EP2333290B1 - Verfahren und System zur Erkennung eines Lecks bei einem Fahrzeugtank - Google Patents

Verfahren und System zur Erkennung eines Lecks bei einem Fahrzeugtank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2333290B1
EP2333290B1 EP20090179024 EP09179024A EP2333290B1 EP 2333290 B1 EP2333290 B1 EP 2333290B1 EP 20090179024 EP20090179024 EP 20090179024 EP 09179024 A EP09179024 A EP 09179024A EP 2333290 B1 EP2333290 B1 EP 2333290B1
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Prior art keywords
pressure curve
fuel tank
pressure
shape
over time
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EP20090179024
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2333290A1 (de
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Magnus Forsberg
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Volvo Car Corp
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Volvo Car Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system
    • F02M25/0827—Judging failure of purge control system by monitoring engine running conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0076—Details of the fuel feeding system related to the fuel tank
    • F02M37/0082—Devices inside the fuel tank other than fuel pumps or filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
    • F02D2041/1423—Identification of model or controller parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D2041/224—Diagnosis of the fuel system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D2041/224—Diagnosis of the fuel system
    • F02D2041/225—Leakage detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method to detect a leak in a vehicle fuel tank in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention also relates to a system to detect a leak in a vehicle fuel tank in accordance with the preamble of claim 5.
  • EONV engine-off natural vacuum
  • US6374663 an apparatus and methods for testing leakage in a tank system are previously known.
  • the method includes sealing the tank system, creating a pressure variation in the sealed tank system, measuring the pressure values in the sealed tank system at predetermined time intervals for a measuring time period, and comparing the shape of a curve formed by the measured pressure values to a predetermined curve for the system, whereby if that comparison exceeds a predetermined limit value, the leakage test is disregarded.
  • comparing of the shape of the measured curve to the predetermined curve comprises fitting a function with the predetermined curve to the shape of the measured curve using the method of least squares.
  • the predetermined curve comprises a second degree polynomial.
  • US 2005/0262932 A1 and US 2005/0028792 A1 disclose further methods and apparatus for detecting leaks in fuel vapor systems.
  • a drawback of the method of detecting leaks using pressure variations in a sealed system is that pressure variations may have other causes than leaks.
  • Weather conditions such as, for example, cold or windy weather may cause pressure to fall down towards atmospheric pressure.
  • a method or system for leakage testing which is unable to recognize such circumstances may function well in a controlled environment, such as in a test lab where it is possible to check that such conditions are not present.
  • a controlled environment such as in a test lab where it is possible to check that such conditions are not present.
  • such a system is likely to cause erroneous detections of leaks in the tank system.
  • One object of the invention is to provide an improved method to detect a leak in a vehicle fuel tank, for avoiding or at least mitigating the above described problems.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved system to detect a leak in a vehicle fuel tank, for avoiding or at least mitigating the above described problems.
  • means for closing a valve sealing the fuel tank from ambient air upon shut off of an engine of the vehicle means for measuring and logging the pressure in the fuel tank over time to obtain a pressure curve; means for analyzing the shape of the pressure curve over time from a first predetermined time t 1 after closing of the valve to a second predetermined time t 2 ; and means for separating a leaking and a non-leaking fuel tank based on the result of said analysis, a robust and easily calibrated system which also is less likely to lead to misdetection is provided.
  • the present invention relates to a method and a system 1, as illustrated in figure 1 , for detecting leaks in the fuel system of a vehicle, and more particularly to detect a leak in a vehicle fuel tank 2.
  • the method to detect a leak in a vehicle fuel tank 2 in accordance with the present invention comprises the step of closing a valve 3 sealing the fuel tank 2 from ambient air 9 upon shut off of an engine (not shown) of the vehicle.
  • the valve 3 may e.g. be arranged in on a conduit 8 connecting the fuel tank 2 with a fuel management system of the vehicle (not shown).
  • the valve 3 may further be arranged to communicate with a control module, such as an engine control module (ECM) 5, via suitable communication means 7 such as e.g. wired or wireless communication means 7.
  • ECM engine control module
  • suitable communication means 7 such as e.g. wired or wireless communication means 7.
  • the pressure in the now sealed fuel tank 2 may after closing of the valve 3 start to change from atmospheric pressure.
