EP2315926A1 - Procede de reduction des emissions polluantes d'un moteur a combustion interne et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents
Procede de reduction des emissions polluantes d'un moteur a combustion interne et dispositif correspondantInfo
- Publication number
- EP2315926A1 EP2315926A1 EP09784456A EP09784456A EP2315926A1 EP 2315926 A1 EP2315926 A1 EP 2315926A1 EP 09784456 A EP09784456 A EP 09784456A EP 09784456 A EP09784456 A EP 09784456A EP 2315926 A1 EP2315926 A1 EP 2315926A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- engine
- tank
- vehicle
- cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
- F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
- F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
- F01N3/326—Engine-driven air pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B21/00—Engines characterised by air-storage chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/44—Passages conducting the charge from the pump to the engine inlet, e.g. reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
- F02B37/164—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0276—Actuation of an additional valve for a special application, e.g. for decompression, exhaust gas recirculation or cylinder scavenging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1448—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an exhaust gas pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N9/00—Starting of engines by supplying auxiliary pressure fluid to their working chambers
- F02N9/04—Starting of engines by supplying auxiliary pressure fluid to their working chambers the pressure fluid being generated otherwise, e.g. by compressing air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
- F02B39/12—Drives characterised by use of couplings or clutches therein
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0414—Air temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0814—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
- F02N11/0818—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
- F02N11/0822—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode related to action of the driver
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a method for reducing the pollution due to the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and a device for carrying out the method.
- the invention is more particularly in the management mode of thermal engine vehicles and hybrid heat engines, provided with an oxidation catalyst or a trifunctional catalyst in the exhaust line to reduce pollutant emissions.
- Engine exhaust gases include unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO and NO 2 ) and soot (mainly in the case of a diesel engine) as primary pollutants.
- NO and NO 2 nitrogen oxides
- soot mainly in the case of a diesel engine
- These catalytic converters well known in themselves, comprise a catalyst system which is intended to oxidize unburned hydrocarbons as well as carbon monoxide and to reduce the nitrogen oxides. These catalytic converters have proved effective, having conversion rates of about 95%.
- the action of the catalyst system starts only from a relatively high temperature of the order of 200 ° C. and is optimal only at temperatures of the order of 45 ° C. cold starts of vehicles, of course, the catalytic converter is at a temperature well below 200 0 C and is therefore inactive. It is the heat of the exhaust that will gradually increase the catalyst system temperature to the value required to make it effective. Throughout this period of chemical inactivity of the catalyst system (which lasts between 30 and 80 seconds) 80% of the polluting emissions recorded over a European homologation cycle of total duration 20 min are produced. It is therefore understandable interest for automakers to reduce the boot time of the catalyst system.
- One solution to reduce this priming time is to make an exhaust air injection (IAE), that is to say to introduce air at room temperature into the exhaust line of the vehicle during the cold phase, that is to say the operating phase of the engine before the catalytic converter catalyst system comes into action.
- IAE exhaust air injection
- a fuel-rich air-fuel mixture is fed into the engine cylinders to produce exhaust gases richer in carbon monoxide than in normal operating mode.
- the oxygen of the air sent into the exhaust line makes it possible to oxidize the carbon monoxide thus produced in excess.
- the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide is triggered at a lower temperature than that of the other reducing species in the presence, the increase in catalyst temperature is accelerated by this preferential exothermic reaction.
- the exhaust air injection (IAE) can be provided by a dedicated pump, as in US Pat. No. 5,410,872, or can be provided by the same compressor as that used for the supercharging of the engine, as in the patent application
- the first solution requires the investment of a specific equipment (the pump).
- the available air flow for the IAE is limited by the flow of the supercharger, which must simultaneously provide the air supply of the engine.
- the patent application FR 2670837 proposes to use the same secondary air pump for the supercharging of the engine and for the IAE.
- a pressurized air tank is supplied by the pump before starting the start - up procedure.
- the total air flow required for the IAE and the supercharging is then ensured by the pump assisted by the preconditioned air reserve.
- the invention proposes, in order to reduce the catalyst initiation time, to first start the vehicle by means other than the combustion engine.
