EP2334835A1 - Heat exchanger with reduced component thickness and method for making same - Google Patents
Heat exchanger with reduced component thickness and method for making sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP2334835A1 EP2334835A1 EP09783620A EP09783620A EP2334835A1 EP 2334835 A1 EP2334835 A1 EP 2334835A1 EP 09783620 A EP09783620 A EP 09783620A EP 09783620 A EP09783620 A EP 09783620A EP 2334835 A1 EP2334835 A1 EP 2334835A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- heat exchanger
- components
- thickness
- spacers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0012—Brazing heat exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0211—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in cutting
- B23K35/0216—Rods, electrodes, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/045—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly
- F02B29/0462—Liquid cooled heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/089—Coatings, claddings or bonding layers made from metals or metal alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising substantially aluminum components, with a bundle of tubes, spacers and at least one collector plate, and to its manufacturing process.
- the heat exchangers conventionally comprise a bundle of tubes and two collector plates which are traversed by the ends of the tubes of the bundle of tubes.
- Interlayers may be provided between the tubes of said bundle to improve heat exchange.
- said spacers generally fins.
- Interlayers may also be provided in tubes to allow a turbulence generation of the fluid flowing inside said tube, in this case we refer to the spacers generally turbulence generators or "turbulators" or "disruptive".
- a first fluid circulates inside the tubes of the bundle of tubes, while a second fluid sweeps outside the bundle of tubes.
- the variations in temperature of the fluid flowing inside the tubes may cause temperature differences that cause thermal expansion between the inlet, outlet and the center of the exchanger. This results in mechanical stresses in the tubes as well as in the collector plates. Such stresses can cause breaks and / or cracks in the exchanger, resulting in risks of leakage of the fluid.
- the spacers mentioned above and in particular their thickness must be substantially chosen according to the dimensions and thickness of the tubes so as not to participate actively in mechanical stresses and to support the risk of rupture and / or cracking. Indeed, as detailed below, the mechanical stresses are directly related to the triple synergy tube thickness - heat exchanger model - thickness of interlayer.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Magnesium is known to strengthen the components of a heat exchanger. However, the use of magnesium deteriorates brazing quality when assembling heat exchanger components. In addition, the use of magnesium is incompatible with so-called flux soldering processes, because of the reactivity between magnesium and the fluorine still present in flux soldering processes.
- the invention improves the situation.
- the invention proposes a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising essentially aluminum components, said components comprising a bundle of tubes, spacers between and / or in the tubes of said bundle and at least one collector plate .
- the method of the invention comprises the following steps: to choose tubes consisting of an alloy core based on aluminum and comprising magnesium (Mg) of between 0.3% and 3.0% by weight, and other chemical elements, choosing a thickness of said tubes independently of the thickness of said spacers, coating at least one side of at least some of said components of an aluminum-based filler alloy, and assembling said components by soldering without flux in a controlled atmosphere at a temperature comprised between 58O 0 C and 62O 0 C followed by cooling (rapid and optionally, a tempering at a temperature between 8O 0 C and 250 0 C).
- Mg magnesium
- the core alloy has a composition by weight:
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET Silicon (Si) between 0.5% and 0.7%; Iron (Fe) ⁇ 1.0%; Copper (Cu) of between 0.3% and 1.0%; Manganese (Mn) from 0.3% to 2.0%; Zinc (Zn) ⁇ 6.0%; Titanium (Ti) ⁇ 0.1%; Zirconium (Zr) ⁇ 0.3%; Crome (Cr) ⁇ 0.3%; Nickel (Ni) ⁇ 2.0%; Cobalt (Co) ⁇ 2.0%; Bismuth (Bi) ⁇ 0.5%; Yttrium (Y) ⁇ 0.5%; Magnesium (Mg) in the range of 0.3% to 3.0%; other elements ⁇ 0.05% each and 0.15 in total; Aluminum remains (Al), and the filler alloy has a composition by weight:
- Silicon between 4.0% and 15.0%; at least one of Silver (Ag), Beryllium (Be), Bismuth (Bi), Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), Lead (Pb), Palladium (Pd), Antimony (Sb), Yttrium ( Y) or mischmetal between 0.01% and 1.0%; Aluminum remains (Al).
- the core alloy has a magnesium content (Mg) of 0.5%, a silicon (Si) of 0.5%, a copper content (Cu) of 0.5%, a Manganese content (Mn) of 1.65%, a titanium (Ti) content of 0.08% and a Bismuth content (Bi) of 0.15%.
