EP2344757A2 - Rotor haubané à câbles pour turbine hydraulique et éolienne - Google Patents

Rotor haubané à câbles pour turbine hydraulique et éolienne

Info

Publication number
EP2344757A2
EP2344757A2 EP09748474A EP09748474A EP2344757A2 EP 2344757 A2 EP2344757 A2 EP 2344757A2 EP 09748474 A EP09748474 A EP 09748474A EP 09748474 A EP09748474 A EP 09748474A EP 2344757 A2 EP2344757 A2 EP 2344757A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
blade section
rotor system
inner blade
hub
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09748474A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthew Brown
James G. P. Dehlsen
Kenneth Gluck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clipper Windpower LLC
Original Assignee
Clipper Windpower LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clipper Windpower LLC filed Critical Clipper Windpower LLC
Publication of EP2344757A2 publication Critical patent/EP2344757A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F03D7/0228—Adjusting blade pitch of the blade tips only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/917—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure attached to cables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotor system for a fluid-flow turbine comprising a hub mounted on a shaft, and a plurality of rotor blades.
  • a nacelle In a typical horizontal-axis wind turbine, a nacelle is mounted on a tall vertical tower.
  • the nacelle houses power- transmitting mechanisms, electrical equipment and supports a rotor system at one end.
  • Rotor systems for horizontal-axis wind turbines ordinarily include one or more blades attached to a rotor hub on a shaft. Wind flow drives the rotor, which turns the shaft in the nacelle. The shaft turns gears that transmit torque to electric generator (s) .
  • the nacelle typically pivots about the vertical tower to take advantage of wind flowing from any direction. The pivoting about this vertical-axis in response to changes in wind direction is known as yawing or yaw response and the vertical-axis is referred to as the yaw-axis.
  • the yaw-axis As wind moves past the blades with enough speed the rotor system rotates and the wind turbine converts the wind energy into electrical energy through the generators. Electrical outputs of the generator (s) are transmitted to
  • the rotor blades must increase in length to expose a larger swept area to the wind for the added energy capture needed to drive the greater generating capacity.
  • the end of a rotor blade (the root) is bolted to the hub which attaches to the main shaft.
  • the hub which attaches to the main shaft.
  • a key structural limitation on very large blades is with fatigue life at the root of the blade where the gravity effect on each rotation produces lead-lag loading, concentrated on the blade root. Larger blade size also is limited by a blade root diameter which meets width limits for road transportation.
  • the invention provides a method to significantly increase rotor blade size.
  • Wind turbines are designed to yaw in response to changes in wind direction during operation by setting rotor alignment to face or hunt the new wind direction. Excessive hunting motion results in undesirable yaw-induced vibration and stress on the rotor system. Blade and rotor hub fatigue and ultimate failure of the blade and rotor hub where the blade and rotor hub meet is directly related to the number of hunting motions and the speed at which they occur. Rapid changes in yaw dramatically increase the forces acting against the rotational inertia of the entire rotor system, magnifying the bending moments at the blade root where it meets and is attached to the rotor hub. Vibration and stress cause fatigue in the rotor hub and blade root thereby decreasing the useful life of the equipment and reducing dependability.
  • the invention provides added structural support to enable very large rotors to reduce yawing loads on the hub.
  • Publication No. WO/2006/097836 published September 21, 2006 "Tension Wheel In A Rotor System For Wind And Water Turbines” describes a rotor system for a fluid-flow turbine comprising a hub mounted on a shaft, a plurality of rotor blades, and a tension wheel, the tension wheel comprising a rim structure mounted to the hub by a plurality of spokes.
  • Each rotor blade is attached to the rim structure of the tension wheel.
  • the lost energy in the area of the rotor circumscribed by the tension wheel rim structure is captured by applying airfoils, such as blades or sails, to the spokes of the tension wheel and/or an inner section of the rotor blades .
  • blade length imposes structural requirements on the blade root end, which adds weight, which in turn imposes even greater structural requirements, which in the end limits blade up-scaling possibilities.
  • a rotor system for a fluid-flow turbine comprising a hub assembly which is mounted on a shaft coupled with a power-transmitting device, a plurality of rotor blades, each of which comprises an inner blade section, a collar and an outer blade section.
  • the inner blade section is rotatably supported by and extends outward from the hub assembly to its respective collar, wherein the outer blade section extends outward from a respective one of the collars.
  • the inner blade section and the outer blade section are rotatable .
  • the invention is concerned with a rotor system for a fluid-flow turbine in which a number of rotor blades are attached to a hub and constrained in two dimensions by tension cables connected between collars on the rotor blades and the hub.
  • the rotor blades are constrained in the plane of rotation (laterally) by blade-to-blade tension stays or cables connecting the blades or collars on the rotor blades together.
  • the rotor system includes a hub assembly mounted on a shaft, and a plurality of rotor blades mounted to and extending outward from the hub assembly.
  • the hub assembly comprises a hub and a collar for each rotor blade or the blades can be mounted directly to the hub.
  • Each rotor blade has an inner section extending outward from the hub to its respective collar or stay attachment and an outer section extending outward from this collar or stay attachment.
  • Each rotor blade is attached to a collar in such a way that the rotor blade can be rotated for pitch control or the inner section and the outer section can be rotated independently for individual pitch control.
  • the collars are connected to the hub by a plurality of tension stays that constrain the rotor blades in at least one dimension such that the inner blade section of each rotor blade is in compression.