- the motor is operated in thermal mode. Since high-speed operation of the engine is more exothermic than the idle speed, which is the usual first step in starting a combustion engine, the warmer exhaust gases quickly bring the catalyst to its priming temperature, thus reducing the amount of fuel required. of polluting species emitted.
- the catalyst initiation phase lasts in these conditions only about ten seconds, which reduces the pollutant emissions of about 70% compared to a conventional catalyst priming cycle.
- a sufficient engine rotation speed can be achieved for example by starting the vehicle by electric propulsion or by pneumatic propulsion.
- the threshold speed of engine rotation Once the threshold speed of engine rotation reached, it starts to actuate the engine in thermal mode, enjoying a reduced priming time of the catalyst.
- a starting of the vehicle which can be described as "rapid-priming tire”
- the tank contains a sufficient supply of air.
- the storable air reserve for a tourism type vehicle generally remains of the order of one kilogram of air, or even is limited to a quantity close to 500 grams of air.
- the reserve of air in the tank may fall below the minimum level necessary to ensure such a start of the "fast-start pneumatic" vehicle.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method of managing a thermal-pneumatic hybrid engine equipped with a catalyst that makes it possible to limit the vehicle's polluting emissions by optimizing the use of the available air reserve.
- the invention proposes a method for reducing the polluting emissions of an internal combustion engine, provided with an exhaust line equipped with a catalyst and provided with at least one pressurized air tank. The movement of the vehicle from a stopped position is initially performed:
- the engine is started by injecting into the engine cylinders a fuel-rich air-fuel mixture, so that to obtain after combustion of the mixture in the engine cylinders, a gas rich in carbon monoxide, and regulating the amount of air injected into the exhaust line so as to oxidize a fraction as high as possible of this carbon monoxide .
- the air under pressure in the tank is at least partly fed by time intervals while receiving the air having been compressed by at least one piston of the engine of the vehicle.
- the pressurized air in the tank is, at least in part, fed at intervals by means of a compressor on board the vehicle. .
- the air under pressure in the tank is at least partly fed at intervals by receiving air which has successively undergone compression by the compressor and then by at least one piston of the engine of the vehicle.
- the compressor is inactive at intervals of time during propulsion phases of the vehicle, and the compressor is active at intervals during periods of deceleration or braking of the vehicle.
- the air under pressure in the tank is used at intervals to supply air to the engine cylinders during operation of the engine in partially or totally thermal mode.
- an internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder is equipped
- a pressurized air tank capable of storing air, connected directly or indirectly to said air supply duct, and connected directly to said cylinder by a direct duct,
- An electronic control unit capable of managing the operation of the engine alternately either exclusively pneumatic mode or fully or partially thermal mode.
- the electronic control unit is furthermore capable of controlling, during at least one thermal operating mode of the engine, an injection of air coming from the tank and arriving in the exhaust line without having undergone the successive phases of compression.
- - combustion in a cylinder In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a disengageable compressor is disposed between the air intake and the supply duct.
- the air tank is connected to the exhaust line by a duct opening upstream of the catalyst.
- the path of the air injected from the reservoir to the exhaust line passes through a valve controlled by the electronic control unit, associated with a pressure sensor connected to the electronic control unit, or in which this path air successively passes through a pressure regulator constant pressure, then a flow controller controlled by the electronic control unit.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram, in cross section, of a motorization system according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram, in cross section, of an alternative motorization system according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a motorization system 1 comprising at least one cylinder 2, a tank 3 for storing air or gas under pressure, and a compressor 4 supplying air to the cylinder 2 and the tank 3.
- a single cylinder has been shown, but the drive system may comprise several cylinders, for example four cylinders, with or without the same types of ducts and valves as the cylinder shown in FIG.
- the engine system 1 is here a thermal engine diesel type, that is to say, self-ignition compression, but could be any type of internal combustion engine, for example a spark ignition engine. It may be a four-stroke, two-stroke engine, or a motor operating in four-stroke and two-stroke periods, as in US6223846.
- the suction and the discharge of the compressor 4 are respectively connected to an atmospheric air inlet 5 and to a supply pipe 6, which connects this compressor 4 to a three-way valve 7.
