EP2344444A1 - Method for producing diphenylcarbonate having catalyst comprising ionic fluids - Google Patents
Method for producing diphenylcarbonate having catalyst comprising ionic fluidsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2344444A1 EP2344444A1 EP09778577A EP09778577A EP2344444A1 EP 2344444 A1 EP2344444 A1 EP 2344444A1 EP 09778577 A EP09778577 A EP 09778577A EP 09778577 A EP09778577 A EP 09778577A EP 2344444 A1 EP2344444 A1 EP 2344444A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst composition
- butyl
- manganese
- palladium
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with radicals, containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0211—Oxygen-containing compounds with a metal-oxygen link
- B01J31/0212—Alkoxylates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/28—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
- B01J31/30—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C68/00—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C68/01—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids from carbon monoxide and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/70—Complexes comprising metals of Group VII (VIIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/72—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/824—Palladium
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate using a catalyst composition comprising ionic liquids.
- Diphenyl carbonates are intermediates in processes for making polycarbonates.
- Polycarbonates in turn, are synthetic polymers from the polyester family.
- an aqueous solution or suspension of a bisphenol sodium salt is initially charged and gaseous phosgene is introduced in the presence of a solvent for polycarbonate.
- gaseous phosgene is introduced in the presence of a solvent for polycarbonate.
- the polycondensation reaction starts with the formation of polycarbonate.
- the invention described here thus relates in particular to the preparation of diphenyl carbonate for further conversion to polycarbonates according to the second process variant just described.
- a well-known problem of processes for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate is that they are primarily homogeneously catalyzed process, so that a recovery of the catalyst from the reaction mixture is at least consuming, often even not fully representable.
- Another well-known problem with such processes for preparing diphenyl carbonate is that the well-known metal salts of catalyst compositions used in the reaction composition tend to form colloidal particles which either precipitate out of the homogeneous phase or precipitate on the wall of the reactor. Although this facilitates the just mentioned problems of recovery, however, this means that the metal salts of the reaction are no longer available in sufficient quantity and / or their activity drops significantly, so that the process is again operated economically unfavorably.
- WO 2006 088348 A1 a method is disclosed in which an ionic liquid and carbon dioxide as solvent mixture at a certain pressure and a certain Temperature can be used in such a way that at a first time the two solvents are present with the reaction mixture in a homogeneous phase and at a later time the pressure and the temperature are changed such that a phase comprising the ionic liquid and a phase comprising the carbon dioxide arise, the latter being essentially free of ionic liquid.
- the ionic liquid in WO 2006 088348 A1 may also comprise a catalyst or the ionic liquid is itself the catalyst.
- Characteristic of the process disclosed in WO 2006 088348 A1 is the necessary presence of carbon dioxide as a solubilizer between the reaction mixture and the solvent mixture. The disclosed method is particularly suitable for reactions of organic material. It is further disclosed that the catalyst compositions present in the ionic liquid preferably also have ionic character.
- WO 2006 088348 A1 does not disclose on an individualized basis that the ionic liquid is a 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture thereof. Further, any other catalyst compositions that may be in phase, except for phosphine-noble metal catalysts, are not disclosed individually.
- WO 2006 088348 A1 discloses individualized 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, it is known to the person skilled in the art that even small changes in a constituent of the ionic liquid, in particular in the class of ionic liquids, have a great influence on their properties. Thus, said 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is hydrophilic, while 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate has hydrophobic character.
- the object of the prior art is thus to provide a catalyst composition comprising ionic liquids which can be used in particular in carbonylations for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate and which allows such processes to be operated without costly recovery of the catalyst composition or being prone to Forming colloidal particles.
- a process for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate is to be provided, within which, without the need for elaborate recovery of the catalyst composition and without loss of activity of the metal salts, the desired diphenyl carbonate can be produced in a simple and economically advantageous manner with high selectivity and yield.
- a catalyst composition for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate comprising an ionic A liquid, characterized in that the ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture thereof and that the catalyst composition further contains a palladium salt, a manganese salt and a base, to be able to solve this task.
- Preferred palladium salts are palladium bromide, palladium acetate or palladium chloride.
- Preferred manganese salts are manganese (II) acetylacetonate, manganese (III) acetylacetonate, manganese (II) acetate, manganese (III) acetate, or manganese bromide.
- the palladium salts and manganese salts are also referred to collectively as metal salts in the context of the present invention.
- Bases in the context of the present invention refer to substances of the general composition A m + (Y) " m , where A is atoms of groups I and II and m is a natural number from 1 to 2, or where A is an ammonium ion and m is 1 is.
- Y can be either OH or an organic group of the general composition R-O.
- R-O is an alkoxide group. More preferably, R-O is an alcoholate group comprising at least one aromatic moiety covalently attached thereto.
- Particularly preferred bases are NaOH, KOH, sodium phenolate or ammonium phenolate.
- the ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate.
- the ionic liquid is l-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture thereof and the palladium salt is palladium bromide, the manganese salt is manganese (III) acetylacetonate and the base is sodium phenolate.
