EP2333133B1 - Method for manufacturing a multilayer coil - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a multilayer coil, the method based on the technique of cold gas spraying or dynamic cold spraying.

In this case, for coating at least one substrate or for producing at least one molded part, particles in the unmelted state are accelerated toward the surface of the substrate or molded article by means of at least one gas jet and adhere there with conversion of their kinetic energy (cf. EP 1 382 720 A2 from the prior art).

Accordingly, the device for coating the substrate or for producing the molded part has at least one cold gas spray gun, the cold gas spray gun and the substrate or molded part to be coated being arranged in a vacuum chamber (cf. EP 1 382 720 A2 from the prior art).

State of the art

Conductors and coils, particularly superconducting coils, are conventionally produced primarily as wires, often in the form of a copper matrix with filaments of the superconductor.

In principle, materials are referred to as superconducting whose electrical resistance falls below zero at a certain critical temperature (= material-dependent transition temperature, wherein the phase transition into the superconducting state is not abrupt, but continuous) to zero and displace the external magnetic fields from their interior (so-called Meißner- Ochsenfeld effect).

Niobtitanium (NbTi) or niobium tantalum may be mentioned as a significant superconducting material. Especially in brittle materials, especially in high-temperature superconductor materials (so-called HTSC materials), the production takes place in complex sintering processes.

The wires thus produced are then wound into coils, usually on bobbin, which serve to stabilize the coil. In addition, the wires can still be poured, mostly in synthetic resins. This pouring into synthetic resins serves to fully stabilize the coils, so that the coils withstand the large forces acting in the superconducting generated magnetic field; Such large forces act in particular in devices for magnetic resonance imaging and in devices for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (= nuclear magnetic resonance or NMR).

If individual coil parts are not sufficiently fixed, then the micro-movements that occur lead to the collapse of the superconductivity (so-called quench, in which the superconductor suddenly changes from the superconducting state to the normal-conducting state, generating a great deal of heat, and the quench in superconducting coils is particularly dangerous There, when the superconductivity collapses, the entire field energy is converted into heat).

In the publication DE 38 06 177 A1 The prior art discloses the use of ceramic powder having superconducting properties as a starting material for applying high temperature superconductor material to workpieces by thermal spraying; The superconducting properties are regenerated after spraying by a targeted heat treatment.

According to this document DE 38 06 177 A1 the current carrying capacity of the high-temperature superconductor layers is improved by performing the thermal spraying under conditions in which the particles in the spray jet have a low intrinsic temperature and a high airspeed, whereby a high deformation is caused when hitting the substrate; the subsequent heat treatment is carried out in such a way that grain growth of the crystallites in the layer is achieved as a function of the degree of deformation.

In the publication WO 2006/061384 A1 The prior art is a method for cold gas spraying, in which by means of a cold gas spray gun, a gas jet is generated, are introduced into the particles. The kinetic energy of the particles results in film formation on a substrate having a texture of structure which is transferred to the forming film.

According to this document WO 2006/061384 A1 By suitable composition of the particles, it is possible to produce a high-temperature superconductive layer on the substrate. This process can be additionally assisted by a heater in a subsequent heat treatment step.

In the JP 07 142255 A discloses the production of a multilayer coil by joining by means of pulsed laser radiation.

The WO 03/019589 A1 includes a method of making a superconducting coil by ion beam assisted deposition on a rotating body.

According to the JP 63 207007 For example, a superconducting web is written on a base body by sputtering and laser heating followed by crystallization.

• auf die Veröffentlichung " Microstructural characteristics of cold-sprayed nanostructured WC-Co coatings" von R. S. Lima, J. Karthikeyan, C. M. Kay, J. Lindemann und C. C. Bemdt, Preparation and Characterization, ELSEVIER Sequoia, NL, Thin Solid Films 2002, Band 416, Nr 1-2, Seiten 129 bis 135 , sowie
• auf die Druckschriften DE 10 2004 058 806 A1 , EP 1 921 176 A2 , US 5 646 094 , US 2002/0056473 A1 , US 2004/0026030 A1 , US 2004/0202797 A1 , WO 01/86018 A2 und WO 2004/044672 A2

aufmerksam gemacht.With regard to the technological background of the present invention is supplementary

• on the publication " Microstructural characteristics of cold-sprayed nanostructured WC-Co coatings "by RS Lima, J. Karthikeyan, CM Kay, J. Lindemann and CC Bemdt, Preparation and Characterization, ELSEVIER Sequoia, NL, Thin Solid Films 2002, Vol. 416, No. 1 2, pages 129 to 135 , such as
• on the pamphlets DE 10 2004 058 806 A1 . EP 1 921 176 A2 . US 5,646,094 . US 2002/0056473 A1 . US 2004/0026030 A1 . US 2004/0202797 A1 . WO 01/86018 A2 and WO 2004/044672 A2

made aware.