- the valve 7 also communicates with the reservoir 3 through a conduit 12, and communicates with the combustion chamber 8 through an intake duct 20. Via this valve 7, the discharge of the compressor 4, the reservoir 3 and the combustion chamber 8 of the cylinder 2 can be placed in communication with each other, or be isolated from the other two elements.
- the combustion chamber 8 and the tank 3 can also be placed in communication via a direct duct 9 provided with a variable lift and / or spreading valve 10.
- variable lift valve is meant a valve which can be operated by example by electronic control, according to a variable degree of opening.
- variable spreading valve is meant a valve which can be opened or closed, for example by electronic control, at any time during a revolution of the engine, for a duration that can be different at each opening / closing .
- the opening and closing cycles of these variable lift or spreading valves are not directly related to the position of other mechanical elements of the engine.
- the valve 10 is coupled to an actuator 10a, which can maneuver to a position of opening of the direct duct 9 or let it be recalled by a not shown elastic member, to a closed position of this duct.
- This actuator is controlled by an electronic control unit 13 through a connection January 1.
- a gas discharge conduit 14 connects the combustion chamber 8 to an exhaust line 15 which takes the gases expelled from the cylinder 2 out of the engine system 1 through a catalyst 16.
- a conduit 37 exhaust gas injection, or IAE duct connects the tank 3 to the exhaust line 15.
- the exhaust duct 14 and the duct IAE 37 join the exhaust line 15 to a triple junction 42.
- a valve 38 In the path of the exhaust injection duct 37 is a valve 38 controlled by the ECU 13 through a connection 39.
- the pilot valve 38 can be replaced by a pressure reducer at constant pressure located on the duct 37 at the outlet of the tank 3, followed by a flow regulator placed on the same duct 37, and controlled by the ECU.
- the combustion chamber 8 comprises an inlet valve 22, arranged to open or close the inlet duct 20, and an exhaust valve 23, arranged so as to open or close the exhaust duct 14
- the opening and closing of the valves 22 and 23 may be cyclically caused by a camshaft (not shown).
- the valves 22 and 23 may also be variable lift and / or spreading valves controlled by the ECU 13.
- the electronic control unit 13 receives, via an electronic bus 30 of the CAN bus type, information on the operation of the vehicle, in particular the operating point of the motor (torque and rotational speed of the motor), as well as the information coming from the control station.
- control (not shown) of the driver ie data such as the position of the brake pedal, the accelerator pedal, the gear lever ...
- the control unit 13 also receives via a connection 31, the pressure value inside the tank 3 measured by a pressure sensor 34, receives by a connection 32, the value of the temperature measured inside the tank 3 by a temperature sensor 35, and receives by a connection 33, the pressure value measured by a pressure sensor 36 in the duct 37 downstream of the valve 38.
- a connecting rod 25 couples the piston 19 to a crankshaft 26, which is able or not to rotate the compressor 4, depending on the state (engaged or disengaged) of a clutch 27 disposed between the crankshaft
- the clutch 27 is driven by the ECU 13 through a connection 28.
- the compressor 4 may or may not be a turbocharger driven in rotation by the exhaust gases of the engine system 1.
- the crankshaft 26 is assembled to a flywheel 40, which can be secured in rotation by a clutch
- the three-way valve 7 can put the exhaust of the compressor 4, the combustion chamber 8 and the tank 3 in communication two by two, so as to allow the air supply of the combustion chamber 8 by the compressor 4, or the filling of the tank 3 by the combustion chamber 8, or even the supply of compressed air to the same combustion chamber 8 via the tank 3.
- the three-way valve 7 can also simultaneously communicate the exhaust of the compressor. 4, the combustion chamber 8 and the reservoir 3, so as to allow the compressor 4 to supply compressed air at the same time to the combustion chamber 8 and to the tank 3.
- the rotation of the engine that is to say the rotation of the crankshaft 26 can be done by the displacement of the various pistons 19 of the engine in their respective cylinders 2, and transmitted by the connecting rod 25 to the crankshaft: these are the operating modes of the "propulsion" type of the engine.