  • the advantage of this structure is that the blade pitch motors can be located at the hub assembly (main hub) , reducing strain on the rotor.
  • the motor at the main hub can turn the inner and outer blade sections to capture wind across the entire structure.
  • blade-to- blade tension stays connect the collars or blades one to another to constrain the blades laterally.
  • the invention has the advantage that cable stays allow for many narrow, high aspect ratio blades to be used on a fluid- flow turbine rotor. This results in greater performance and smaller, less costly and easy to transport blades.
  • the invention has the advantage that fore and/or aft stays provide resistance to the rotor' s thrust forces and can assist in transmitting the rotor torque to the hub, the blade-to- blade stays resist the "lead-lag" loads.
  • the invention has the advantage that it provides a structural means to support blades efficiently on very large rotors which would otherwise exceed the structural capacity of typical rotors where blades are simply attached to the hub with no other means of structural support.
  • the invention has the advantage of reduced cost and increased efficiency of large-scale wind and water turbines.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a rotor system and tower with rotating inner and outer blade sections in which applicant's invention is embodied
  • FIGURE 2 is a side view of a rotor system and tower in which applicant's invention is embodied;
  • FIGURE 3 is a front view of the rotor system shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of one of the collars shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 5 is a plan view of one of the blades shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of the hub shown in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a rotor system with linked, rotating inner and outer blade sections in which applicant's invention is embodied.
  • the wind power- generating device includes an electric generator housed in a turbine nacelle 1, which is mounted to a turbine yaw base 2 atop a tower structure 4 anchored to the ground 5.
  • the turbine yaw base 2 is free to rotate in the horizontal plane such that it tends to remain in the path of prevailing wind current.
  • the rotor system has a hub assembly 6, which includes inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 attached to a hub 18. Each inner blade section is provided with a collar 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, respectively.
  • the hub assembly consists of hub structure extending fore and aft of where the blades are attached to the hub.
  • the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 extend from the hub structure.
  • the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 are further mounted in the hub assembly by a plurality of fore stays 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 and aft stays 25, 27, 29, 31, 33.
  • the fore stays 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 transmit the torque from each collar 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 around the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 fore to the distal end 34 of the hub structure of the hub assembly.
  • the aft stays 25, 27, 29, 31, 33 transmit the torque from each collar 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 around the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 aft to the proximate end 36 of the hub structure of the hub assembly.
  • the rotor system further includes outer blade sections 50, 52, 54, 56, 58.
  • Each outer blade section 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 may be attached to a collar 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, respectively or may be integral with the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, i.e. one blade.
  • the outer blade sections may be attached to a collar 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, respectively or may be integral with the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, i.e. one blade. Alternatively, the outer blade sections
  • 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 may telescope into the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 to provide variable length blades.
  • each of the outer blade sections 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 is rotatable dependently in relation to a respective one of the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16.
  • each of the outer blade sections 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 is rotatable independently in relation to a respective one of the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16.
  • pitch motors located at the hub assembly may pitch dependently or independently the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and outer blade sections 50, 52, 54, 56, 58.
  • the collars 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 may be either compression rings or wheels. If the collars 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 are compression rings, the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 may have a fixed compression beam with a pitchable aerodynamic shell that pitches with the outer blade section 50, 52, 54, 56, 58. If the collars 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 are wheels, the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 are free to rotate within a collar 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and the pitch motors are located at the hub and pitch the inner and outer blade sections as one.
  • Each of the blades may have a blade extension section that is variable in length to provide a variable diameter rotor and may be geared to change pitch.
  • the nacelle 1 houses power-transmitting mechanisms, electrical equipment and a shaft that supports the rotor.
  • the rotor system shown in FIGURE 1 has five blades attached to the hub 6, which turns a shaft in the nacelle.
  • the shaft turns gears that transmit torque to electric generators.
  • the nacelle 1 pivots about a vertical axis to take advantage of wind flowing from any direction. The pivoting about this vertical- axis in response to changes in wind direction is known as yaw or yaw response and the vertical-axis is referred to as the yaw-axis.
  • the yaw-axis As wind moves past the blades with enough speed the rotor system rotates and the wind turbine converts the wind energy into electrical energy through the generators. Electrical outputs of the generators are connected to a power grid .