- the ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate and the palladium salt is palladium bromide, the manganese salt is manganese (III) acetylacetonate and the base is sodium phenolate.
- the catalyst composition according to the invention and its preferred embodiment are particularly advantageous, since the ionic liquids selected surprisingly stabilize especially palladium salts in the solution, so that the problem of the formation of agglomerated, collidal particles can be avoided and thus a loss of the metal salt or a reduction of the activity no longer has to be feared for the reaction to be carried out.
- the selected metal salts in combination with the ionic liquids according to the invention are particularly active for the carbonylation of phenol, so that the combination of the selected metal salts with the selected ionic liquids leads to particularly advantageous conversions in processes for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate from phenol.
- a further advantage of the catalyst composition of the invention and its preferred embodiment is that due to the ionic nature of the palladium salt, manganese salt and base in conjunction with the ionic liquid, they have a high affinity for the ionic liquid, thereby substantially immobilizing these components in the catalyst composition ,
- the catalyst composition of the present invention and its preferred embodiments preferably contains between 0.01 and 0.06 weight percent of palladium salt, between 0.1 and 0.5 weight percent of manganese salt, and between 0.5 and 6 weight percent of base in the ionic liquid.
- the lower limit of the proportion of the palladium salt and manganese salt of the catalyst composition is advantageously very low due to the above-mentioned positive effect of the combination with the ionic liquid, since no loss due to the immobilization has to be feared, which is economically advantageous.
- the upper limit is also advantageously low and essentially limiting for economic reasons, as further metal salt would not produce any significant improvement.
- the catalyst of the present invention can be easily obtained by blending the above-mentioned components of the catalyst composition.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate from a reaction mixture comprising phenol, carbon monoxide, and optionally diphenyl and oxygen in a reaction zone, characterized in that the reaction mixture in the reaction zone by a catalyst composition containing an ionic liquid, the l Butyl-3-methyl-pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture of these, a palladium salt, a manganese salt and a base is passed.
- the preferred palladium salts used in the process are those already disclosed in connection with the catalyst composition of the present invention.
- the ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate.
- the ionic liquid is l-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture thereof and the palladium salt is palladium bromide, the manganese salt is manganese (IH) acetylacetonate and the base is sodium phenolate.
- the ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and the palladium salt is palladium bromide, the manganese salt is manganese (III) acetylacetonate and the base is sodium phenolate.
- the reaction mixture is molecularly dissolved in the catalyst composition in the reaction zone.
- reaction zone In the reaction zone usually prevails a temperature of 75 to 150 0 C, preferably 85-110 0 C.
- Next prevailing in the reaction zone usually a pressure of 3 to 80 bar, preferably from 15 to 30 bar.
- the erf ⁇ ndungshielen pressures and temperatures in the reaction zone are therefore particularly advantageous because in these a particularly high conversion of phenol and carbon monoxide, and oxygen to diphenyl carbonate can be obtained.
- the combined reaction conditions with respect to pressure and temperature are particularly advantageously selectable, since in the catalyst composition the ionic liquid, the palladium salt, the manganese salt, and the base are dissolved and none of these substances has a significant vapor pressure under the reaction conditions indicated, so that the high Turnover without the risk of loss of the catalyst composition by evaporation, as would be the case in processes using homogeneous catalysis in a well-known solvent.
- the reaction mixture is passed through a separation zone after the reaction zone.
- the preferred further development of the process according to the invention for preparing diphenyl carbonate is particularly advantageous because two phases form in the separation zone and the separate product phase is separated from the catalyst composition containing the ionic liquid, the palladium salt, the manganese salt and the base by a simple phase separation can be. This allows a simple and inexpensive separation of the reaction mixture from the catalyst composition and thereafter a substantially complete reuse of the catalyst composition.
- the catalyst composition surprisingly found in this invention preferably finds use in processes for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate according to the process disclosed herein.
- a further subject of the present invention is therefore the use of a mixture comprising 1-buty-W-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture thereof, a palladium salt, a manganese salt and a base for the production of diphenyl carbonate, from a reaction mixture comprising phenol, carbon monoxide, and oxygen.
- a mixture which contains 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or a mixture of these, palladium bromide, manganese (III) acetylacetonate and sodium phenolate.
- reaction mixture (A) comprising phenol, carbon monoxide and oxygen is introduced into a reaction zone (R) with catalyst composition (K) at a pressure pi.
- reaction mixture (B) comprising phenol, carbon monoxide, and oxygen, diphenyl carbonate and the catalyst composition is obtained.
- reaction mixture (B) is then passed into a separation zone (S), in which a reaction mixture (C), comprising phenol, carbon monoxide, and oxygen and diphenyl carbonate as a separate phase of the catalyst composition (K), settles.
- the catalyst composition (K) is recycled to the reaction zone (R).
- Example 1 Inventive Catalyst Composition
- a first catalyst composition according to the invention consisting of 0.19 g of PdBr 2 , 1.9 g of manganese (III) acetylacetonate, 1.8 g of sodium phenolate, and 3.0 g of 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate (Fluka) and 9 g molecular sieve 3A (pore size 3 Angstrom; Fluka) was obtained by weighing the individual components in a beaker.
