Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
  • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
  • F42C15/40—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically
  • F42C15/42—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically from a remote location, e.g. for controlled mines or mine fields
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
  • F42B3/22—Elements for controlling or guiding the detonation wave, e.g. tubes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
  • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
  • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
  • F42C15/36—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein arming is effected by combustion or fusion of an element; Arming methods using temperature gradients
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
  • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
  • F42C15/44—Arrangements for disarming, or for rendering harmless, fuzes after arming, e.g. after launch

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an explosive part, intended to form part of an explosive device for combating different targets and combat situations, which explosive part comprises at least two tubular explosive charges comprising an explosive: an inner explosive charge with diameter di and an outer explosive charge with diameter d y , which two explosive charges are arranged coaxially along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces, the explosive charges being separated from each other with at least two insulating layers : an outer insulating layer with layer thickness t y arranged on the outer explosive charge, an inner insulating layer with layer thickness ti arranged on the inner explosive charge, and an air gap with thickness t s between the two insulating layers.
• Modern guidable, so-called intelligent active ammunition is used to combat, with high precision, different types of targets, at the same time as every effort is made to avoid injury to own troops and civilians.
• Another desirable characteristic is the facility to be able to abort an attack, due to altered conditions, by sending signals to an explosive device en route to a target so as to disable the explosive part before it reaches the target. If the explosive part detonates at full force, there is a risk of dangerous fragments being dispersed into the environment. If the explosive part is steered away without detonating, then dangerous explosive parts are dispersed into the environment. It is therefore desirable to be able to destroy the explosive part without it detonating at full force. In certain contexts, it is also of interest to be able to realize a number of different action functions, such as effect in different directions, for example in respect of rotary explosive devices. Rotary explosive devices in which activation is realized via sensors sometimes induce the effect in more directions than is intended, which can result in civil material and civilians being harmed.
• mission abort can mean that high- velocity fragments are dispersed into the environment.
• Explosive devices having a number of different action functions normally have a detonator for each action function, which makes the explosive devices complicated and expensive.
• the main object of the present invention is to solve this problem.
• the present invention aims also to solve this problem.
• the object of the present invention is also to solve these problems .
• the objects, and other aims which are not listed here, are satisfactorily met within the scope of that which is defined in the present independent patent claims .
• an explosive part which is intended to form part of an explosive device for combating different targets and combat situations, which explosive part comprises at least two tubular explosive charges comprising an explosive: an inner explosive charge with diameter di and an outer explosive charge with diameter d y , which two explosive charges are arranged coaxially along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces, the explosive charges being separated from each other with at least two insulating layers: an outer insulating layer with layer thickness t y arranged on the outer explosive charge, an inner insulating layer with layer thickness ti arranged on the inner explosive charge, and an air gap with thickness t s between the two insulating layers.
• the explosive part also comprises two initiation devices arranged on each end face with connections to the inner explosive charge, the two initiation devices being arranged for optional initiation of the inner explosive charge, with or without an ignition delay ⁇ t, and that the diameter di for the inner explosive charge, materials and layer thicknesses ti, t y for the two insulating layers, and the thickness t s for the air gap are chosen such that two colliding detonation fronts at a position Z along the common centre axis A-A are required in order for the initiation to lead to detonation of the outer explosive charge.
• the diameter d x for the inner explosive charge lies within the range 15-25 mm
• the thickness t y for the outer insulating layer lies within the range 2-4 mm
• the thickness ti for the inner insulating layer lies within the range 2-4 mm
• the thickness t s of the air gap lies within the range 5-9 mm
• the material in the outer insulating layer is constituted by copper
• the material in the inner insulating layer is constituted by plastic
• the diameter d y for the outer explosive charge is 120 mm
• the position Z along the centre axis A-A for the two colliding detonation fronts are selectable through the choice of time delay ⁇ t
• the choice of the position Z allows the choice of at least one action function for the explosive charge
• the explosive part comprises an explosive casing comprising a plurality of fragment- forming elements of different sizes, the fragment-forming elements being arranged such that the size is decreasing between the two end faces for the attainment of a plurality of action functions
• an explosive device for different targets comprising at least three explosive parts having different action functions according to any one of patent claims 1-4, which explosive parts are arranged one after the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces, the explosive parts being separated from each other with intervening detonation barriers for preventing flashover ignition between the explosive parts.