If now a coil by means of cold spray spraying (Dynamic Cold Spraying) in principle any shape completely compact, that is manufactured as a solid block, so there is the technical problem of providing this coil with multiple conductor layers and to provide conductive connections between the individual layers.

This technical problem is not fully addressed by the publication (published after the priority date claimed) DE 10 2008 024 504 A1 (corresponds to the publication US 2009/0291851 A1 ) are accelerated according to the particles in the unmelted state by means of cold spraying (Dynamic Cold Spraying) for the purpose of coating a substrate or for the purpose of producing a molded article to the surface of the substrate or molded part towards and adhere there with conversion of their kinetic energy, wherein the Particles - at least partially electrically conductive, in particular superconducting, property and - Have at least partially electrically weakly conductive or electrically insulating (= electrically non-conductive) property.

Presentation of the present invention: object, solution, advantages

Based on the disadvantages and inadequacies set out above, and on appreciation of the state of the art outlined, the object of the present invention is to refine a method and a device of the type mentioned above such that a compact and / or produced by means of cold-gas spraying (Dynamic Cold Spraying) or solid coil multiple conductor layers are provided as well as conductive connections between the individual conductor layers are created.

This object is achieved by a method having the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the present invention are characterized in the respective subclaims.

Thus, the present invention is based on a method for cold gas spraying (dynamic cold spraying), by means of which multilayer electrical conductors, in particular rotationally symmetrical coils, for example, of electrically superconducting materials, can be produced.

By the cold gas spraying process, a wide choice of materials, ie non-conductors (even weak conductors) and electrical conductors (including superconductors, in particular H [och] T [emperature] S [upra] L [eiter]) can be applied to a base material or Apply the substrate. Due to the high speed of the sprayed particles or the sprayed particles, layers are formed whose properties are similar to those of cast or rolled materials.

• aus der gesprühten Leiterschicht die tatsächlichen "Einzeldrähte" sowie
• bei mehrlagigen "Wicklungen" entsprechende leitende Verbindungen zwischen den einzelnen Lagen bereitzustellen.

Instead of producing a wire or winding a coil, for example, the entire structure of a coil is sprayed onto the coil carrier, ie a copper matrix, superconductor tracks and insulating material. By appropriate shape and / or by appropriately guiding the carrier material coils can be produced in any form and completely compact and stable, for example in the form of a stable block or in the form of a compact pad. In this case, the present invention now allows "windings" in multiple layers, that is to say in particular

• from the sprayed conductor layer the actual "single wires" as well
• provide multi-layered "windings" corresponding conductive connections between the individual layers.

This is inventively achieved by the conductive layer is brought into at least one helical conductor by means of mechanical machining, for example by machining, or by laser or the like. This helical conductor is embedded by spraying at least one further layer of the carrier material.

Then, at least one further layer of the conductor is provided by spraying and by mechanical processing, for example by machining, or by laser or the like; Finally, the electrically conductive connection between the two conductor layers is provided by a kind of "tap hole spraying".

In this way, the production of any multi-layer magnetic coils is made possible by the cold spray method, wherein the aforementioned method steps several times, in particular as often as can be repeated to provide multi-or multi-layer bobbins with electrical contact between the individual conductor layers available.

In a preferred development of the present invention, niobium titanium (NbTi) or else niobium tantalum is sprayed alternately with copper as the material with a high resistance, in particular as an insulating layer or as an insulating layer, to form the (supra) conductor layers, in particular the HTSC layers. In this way, a compact and stable superconducting coil is provided.

