EP2337054B1 - Circuit à relais de sécurité - Google Patents

Circuit à relais de sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2337054B1
EP2337054B1 EP20100015412 EP10015412A EP2337054B1 EP 2337054 B1 EP2337054 B1 EP 2337054B1 EP 20100015412 EP20100015412 EP 20100015412 EP 10015412 A EP10015412 A EP 10015412A EP 2337054 B1 EP2337054 B1 EP 2337054B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
switching
potential
relay
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20100015412
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2337054A2 (fr
EP2337054A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Lindner
Peter Kirner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Electric GmbH
Original Assignee
Wieland Electric GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Electric GmbH filed Critical Wieland Electric GmbH
Publication of EP2337054A2 publication Critical patent/EP2337054A2/fr
Publication of EP2337054A3 publication Critical patent/EP2337054A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2337054B1 publication Critical patent/EP2337054B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety relay circuit, as is commonly used in safety-related circuits for industrial applications with danger potential, in particular in an emergency stop circuit, a two-hand trip or for monitoring the position of a protective door.
  • safety-related circuits are generally redundant. Such a circuit therefore usually comprises two signal transmitters, one of which is arranged in each case in one of two independent signal circuits.
  • the safety-critical application is only released if both signal generators indicate a safe state in unison.
  • the safety relay circuit is usually interposed within the safety-related circuit the signal generator and a Freigabestrompfad, via which, for example, the engine of a safety-critical industrial plant is controlled.
  • the safety relay circuit (hereinafter referred to as relay circuit) usually comprises two switching relays, which are connected in series in the release current path.
  • the enable current path is thus enabled only when both switching relays are closed (i.e., turned on) simultaneously.
  • a relay circuit is usually produced as an integrated circuit (IC).
  • the switching relays are connected as intended to one of the two signal transmitters, so that by switching both signal transmitters switched the switching relay, and thus the Freigabestrompfad, depending on the type of safety-related circuit, open (interrupted) or closed (released) can be.
  • both signal generator of a redundant door position signaling circuit are closed by the above-mentioned protective door in its closed position, whereby the switching relay of the relay circuit energized, and in turn the Freigabestrompfad be unlocked.
  • One possible source of error in relay circuits of this type is a so-called cross-circuit, i. a short circuit between the two redundant signal circuits of the safety circuit.
  • a cross-circuit can occur, in particular, when the signal line is pinched between the signal generators and the relay circuit.
  • one of the signal transmitters of the safety circuit is bridged by the cross-circuit, so that the redundancy of the safety circuit is canceled.
  • the electrical resistance between the signal circuits is tested by the relay circuit during operation at regular intervals.
  • a test requires a comparatively complex switching logic within the relay circuit and is correspondingly expensive.
  • such testing is done by means of a microcontroller.
  • a failure of the switching logic in this case lead to a - possibly unnoticeable - failure of the cross-circuit detection.
  • the two switching relays of the relay circuit are switched via different potential.
  • one of the switching relays is switched on the control side between positive operating potential and ground, while the other switching relay is connected between positive and negative operating potential.
  • a short-circuit current flows, due to which the voltage across at least one of the switching relays collapses so that it triggers and interrupts the enabling current path.
  • both signal transmitters with the same polarity, ie either positive or negative, Potential to switch, even if in this case cross-circuits can not be detected.
  • one of the switching relay is connected to both control inputs each with an input contact, so that the switching relay associated with this signal generator can be selectively switched between the switching relay and positive operating potential or between the switching relay and negative operating potential.
  • the second switching relay of this relay circuit is internally connected to ground with a control input, while the other control input is connected to a further input contact.
  • the relay circuit also includes output contacts for positive and negative operating potential for wiring to the signal paths. In this design, at least five connection contacts plus the required voltage inputs are thus required for the basic function of the relay circuit including the optional cross-circuit detection. These connection contacts are no longer available for any required or desired additional functions.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a safety relay circuit with two serially connected in a Freigabestrompfad switching relay and a cross-circuit detection function in which at least one of the switching relay is switched both against positive operating potential and negative operating potential, this scope of functions with a very small number of input contacts to be realized.
  • ballast By connecting both control inputs of the first switching relay with a common terminal contact and provided in one of these voltage paths ballast is enabled to operate the first switching relay by applying a single switching potential.
  • the potential gradient required for operating the switching relay ie the required electrical voltage, is created by inverting the switching potential through the ballast circuit.
  • the driver circuit of the Vorschalt Vietnamesees acts as a current source or sink, and allows the required for the actuation of the switching relay current flow.
  • the driver circuit is preferably formed by an operational amplifier. Alternatively, as a driver circuit but also a simple switching transistor can be used.
  • An inverted switching potential is generally referred to as an electrical potential which has a sign which is opposite to the first switching potential.
  • the inverted switching potential can have a time course which is exactly mirrored with respect to the first switching potential, and thus at any time have the same magnitude as the first switching potential. But this is not mandatory. Rather, the inverted switching potential in the amount and / or the time course may differ from the first switching potential.
  • a positive or negative switching potential can optionally be applied to the (single) input contact connected to the first switching relay, especially since the ballast circuit generates a sufficient potential difference in each case.
  • the pre-circuit comprises, in addition to the driver circuit, a threshold circuit connected upstream of this.