• the explosive device is characterized, inter alia, in that the inner explosive charges of the explosive parts have been replaced with a common inner explosive charge, which common inner explosive charge is arranged axially through the explosive parts via the intervening detonation barriers, so that one or more explosive parts are optionally detonable through the choice of an initiation position Z along the common centre axis A-A, corresponding to the position for any one of the explosive parts .
• the inner explosive charges of the explosive parts have been replaced with a common inner explosive charge, which common inner explosive charge is arranged axially through the explosive parts via the intervening detonation barriers, so that one or more of the explosive parts are optionally detonable through the choice of an initiation position Z along the common centre axis A-A, corresponding to the position for any one of the explosive parts, the at least three explosive parts comprise fragment-forming elements of different size and guantity for the attainment of different action functions, in dependence on the choice of initiation position Z, the outer explosive charge, in at least one of the explosive parts, is arranged with directed explosive effect for the attainment of detonation of at least one of the adjoining explosive parts through penetration of at least one of the intervening detonation barriers, the directed explosive effect is arranged by virtue of the fact that the outer explosive charge comprises a conical end face part and that the conical end face part comprises at least one metal inlay for enhanced penetrative effect, fragment-forming elements are arranged on defined regions
• an ammunition unit having different action functions for combating different targets and situations, characterized in that the ammunition unit comprises an explosive device as described above.
• a method comprising at least two tubular explosive charges: an inner explosive charge with diameter d ⁇ and an outer explosive charge with diameter d y for combating different targets and combat situations, which two explosive charges are arranged coaxially along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces, the explosive charges being separated with at least two insulating layers : an outer insulating layer with layer thickness t y , which is arranged on the outer explosive charge, and an inner insulating layer with layer thickness ti, which is arranged on the inner explosive charge, as well as an air gap with thickness t s between the two insulating layers.
• the method is characterized, inter alia, in that two initiation devices are also provided, one on each end face of the explosive part, the two initiation devices being electrically connected to the two initiation devices, and in that the two initiation devices are arranged for optional initiation of the inner explosive charge, with or without an ignition delay ⁇ t, and in that the diameter di for the inner explosive charge, materials and layer thicknesses tj . , t y for the two insulating layers, and the thickness t s for the air gap, are arranged such that two colliding detonation fronts at a position Z along the common centre axis A-A are required in order for the initiation to lead to detonation of the outer explosive charge.
• the method is further characterized: in that the diameter di for the inner explosive charge is chosen within the range 15-25 mm, in that the thickness t y for the outer insulating layer is chosen within the range 2-4 mm, in that the thickness ti for the inner insulating layer is chosen within the range 2-4 mm, and in that the thickness t s of the air gap is chosen within the range 5-9 mm.
• Cost-effective construction as a result of only two initiation devices being required in order to initiate a plurality of charge devices.
• Figure 1 shows an axial section of an explosive part comprising an inner and an outer explosive charge, arranged coaxially along a common centre axis A-A, in which the position Z for initiation can be freely chosen along the centre axis A-A,
• Figure 2 shows an axial section of an explosive device comprising three explosive parts according to Figure 1 arranged one after the other, in which the explosive parts are configured with different action functions, which action functions can be freely chosen through the choice of initiation position Z along the centre axis A-A,
• Figure 3 shows an axial section of an explosive device according to Figure 2, in which one of the explosive parts is configured with directed explosive function,
• Figure 4 shows an axial section of an explosive device according to Figure 2, in which the explosive parts are arranged for three different radial action directions X, Y, V,
• FIGs 5, 6 and 7 show cross sections of the various explosive parts in Figure 4,
• Figure 8 shows an axial section of an alternative embodiment of an explosive part according to Figure 1, arranged with three action sections I, II, III for three different action directions X, Y, V, detonation barriers being arranged between the inner and the outer explosive charge
• Figures 9, 10 and 11 show cross sections of the various action sections I, II, III in Figure 8
• Figure 12 shows an explosive device, arranged in an ammunition unit.