- Example 2 Inventive Catalyst Composition
- Example 3 Inventive Catalyst Composition
- a third catalyst composition according to the invention consisting of 0.019 g of PdBr 2 , 0.19 g of manganese (III) acetylacetonate, 0.18 g of sodium phenolate, and a mixture of 0.15 g of 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate (Fluka ) and 0.15 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (Fluka) and 1 g of molecular sieve 3A (pore size 3 Angstrom; Fluka) was obtained by weighing the individual components in a beaker.
- Example 2 Inventive Process with Catalyst Composition According to Example 2 An experiment was carried out analogously to that in Example 4, but the catalyst composition according to Example 2 was used. No precipitation of metal salts was observed. A yield of diphenyl carbonate of 5.01 wt.% was determined.
- Example 6
- Example 3 in connection with Example 6 was therefore a factor of 1/10 over the
- a first catalyst composition not according to the invention was identical to that of Example 3, except that instead of the mixture of 0.15 g of 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate (Fluka) and 0.15 g of 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (Fluka) was now weighed 0.3 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Fluka).
- a second catalyst composition was identical to that of Example 1 except that 3.0 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide were used in place of 3.0 g of 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate (Fluka) were weighed, prepared.
- a third catalyst composition not according to the invention was identical to that of Example 1, except that 3.0 g of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide instead of 3.0 g of 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate (Fluka) were weighed, prepared.
- a fourth catalyst composition not according to the invention was identical to that of Example 1 except that instead of 3.0 g of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate, 3.0 g of tri-hexyl-tetradecyl-phosphonium acetate were added. tetrafluoroborate (Fluka). Comparative Example 5: Fifth Non-Inventive Catalyst Composition
- Example 6 A fifth, non-inventive catalyst composition equal to that of Example 1 was prepared with the difference that instead of 3.0 g of l-butyl-3-methyl-pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroacetate now 3.0 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide (Fluka) were weighed. Comparative Example 6:
- Example 4 An experiment was carried out analogously to that in Example 4, except that the catalyst composition according to Comparative Example 5 was used. A yield of diphenyl carbonate of 7.5% by weight was determined. However, it was found that the palladium catalyst precipitates as black palladium metal.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008049787A DE102008049787A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2008-09-30 | Process for the preparation of diphenyl carbonate with catalyst comprising ionic liquids |
PCT/EP2009/006721 WO2010037477A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2009-09-17 | Method for producing diphenylcarbonate having catalyst comprising ionic fluids |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2344444A1 true EP2344444A1 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
Family
ID=41259374
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09778577A Withdrawn EP2344444A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2009-09-17 | Method for producing diphenylcarbonate having catalyst comprising ionic fluids |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8507712B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2344444A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102171177A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008049787A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010037477A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2853559A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-01 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Polycarbonate composition with improved electrical properties containing carbon black |
EP2853560A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-01 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Polycarbonate composition with improved electrical properties containing carbon nanotubes |
CN106977401A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-25 | 濮阳市宏源石油化工有限公司 | Using ionic liquid as the method for accelerator diphenyl carbonate synthesis |
CN109265344B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2021-08-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Preparation method of diphenyl carbonate compound |
CN110878020B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-11-30 | 大连理工大学 | Method for directly preparing dimethyl carbonate under low pressure |
CN113087740B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2023-12-22 | 河南科技学院 | Preparation method and application of organotin ionic liquid catalyst |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19605167A1 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-14 | Bayer Ag | Process for the extractive separation of diaryl carbonates and the underlying aromatic hydroxy compounds from reaction solutions |
JP3660982B2 (en) | 2001-11-08 | 2005-06-15 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Method for producing carboxylate |
DE10164143A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-10 | Bayer Ag | Process for the separation of reaction mixtures and recycling of quaternary salts and bases |
JP4190820B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2008-12-03 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Carbonate ester production catalyst and carbonate ester production method |
DE10309954A1 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Production of aromatic carbonate comprises reaction of aromatic hydroxyl compound with carbon monoxide and oxygen in presence of catalyst system with preheating of at least portion of reaction mixture prior to reaction |
WO2006088348A1 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-24 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Process for carrying out a chemical reaction with ionic liquid and carbon dioxide under pressure |
JP4780379B2 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2011-09-28 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Method for producing carbonate having alkyl group or aryl group by carbon dioxide fixation |
-
2008
- 2008-09-30 DE DE102008049787A patent/DE102008049787A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-09-17 EP EP09778577A patent/EP2344444A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-17 CN CN2009801388204A patent/CN102171177A/en active Pending
- 2009-09-17 WO PCT/EP2009/006721 patent/WO2010037477A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-09-17 US US13/120,086 patent/US8507712B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2010037477A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102008049787A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
US20110172454A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
CN102171177A (en) | 2011-08-31 |
WO2010037477A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
US8507712B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
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