- the heat exchanger can be of the radiator type with a tube thickness ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
- the heat exchanger can be of the charge air cooler type with a tube thickness ⁇ 270 ⁇ m. This is usually a gas / gas type exchanger.
- the method may comprise a step of using spacers of thickness selected in a range from about 50 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m.
- the invention also relates to a heat exchanger of the radiator type and a heat exchanger of charge air cooler type.
- the heat exchanger comprising substantially aluminum (Al) components.
- the components comprising a bundle of tubes, spacers between the tubes of said bundle and at least one collector plate, said spacers and said collector plates being separated by a minimum deviation of stress.
- the thickness of the tubes is ⁇ 200 ⁇ m for the heat exchanger of the radiator type and is ⁇ 270 ⁇ m for the heat exchanger of the charge air cooler type.
- the minimum distance of stress is ⁇ 3mm. This increases the heat exchange surface and therefore increases the performance of the exchanger.
- the heat exchanger comprises spacers of thickness chosen in a range from about 50 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m.
- the tubes of the exchanger may consist of a core alloy of composition by weight:
- Silicon between 0.5% and 0.7%; Iron (Fe) ⁇ 1.0%; Copper (Cu) of between 0.3% and 1.0%; Manganese (Mn) from 0.3% to 2.0%; Zinc (Zn) ⁇ 6.0%; Titanium (Ti) ⁇ 0.1%; Zirconium (Zr) ⁇ 0.3%; Crome (Cr) ⁇ 0.3%; Nickel (Ni) ⁇ 2.0%; Cobalt (Co)
- At least one of the components may be coated on at least one side of a filler alloy composed essentially of aluminum of composition by weight: silicon (Si) of between 4.0% and 15.0%; at least one of the following Silver
- Al Beryllium (Be), Bismuth (Bi), Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), Lead (Pb), Palladium (Pd), Antimony (Sb), Yttrium (Y) or mischmetal between 0, 01% and 1.0%; Aluminum remains (Al).
- the core alloy has a magnesium (Mg) content of 0.5%.
- the tubes consist of a metal foil, comprising said core alloy and said supply alloy, folded on itself so as to define at least one fluid circulation channel, for example two channels, at least two parts of said folded sheet, provided vis-a-vis, being brazed along the longitudinal axis of said tube to seal said channel or channels.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic front view of a conventional heat exchanger
- FIG. 2 schematically represents the thickness of the tubes and spacers
- FIG. 3 relates to the prior art and graphically represents the breaking strength and the brazing ratio as a function of the magnesium content of an alloy. lady,
- FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of one embodiment of the method of the invention
- FIG. 5 relates to the invention and graphically represents the breaking strength and the brazing ratio as a function of the magnesium content of a core alloy
- FIG. 6 is relative to the prior art and represents a graph relating the minimum and maximum distance between fins and collector plates for different classes of heat exchanger
- FIG. 7 relates to the invention and shows a graph relating the minimum and maximum distance between fins and collector plates for different classes of heat exchanger.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic front view of a conventional heat exchanger 1. It appears different components and in particular a bundle of tubes 2, spacers 3 between the tubes of said bundle and at least one manifold plate 4, said spacers 3 and said collector plates 4 being spaced a minimum deviation of stress d cont .
- the minimum deviation of stress is intended to compensate for mechanical deformations in the vicinity of the collector plates. Indeed, the collector plates being particularly sensitive to mechanical deformations a minimum deviation of stress protects the tubes vis-à-vis cracks and / or breaks.
- FIG. 1 distinguishes two types of spacers 3: fins-type spacers 31 located between the tubes 2 and whose main role is to increase the exchange surface between the fluids, and spacers of the same type. turbulence says
- Tubes 31 and the turbulators 32 located inside the tubes 2 and whose main role is to homogenize the contact surface between the fluid flowing inside the tubes 2 and the tube walls.
- the fins 31 and the turbulators 32 optimize the performance of a heat exchanger.
- Figure 2 schematically shows what is meant in this description by the thickness of the tubes e tub . and the thickness of the spacers e int ..
- Figure 2 also shows what is meant here by Tube Height H tUb and Tubing Width Lg tub .
- soldering is the assembly of components using a filler alloy (also called plating).
- the filler alloy has a lower melting temperature than the components to be assembled.
- soldering is done in an air oven, under a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum.
- alloy core alloy there is at least one component made of a so-called alloy core alloy.
