EP2335315B1 - Antenne pourvue d un élément de commutation contrôlable reliant deux parties d antenne - Google Patents

Antenne pourvue d un élément de commutation contrôlable reliant deux parties d antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2335315B1
EP2335315B1 EP09740961.9A EP09740961A EP2335315B1 EP 2335315 B1 EP2335315 B1 EP 2335315B1 EP 09740961 A EP09740961 A EP 09740961A EP 2335315 B1 EP2335315 B1 EP 2335315B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna circuit
switching element
controllable switching
circuit
Prior art date
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Application number
EP09740961.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2335315A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Michelitsch
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NXP BV
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NXP BV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of antenna circuits, which are used in particular for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices. Specifically, the present invention related to an adaptive antenna circuit, which comprises an adjustable quality factor. Further, the present invention relates to a RFID reader system, which comprises a RFID reader module and an antenna circuit as described above. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for adjusting the quality factor of an antenna circuit as described above.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • the antenna in particular of the RFID reader has to be adjusted with respect to its quality factor. If one desires an efficient energy transport between the RFID reader and the RFID tag, a high quality factor needed. Such an efficient energy transport is required for instance if the RFID tag and the RFIC reader are located comparatively far away from each other. If one desires a large bandwidth for the radio transmission between the RFID reader and the RFID tag, a small quality factor is needed. A large bandwidth is required for instance if the amount of data is large, which has to be transmitted from and/or which has to be received by the RFID reader.
  • US6400274 describes a RFID tag using high-performance mobile power antennas instead of battery powered tags.
  • WO 2007 030 864 A1 describes an optimization of a quality factor (Q factor) of a RFID antenna.
  • Q factor quality factor
  • a relatively high Q factor is needed for a high efficient energy transfer.
  • a relatively low Q factor is demanded when targeting high bandwidth requirements.
  • the described Q-factor optimizing takes place by means of switching capacitors and / or inductors to and/or from the circuit of the RFID antenna.
  • EP 1 739 452 A2 describes an RFID tag having an antenna and a resonant capacitor.
  • a MOSFET is provided for disconnecting the resonant capacitor from the antenna.
  • US 5,815,355 describes an adjustment of the Q factor of an antenna of a RFID device.
  • the Q factor adjustment is carried out by applying a further load transistor in parallel to a shunt transistor between the two terminals of the RFID antenna circuit.
  • the further load transistor is used to vary the Q factor of a tank circuit depending on data read from the memory.
  • an antenna circuit in particular a loop antenna circuit for a Radio Frequency Identification reader module.
  • the provided antenna circuit comprises (a) a first antenna portion comprising a first contact node for connecting the first antenna portion to the Radio Frequency Identification reader module, (b) a second antenna portion comprising a second contact node for connecting the second antenna portion to the Radio Frequency Identification reader module, and (c) a controllable switching element, which connects the first antenna portion to the second antenna portion.
  • the controllable switching element is adapted to change the ohmic resistance between the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion as a function of a control signal, which is applied to the controllable switching element.
  • This first aspect of the present invention is based on the idea that the quality factor of an antenna coil which comprises the first and the second antenna portion can easily be adjusted simply by applying an appropriate control signal to the controllable switching element. Thereby, an appropriate ohmic resistance, which can be seen as a damping element within the antenna circuit, can be selected for connecting the first and the second antenna portion with each other.
  • the bandwidth of the antenna circuit for instance for increasing the maximal data volume which can be transmitted and/or received by the antenna circuit.
  • the quality factor which is often also called Q-factor or coil Q-factor, must be decreased. This requires an increase of the ohmic resistance of the controllable switching element connecting the first and the second antenna portion.
  • controllable switching element is adapted to change its ohmic resistance in a continuous manner. This may provide the advantage that any arbitrary value for the ohmic resistance can be adjusted.
  • the antenna circuit comprises a symmetric layout, wherein, when operating the antenna circuit in a symmetrical manner, a virtual electrical ground point is formed at the intersection between the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion.
  • the described symmetric layout allows the antenna circuit to be operated in an in particular interference-insusceptible manner.
  • the antenna voltage has a voltage level of at least approximately zero Volts.
  • the virtual electrical ground point is insusceptible against putting the antenna circuit out of tune.
  • the described symmetric antenna circuit can be realized for instance by splitting a usual loop antenna at the centre point and inserting the controllable switching element in between the two antenna portions, which result from the splitting procedure.
  • control signal is a voltage signal. This may provide the advantage that the ohmic resistance of the controllable switching element can be adjusted in a simple and effective manner.
  • the ohmic resistance of the controllable switching element is adjustable within a resistor range between zero Ohm and infinite Ohm.
  • the described antenna circuit comprises two separate antenna element, which may be operated independent from each other.
  • controllable switching element comprises a semiconductor device.
  • the semiconductor device can be a transistor.