- the rotation of the engine can also be caused by the driving wheels of the vehicle, which transmit their torque via the clutch 41 to the flywheel 40 and then to the crankshaft
- the motorization system 1 can operate according to a first type of engine brake mode, called “pump” mode, which allows the air filling of the pressure vessel 3.
- This "pump” mode consists in converting part of the kinetic energy recovered. when braking or decelerating the vehicle into stored energy in the form of a pressurization of air stored in the reservoir 3.
- the compressor 4 and the piston 19 driven by the kinetic energy and / or potential vehicle compresses air that is directed to the tank 3 to be stored under pressure. More specifically, the air is compressed by the compressor 4 before being admitted into the combustion chamber 8 when the intake valve 22 is in the open position and the movement of the piston 19 is effected in the direction of an increase in the volume of the combustion chamber 8.
- the air entering the combustion chamber 8 is then compressed by the piston 19 driven towards the cylinder head 18 while the valves 10 , 22 and 23 are all in the closed position.
- the filling of the tank 3 takes place via the direct duct 9 which the opening of the valve 10 has put in communication with the combustion chamber 8.
- the air stored in the tank 3 can be at a pressure greater than the maximum pressure that can be delivered by the compressor 4.
- the motorization system 1 can operate in a second main mode, propulsion type, called "thermal" mode, which allows to produce a work engine driving the vehicle. Air is admitted into the combustion chamber 8 while the piston
- the injector 21 introduces a predefined quantity of fuel into the combustion chamber 8.
- the air-fuel mixture is then compressed by the piston 19.
- the fuel Compression follows a combustion followed by a motor relaxation re-moving the piston
- a second mode of propulsion type makes it possible to produce a motor drive work of the vehicle and, at the same time, to fill the tank 3 with air.
- the air admitted into the combustion chamber 8 after being compressed by the compressor 4 is further compressed by the piston 19.
- valve 10 is closed while the compression by the piston 19 is not completed.
- the combustion chamber 8 at the end of the compression and a fuel injection by the injector 21, involves a combustion followed by a driving relaxation, then an evacuation of the burnt gases via the evacuation conduit 14 placed in communication with the combustion chamber 8 by the opening of the exhaust valve 23.
- the latter can also be supplied directly with compressed air through the duct 12 by the compressor 4, the valve three channels 7 having put in communication conduits 6 and 12.
- this reserve of pressurized air stored in the tank 3 can be used to operate the drive system in a supercharged thermal propulsion mode in which, during each intake phase, the combustion chamber 8 is supplied with air coming directly from the compressor 4, then with air supplied by the tank 3 at a pressure greater than that at the exhaust of this compressor 4.
- Increasing the quantity of air thus supplied to the cylinder 2 is accompanied by an increase in the quantity of fuel injected and then burned in this cylinder 2, hence a momentary increase in the power produced, an increase in power greater than that which one would have by performing the supercharging of the engine system using the only compressor.
- the cylinder 2 can also operate in thermal mode without supercharging or reduced supercharging, that is to say by receiving air at the outlet pressure of the compressor 4, without making use of the reserve of air present in the 3.
- pressurized air from tank 3 may also be supplied to cylinder 2 without being accompanied by fuel injection.
- the reserve of air under pressure in the tank 3 serves only as a store of potential energy, part of which is drawn to be converted into work by the cylinder 2.
- the tank 3 supplies compressed air to the combustion chamber 8, when the piston 19 is at the high point. This air produces a motor work by moving the piston 19 in the opposite direction to the cylinder head 18. It is then discharged through the exhaust duct 14 as flue gases would be evacuated during the operation of the engine system in thermal mode.
- This operating mode can be used to rotate the engine initially at a standstill. Once the engine 1 and the flywheel 40 in rotation, by injecting fuel into the cylinders 2 and changing the opening cycles of the valves, including the valve 23, one can switch to the engine thermal operation mode. Thanks to the inertia in motion of the flywheel 40, the first cycles of admission and compression of fuel mixture can be ensured in the cylinders. The first engine revolutions made in the pneumatic mode thus play the traditional role of an electric starter. The advantage of this starting mode is to use energy recovered during the braking or deceleration phases of the vehicle. The storage efficiency of the deceleration energies in pneumatic form is higher than the storage efficiency of these energies in electrical form by means of an alternator-starter.