In particular when using nanoparticles or nanoparticles as particles or particles to be grown on the substrate or molding, good mixing of the particles or particles incorporated into the layer formed is ensured within this layer; In this way, both the conductor layer or Conductor layer and the insulation layer or insulation layer each formed particularly consistent and stable.

According to an expedient embodiment of the present invention, the substrate or molded part has a microstructure or microstructure which corresponds at least approximately to the microstructure or microstructural texture of a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC). In other words, this means that the microstructure or structural texture of the substrate or molded part can be transferred to the adhering particles or particles.

The coating or layer formed from the particles or particles present in the cold gas jet thus has a microstructure or microstructure which is determined by the structure of the substrate or molded part on which the layer grows.

Although the structured or textured substrate is no longer available for layer formation as the layer structure progresses, the already applied particles or particles have the desired microstructure or microstructure, so that they too can serve as a substrate for further impinging particles, which in turn provide the desired Microstructure or structural texture preserved.

Insofar as the microstructure or structural texture of the substrate or molded part has not yet been completely transferred to the coating, this transfer can be completed by at least one diffusion process which is initiated by at least one advantageously preparable heat treatment of the coated substrate or molded part and / or can be supported.

As a result, the quality of, for example, the HTSC layer can advantageously be improved, for which purpose at least one heating device for carrying out such a heat treatment after application of the particles can be provided according to the device. Consequently, the superconducting properties, in particular the high-temperature superconducting properties, can be regenerated after the spraying by a targeted heat treatment.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, at least one reactive gas, in particular oxygen, can be added to the gas jet, which is incorporated into the, in particular further, carrier layer and / or into the, in particular further, conductor layer. In this way, the producible layer or layer variety can be increased in an appropriate manner, because with the possibility of supplying at least one reactive gas is another optional parameter for influencing the running process added.

The present invention further relates to a multilayer coil formed as a compact block or as a stable structure, produced by the method according to the kind set forth above and / or with the device according to the kind set forth above.

• von, insbesondere supraleitenden, Rotoren und/oder Statoren, insbesondere für Elektromotoren, oder
• von leitenden, insbesondere supraleitenden, Spulen, insbesondere für M[agnetic]R[esonance]I[maging]-Geräte oder für N[uclear]M[agnetic]R[esonance]-Geräte.

Finally, the present invention relates to the use of a method according to the kind set out above and / or at least one device according to the type of manufacturing set out above

• of, in particular superconducting, rotors and / or stators, in particular for electric motors, or
• of conducting, in particular superconducting, coils, in particular for M [agnetic] R [esonance] I [maging] devices or for N [uclear] M [agnetic] R [esonance] devices.

As a result, simplified manufacturability and improved compared to the prior art product properties of electrical conductors and coils, in particular of superconducting coils, for example, high-temperature superconducting coils guaranteed. In such coils, the method according to the present invention as well as the device according to the present invention can provide a plurality of conductor layers and provide conductive connections between the individual conductor layers.

Brief description of the drawings

As already discussed above, there are various possibilities for embodying and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, on the one hand to the claim 1 and the claim 7 subordinate Claims, on the other hand, further embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention will be described below, inter alia, with reference to the Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment explained in more detail.

Fig. 1

in schematischer Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Vorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, die nach dem Verfahren gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung arbeitet;

Fig. 2A bis Fig. 2H

in schematischer Darstellung (oberer Teil der Fig. 2A bis Fig. 2D perspektivisch, unterer Teil der Fig. 2A bis Fig. 2D im Teilquerschnitt; Fig. 2E bis Fig. 2H im Teilquerschnitt) ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Abfolge der Schritte des Verfahrens gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung; und

Fig. 3

in schematischer Teilquerschnittdarstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel für ein gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung hergestelltes Verfahrensprodukt gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.

Gleiche oder ähnliche Ausgestaltungen, Elemente oder Merkmale sind in Fig. 1 bis
Fig. 3 mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen.It shows:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention;

Fig. 2A to Fig. 2H

in a schematic representation (upper part of Fig. 2A to Fig. 2D in perspective, lower part of the Fig. 2A to Fig. 2D in partial cross section; FIGS. 2E to 2H in partial cross-section) an embodiment of the sequence of steps of the method according to the present invention; and

Fig. 3

a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a prepared according to the present invention process product according to the present invention.

Same or similar embodiments, elements or features are in Fig. 1 to
Fig. 3 provided with identical reference numerals.