  • a control signal which is applied to the base of the transistor, can modify the current, which in response to a potential difference across the transistor, flows through the transistor.
  • the transistor when the transistor is located at or at least close to the above described virtual electrical ground point, the voltage between the transistor source terminal and the transistor drain terminal will be small such that the transistor is operated in a non saturated regime with respect to its ohmic behaviour.
  • the transistor will act as an ohmic resistor, wherein the resistor value can be adjusted in a controllable manner.
  • controllable switching element is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide-semiconductor
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • the antenna circuit further comprises a filter circuit, which is connected to the controllable switching element and which is adapted to provide the control signal to the controllable switching element.
  • a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader system comprises (a) a Radio Frequency Identification reader module and (b) an antenna circuit as described above. Thereby, the antenna circuit is electrically connected to the RFID reader module.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • this further aspect of the invention is based on the idea that the quality factor of an antenna coil, which comprises the first and the second antenna portion, can easily be adjusted simply by applying an appropriate control signal to the controllable switching element. Thereby, an appropriate ohmic resistance, which can be seen as a damping element within the antenna circuit, can be selected for connecting the first and the second antenna portion with each other.
  • a method for adjusting the quality factor of an antenna circuit comprises (a) applying a control signal to a controllable switching element, which is connected between a first antenna portion of the antenna circuit and a second antenna portion of the antenna circuit, wherein the controllable switching element is adapted to change the ohmic resistance between the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion as a function of the control signal, and (b) adjusting the quality factor of the antenna circuit by selecting an appropriate strength for the control signal.
  • this further aspect of the invention is based on the idea that the quality factor of the antenna circuit can be adjusted by applying an appropriate control signal to the controllable switching element.
  • an appropriate ohmic resistance which can be seen as a damping element within the antenna circuit, can be selected for connecting the first and the second antenna portion with each other.
  • FIG 1 shows a schematic illustration of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader system 100.
  • the RFID reader system 100 comprises an antenna circuit 120 and a RFID reader module 140.
  • the RFID reader module 140 is a standard module. Since such modules are widely known in the field of RFID technology, for the sake of conciseness of this application hereinafter the configuration of the RFID reader module 140 will not be described in detail.
  • the antenna circuit 120 comprises two antenna portions, a first antenna portion 121 and a second antenna portion 122.
  • a controllable switching element 130 connects the two antenna portions 121 and 122 with each other.
  • the antenna circuit 120 comprises a first contact node 121a being assigned to the first antenna portion 121 and a second contact node 122a being assigned to the second antenna portion 122.
  • controllable switching element is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) 130.
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • the gate of the MOSFET 130 is connected to a control node 130a.
  • the antenna circuit 120 comprises a symmetric design, which is split by the controllable switching element 130. Further, the RFID reader module 140 operates the antenna circuit 120 in a symmetric mode, such that between the two antenna portions 121 and 122 a virtual electrical ground point 125 develops. As can be further seen from Figure 1 , the controllable switching element 130 is located directly next to the virtual electrical ground point 125.
  • the described symmetric operation mode and the resulting development of the virtual electrical ground point 125 can be realized both in the transmitting case, wherein the antenna circuit 120 transmits radio signals in particular to one or more RFID tags, and in the receiving case, wherein the antenna circuit 120 picks up radio signals in particular from one or more RFID tags.
  • the virtual electrical ground point 125 When operating the antenna circuit 120 in the described symmetric mode, the virtual electrical ground point 125 has an electric potential of zero Volts. Further, the virtual electrical ground point 125 is insensitive against putting the antenna circuit 120 out of tune.
  • the source-drain voltage of the MOSFET 130 will also be very small in case the symmetric antenna circuit 120 is operated in a symmetric mode. Therefore, the MOSFET 130 will be operated in a non saturated regime with respect to its ohmic behaviour. Hence, the MOSFET 130 will act as an ohmic resistor between the two antenna portions 121 and 122, wherein the resistor value can be adjusted in a controllable manner by applying an appropriate voltage signal to the control node 130a. This voltage signal may be the gate-source voltage of the MOSFET 130.
  • the ohmic resistor can take in a continuous manner any value within a wide ohmic range.
  • the ohmic range is between zero Ohm and infinite Ohm.
  • the resistor value of the ohmic resistor respectively of the MOSFET 130 is directly related to the quality factor (Q-factor) of the antenna circuit 120. Therefore, the described antenna circuit 120 represents an adaptive antenna circuit.
  • the quality factor must be decreased. This requires an increase of the ohmic resistance of the MOSFET 130.
  • the bandwidth of the antenna circuit 120 has to reduced in particular in order to increase the transmitting power in the transmitting case and/or to increase the sensitivity of the antenna circuit 120 in the receiving case, the quality factor will have to be increased. This requires a decrease of the ohmic resistance of the MOSFET 130.
  • Figure 2 shows simulation of the RFID reader system 100, which is now denominated with reference numeral 200.