- this pneumatic mode of operation can also be used not only to set the motor in motion, decoupled by the clutch 41 of the transmission system, but can also be used subsequently to set the vehicle in motion by closing clutch 41, until the engine speed reaches a prescribed speed or until the air reserve falls below a prescribed threshold.
- the ECU sends the necessary signals, in particular to the injector 21 (and to the equivalent injectors present on the other pistons of the motorization system 1), to the valve 10 (which then, possibly, office charge valve), the clutch 27 for actuating the compressor 4.
- the transition from one mode of operation of the engine 1 to another mode of operation is controlled by the ECU 13, in particular as a function of the values received from the pressure sensors 34, 36 and the temperature sensor 35, in particular. function of requests from the driver arriving from the cockpit, and according to other parameters of the vehicle arriving at the ECU via the CAN bus 30.
- the ECU From the values received from the pressure and temperature sensors 34 and 35, the ECU deduces the air mass present in the tank 3. Based on vehicle operating data such as the engine rotation speed and engine torque, as well as the wheel speed, for example, the ECU deduces whether the vehicle is in propulsion phase at constant speed, or is in active acceleration phase, or is in the deceleration or braking phase.
- the ECU selects the most favorable operating mode following a programmed optimization strategy whose details are not described here.
- the UCE then imposes the most favorable mode of operation by controlling the fuel injectors 21 of the various cylinders of the engine, and by controlling the air inlets and outlets between the different cylinders 2 of the engine and the tank 3, through the valves 10, 22, 23 and valves 7 and 38.
- the pump mode is activated, and the pneumatic mode is used as much as possible during the starting of the engine, sometimes also to propel the vehicle, according to the air supply available.
- the ECU 13 can control the disengagement of the clutch 27 to prevent the compressor 4 from consuming energy delivered by the piston 19 at the crankshaft 26.
- the UCE can arbitrate such a clutch for example when the drive system operates in pneumatic mode, or when the filling level of the tank 3 ensures an air supply of the cylinder 2 from this only tank.
- variants of the system described in Figure 1 make it possible to overcome the presence of the duct 9 and its intake valve 10.
- the valve 22 is a variable lift valve controlled by the ECU 13
- the filling of the reservoir 3 in "pump" mode of operation of the motorization system can be done through the ducts 20 and 12 instead of being made through the duct 9.
- the valve 7 After the phase of admission of air into the cylinder via the ducts 6 and 20, the valve 7 then closes the communication with the duct 6 during the compression phase of the piston and the filling air of the tank 3 passes through the inlet valve 22 open for this purpose, then through the conduit 20, the three way valve 7 and the conduit 12.
- a similar configuration is used when the tank 3 must supply air to the cylinder 2, either during operation in "pneumatic" mode, or during the engine cycle during operation in "highly supercharged” mode, the variable lift valve 22 then making it possible to regulate the amount of air sent from the tank 3 towards the cylinder 2.
- the motorization system may be devoid of compressor 4.
- the air inlet to the cylinder 2 is then at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, through the ducts 6 and 20.
- the air arriving at the tank 3 is then compressed by the work of the single piston 19 (and its counterparts on the other cylinders of the engine).
- control unit receives a request to start the vehicle, for example sent by the driver by pressing a start button of the control station (not shown) of the vehicle.
- the control unit analyzes the values received from the pressure sensor 34 and the temperature sensor 35, and calculates the mass of air present in the tank.
- the ECU sends the signals necessary for the combustion chambers 8 to arrive at quantities of air and fuel corresponding to the mode thermal operation of the engine.
- the ECU simultaneously sends the signals necessary for the motor to be rotated, either in pneumatic mode, or by an electric starter, to ensure the first cycles of admission and compression of gas-fuel mixture in the combustion chambers 8.
- the ECU also sends the signals necessary to trigger an exhaust air injection: depending on the composition of the air-fuel mixture entering the cylinders, the ECU evaluates the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust gas, and calculates the flow of air to be injected from the tank 3 to oxidize a fraction as high as possible of this carbon monoxide.