Best way to carry out the present invention

A suitable for operating the method according to the invention, based Fig. 1 illustrated device has a vacuum chamber 4, in which a substrate 5 can be placed in front of the nozzle of a cold gas spray gun 3 (the placement of the base material or substrate 5 before the cold gas spray gun 3 by means of a in Fig. 1 only for reasons of clarity of presentation not shown).

To carry out the coating of the workpiece or the production of the molded part 5, the vacuum chamber 4 is evacuated and generated by the cold gas spray gun 3, a gas jet, are fed into the particles for coating the workpiece or for the production of the molding 5.

In this case, the main gas stream, for example a helium-nitrogen mixture with about forty vol .-% of helium, passes via the gas supply line 1 into the vacuum chamber 4; the spray particles pass in the auxiliary gas flow via the supply line 2 in the vacuum chamber 4, in which a pressure of about forty millibars prevails, and there in the cold gas spray gun 3. The leads 1, 2 are for this purpose led into the vacuum chamber 4, in which both the cold gas spray gun 3 and the molding 5 is located. The entire cold gas spraying process thus takes place in the vacuum chamber 4.

The particles are accelerated so much by the cold gas jet that adhesion of the particles on the surface of the substrate 5 to be coated is achieved by converting the kinetic energy of the particles. The particles can be additionally heated, the heating of which is limited in such a way that the melting temperature of the particles is not reached (this circumstance contributes to the term cold gas spraying).

The carrier gas, which sprays together with the spray particles from the spray gun 3 during cold gas spraying and carries the spray particles to the workpiece 5, passes into the vacuum chamber 4 after the injection process. The used carrier gas is removed via the gas line 6 from the vacuum chamber 4 by means of the vacuum pump 8. Between the vacuum chamber 4 and the vacuum pump 8, the particulate filter 7 is switched, the free spray particles removed from the spent carrier gas to reliably prevent the solid particles damage the pump 8.

By the way Fig. 1 illustrated cold gas spraying can be a broad choice of materials, ie electrical non-conductors, electrical low-voltage conductors, electrical conductors and also electrical superconductors as well as electrical Hochtemperatirsupraleiter on the base material 5 apply. Due to the high speed of the sprayed particles, layers are formed whose properties are similar to those of cast or rolled materials.

Instead of making a wire or winding a coil can according to Fig. 1 the entire structure of a coil are sprayed onto the bobbin 5, so a copper matrix, superconductor tracks and insulation material. By Corresponding shape and guiding of the carrier material 5 coils can be produced in any form and completely compact and stable, for example in the form of a stable block or a compact pad.

As insulating material (with relatively high resistance) can be used in Fig. 1 Copper can be sprayed alternately with niobium titanium (NbTi) or even niobium tantalum as a superconducting material to form a superconducting coil.

The quality of this superconducting coil, in particular this high-temperature superconducting coil, can be determined by means of a (in Fig. 1 merely for reasons of clarity of illustration not shown) increase heater for performing a heat treatment. Consequently, the superconducting properties, in particular the high-temperature superconducting properties, can be regenerated after the spraying by such a targeted heat treatment.

In the Fig. 1 According to the method, in particular, in the manufacture of, for example, superconducting rotors and stators of electric motors, and in particular in the manufacture of, in particular rotationally symmetric, coils for M [agnetic] R [esonance] I [maging] devices or for N [uclear] M [agnetic] R [esonance] devices are used.

The sequence of method steps according to the present invention will be described Fig. 2A to Fig. 2H explains:

To one based Fig. 3 For example, in order to manufacture multi-layer or multi-layer coil 100, for coating the surface of a magnetic substrate or magnetic molding 5 functioning as a base material (see FIG. Fig. 2A ), which has a microstructure or structural texture which corresponds approximately to the microstructure or structural texture of a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC), by means of cold gas spraying carrier particles with electrically weakly conductive or electrically insulating (= electrically non-conductive) property sprayed in unmelted state (see. Fig. 2B ).

Here, the carrier particles made of copper by means of the gas jet generated in the cold gas spray gun 3 from the nozzle 9 out to the surface of the substrate or Accelerated toward molding 5, adhere there by converting their kinetic energy and thus form a carrier layer 15 in the form of a copper matrix.