- tubes made of a well-chosen core alloy see below.
- alloys comprising magnesium are subject to problems when using flux soldering.
- magnesium reacts with other chemical elements involved in flux brazing and in particular with fluorine, resulting in ineffective flux brazing from a magnesium content of about 0.3% by weight. weight in the composition of the components to be assembled. Beyond 0.3% magnesium, a greater amount of flux would be necessary, which would make the soldering operation more expensive and more difficult to control.
- the document WO 2005/061743 has come to introduce a process for assembling aluminum alloy sheet comprising solder without flux under a controlled atmosphere, in which at least one sheet consists of a core alloy of well composition. chosen and in which at least one of the sheets is coated on at least one side of a brazing aluminum alloy of a well-chosen composition.
- the resistance to mechanical stresses described above is directly related to the brazing rate.
- the brazing rate corresponds to the percentage of assembly between the components to be assembled during the soldering operation.
- brazing rate the higher the risk of mechanical deformations and cracking and / or rupture of the tubes when the heat exchanger is in operating condition. It therefore tends to a brazing rate ⁇ 95% to ensure satisfactory resistance to said constraints.
- FIG. 3 relates to the prior art and shows a graph relating, on the one hand, the breaking strength (Rm) as a function of the magnesium percentage (Mg) in a core alloy on the one hand and of on the other hand, the relationship between the brazing rate and the percentage of magnesium (Mg) in a core alloy when using a Nocolok® brazing process.
- the breaking strength (Rm) corresponds to the tensile stress from which the core alloy breaks in two parts, it is expressed in Mpa. It appears in Figure 3 that the breaking strength of a core alloy increases proportionally with the magnesium content (Mg) of said core alloy. However, with this increase in magnesium content (Mg) in the core alloy, the brazing rate is decreased until a brazing rate of less than 95% is reached at a content of approximately 0.3% by weight. . This is not satisfactory to ensure sufficient resistance to mechanical stresses occurring when the heat exchanger is in operation. To compensate for this lack of resistance to mechanical stresses, one solution is to increase the thickness of the material forming the tubes. But this would directly increase the cost of the process because of the surplus material.
- the method of manufacturing a heat exchanger according to the invention makes it possible to increase the magnesium content (Mg) in the components of the heat exchanger, without disturbing the soldering rate.
- Operation 400 comprises the provision of components to form a heat exchanger, namely including tubes, spacers and collector plates.
- the tubes are substantially selected from a specific core alloy during a selection step 402 and whose magnesium content (Mg) is between 0.3% and
- the thickness e tub is chosen between 170 ⁇ m and 230 ⁇ m, and preferably between 170 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m.
- the thickness e tUb is chosen between 270 ⁇ m and 400 ⁇ m, and preferably about 270 ⁇ m.
- Thickness selection operation 404 also includes the thickness selection of tabs.
- the fins-type spacers are chosen between 50 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, the interleaves of turbulators type are chosen between 70 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m.
- a filler alloy deposition step 406 comprises depositing a filler alloy on at least one face of at least some of the components for solder assembly.
- the filler alloy may have the following composition by weight: Silicon (Si) of between 4.0% and 15.0%; at least one of Silver (Ag), Beryllium (Be), Bismuth (Bi), Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), Lead (Pb), Palladium (Pd), Antimony (Sb), Yttrium ( Y) or mischmetal (alloy between metals and rare earths) between 0.01% and 1.0%; Aluminum remains (Al).
- the following assembly operation 408 comprises the mechanical positioning of the components of the heat exchanger for carrying out the final brazing operation 410.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between fracture strength (Rm) and magnesium percentage (Mg) in a core alloy on the one hand and the relationship between the solder ratio and the solder ratio on the other hand.
- the percentage of magnesium (Mg) in a core alloy when implementing the method of the invention as described above.
- the method of the invention uses a core alloy whose magnesium content (Mg) can easily reach 0.5% by weight while maintaining a brazing rate greater than 95%.
- the breaking strength of the alloy is then around 220 MPa.
- Figure 6 relates to the prior art and shows the minimum gap ⁇ nt d and the maximum deviation of a type of intermediate fin of different classes of heat exchangers, which will not be detailed herein. Note that the minimum distance between fins and collector plates is 3mm. As mentioned above, this is
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) a minimum safety distance to minimize the risk of cracking and / or breaking during mechanical deformation in the vicinity of the collector plate.
