input of the control circuit IC this control circuit, and presets a reference voltage for the control circuit IC at another input.
- The operating circuit according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that it can be controlled by a second switch (S2), which is arranged in parallel to the capacitor (C1) and to the LEDs and is independent of the first switch (S1).
- The operating circuit according to claim 11, characterized in that the second switch is closed in order to accelerate the discharging operation of the capacitor (C1).
- A method for operating at least one LED by means of a switching regulator circuit, which is supplied with direct current voltage or rectified alternating current voltage and which provides a supply voltage for at least one LED by means of a coil (L1) and a first switch (S1) that is clocked by a control/regulation unit (SR), where during the activated state of the first switch S1, energy is temporarily stored in the coil (L1), which is discharged when the first switch (S1) is turned off through a free wheeling diode (D1) and through at least one LED, where a capacitor (C1) is provided, which is arranged in parallel to at least one LED, and which maintains the current through the LED during the phase of the demagnetization of the coil (L1), characterized in that a first sensor unit (SE1) is provided, which generates a sensor signal (SES1) which is dependent on the current flowing through the first switch (S1) and a second sensor unit (SE2), which detects demagnetization of the coil (L1), wherein the control/regulation unit (SR) turns the first switch (S1) on again at the point in time when the coil (L1) is demagnetized and thereby the free wheeling diode (D1) is blocking.
- The method for operating at least one LED according to claim 13, characterized in that the control/regulation unit (SR) of the first switch (S1) is turned off when the current flowing through the first switch (S1) exceeds a maximum reference value.
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JP6533980B2 (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-06-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | lighting equipment |
CN110768510B (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2022-09-20 | 上海矽力杰微电子技术有限公司 | Control circuit and method and power converter |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH1167471A (en) * | 1997-08-26 | 1999-03-09 | Tec Corp | Lighting system |
FI104034B (en) | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-29 | Teknoware Oy | Method and device for supplying power to light emitting diodes |
FI106770B (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2001-03-30 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Illuminating electronic device and illumination method |
US7071762B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2006-07-04 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Supply assembly for a led lighting module |
DE10230103B4 (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2012-10-31 | Tridonic Ag | Power supply for light-emitting diodes |
WO2007049198A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A system for driving a constant current load |
US8169185B2 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2012-05-01 | Mojo Mobility, Inc. | System and method for inductive charging of portable devices |
DE102006034371B4 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2019-01-31 | Tridonic Ag | Operating circuit and operating method for light-emitting diodes |
US8067896B2 (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2011-11-29 | Exclara, Inc. | Digitally controlled current regulator for high power solid state lighting |
US8237372B2 (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2012-08-07 | Nxp B.V. | Electronic device for driving light emitting diodes |
US20110109247A1 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2011-05-12 | Nxp B.V. | Switched mode power converter and method of operating the same |
-
2009
- 2009-10-16 EP EP09752099A patent/EP2345308B1/en active Active
- 2009-10-16 DE DE112009002593T patent/DE112009002593A5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-16 GB GB1106312.0A patent/GB2476609B/en active Active
- 2009-10-16 CN CN2009801414887A patent/CN102187736B/en active Active
- 2009-10-16 WO PCT/EP2009/007455 patent/WO2010046065A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-10-16 US US13/125,022 patent/US8525442B2/en active Active
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DE112009002593A5 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
WO2010046065A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
CN102187736A (en) | 2011-09-14 |
EP2345308A1 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
GB2476609A (en) | 2011-06-29 |
GB201106312D0 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
US20110199023A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
GB2476609B (en) | 2014-02-19 |
US8525442B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
CN102187736B (en) | 2013-06-19 |
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