• Figure 1 shows an explosive part 1 according to the invention.
• the explosive part 1 comprises an inner and an outer explosive charge 2, 3, each comprising an explosive.
• the explosive charges 2, 3 are arranged coaxially along a common longitudinal axis A-A.
• the explosive part 1 comprises an outer, preferably cylindrical explosive casing 4, and two end walls 5 fixedly fitted to the explosive casing 4.
• the metal balls can also comprise material other than heavy metal, such as ceramic or plastic composite material, the object being that the metal balls will be fragmented into smaller fragments and will thus limit the range of the fragmentation .
• the fragment-forming elements 6 can also be cubic or cylindrical in shape.
• the fragment-forming elements 6 can be arranged directly in the explosive casing 4, for example by casting or moulding, or in separate action layers arranged on the explosive casing 4 (not shown) .
• the inner explosive charge 2, preferably configured as a string with circular cross section, is arranged along the centre axis A-A of the explosive part 1, between the two end walls 5.
• initiation devices 7, which can be constituted by detonators, for initiating the inner explosive charge 2.
• the outer explosive charge 3, which is preferably cylindrical, is fixedly mounted between the two end walls 5 of the explosive part 1.
• the inner and outer explosive charges 2, 3 are separated, firstly with an outer insulating layer 8 arranged on the inner limit face of the outer explosive charge 3, and secondly with an inner insulating layer 9 arranged on the outer limit face of the inner explosive charge 2, the two insulating layers 8, 9 being separated with an air gap 10.
• the inner and the outer explosive charge 2, 3, the two insulating layers 8, 9 and the air gap 10 are dimensioned such that, upon initiation of one end face end 5 of the explosive charge 2, a detonation front is formed, the energy of which is sufficient to detonate the outer explosive charge 3.
• the result is that the outer explosive charge 3 is initiated without detonation occurring. Instead, a deflagrative combustion takes place, in which the outer explosive charge 3 is destroyed and ejected from the explosive part 1.
• This means, in turn, that the fragment-forming elements 6 are ejected from the explosive part 1 without causing damage to the environment.
• explosive effect is meant the pressure effect which is formed upon detonation of the outer explosive charge 3, in combination with the fragmentation from the fragment- forming elements 6.
• an initiation energy equivalent to two colliding detonation fronts is required. This is achieved by the two end face ends of the explosive charge 2 being initiated with the two initiation devices 7, simultaneously or with a time difference ⁇ t.
• the two formed detonation fronts move towards each other along the common centre axis A-A of the explosive part 1 and collide at a set position Z.
• the position Z is determined by the time difference ⁇ t, the length L for the inner explosive charge 2, and by the detonation velocity d of the explosive, according to the relationship:
• position Z it is possible to vary the action function of the explosive part 1, firstly by arranging fragment-forming elements 6 of different sizes in the explosive casing 4, and secondly by configuring the explosive casing 4 with different shapes, such as convex, concave or flat shape, or combinations thereof.
• a convex shape gives wider fragment distribution than a flat or concave shape.
• the best result for attaining detonation in the outer explosive charge 3 with the said method has been gained with explosive parts 1 in which the calibre is 120 mm, in which the inner explosive charge 2 has a diameter di of 20 mm, in which the outer insulating layer 8 comprises copper and has a layer thickness d y of 3 mm, in which the inner insulating layer 9 comprises plastic and has a layer thickness di of 3 mm, and in which the thickness t s of the air gap 10 is 7 mm.
