EP2334977A1 - Dispositif comportant une cavite sous vide, senseur, capteur et procede de fabrication correspondants - Google Patents
Dispositif comportant une cavite sous vide, senseur, capteur et procede de fabrication correspondantsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2334977A1 EP2334977A1 EP09793951A EP09793951A EP2334977A1 EP 2334977 A1 EP2334977 A1 EP 2334977A1 EP 09793951 A EP09793951 A EP 09793951A EP 09793951 A EP09793951 A EP 09793951A EP 2334977 A1 EP2334977 A1 EP 2334977A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- purifier
- impurities
- area
- developed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
- G01J5/041—Mountings in enclosures or in a particular environment
- G01J5/045—Sealings; Vacuum enclosures; Encapsulated packages; Wafer bonding structures; Getter arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W76/00—Containers; Fillings or auxiliary members therefor; Seals
- H10W76/40—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers, e.g. centering rings
- H10W76/42—Fillings
- H10W76/48—Fillings including materials for absorbing or reacting with moisture or other undesired substances
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device comprising a vacuum cavity having an internal surface.
- sensors 100 are known, for example vibrating sensors, and optical sensors 200, for example infrared sensors, comprising a device 2, visible in more detail. in Figure 2, having a cavity 20 under vacuum.
- the cavity 20 comprises impurities 11, even in gaseous form, the latter contribute to a rise in pressure of the system altering the performance of the sensors. It is found that the effect of impurities is very quickly harmful and greatly deteriorates the life of the sensors or sensors.
- the devices 2 used in the sensors or the sensors generally have a cavity 20 of small volume (of the order of a few cm 3 ), and the vacuum is pushed, namely of the order of 10 "6 mbar
- the impact of the pollution is therefore all the more important as the vacuum is pushed, because the lesser impurity 11 then represents a relatively large pollution.
- the devices 2 thus tolerate only a few tens of parts per million (ppm) mbar (partial pressure) of impurities in the gaseous state within the cavity.
- ppm parts per million
- mbar partial pressure
- FIG. 2 shows that a known solution consists in placing a pumpor 30 of impurities in the cavity 20 (also known as a "getter” by those skilled in the art) absorbing impurities.
- the pomp 30 is generally in the form of a metal alloy.
- the known pumper fixes the impurities 11 by absorption (also called “chemisorption”). As shown in FIG. 3, the absorption is carried out by creating bonds 32 between the impurities 311 and the surface 301 of the pumpor 30, in particular by chemical transformation: the absorbed impurities 313 react chemically, for example by reactions 32 oxidation or molecular dissociation.
- the use of these getters 30 is limited by major drawbacks of the getters.
- the getters 30 are unable to absorb certain chemical compounds 312, such as hydrocarbons or other organic compounds.
- chemical compounds 312 such as hydrocarbons or other organic compounds.
- these chemical compounds are present in the environment of the device 2.
- the getters have a low pumping capacity.
- the temperatures which make it possible to increase their capacity to absorb the impurities are too high compared to the usual use temperatures of the devices, in particular in the case of infrared sensors, in which the cavity is cooled.
- the use of such getters 30 is then not sufficient to meet the lifetime requirements of a device 2, namely a few years.
- EP 087 827 discloses a device comprising an adsorber which requires temperature regulation of the cavity (temperature maintained at 80 ° K., ie -193 ° C.) in order to operate. This temperature regulation is very restrictive.
- the present invention aims to overcome at least one of these disadvantages. According to the invention there is provided a device according to claim 1.
- a sensor or a sensor comprising a device mentioned above is also proposed.
- a manufacturing method according to claim 10 is proposed.
- the invention has many advantages. It thus allows an increase in the life of the device. In particular, it makes it possible to purify the cavity of all the molecules that constitute impurities, including molecules that do not react chemically with the surface of conventional getters, without regulating the temperature of the cavity.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic representations of two embodiments of known sensors or sensors.
- FIG. 2 already discussed, is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device according to the prior art;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of the adsorption mechanism implemented by a purifier according to the invention
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of the adsorption mechanism on a developed surface larger than that of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the difference between an apparent surface and a developed surface
- FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the evolution over time of the partial pressure of the impurities of a gas for different developed surfaces of purifiers
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is the curve representing the efficiency of the adsorption as a function of the ratio between the area of the developed surface of the purifier and the area of the internal surface of the cavity;
- FIG. 10 is a representation of an embodiment of the purifier according to the invention comprising inclusions of absorbent materials; - Figure 11 is a diagram showing the degassing phenomenon of the purifier; and
- FIG. 12 is a diagram of an embodiment of the means for heating the laser purifier.
- FIG. 8 shows a possible embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- the device 2 comprises a cavity 20 under vacuum.
- the vacuum is pushed and of the order of 10 ⁇ 6 mbar.
- the cavity 20 has an internal developed surface, which is called hereinafter in the description "internal surface” 25.
- Figure 6 shows schematically the difference between two developed surfaces 90 and 91 (also called “specific surfaces” by those skilled in the art when referred to a mass or volume) of two faces.
- the two developed surfaces 90 and 91 correspond to the same apparent surface S.