  • the rotor diameter may be controlled to fully extend the rotor at low flow velocity and to retract the rotor as flow velocity increases such that the loads delivered by or exerted upon the rotor do not exceed set limits.
  • the turbine is held by the tower structure in the path of the wind current such that the turbine is held in place horizontally in alignment with the wind current.
  • the electric generator (s) is driven by the turbine to produce electricity and is connected to power carrying cables inter-connecting to other units and/or to a power grid.
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of one of the collars (collar 9) shown in FIGURE 1.
  • Collar 9 has an airfoil shape fairing with a leading edge and a trailing edge (cf. collar 17 in FIGURE 5), which has been removed.
  • the collar 9 has a centrally located hole 63 to receive or accommodate an attachment element of the inner blade section 8 and/or an attachment element of the outer blade section 50.
  • the inner blade section 8 is shown in FIGURE 5.
  • the inner blade section 8 has a thrust bearing 65 serving to maintain the blade longitudinally in the hole 63 in the collar 9, while permitting rotation of the blade for pitch control.
  • the outer blade section 50 may have a thrust bearing serving to maintain the blade longitudinally in the hole 63 in the collar 9, while permitting rotation of the blade for pitch control.
  • the thrust bearing 65 prevents the tension of the stays from forcing the collar 9 down.
  • the collar 9 also functions as an anchoring plate with four holes 64, 66, 68,70, through which the individual cables or stays 24, 33, 40, 48 are passed. Each hole has initially a cylindrical and subseguently a conical area in which the stays or cables are anchored by means of a ring wedge (not shown) .
  • Two or three of the stays or cables 24, 33 are fore and aft stays, respectively.
  • the remaining two stays or cables 40, 48 are lateral stays that connect to the respective collars on the adjacent blades.
  • FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of the hub shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the hub assembly consists of a fore flange 20 at a distal end of the hub assembly and an aft flange 21 at a proximate end of the hub assembly.
  • the hub assembly extends fore and aft of where the five blades are attached to the hub, 78, 80, 82, etc.
  • the inner blade sections 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 extend from the hub assembly.
  • the hub assembly is connected at its proximate end to a main shaft 72 that turns gears and generators within the nacelle 1.
  • the fore flange 20 functions as an anchoring plate with five holes 76, through which the five individual fore stays 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 are passed.
  • the aft flange 21 functions as an anchoring plate with five or ten holes 74, through which the individual aft stays 25, 27, 29, 31, 33 are passed.
  • Each hole 74, 76 can have initially a cylindrical and subseguently a conical area in which the stays or cables are anchored by means of a ring wedge (not shown) .
  • the stays used in the apparatus of the present invention may comprise a bundle of individual wires, solid or airfoil shaped rod or other tension carrying devices.
  • the stays, which are to be tensioned are pre-stressed by use of a conventional tensioning press.
  • this tensioning press works in conjunction with a wedge push-in apparatus.
  • the tensioned (pre-stressed) wires are anchored conventionally by means of wedges in the anchoring plate of the collar 9 and the fore and aft anchoring flanges 20 and 21.
  • the cable-retaining wedges must be pushed in the holes 74, 76 before or during reduction of the tensioning force on the cable wires, to maintain tension. This is accomplished by a wedge push-in plate, which is displaced by a hydraulic press.
  • the hub assembly may be assembled at ground level, the cables tensioned and the hub assembly raised by a crane for attachment to the turbine shaft.
  • the hub assembly may be assembled piece-by piece at the turbine: the hub attached to the turbine shaft, the inner blades attached to the hub, the collars and cables installed and the cables the cables tensioned.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de rotor pour une turbine d'écoulement de fluide, comprenant un ensemble de moyeu (6) qui est monté sur un arbre couplé à un dispositif de transmission d'énergie, et une pluralité de pales de rotor qui comprennent chacune une section de pale intérieure (8, 10, 12, 14, 16), un collier (9, 11, 13, 15, 17) et une section de pale extérieure (50, 52, 54, 56, 58). La section de pale intérieure (8, 10, 12, 14, 16) est supportée de façon rotative par et s'étend vers l'extérieur à partir de l'ensemble de moyeu (6) jusqu'à son collier respectif (9, 11, 13, 15, 17), dans lequel la section de pale extérieure (50, 52, 54, 56, 58) s'étend vers l'extérieur à partir d'un collier respectif des colliers (9, 11, 13, 15, 17). La section de pale intérieure (8, 10, 12, 14, 16) et la section de pale extérieure (50, 52, 54, 56, 58) sont rotatives.
EP09748474A 2008-10-24 2009-10-22 Rotor haubané à câbles pour turbine hydraulique et éolienne Withdrawn EP2344757A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19724708P 2008-10-24 2008-10-24
PCT/IB2009/007189 WO2010046760A2 (fr) 2008-10-24 2009-10-22 Rotor haubané à câbles pour turbine hydraulique et éolienne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2344757A2 true EP2344757A2 (fr) 2011-07-20

Family

ID=42119755

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09748474A Withdrawn EP2344757A2 (fr) 2008-10-24 2009-10-22 Rotor haubané à câbles pour turbine hydraulique et éolienne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20120051914A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2344757A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102187093A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010046760A2 (fr)

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CN105298740B (zh) * 2015-11-03 2018-11-06 周方 风力发电机的转子加强装置
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WO2023241765A1 (fr) * 2022-06-14 2023-12-21 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Éolienne dotée d'éléments de tension de liaison de pale
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102187093A (zh) 2011-09-14
WO2010046760A2 (fr) 2010-04-29
WO2010046760A3 (fr) 2010-09-30
US20120051914A1 (en) 2012-03-01

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