• Suitable explosives include dynamite, trinitrotoluene (TNT) , octogen (HMX) , or cyclonite (RDX) , Other combinations of explosives are also possible.
• the damping insulating layer is preferably constituted by a plastic having a layer thickness within the range 2-4 mm.
• Figures 2-7 show explosive devices 11, 20, 30 comprising a plurality of explosive parts 12, 13, 14.
• the explosive parts 12, 13, 14 are arranged one after the other along the common centre axis A-A.
• Each explosive part 12, 13, 14 is arranged to achieve different action functions, for example: powerful fragmentation, no fragmentation or different action direction.
• one or more explosive parts 12, 13, 14 can be detonated, at the same time as other explosive parts are destroyed by deflagration.
• Figure 2 shows an explosive device 11 comprising three serially connected explosive parts 12, 13, 14.
• the three explosive parts 12, 13, 14 are arranged for different action functions and are kept separate with intervening detonation barriers 15 to prevent flashover ignition.
• the explosive parts 12, 13, 14 comprise a common inner explosive charge 16, which is arranged axially along the centre axis A-A and extends through the explosive parts 12, 13, 14.
• position Z for the two colliding detonation fronts, of any of the explosive parts 12, 13, 14, for example the positions Zl, Z2 or Z3, different action functions can be achieved.
• the action functions for the different explosive parts 12, 13, 14 differ by the fact that the number and size of the metal balls 6 in the explosive casing 4 of the explosive parts 21, 22, 23 are different .
• the explosive casing 4 of the first explosive part 12 comprises two bearings, arranged one upon the other, having small metal balls 6, whilst that of the second explosive part 13 comprises a single bearing having large metal balls 6, and that of the third explosive part 23 comprises a single bearing having small metal balls 6.
• the choice of position Zl means that the explosive part 12 detonates, at the same time as the other two explosive parts 13, 14 are destroyed by deflagration. The result is an action function having a large number of small fragments of low velocity.
• the choice of position Z2 means that the explosive part 13 detonates, at the same time as the other two explosive parts 12, 14 deflagrate. The result is an action function having a smaller number of larger fragments with low velocity.
• the choice of position Z3 means that the explosive part 14 detonates, at the same time as the other two explosive parts 12, 13 are destroyed. The result is an action function having fewer small fragments 6 with high velocity.
• FIG 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the explosive device 20 in Figure 2, in which the end faces 16 of the centremost explosive part 13 are configured for directed explosive effect (RSV) function.
• the end faces 16 are preferably arranged with metal inlays 17 for enhanced RSV.
• Initiation of the centremost explosive part 13 means that two oppositely directed RSV beams are formed, the RSV beams penetrating the intervening detonation barriers 15 such that detonation of the two adjoining explosive parts 12, 14 is enabled.
• only one of the two end faces 16 is configured for RSV function, which means that only one of the two adjoining explosive parts can be detonated.
• RSV function By applying the principle involving RSV function to explosive devices having more than two explosive parts 12, 13, 14, it is possible to increase the number of combination options.
• the explosive device 30 in Figures 4-7 constitutes a variant of the explosive device 20 in Figure 2 and is arranged for different action directions X, Y and V.
• the different action directions X, Y and V are achieved by the fact that on each explosive casing 4 there are arranged fragment-forming elements 6 on delimited regions 34, 35, 36, instead of on the whole of the explosive casing 4.
• the perpendicular to each such delimited region 34, 35, 36 corresponds to the action directions X, Y and Z of the explosive parts 31, 32, 33.
• the delimited regions 34, 35, 36 are preferably flat square or rectangular areas 34, 35, 36 with length 1 and width B, in which 1 is less than or equal to the length L of the explosive parts 31, 32, 33, and B is less than or equal to 2/3 of the diameter D of the explosive parts 31, 32, 33.