  • a threshold circuit is generally understood to mean an electrical circuit which switches discontinuously between predetermined potential values on the output side when the input potential rises or falls continuously when the input potential exceeds or falls below predetermined threshold values.
  • the threshold circuit is a comparator.
  • the threshold circuit improves the switching precision of the first switching relay due to the discrete switching characteristic. It has expediently, but not necessarily, a switching hysteresis in the manner of a Schmitt trigger.
  • an inverting threshold circuit in combination with a non-inverting driver circuit is provided in the frame circuit.
  • a non-inverting threshold circuit may be provided in combination with an inverting driver.
  • the second switching relay is connected to a control input in an appropriate embodiment of the relay circuit for supplying a second switching potential with a second input contact.
  • the second control input of the second switching relay is - preferably fixed - with a reference potential, in particular ground, connected.
  • the two switching relays are formed together with the ballast circuit as an integrated circuit.
  • the relay circuit can be manufactured and installed as a standard electrical component in mass production. Furthermore, a complex and error-prone manual interconnection and assembly of individual parts is avoided.
  • Fig. 1 shows a (safety) relay circuit 1.
  • the relay circuit 1 comprises a first switching relay 2a and a second switching relay 2b and a first switching relay 2a circuitry zujuen Vorschalt Vietnamese. 4
  • the relay circuit 1 is formed as an integrated circuit (IC) in a standard case 5.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • a housing with eight (input or output) contacts K1 to K8 suffices for the range of functions described below. For any further additional functions not described in detail below, further contacts may be provided.
  • Each of the switching relays 2a, 2b comprises according to conventional design, a magnetic excitation coil 6a and 6b and an electrical switching contact 7a and 7b, which is switchable via one of the excitation coil 6a, 6b associated iron anchor.
  • the switching relays 2a, 2b are connected with their respective switching contact 7a, 7b serially in a Freigabestrompfad 8, which is formed between the (input) contacts K4 and K5.
  • the excitation coil 6a, 6b of each switching relay 2a and 2b respectively comprises two control inputs 9a, 9b and 10a, 10b, via which the excitation coil 6a, 6b can be energized to actuate the associated switching contact 7a, 7b.
  • the control input 9a of the switching relay 2a is connected directly to the (input) contact K3.
  • the control input 10a of the switching relay 2a is also connected to the contact K3.
  • the contact circuit K3 and the control input 10a of the ballast circuit 4 is interposed, wherein the ballast circuit 4 is connected on the one hand directly to the contact K3, and on the other hand directly to the control input 10a.
  • the control input 9b of the switching relay 2b is connected directly to the (input) contact K7.
  • the control input 10a is placed inside the circuit directly to ground potential M.
  • the pre-circuit 4 is formed by a threshold circuit 11 in the form of a Schmitt trigger and by a driver circuit 12 in the form of an operational amplifier.
  • the threshold circuit 11 is on the input side directly to the contact K3, and the output side connected to the input of the driver circuit 12.
  • the driver circuit 12 has its output directly connected to the control input 10a.
  • the remaining contacts K1, K2, K6 and K8 serve as voltage inputs and outputs.
  • the relay circuit 1 is supplied via the (input) contact K2 and K6 intended with an AC voltage U ⁇ or ground potential M. From this the relay circuit 1 generates by rectification a positive switching potential U + and a negative switching potential U- and provides these switching potentials U + and U- via the (output) contacts K1 and K8, respectively.
  • a safety-related circuit 20 with cross-circuit detection is in accordance with Fig. 2 between the contacts K1 and K3 of the relay circuit 1 as intended, a first electrical signal circuit 21 a connected to a first signal generator 22a. Between the contacts K8 and K7 of the relay circuit 1, a second electrical signal circuit 21 b is connected to a second signal generator 22b as intended.
  • the signal generators 22a, 22b are, for example, electrical switches which are actuated by a protective door in its closed position.
  • the protective door secures, for example, the working area of a machine whose motor 23 is supplied via a - here simplified - directly connected to the Freigabestrompfad 8 motor circuit 24.
  • a contactor is actuated in most cases deviating from this via the enable path 8, which then switches the motor circuit 24.
  • the signal generator 22a and 22b are closed in the actuated state, so that when the protective door is properly closed via both signal circuits 21 a, 21 b, a conductive connection between the contacts K1 and K3 or between the contacts K8 and K7 is formed.
  • the potential Ue ⁇ U + is present both at the control input 9a and at the input side of the threshold circuit 11.
  • the threshold circuit 11 inverts this input potential Ue and outputs an inverted (thus negative here) potential Ui to the input of the driver circuit 12.
  • the driver circuit 12 is operated in the illustrated embodiment with a gain of about 1.
  • the driver circuit 12 thus does not actually serve to amplify the potential Ui. Rather, it gives the inverted potential essentially unchanged to the control input 10a. Rather, the main task of the driver circuit 12 is in its effect as a current source or current sink to allow a current flow through the exciter coil 6a.
  • the inverted potential Ui corresponds to the absolute value after the input potential Ue ⁇ U +.
  • a voltage equal to twice the switching potential U + drops across the exciting coil 6a, under the action of which the energizing coil 6a is energized and closes the switching contact 7a.
  • the signal circuits 21 a and 21 b are inadvertently shorted together.
  • a short circuit is formed in this case between the contacts K1 and K8. Due to this cross-circuit 25, the voltage drop across the excitation coils 6a and 6b collapses causing the switching relays 2a and 2b to trip and interrupting the enabling path 8.
  • the cross-circuit detection of the relay circuit 1 is based on the principle of the potential difference between the signal circuits 21 a and 21 b.
  • the relay circuit 1 requires and does not include logic for cross-circuit detection.
  • Fig. 4 shows the relay circuit 2 with an alternative circuit in which both contacts K3 and K7, and thus both excitation coils 6a, 6b are connected to the negative switching potential U-.
  • the threshold circuit 11 and the driver circuit 12 generates under the action of the now negative input potential Ue ⁇ U- again (now positive) inverted potential Ui, which forwards the driver circuit 12 to the control input 10a, so that in turn a twice the switching potential U- corresponding voltage falls over the excitation coil 6a, under the action of the switching relay 2a closes the switching contact 7a.