- FIG. 7 relates to the invention and also shows the minimum distance d ⁇ nt and the maximum gap of a fin type interlayer of different classes of heat exchangers when the heat exchanger is assembled by the method of the invention. It can be seen that the assembly of a heat exchanger with the method of the invention makes it possible to lower the minimum safety distance between the collector plates and the fins-type spacers. This makes it possible to increase the heat exchange surface and thus the performance of a heat exchanger.
- the invention will be described with the aid of an exemplary embodiment. Advantages of the invention will emerge clearly in the light of the nonlimiting exemplary embodiment described below.
- Cycled pressure test the exchangers are subjected to alternating internal cycled pressures in heated or unheated enclosure so as to show or not fatigue resistance problems and must meet a minimum number of cycles without rupture imposed by each client.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - heat exchangers radiator type the following models: 14mm; 18mm; 27mm and 34mm, and for
- - charge air cooler type heat exchangers the following models: - 64mm; 80mm compact; 80mm mosaic and 100mm.
- the models are mainly defined by the range of tubes used, in particular the width of the tubes Lg n ⁇ and the structure of the bundle, that is to say a combination between the number of tubes / spacers, and the lengths of said tubes. .
- Bismuth (Bi) substantially equal to 0.15%.
- the filler alloy covers the core alloy and is about 10% of the total thickness of the core alloy / filler alloy assembly.
- the core alloy / alloy alloy assembly of the embodiment described is first hot-rolled and then cold-treated, and then subjected to a heat-treatment treatment.
- the thickness of the tubes e tub is 270 .mu.m.
- Three different thicknesses of fins were used, namely:
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - 50 ⁇ m; 70 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the tubes is 400 ⁇ m.
- the fin thickness was chosen constant, namely: 70 ⁇ m.
- Two different thicknesses of turbulators have been used, namely:
- the thickness of the fin or turbulator type spacers is 70 .mu.m.
- Two different thicknesses of tubes have been used, namely:
- the invention applies mainly to heat exchangers for motor vehicles, in particular engine cooling radiators and charge air coolers.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0805415A FR2936597A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2008-10-01 | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH REDUCED COMPONENT THICKNESS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
PCT/EP2009/062729 WO2010037803A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2009-10-01 | Heat exchanger with reduced component thickness and method for making same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2334835A1 true EP2334835A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
Family
ID=40447305
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09783620A Withdrawn EP2334835A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2009-10-01 | Heat exchanger with reduced component thickness and method for making same |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP2334835A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2936597A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010037803A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
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CN103502493A (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2014-01-08 | 爱励轧制产品德国有限责任公司 | Fin stock material |
EP2514555A1 (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-10-24 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz GmbH | Extruded aluminium alloy tube product |
CN103722305B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-09-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | A kind of aluminium-based amorphous alloy solder and preparation method thereof |
CN105274405A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-01-27 | 绍兴市质量技术监督检测院 | Rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
FR3069919B1 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-11-22 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | FOUNDRY ALUMINUM ALLOY ELEMENT FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER |
PT3797034T (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2024-04-23 | Novelis Koblenz Gmbh | Brazed heat exchanger |
CN110340565B (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-03-09 | 上海交通大学 | Aluminum-silicon-based welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0672472B1 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1997-11-05 | Ford Motor Company | Method of fabricating a heat exchanger tube array |
WO2004068055A1 (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2004-08-12 | Showa Denko K.K. | Heat exchanger and process for fabricating same |
JP2005037062A (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-02-10 | Toyo Radiator Co Ltd | Aluminum heat exchanger |
MXPA06002005A (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2006-05-31 | Corus Aluminium Walzprod Gmbh | High strength aluminium alloy brazing sheet, brazed assembly and method for producing same. |
US7226669B2 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2007-06-05 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | High strength aluminium alloy brazing sheet, brazed assembly and method for producing same |
FR2862894B1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2007-02-16 | Pechiney Rhenalu | ALLUMINIUM ALLOY BAND FOR BRAZING |
FR2862984B1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2006-11-03 | Pechiney Rhenalu | ALUMINUM ALLOY BAND FOR SOLDERING |
EP1939312B1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2010-10-06 | Showa Denko K.K. | Clad plate and process for production thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-10-01 FR FR0805415A patent/FR2936597A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-01 WO PCT/EP2009/062729 patent/WO2010037803A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-10-01 EP EP09783620A patent/EP2334835A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See references of WO2010037803A1 * |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2010037803A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
FR2936597A1 (en) | 2010-04-02 |
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