  • the method also comprises the further step of measuring and logging the pressure in the fuel tank 2 over time to obtain a pressure curve.
  • the pressure is preferably measured by pressure sensing means arranged within the fuel tank 2, such as by a pressure sensor 4 within the fuel tank 2, and logged by logging means, such an engine control module (ECM) 5.
  • the pressure sensor 4 may be arranged to communicate with the engine control module (ECM) 5 via suitable communication means 6, such as e.g. wired or wireless communication means 6.
  • the now proposed method is based on the further step of analyzing the shape of the pressure curve over time from a first predetermined time t 1 after closing of the valve 3 to a second predetermined time t 2 , and the step of separating a leaking and a non-leaking fuel tank 2 based on the result of this analysis.
  • the method further comprises the step of choosing the first predetermined time t 1 and the second predetermined time t 2 such that a falling pressure curve over time is obtainable.
  • the pressure will usually rise due to a number of physical factors, of which the hot exhaust system (not shown) is one of the more important ones.
  • t 1 must be a few minutes, usually about 10 minutes, away from when the valve seals off the fuel tank 2 from the atmosphere [atm], when the engine is shut off.
  • the exact choice of the first predetermined time t 1 and the second predetermined time t 2 will normally have to be calibrated to fit the particular vehicle and engine type.
  • the method further comprises the step of basing the analysis of the shape of the pressure curve on the realization that the pressure of a non-leaking fuel tank 2 will fall with a differently shaped pressure curve over time as compared to the pressure curve over time of a leaking fuel tank 2.
  • the full line curve illustrates an ideal fuel tank 2, in which the pressure of a sealed fuel tank 2 remains at a heightened level between times t 1 and t 2
  • the dashed line curve illustrates a fuel tank 2, in which the pressure falls back towards atmospheric [atm] due to weather conditions such as, for example, cold or windy weather
  • the dot-dashed curve illustrates a fuel tank 2, in which the pressure falls back towards atmospheric [atm] due to a leak.
  • pressure may remain high, as illustrated by the full line curve of figure 2 .
  • some weather conditions e.g. cold or windy weather, may cause the pressure in a non-leaking fuel tank 2 to fall back towards atmospheric [atm], but in this case the pressure will fall with a differently shaped pressure curve as compared to the pressure curve of a leaking fuel tank 2.
  • the method further comprises the step of basing the analysis of the shape of the pressure curve on the further realization that the pressure of a non-leaking fuel tank 2 will fall with a second degree polynomial shaped pressure curve over time (e.g. the dashed curve of figure 2 ) as compared to a pressure curve over time of a leaking fuel tank 2 which will have a third degree polynomial shape (e.g. the dot-dashed curve of figure 2 ).
  • a second degree polynomial shaped pressure curve over time e.g. the dashed curve of figure 2
  • a third degree polynomial shape e.g. the dot-dashed curve of figure 2
  • the method may further comprise the step of analyzing the shape of the pressure curve using the Least Squares method.
  • the Least Squares method may be seen as a method of fitting data. The best fit, between modeled and observed data, in the least-squares sense is that instance of the model for which the sum of squared residuals has its least value, where a residual is the difference between an observed value and the value given by the model.
  • the Least Squares method as described above, is the herein preferred method, several other methods of fitting data could, as will be obvious to the person skilled in the art, be used for fitting a curve to a second order polynomial.
  • the Least Squares method is the herein preferred method as it is relatively quick and requires a relatively moderate amount of calculations.
  • ⁇ 1 thus being linear to a second derivate of the function while ⁇ 2 is linear to a first derivate of the function, and ⁇ 3 is linear to the function itself.
  • the coefficients c 1 and c 2 must be correctly calculated. This calculation of the coefficients c 1 and c 2 should be performed in a calibration process, to fit the particular vehicle and engine type, using some kind of discriminant analysis.
  • the final test value T is the herein preferred final test value as it provides for relatively simple and robust calculations, other ways of calculating suitable test values indicative of the degree of curve fitting may be conceivable by those skilled in the art.
  • the prior art EONV calibration plan requires long soaking times between calibration measures, which is not needed in accordance with this new method. Also, the measures may be made in climate cells, which decrease the need for costly expeditions to different climate locations. This will cut development cost and associated time consumption for vehicle manufacturers. Also, the method is less likely to lead to misdetection of non-leaking fuel tanks 2, which in turn may decrease warranty costs and improve customer quality impressions.