- the ECU drives the opening of the valve 38 to obtain in the exhaust line 15, the calculated air flow, for the necessary duration.
- the amount of air sufficient to prime the catalyst by IAE can be calculated in advance, and defined as "IAE start threshold". This threshold may typically be from 100g to 200g air approximately for a tourism type vehicle.
- control unit detects that the air mass present in the tank is greater than the pneumatic start threshold, it waits for the driver to confirm his request for starting the vehicle (for example by putting a gear lever in position "automatic speed", releasing the brake pedal and depressing the accelerator pedal).
- the ECU sends the necessary signals for the engine to be rotated in the pneumatic mode and then for the clutch 41 of the vehicle to be closed, thus transmitting the torque of the engine 1 to the wheels motor vehicles (not shown).
- the ECU continues to drive the engine in pneumatic mode.
- the ECU implements an engine control according to the thermal mode.
- This pneumatic start threshold may be example of the order of 400 to 800 grams of air for a passenger vehicle.
- the predefined engine speed from which the thermal operating mode is switched over is chosen so that the quantity of polluting species emitted, between the moment of the transition to thermal mode and the catalyst initiation time, is sufficiently weak.
- This "low enough" level of polluting species can be chosen so that an exhaust air injection step is no longer essential to meet the objectives of maximum emission thresholds.
- the IAE When setting in motion "pneumatic fast priming" of the vehicle described above, the IAE can then either be completely omitted, or it can be reduced in duration and quantity of gas injected.
- the reserve threshold below which the ECU stops the propulsion in pneumatic mode it can for example be chosen so that the corresponding amount of air allows a launch of the single engine in pneumatic mode (without start-up of the vehicle), then allows an injection into the exhaust when switching to thermal operation mode of the engine.
- This reserve threshold may for example be about 150 to 300 grams of air for a light vehicle.
- control unit detects that the air mass present in the tank is below the pneumatic starting threshold
- several engine starting strategies can still be envisaged.
- Figure 2 is shown an alternative embodiment devoid of direct conduit 9 between the reservoir 3 and the cylinder 2.
- Figure 2 shows the main elements of Figure 1, which then bear the same references.
- the variant shown in FIG. 2 also has no means for directly connecting the compressor 4 with the tank 3, since it does not have the equivalent of the duct 12 and the three-way valve. 7.
- the pipe 15 is equipped with a valve 29 adapted to allow or not the passage of gas ducts 14 and 37 to the exhaust line 15. This valve 29 is controlled by the ECU 13 , through a connection not shown in the figure.
- the air inlet to the cylinder 2 from the compressor 4 is through the conduits 6 and 20 which communicate directly between them.
- the filling of the reservoir 3 is done through the cylinder 2, during the compression phase of the piston, the air being discharged through the conduits 14 and 37 to the reservoir 3, the valve 29 being in the closed position, the valve 23 -which is then a variable lift valve, and the valve 38 is in the open position.
- the valve 29 is open during the exhaust phases of the expanded air by the pneumatic propulsion mode, or the exhaust of the gases produced by the thermal propulsion modes.
- the exhaust air injection is made from the tank 3 through the duct 37, the flow of injected air being regulated by the ECU 13 by means of the valve 38 as a function of the pressure measured by the sensor 36.
- FIG 3 is shown an alternative embodiment incorporating the main elements of Figure 1, which then bear the same references.
- This embodiment variant does not comprise equivalents of the duct IAE 37.
- the air is injected into the exhaust through the duct 9, the cylinder 2, and ducts 14 and 15.
- the injection of air necessary to accelerate the priming of the catalyst is then by allowing the valve 10 the arrival of adequate amounts of air from the tank 3, for each expulsion phase of the exhaust gas, until the catalyst is primed.
- the pressure drop in the tank measured by the pressure sensor 34 allows the ECU to calculate the amount of air output from the tank, thus injected into the exhaust.
- the tank 3 can be replaced by two tanks in series.
- a first tank of reduced capacity (for example capable of storing about 5 liters of gas at approximately 20 bars of pressure) is then connected to the cylinders, to the air intake and to the exhaust line as described in FIG.