- the apparent surface S and the developed surface 90 are identical and have the same area.
- the apparent surface S is always the same, while the developed surface 91 represents the total dimension of the surface of the face, including the internal surface of the irregularities 92.
- Figure 6 is a non-limiting sectional representation of the development of a surface.
- the developed surfaces may have more complex configurations, which the simplified representation of Figure 6 does not rule out, for example in the case of three-dimensional porous materials. However, it can be understood from FIG. 6 that the developed surface may be significantly greater than the apparent surface.
- the inner surface 25 of the cavity 20 takes up all the elements forming the cavity (as for example the walls), but is of a size relatively close to the apparent internal surface of the cavity.
- the device 2 further comprises a purifier 10 placed in the cavity 20.
- the purifier 10 has a large developed surface 101.
- the ratio between, on the one hand, the area of the developed surface 101 and, on the other hand, the area of the inner surface 25 of the cavity 20 is greater than 100.
- the purifier 10 is thus able to adsorb impurities 11 into the cavity.
- Adsorption also called “physisorption” is the fixation of gas molecules by any solid surface. Adsorption maintains the chemical integrity of molecules, unlike absorption. The reverse process of adsorption is desorption. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the adsorption allows a fixation 111, on sites 102 of adsorption of the developed surface 101, of a large number of different molecules 311 and 312, which does not allow the phenomenon of absorption, as we have seen, some molecules can not be absorbed.
- Adsorption is indeed capable of fixing all the molecules 311 and 312 having an electric dipole moment, which is the case of a large number of molecules.
- the impurities 11 of the cavity 20 tend to fill its adsorption sites 102 by physisorption 111.
- the adsorbed impurities are then no longer present in the cavity 20 and do not represent more pollution.
- the use temperature of the devices can not be modified to increase the amount of impurities adsorbed by the purifier 10, for technical reasons and for use of the device (in particular in cooled infrared sensors, for example as in EP). 087 827).
- the laser cavity is not regulated in temperature, and has an operating range of between -60 ° C .; 100 0 C].
- the inventors have found that a large developed surface 101 comprising a large number of adsorption sites, ie having a low recovery rate (the recovery ratio is the ratio between, on the one hand, the number of molecules adsorbed and on the other hand the number of adsorption sites 102 of the surface 101), can play the role of purification system of the cavity.
- the number of adsorption sites 102 influences the dynamic balance of adsorption / desorption. Thanks to the invention, the impurities are adsorbed by the purifier over the entire operating range between [-60 0 C; 100 0 C], without the laser cavity being temperature regulated.
- FIG. 7 shows that with a purifier 10 having a developed area of 100 m 2 , the partial pressure of impurities 11 in the cavity (the partial pressure of impurities is directly related to the number of impurities 11 present in the cavity 20 ) is always 100 times lower than the partial pressure of impurities when no purifier is placed in the cavity.
- Each surface inside the cavity 20 participates in the degassing and the adsorption / desorption of impurities 11.
- the effectiveness of the purification of the cavity then depends on the ratio between - on the one hand the surfaces participating mainly in the adsorption of the impurities 11, that is to say the developed surface 101 of the purifier, and secondly the surfaces mainly involved in the degassing of the impurities 11, that is to say the inner surface 25.
- FIG. 9 shows that, in the case of a ratio of the areas of the order of 100, the gain on the partial pressure of the impurities 101 is perceptible. The number of impurities 11 in the cavity 20 therefore decreases.
- the operation of the purifier 10 does not attach to any particular material.
- the purifier 10 can be in any material, from the moment it has a large developed surface.
- the purifier is however preferably composed of a porous material, so that the developed surface 101 of the purifier 10 has an area greater than 100 times the area of the inner surface of the cavity 20.
- a purifier whose area of the developed surface is at least 1000 times greater than the area of the internal surface of the cavity (there is a gain on the partial pressure of impurities of about 5, i.e. the partial pressure of impurities is 5 times lower), and even at least 5000 times higher (gain of about 10).
- the purifier 10 may be composed of a material whose specific surface area (that is to say the developed surface of the purifier relative to its mass) is greater than 100 m 2 / g, for example 600 m 2 / g.
- Microporous materials for example of the zeolite type, which have significant trapping surfaces relative to their volume and mass, seem particularly suitable for this type of constraint.
- the energies of the physical bonds between the impurities 11 and the surface 101 of the purifier 10 will be modified. This property will have a direct impact on the previously described adsorption / desorption equilibrium. It is clear that some materials, and some molecules, will be more effective in trapping or trapping. It is also possible to take advantage of the chemisorption absorption mechanisms in combination with the physisorption adsorption phenomenon, in order to further reduce the number of impurities in the cavity. The combination of these two sorption phenomena allows purification of the still larger cavity.
- the absorption is carried out by a pump 30 made of metal materials, which are chemically reactive, such as, for example, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, palladium, platinum, zirconium, vanadium or an alloy of several of these metallic elements. .
- the purifier 10 may thus be composed of a material whose developed surface is large and further comprising inclusions 31 of materials that are capable of being absorbed, for example inclusions of metal type.