• the delimited regions 34, 35, 36 can have different configuration, for example a flat circular shape where a circular form of effect is sought, or a convex shape for convex effect distribution, or a concave shape for concave effect distribution. Combinations of the above may also be of interest .
• the action direction X, Y and V of the explosive device 30 is determined by which of the explosive parts 12, 13, 14 detonates, Figures 5 to 7.
• the fragment dispersion from the explosive parts 12, 13, 14 is determined by the shape and size of the action layers 31, 32, 33.
• one or more of the action layers 31, 32, 33 is/are configured for enhanced RSV.
• Figures 8-11 further show an explosive device 40 arranged for different action directions X, Y and Z .
• the explosive device 40 in Figure 8, is divided into three action sections I, II, III, in which action section I is arranged for action direction X, action section II for action direction Y, and action section III for action direction Z.
• the inner and outer explosive charges 9, 8 of the explosive device 40 are here common to the three action sections I, II, III.
• three inner detonation barriers 41 are included, arranged axially one after the other in the air gap 10, between the outer and inner insulating layer 8, 9.
• the length L of the detonation barriers 41 corresponds to the length of the respective action section I, II, III.
• the outer explosive charge 3 is divided into three equal-sized charge segments 42.
• the slots 43 constitute well defined openings 43 between the inner explosive charge 2 and the three charge segments 42.
• the detonation barriers 41 in Figures 9 to 11 are arranged so that only one of the three charge segments 42 can be detonated. Furthermore, each charge segment
• the 42 comprises an outer action layer 44 having fragment- forming elements 6, such as metal balls.
• the action layers 44 with fragment-forming elements 6 are preferably constituted by flat square or rectangular areas 44, the perpendiculars X, Y and Z of which correspond to the different action directions of the charge segments 42.
• the action directions X, Y and Z out from the explosive device 40 are mutually different.
• the three charge segments 42 are separated from one another with three detonation walls 45, which are arranged to prevent flashover ignition between the charge segments 42.
• the detonation walls 42 extend radially out from the outer insulating layer 8 and axially along the centre axis A-A between the end faces 5 of the explosive charge 40.
• Initiation of the explosive charge 2 at a position Z corresponding to any one of the action sections I, II, III means that one of the two charge segments 42 will detonate, whilst the other two charge segments 42 deflagrate. Which charge segment 42 detonates depends on that orientation of the slot 43 in which the two detonation fronts collide along the centre axis A-A.
• the fragment dispersion is determined by the shape, length L and width B of the respective action layer 44. Different action directions X, Y, V and fragment dispersion can therefore be chosen through the choice of position Z.
• Initiation at a position Z corresponding to the action section I means detonation of charge segments 42 with the action direction X, at the same time as other charge segments 42 are destroyed by deflagration.
• Initiation at a position Z corresponding to the action section II means detonation of charge segments 42 with action direction Y, at the same time as other charge segments 42 are destroyed.
• Initiation at a position Z corresponding to the action section III means detonation of charge segments 42 with action direction V, at the same time as the other charge segments 42 are destroyed.
• FIG. 12 shows an ammunition unit 50 comprising an explosive part 1 according to Figure 1 for combating of different targets and situations.
• the ammunition unit 50 can comprise any one of the previously described explosive devices 11, 20, 30, 40.
• the explosive casing 4 of the ammunition unit 50 is convexly shaped and comprises metal balls as the fragment-forming elements 6.
• Other configuration of the explosive casing is possible, as are different types of fragment-forming elements 6, of different size and material content.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
• Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
• Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-09-09 SE SE0801932A patent/SE533045C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2009
  • 2009-08-18 US US13/060,962 patent/US20110203475A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-08-18 EP EP09813300A patent/EP2335012A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-08-18 WO PCT/SE2009/000382 patent/WO2010030217A1/en active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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