  • the present invention also relates to an automotive vehicle comprising a system to detect a leak in a vehicle fuel tank as described above.

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zum Detektieren einer undichten Stelle in einem Fahrzeugkraftstofftank (2), das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    Schließen eines Ventils (3), das den Kraftstofftank (2) gegen die Umgebungsluft (9) abdichtet;
    Messen (4) und Protokollieren (5, 6) des Drucks in dem Kraftstofftank (2) über der Zeit, um eine Druckkurve zu erhalten;
    Analysieren der Form der Druckkurve über der Zeit von einer ersten vorgegebenen Zeit t1 nach Schließen des Ventils (3) bis zu einer zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit t2;
    Unterscheiden eines undichten und eines nicht undichten Kraftstofftanks (2) basierend auf dem Ergebnis der Analyse, wobei das Verfahren ferner den folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Wählen der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit t1 und der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit t2, so dass eine abfallende Druckkurve über der Zeit erhalten werden kann, wobei das Verfahren ferner den folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Basieren der Analyse der Form der Druckkurve auf der Erkenntnis, dass der Druck eines nicht undichten Kraftstofftanks im Vergleich zu der Druckkurve über der Zeit eines undichten Kraftstofftanks (2) mit einer unterschiedlich geformten Druckkurve über der Zeit abfallen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Schließens des Ventils (3), das den Kraftstofftank (2) gegen die Umgebungsluft (9) abdichtet, nach den Abstellen des Motors des Fahrzeugs ausgeführt wird und dass das Verfahren ferner den folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    ferner Basieren der Analyse der Form der Druckkurve auf der Erkenntnis, dass der Druck eines nicht undichten Kraftstofftanks (2) im Vergleich zu einer Druckkurve über der Zeit eines undichten Kraftstofftanks (2), die die Form eines Polynoms dritten Grades aufweisen wird, mit einer Druckkurve in der Form eines Polynoms zweiten Grades über der Zeit abfallen wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren ferner den folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Analysieren der Form der Druckkurve unter Verwendung eines Verfahrens der Datenanpassung wie z. B. des Verfahrens der kleinsten Quadrate.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner den folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    ferner Basieren der Analyse der Form der Druckkurve auf einer Anpassung der Druckkurve von der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit t1 zu der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit t2 an ein Polynom zweiter Ordnung, wobei drei Koeffizienten θ1, θ2 und θ3 gemäß p(t) = θ1 x t2 + θ2 x t + θ3 gegeben sind, wobei p(t) der Druck zur Zeit t ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner den folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    ferner Basieren der Analyse der Form der Druckkurve auf einer Berechnung eines endgültigen Testwerts T = f1 x c1 + f2 x c2 durch Erzeugen von f1= θ3/θ1 und f2= θ2/θ1, wobei die Koeffizienten c1 und c2 in einem Kalibrierungsprozess unter Verwendung einer Diskriminanzanalyse berechnet werden, und Verwenden des Testwerts T, um die Anpassung der erhaltenen Druckkurve an eine Polynomkurve zweiter Ordnung zu bestimmen.
  5. System (1) zum Detektieren eines Lecks in einem Fahrzeugkraftstofftank (2), das Folgendes umfasst:
    Mittel (5) zum Schließen eines Ventils (3), das den Kraftstofftank (2) gegen die Umgebungsluft (9) abdichtet;
    Mittel zum Messen (4) und Protokollieren (5, 6) des Drucks in dem Kraftstofftank (2) über der Zeit, um eine Druckkurve zu erhalten;
    Mittel (5) zum Analysieren der Form der Druckkurve über der Zeit von einer ersten vorgegebenen Zeit t1 nach dem Schließen des Ventils bis zu einer zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit t2; und
    Mittel (5) zum Unterscheiden eines undichten und eines nicht undichten Kraftstofftanks (2) basierend auf dem Ergebnis der Analyse, wobei das System ferner Mittel zum Wählen der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit t1 und der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit t2 umfasst, so dass eine abfallende Druckkurve über der Zeit erhalten werden kann, wobei die Mittel (5) zum Analysieren der Form der Druckkurve ausgelegt sind, um die Analyse der Form der Druckkurve auf der Erkenntnis zu basieren, dass der Druck eines nicht undichten Kraftstofftanks (2) im Vergleich zu der Druckkurve über der Zeit eines undichten Kraftstofftanks (2) mit einer unterschiedlich geformten Druckkurve über der Zeit abfallen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (5) zum Schließen des Ventils (3), das den Kraftstofftank (2) gegen die Umgebungsluft (9) abdichtet, ausgelegt sind, um das Ventil (3) nach dem Abschalten des Motors des Fahrzeugs zu schließen, wobei die Mittel (5) zum Analysieren der Form der Druckkurve ausgelegt sind, um die Analyse der Form der Druckkurve auf der weiteren Erkenntnis zu basieren, dass der Druck eines nicht undichten Kraftstofftanks (2) im Vergleich zu einer Druckkurve über der Zeit eines undichten Kraftstofftanks (2), die die Form eines Polynoms dritten Grades aufweisen wird, mit einer Druckkurve über der Zeit in Form eines Polynoms zweiten Grades abfallen wird.