- the purifier 10 then plays the role of support for the pompeur 30 by chemisorption (absorption), composed of the inclusions 31.
- the inclusions can be very small (between 5 and 20 nm), to further increase their efficiency and their surface in contact with the impurities.
- the impurities reacting with the chemisorption 311 can thus be absorbed by the metal inclusions 31, in addition to being adsorbed by the surface 101.
- the device 2 described by the invention has many advantages in the case of use in sensors for example, vibrating sensors, or optical sensors, such as infrared optical sensors.
- a device 2 described by the invention allows the adsorption of impurities 11 present in the environment of sensors or sensors, such as organic compounds and particularly hydrocarbons.
- the pressure in the cavity is of the order of 10 ⁇ 6 mbar while the volume of the cavity is preferably less than 50 cm 3 .
- the purifier 10 contains, in its initial state, impurities 11 which it is capable of degassing when it is placed inside the cavity, thus contributing to additional pollution of the cavity 20 .
- the degassing of the impurities 11, initially contained in the purifier 10, can be caused before the purifier 10 is placed in the sealed cavity 20.
- the prior degassing of the purifier 10 makes it possible, of course, to avoid degassing, but also to reduce the rate of recovery of the surface 101, by freeing up adsorption spaces in particular.
- the device 2 advantageously comprises a heating 40 of the purifier 10.
- the heated purifier 10 at a temperature of the order of 300 0 C, degasses the impurities 11 that it initially contained.
- Heating degassing can be carried out directly in the cavity 20 before it is hermetically closed.
- the invention thus also relates to a method of manufacturing a device 2.
- zeolite material there is for example 80 mg of zeolite material in a metal cup 41 belonging to the heater 40.
- a zeolite material is chosen to constitute a purifier 10 whose area of the developed surface 101 is much greater (for example, greater than 5000 times) in the area of the inner surface of the cavity.
- the purifier 10 is mechanically pressed into the cup 41 to form a pellet.
- the metal cup 41 containing the emptied purifier 10 is then inserted into the cavity 20.
- the cup 41 is held on the wall of the cavity 20 using, for example, a spring.
- Vacuum is then made in the laser cavity. During the evacuation, the purifier is degassed
- the metal cup 41 is heated by induction means 41 also belonging to the heater 40.
- the heating is thus very localized and does not deteriorate any of the elements of the cavity or the laser.
- the purifier 10 being in contact with the cup 41, the latter, heated by induction, heats the purifier 10 by radiation and by conduction at a temperature above 300 ° C. This temperature allows sufficient degassing of the purifier 10, in particular freeing up a maximum of adsorption sites 102.
- the cavity 20 being actively maintained under vacuum during the degassing time, the released impurities 11 are evacuated by the evacuation means (not shown).
- the heating is stopped.
- the cavity 20 is then hermetically sealed.
- impurities 11 which will be degassed by the different surfaces of the device 2 or entered by the openings (leaks) of the cavity 20 will be picked up by the purifier 10.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0854649A FR2933625B1 (fr) | 2008-07-08 | 2008-07-08 | Dispositif comportant une cavite sous vide, senseur, capteur et procede de fabrication correspondants |
| PCT/EP2009/058702 WO2010003989A1 (fr) | 2008-07-08 | 2009-07-08 | Dispositif comportant une cavite sous vide, senseur, capteur et procede de fabrication correspondants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2334977A1 true EP2334977A1 (fr) | 2011-06-22 |
Family
ID=40377246
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09793951A Ceased EP2334977A1 (fr) | 2008-07-08 | 2009-07-08 | Dispositif comportant une cavite sous vide, senseur, capteur et procede de fabrication correspondants |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2334977A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2933625B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010003989A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114295560B (zh) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-08-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种量子物理吸附仪 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD204742A1 (de) * | 1982-04-06 | 1983-12-07 | Horst Frodl | Wasserstoffentfernung, mittels katalysator, in thermosbehaeltern fuer verfluessigte gase |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2115602B (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1986-01-02 | Philips Electronic Associated | Getters in infra-red radiation detectors |
| GB2231716A (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1990-11-21 | Philips Electronic Associated | Producing and maintaining a vacuum space in an infrared detector or other device with a getter |
| US5111049A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-05-05 | Santa Barbara Research Center | Remote fired RF getter for use in metal infrared detector dewar |
| DE19740848A1 (de) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-03-18 | Sgi Prozess Technik Gmbh | Druckwechselanlage zur Gewinnung von Sauerstoff aus der Luft und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen |
-
2008
- 2008-07-08 FR FR0854649A patent/FR2933625B1/fr active Active
-
2009
- 2009-07-08 WO PCT/EP2009/058702 patent/WO2010003989A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-07-08 EP EP09793951A patent/EP2334977A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD204742A1 (de) * | 1982-04-06 | 1983-12-07 | Horst Frodl | Wasserstoffentfernung, mittels katalysator, in thermosbehaeltern fuer verfluessigte gase |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2933625B1 (fr) | 2012-01-20 |
| WO2010003989A1 (fr) | 2010-01-14 |
| FR2933625A1 (fr) | 2010-01-15 |
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