Then, to coat the copper matrix 15 by means of cold gas spraying, conductive particles having an electrically (high-temperature) superconducting property are sprayed in unmelted state (cf. Fig. 2C ). In this case, the conductor particles of niobium titanium (NbTi) or of niobium tantalum are accelerated out of the nozzle 9 out of the nozzle 9 toward the copper matrix 15, adhere there with conversion of their kinetic energy and thus form a conductor layer 25.

The conductor layer 25 is by means of mechanical processing means 10, namely machined (see. Fig. 2D ), or by laser into a helical conductor 25 'transformed. This process step thus causes a, in particular mechanical, separation of the superconducting wires or interconnect within the conductor layer 25 by means of recesses or grooves located therebetween.

The caused by laser processing or trimming or stockpiling strip 25 'is by cold gas spraying further carrier particles to form a further carrier layer 15 embedded (see. Fig. 2E ).

• zunächst durch diejenige Trägerlage 15, die an die elektrisch leitend zu verbindende Leiterlage 25 angrenzt, eine stichlochförmige oder zylinderförmige Ausnehmung 19 mechanisch bereitgestellt wird, zum Beispiel mittels eines Bohrers 11 eingebracht wird (vgl. Fig. 2F), und
• sodann aus der Düse 9 Leiterpartikel in ungeschmolzenem Zustand in die Ausnehmung 19 gesprüht werden, so dass die Ausnehmung 19 mittels Kaltgasspritzens unter Bildung der Verbindung 20 mit elektrisch supraleitendem Material ausgefüllt wird (vgl. Fig. 2G).

To the conductor 25 ', an electrically superconducting compound 20 is provided by the manner of a taphole spraying method

• initially by the carrier layer 15 which adjoins the electrically conductive conductor layer 25 to be connected, a pierced hole-shaped or cylindrical recess 19 is mechanically provided, for example by means of a drill 11 is introduced (see. Fig. 2F ), and
• Then sprayed from the nozzle 9 conductor particles in the unmelted state in the recess 19, so that the recess 19 is filled by means of cold gas spraying to form the compound 20 with electrically superconducting material (see. Fig. 2G ).

After forming the electrically superconducting connection 20, the further carrier layer 15 together with the connection 20 is coated by means of cold gas spraying from the nozzle 9 with conductor particles to form a further conductor layer 25 (cf. Fig. 2H ). Also, this further conductor layer 25 is by means of mechanical processing means 10, namely machined, or by laser in a further helical conductor 25 'reshaped (see. Fig. 2D analogous). This method step thus causes a, in particular mechanical, separation of the superconducting wires or interconnect within the further conductor layer 25 by means of recesses or grooves lying therebetween, this further interconnect 25 'being connected to the adjoining or adjacent (for example with respect to FIGS Fig. 3 overlying) conductor 25 'is electrically superconducting connected by the connection 20.

The basis Fig. 2D . Fig. 2E, Fig. 2F, Fig. 2G, Fig. 2H illustrated sequence of method steps for providing further conductor layers 25 is repeated six times; In this case, the further conductor layers 25 are in each case converted into further strip conductors 25 ', the electrically superconducting connections 20 being alternately generated at the opposite lateral edges of the further strip conductors 25' in order in this way to provide a continuous electrical connection between the innermost strip conductor 25 'and the outermost trace 25 'to provide.

• als supraleitender Rotor und/oder Stator für einen Elektromotor oder
• als supraleitende Spule für ein M[agnetic]R[esonance]I[maging]-Gerät oder für ein N[uclear]M[agnetic]R[esonance]-Gerät

eingesetzt werden kann.At the end of the manufacturing process, a rotationally symmetrical seven-layer coil 100 designed as a compact block or as a stable structure (cf. Fig. 3 ), the

• as superconducting rotor and / or stator for an electric motor or
• as a superconducting coil for a M [agnetic] R [esonance] I [maging] device or for a N [uclear] M [agnetic] R [esonance] device

can be used.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

gas supply

2

supply

3

Cold gas spray gun with nozzle 9

4

vacuum chamber

5

Substrate, in particular magnetic substrate, or molded part, in particular magnetic molded part, or base material, in particular magnetic base material