Claims (5)

  1. Circuit à relais de sécurité (1) comprenant deux relais de commutation (2a, 2b), qui sont montés en série dans un trajet de courant de validation (8), l'un des relais de commutation (2a) étant interconnecté, avec les deux entrées de commande (9a, 10a), à un premier contact d'entrée (K3) prévu pour l'amenée d'un premier potentiel de commutation (U+, U-), caractérisé en ce qu'entre une des entrées de commande (10a) et le premier contact d'entrée (K3), est monté un circuit de commutation primaire (4) comprenant un circuit d'attaque (12), destiné à appliquer à cette entrée de commande (10a), un potentiel (Ui) inversé par rapport au premier potentiel de commutation (U+, U-).
  2. Circuit à relais de sécurité (1) selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel le circuit de commutation primaire (4) comprend un circuit de seuil (11) monté en amont du circuit d'attaque (12).
  3. Circuit à relais de sécurité (1) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2,
    dans lequel le circuit d'attaque (12) est formé par un amplificateur opérationnel.
  4. Circuit à relais de sécurité (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    dans lequel le deuxième relais de commutation (2b) est interconnecté, avec une entrée de commande (9b), à un deuxième contact d'entrée (K7) prévu pour l'amenée d'un deuxième potentiel de commutation (U-), et, avec la deuxième entrée de commande (10b), de manière fixe, à un potentiel de référence (M).
  5. Circuit à relais de sécurité (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    dans lequel les deux relais de commutation (2a, 2b) sont réalisés, en commun avec le circuit de commutation primaire (4), sous forme de circuit intégré.
EP20100015412 2009-12-18 2010-12-08 Circuit à relais de sécurité Active EP2337054B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202009017318 2009-12-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2337054A2 EP2337054A2 (fr) 2011-06-22
EP2337054A3 EP2337054A3 (fr) 2012-12-26
EP2337054B1 true EP2337054B1 (fr) 2013-10-02

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EP20100015412 Active EP2337054B1 (fr) 2009-12-18 2010-12-08 Circuit à relais de sécurité

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EP (1) EP2337054B1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3838449A1 (de) * 1988-11-12 1989-04-13 Uwe Zimmermann Einklemmschutzvorrichtung
DE10360199A1 (de) * 2003-12-20 2005-07-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Abgesicherte Steuervorrichtung
DE102005055325C5 (de) * 2005-11-11 2013-08-08 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung zum fehlersicheren Abschalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers

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Publication number Publication date
EP2337054A2 (fr) 2011-06-22
EP2337054A3 (fr) 2012-12-26

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