  • the simulation was carried out with the electronic design software program OrCAD, which is a proprietary software tool suite used primarily for electronic design automation.
  • OrCAD is a proprietary software tool suite used primarily for electronic design automation.
  • the illustrated simulation refers to the transmitting case, wherein the RFID reader system 200 transmits radio signals to an RFID tag. However, it has been approved by the inventor that the depicted design of the RFID reader system 200 works also for the receiving case, wherein the RFID reader system 200 receives radio signals from at least one RFID tag.
  • the RFID reader system 200 comprises an antenna circuit 220, a RFID reader module 240 and a filter circuit 260.
  • the antenna circuit 220 comprises first antenna portion 221 having a first contact node 221a, a second antenna portion 222 having a second contact node 222a and a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) 230 connecting the first antenna portion 221 and the second antenna portion 222 with each other at a virtual electrical ground point 230.
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • the filter circuit 260 comprises voltage generator 262 connected to the virtual electrical ground point 225 and to the control node 230a via an electrical ladder structure comprising four resistors R11, R12, R13 and R14 and one capacitance C11. As can be seen from Figure 2 , the negative output of the voltage generator 262 is connected to ground GND.
  • a capacitance C0 represents the parasitic capacitance of antenna loop comprising the two antenna portions 221, 222.
  • C0' represents a capacitance used for matching the antenna circuit 220 to the output of the RFID reader module 240.
  • a first matching capacitor C1 being assigned to the first antenna portion 221 and a second matching capacitor C2 being assigned to the second antenna portion 222 have been used for the OrCAD simulation procedure.
  • An inductance L1 represents the parasitic inductivity of the first antenna portion 221.
  • a resistor R1 represents the parasitic ohmic resistance of the first antenna portion 221.
  • an inductance L2 represents the parasitic inductivity of the second antenna portion 222 and a resistor R2 represents the parasitic ohmic resistance of the second antenna portion 222.
  • the RFID reader module has been simulated with a signal generator 242, wherein one output of the signal generator 242 is connected to ground GND and to the second contact node 222a.
  • the other output of the signal generator 242 is connected to the first contact node 221a via an adjustment resistor R0.
  • the adjustment resistor R0 has a resistor value of 50 Ohm.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Circuit d'antenne, en particulier un circuit d'antenne cadre (120), pour module lecteur d'identification par radiofréquences (140), le circuit d'antenne (120) comprenant :
    une première partie d'antenne (121) comprenant un premier noeud de contact (121a) pour connecter la première partie d'antenne (121) au module lecteur d'identification par radiofréquences (140),
    une seconde partie d'antenne (122) comprenant un second noeud de contact (122a) pour connecter la seconde partie d'antenne (122) au module lecteur d'identification par radiofréquences (140), le circuit d'antenne étant caractérisé par un élément de commutation contrôlable (130) ayant une résistance ohmique modifiable, lequel connecte la première partie d'antenne (121) à la seconde partie d'antenne (122), dans lequel l'élément de commutation contrôlable (130) est adapté pour changer sa résistance ohmique en fonction d'un signal de commande, lequel est appliqué à l'élément de commutation contrôlable (130),
    dans lequel l'élément de commutation contrôlable comprend un dispositif semi-conducteur (130) qui est un transistor à effet de champ à semi-conducteur à oxyde métallique (130).
  2. Circuit d'antenne selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel
    l'élément de commutation contrôlable (130) est adapté pour changer sa résistance ohmique de manière continue.
  3. Circuit d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le circuit d'antenne (120) comprend un agencement symétrique, dans lequel, quand le circuit d'antenne (120) est exploité de manière symétrique, un point virtuel de masse électrique (125) est formé à l'intersection entre la première partie d'antenne (121) et la seconde partie d'antenne (122).
  4. Circuit d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le signal de commande est un signal de tension.
  5. Circuit d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la résistance ohmique de l'élément de commutation contrôlable (130) est réglable dans une plage de résistances entre zéro ohm et l'infini.
  6. Circuit d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un circuit de filtre (260), lequel est connecté à l'élément de commutation contrôlable (130, 230) et qui est adapté pour fournir le signal de commande à l'élément de commutation contrôlable (130, 230).
  7. Système de lecteur d'identification par radiofréquences (100) comprenant :
    un module lecteur d'identification par radiofréquences (140) et
    un circuit d'antenne (120) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le circuit d'antenne (120) est connecté électriquement au module lecteur d'identification par radiofréquences (140).
  8. Procédé de réglage du facteur de qualité d'un circuit d'antenne (120), le procédé étant caractérisé par
    l'application d'un signal de commande à un élément de commutation contrôlable (130) ayant une résistance ohmique modifiable et connectant une première partie d'antenne (121) du circuit d'antenne (120) et une seconde partie d'antenne (122) du circuit d'antenne (120), dans lequel l'élément de commutation contrôlable (130) est adapté pour changer sa résistance ohmique en fonction du signal de commande, et
    le réglage du facteur de qualité du circuit d'antenne (120) en sélectionnant une force appropriée du signal de commande,
    dans lequel l'élément de commutation contrôlable comprend un dispositif semi-conducteur (130) qui est un transistor à effet de champ à semi-conducteur à oxyde métallique (130).
EP09740961.9A 2008-10-09 2009-10-05 Antenne pourvue d un élément de commutation contrôlable reliant deux parties d antenne Active EP2335315B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09740961.9A EP2335315B1 (fr) 2008-10-09 2009-10-05 Antenne pourvue d un élément de commutation contrôlable reliant deux parties d antenne