- a second tank of greater capacity (for example able to store about 50 liters of gas at about 10 bars of pressure) can be filled by the first tank through a conduit connecting the two tanks and a valve calibrated to a threshold pressure.
- the filling of a first small tank allows to have high pressure air, faster than filling a single large tank.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0855193A FR2934638B1 (fr) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Procede de reduction des emissions polluantes d'un moteur a combustion interne et dispositif correspondant |
| PCT/FR2009/051282 WO2010012921A1 (fr) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-02 | Procede de reduction des emissions polluantes d'un moteur a combustion interne et dispositif correspondant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2315926A1 true EP2315926A1 (fr) | 2011-05-04 |
Family
ID=40394302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09784456A Withdrawn EP2315926A1 (fr) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-02 | Procede de reduction des emissions polluantes d'un moteur a combustion interne et dispositif correspondant |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2315926A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2934638B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010012921A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2965582B1 (fr) * | 2010-10-05 | 2016-01-01 | Motor Development Int Sa | Moteur autodetendeur plurimodal a air comprime a chambre active incluse |
| FR2977914B1 (fr) * | 2011-07-13 | 2016-07-22 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede de fonctionnement d'un moteur thermique-pneumatique et moteur thermique-pneumatique |
| FR2992930B1 (fr) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-07-04 | Renault Sa | Procede d'utilisation d'un systeme de propulsion hybride d'un vehicule |
| FR3017160A1 (fr) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-08-07 | Antoine Zalcman | Dispositif de recuperation de l'energie cinetique d'un vehicule turbocompresse au freinage sous forme d'une reserve d'air comprime par obstruction contrôlee de l'echappement. |
| SE538553C2 (sv) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-09-13 | Freevalve Ab | Förbränningsmotor samt metod för motorbromsning hos en dylikförbränningsmotor |
| IT201800006592A1 (it) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-22 | Motore ad accensione comandata con stabilita’ di funzionamento e consumo specifico migliorati e metodo di alimentazione di detto motore |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR758370A (fr) | 1932-04-20 | 1934-01-15 | Isolant en filés de verre | |
| DE4041628A1 (de) | 1990-12-22 | 1992-07-02 | Daimler Benz Ag | Gemischverdichtende brennkraftmaschine mit sekundaerlufteinblasung und mit luftmassenmessung im saugrohr |
| AU7707794A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-18 | Tadashi Mochizai | Driving device using braking energy of a vehicle |
| JPH07102981A (ja) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-18 | Tadashi Mochihata | 車両の制動エネルギーの利用による2次空気の供給装置 |
| JPH07102991A (ja) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-18 | Tadashi Mochihata | 車両の制動エネルギーの利用による駆動装置 |
| US5410872A (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1995-05-02 | Ford Motor Company | Automotive engine having catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device and secondary air injection control system for minimum catalyst light-off time |
| US6223846B1 (en) | 1998-06-15 | 2001-05-01 | Michael M. Schechter | Vehicle operating method and system |
| DE19849914C1 (de) * | 1998-10-29 | 1999-11-04 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Brennkraftmaschine mit einem separat betätigbaren Zusatzventil im Zylinderkopf |
| EP1300558B1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 | 2005-03-09 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Moteur à combustion interne comprenant un pot catalytique |
| WO2004080744A1 (fr) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-23 | Thomas Tsoi-Hei Ma | Moteur hybride a air regeneratif |
| US6922997B1 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-08-02 | International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Engine based kinetic energy recovery system for vehicles |
| JP5390400B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-18 | 2014-01-15 | マック トラックス インコーポレイテッド | 内燃エンジンとエアモータのハイブリッド・システムおよび方法 |
-
2008
- 2008-07-29 FR FR0855193A patent/FR2934638B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-07-02 EP EP09784456A patent/EP2315926A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-07-02 WO PCT/FR2009/051282 patent/WO2010012921A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2934638B1 (fr) | 2011-04-29 |
| FR2934638A1 (fr) | 2010-02-05 |
| WO2010012921A1 (fr) | 2010-02-04 |
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