6

gas pipe

7

particulate Filter

8th

vacuum pump

9

Nozzle of the cold gas spray gun 3

10

mechanical processing means, in particular chip removal, or laser

11

mechanical processing means, in particular drills

15

Carrier layer, in particular further carrier layer, for example copper matrix, such as further copper matrix

19

Recess, in particular punctiform or cylindrical recess

20

electrically conductive, in particular electrically superconducting, compound

25

Conductor position, in particular further conductor position

25 '

Trace, in particular further trace

100

multi-layered, in particular rotationally symmetrical, coil, for example, as a compact block or as a stable structure formed multi-layer coil

Claims (8)

1. Method for manufacturing a multilayer coil (100), wherein

   [a.1] in order to form at least one carrier layer (15) by means of cold gas spraying carrier particles which have, at least to a certain extent, the property of being a poor electrical conductor or an electrical insulator, are sprayed, at least in certain areas, onto the surface of at least one, in particular magnetic, substrate or at least, in particular magnetic, shaped part (5),

   [a.2] and also form at least one conductor layer (25) by means of cold gas spraying conductor particles which have, at least to a certain extent, the property of being an electrical conductor, in particular an electrical supraconductor, are sprayed, at least in certain areas, onto the carrier layer (15),

   [a.3] the conductor layer (25) is shaped by means of mechanical processing (10), in particular in a metal-cutting fashion, or by laser, into at least one, in particular helical, conductor track (25'),

   [b.1] the conductor track (25') is embedded by spraying on further carrier particles to form at least one further carrier layer (15),

   [b.2] conductor particles are sprayed onto the further carrier layer (15) to form at least one further conductor layer (25),

   [b.3] the further conductor layer (25) is shaped into at least one, in particular helical, further conductor track (25') by means of mechanical processing (10), in particular in a metal-cutting fashion or by laser, and

   [c] at least one electrically conductive, in particular electrically supraconductive connection (20) is made available to the, in particular, further conductor layer (25), for example to the, in particular, further, conductor track (25'), or
   between at least two adjacent layers of the, in particular, further conductor layers (25), for example between at least two adjacent tracks of the, in particular, further, conductor tracks (25'),
   wherein the method steps [b.1], [b.2], [b.3], [c]

   - for making available further conductor layers (25) can be initiated repeatedly, in particular as often as possible, and/or

   - for shaping the further conductor layers (25) into further conductor tracks (25') can occur in any desired sequence, in particular the method step (c) can occur between the method step [b.1] and the method step [b.2].
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive connection (20) takes place in the manner of a taphole spray method, in particular in that

   - at least one cutout (19) is mechanically made available (11) in the carrier layer (15) adjacent to the conductor layer (25) which is to be connected in an electrically conductive fashion, for example at least one cutout (19) is drilled through the carrier layer (19), and

   - the cutout (19) is filled with electrically conductive, in particular electrically supraconductive material, for example conductor particles are sprayed into the cutout (19).
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2 characterized

   - in that the property of being a poor electrical conductor or an electrical insulator is made available by means of copper (Cu), and/or

   - in that the property of being an electrical conductor, in particular an electrical supraconductor, is made available by niobium-titanium (NbTi) or by niobium-tantalum,

   -- wherein the conductive particles can at least partially contain the chemical components of at least one high-temperature supraconductor (HTSL) and/or

   -- wherein the substrate or shaped part (5) can have a structure or texture which corresponds at least approximately to the structure or texture of a high-temperature supraconductor (HTSL).
4. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   nanoparticles are used

   - as carrier particles and/or

   - as conductor particles.
5. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that during the cold gas spraying at least one reactor gas, in particular oxygen, is added to the gas jet, which gas is integrated into the, in particular further, carrier layer (15) and/or into the, in particular further, conductor layer (25).
6. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that after the application of the carrier particles and/or or of the conductor particles, at least one thermal treatment of the coated substrate or shaped part (5) is carried out.
7. Multilayer coil (100) which is embodied as a compact block or as a stable structure, manufactured according to the method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of a method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6 for manufacturing

   - in particular supraconductive rotors and/or stators, in particular for electric motors, or

   - conductive, in particular supraconductive, coils, in particular for M[agnetic]R[esonance]I[maging] devices or for N[uclear]M[agnetic]R[esonance] devices.

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