  6. System (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (5) zum Analysieren der Form der Druckkurve ausgelegt sind, um die Form der Druckkurve unter Verwendung eines Verfahrens der Datenanpassung wie z. B. des Verfahrens der kleinsten Quadrate zu analysieren.
  7. System (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (5) zum Analysieren der Form der Druckkurve ausgelegt sind, um ferner die Analyse der Form der Druckkurve auf eine Anpassung der Druckkurve von der ersten vorgegebenen Zeit t1 bis zu der zweiten vorgegebenen Zeit t2 an ein Polynom zweiter Ordnung zu basieren, wobei drei Koeffizienten θ1, θ2 und θ3 gemäß p (t) = θ1 x t2 + θ2 x t + θ3 gegeben sind, wobei p(t) der Druck zur Zeit t ist.
  8. System nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (5) zum Analysieren der Form der Druckkurve ausgelegt sind, um ferner die Analyse der Form der Druckkurve auf eine Berechnung eines endgültigen Testwerts T = f1 x c1 + f2 x t2 durch Erzeugen von f1= θ3/θ1 und f2= θ2/θ1 zu basieren, wobei die Koeffizienten c1 und c2 in einem Kalibrierungsprozess unter Verwendung einer Diskriminanzanalyse berechnet werden, und Verwenden des Testwerts T, um die Anpassung der erhaltenen Druckkurve an eine Kurve eines Polynoms zweiter Ordnung zu bestimmen.
  9. Kraftfahrzeug, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System (1) zum Detektieren einer undichten Stelle in einem Fahrzeugkraftstofftank (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8 umfasst.
EP20090179024 2009-12-14 2009-12-14 Verfahren und System zur Erkennung eines Lecks bei einem Fahrzeugtank Active EP2333290B1 (de)

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US20140334946A1 (en) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-13 Volvo Car Corporation Leakage detection system and method for fuel tank systems
US10273907B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2019-04-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for engine-off natural vacuum leak testing
DE102015217598A1 (de) * 2015-09-15 2017-03-16 Inficon Gmbh Leckdetektion beim Evakuieren einer Prüfkammer oder eines Prüflings
US10302523B2 (en) 2016-05-27 2019-05-28 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Method for testing a seal of a sealed bearing cavity
DE102018112731A1 (de) * 2018-05-28 2019-11-28 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Regelventils
CN113390587A (zh) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-14 深圳市美好创亿医疗科技股份有限公司 箱体的密封性的检测方法及其检测系统
CN113389648B (zh) * 2021-07-27 2022-11-11 岚图汽车科技有限公司 一种高压燃油系统的泄露检测装置

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SE509087C2 (sv) * 1997-04-30 1998-12-07 Volvo Ab Förfarande och anordning för täthetsmätning i ett tanksystem
US6880383B2 (en) * 2003-05-14 2005-04-19 General Motors Corporation Apparatus and method for fuel vapor leak detection
JP4194435B2 (ja) * 2003-07-11 2008-12-10 株式会社日立製作所 車両の制御装置
JP4400312B2 (ja) * 2004-06-01 2010-01-20 日産自動車株式会社 蒸発燃料処理装置の故障検出装置
DE102005043971A1 (de) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Kraftstoffzumesssystems

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