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08105537 2008-10-09
EP09740961.9A EP2335315B1 (fr) 2008-10-09 2009-10-05 Antenne pourvue d un élément de commutation contrôlable reliant deux parties d antenne
PCT/IB2009/054342 WO2010041189A1 (fr) 2008-10-09 2009-10-05 Antenne pourvue d’un élément de commutation contrôlable reliant deux parties d’antenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2335315A1 EP2335315A1 (fr) 2011-06-22
EP2335315B1 true EP2335315B1 (fr) 2016-09-07

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EP09740961.9A Active EP2335315B1 (fr) 2008-10-09 2009-10-05 Antenne pourvue d un élément de commutation contrôlable reliant deux parties d antenne

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EP (1) EP2335315B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102177612A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010041189A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9225381B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2015-12-29 Intel Deutschland Gmbh Tunable quality factor

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB588044A (en) * 1944-10-31 1947-05-13 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in aerial arrays
JPH0962816A (ja) * 1994-10-06 1997-03-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 非接触ｉｃカードおよびこれを含む非接触ｉｃカードシステム
US6400274B1 (en) * 1995-08-31 2002-06-04 Intermec Ip Corp. High-performance mobile power antennas
CN101150221A (zh) * 2007-10-17 2008-03-26 公安部第一研究所 一种本式电子证件读写设备的天线

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EP2335315A1 (fr) 2011-06-22
CN102177612A (zh) 2011-09-07
WO2010041189A1 (fr) 2010-04-15

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