EP2308151A2 - Permanent magnet rotor, and rotating machine comprising such a rotor - Google Patents

Permanent magnet rotor, and rotating machine comprising such a rotor

Info

Publication number
EP2308151A2
EP2308151A2 EP09766073A EP09766073A EP2308151A2 EP 2308151 A2 EP2308151 A2 EP 2308151A2 EP 09766073 A EP09766073 A EP 09766073A EP 09766073 A EP09766073 A EP 09766073A EP 2308151 A2 EP2308151 A2 EP 2308151A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
recesses
shaft
recess
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09766073A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dominique Condamin
Michel Labonne
Patrick Camus
Stéphane Dufau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Moteurs Leroy Somer SA
Original Assignee
Moteurs Leroy Somer SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moteurs Leroy Somer SA filed Critical Moteurs Leroy Somer SA
Publication of EP2308151A2 publication Critical patent/EP2308151A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H02K1/2773—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets

Definitions

  • Rotor with permanent magnets and rotating machine comprising such a rotor
  • the present invention relates to electric rotating machines, in particular synchronous motors, and more particularly to a machine comprising a permanent magnet rotor with flux concentration.
  • the flux concentration rotors comprise a rotor mass in which magnets are housed, the latter being engaged in radially oriented housings.
  • An advantage of these rotors is the possibility of obtaining average inductions in the gap greater than the working induction of the magnets, which makes it possible to lower the cost of the machine by using magnets based on ferrites or to increase the compactness of the machine in the case of the use of rare earth magnets.
  • the magnetic poles located on either side of the magnets, can be totally separated magnetically, as described in EP 1 152 516 B1. It is then necessary to have a non-magnetic hub around the rotor shaft or a non-magnetic shaft. . Such a configuration complicates the implementation of the magnetic poles and the use of non-magnetic steel or aluminum to make the hub or the shaft is relatively expensive.
  • No. 5,684,352 teaches to connect the magnetic poles at their lower and upper ends with regions having undergone treatment rendering the nonmagnetic sheet locally. This solution involves the implementation of a relatively expensive heat treatment.
  • US Pat. No. 6,133,663 also discloses a rotor plate having recesses for reducing magnetic flux losses, these recesses each leading to two consecutive housings housing the permanent magnets, at the radially inner end of the housings.
  • the application FR 2 283 572 discloses a rotor plate which has recesses opening to the central opening for mounting on the shaft.
  • JP 2000-209798 discloses a rotor plate having a plurality of arcuate slots between permanent magnets. Slots oriented perpendicular to the median axes between the magnets limit the looping of the magnetic flux inwards. The orientation of these slots may affect the mechanical properties of the rotor at high rotational speeds because the sheet width around the shaft passage is relatively small. The slots extend into the gap between the magnets and the passage of the shaft. This angular overlap of the magnet and slot slots forces the magnets away from the shaft passage, which can limit the power of the magnets that can be used for a given rotor size.
  • the application US 2006/0290222 discloses a rotor plate having housings for permanent magnets, the sheet being devoid of recesses between the housing.
  • the present invention aims to meet this need and to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • a rotor with permanent flux concentration magnets comprising: a shaft extending along the axis of rotation of the rotor, a rotor mass disposed on the shaft , comprising: - a central opening for mounting it on the shaft, radially oriented housings, in which the permanent magnets are arranged, and in at least one, preferably each, angular interval separating two consecutive housings, at least one recess not opening to the central opening or to the two consecutive housings, this or these recesses situated in said gap occupying an angular extent around the rotor axis of rotation greater than half the angular extent of said gap.
  • Radially oriented housings may have an axis of greater size which coincides with a radius or not.
  • the larger axis may be parallel to a radius.
  • Such dwellings include dwellings for which the largest radial dimension of the dwelling is greater than the largest circumferential dimension of the dwelling (measured between two points at the same distance from the center, along a segment passing through these points and perpendicular to a bisecting ray).
  • the recess or recesses create areas between the permanent magnets where the magnetic flux can not flow easily to the shaft, and thus limit the looping of the magnetic flux to the radially inner portion of the rotor.
  • the sheet portion located between a magnet housing and the adjacent recess is magnetic flux saturation, which limits the passage thereof.
  • the largest radial dimension of the recess or recesses may be greater than their largest circumferential dimension.
  • the radial dimension of the annular portion of sheet metal separating the recess or recesses from the central opening may be less than or equal to the radial dimension of the annular portion of sheet metal separating the recesses of the outer periphery of the rotor mass.
  • Each housing and the recesses adjacent to this housing can be advantageously angularly offset without angular overlap.
  • the invention can make it possible to create a large number of bridges of material between the housings and the recesses for distributing the forces of the centrifugal forces on the radially inner portion of the rotor mass.
  • the number of these bridges of material is for example equal to twice the number of permanent magnets.
  • the rotor mass is for example formed by an assembly of rotor plates, by machining a block of magnetic material or by casting a polymer material loaded with magnetic particles.
  • the rotor mass is advantageously formed by an assembly of rotor plates, each one-piece.
  • the rotor is devoid of reported pole pieces.
  • the invention can avoid the use of non-magnetic parts such as a hub or a non-magnetic shaft, relatively high cost.
  • the rotor shaft can thus be made of a magnetic material, for example C35E steel, and not of aluminum.
  • each rotor plate is cut from a sheet of magnetic steel, for example 0.1 to 1.5 mm thick steel, for example M400-50A.
  • the sheets may be coated with an electrical insulating varnish. on their opposite faces before their assembly within the package. The insulation can still be obtained by a heat treatment of the sheets.
  • the distribution of the recesses and / or housings is advantageously regular and symmetrical, facilitating the cutting of the rotor sheet and its stability after cutting when the rotor mass consists of a superposition of rotor plates.
  • the recess (s) in each interval between two consecutive dwellings may occupy more than three-quarters or three-quarters of the angular extent of this gap.
  • the width of a bridge between two adjacent recesses or between a recess and the adjacent housing can for example go from 0.5 to 3 mm in an exemplary implementation of the invention.
  • Two consecutive housings can for example be angularly separated by an angle of 45 °.
  • the housings and the recesses are separated from the central opening of the rotor mass by an annular portion which may have a minimum radial dimension of between 2 and 5 mm, for example about 3 mm for a rotor sheet 140 mm in diameter. but which could be much thicker or much thinner depending on the diameter of the rotor.
  • Such an annular portion, of cylindrical shape contributes to the strength of the rotor.
  • the number of housings and magnets depends on the polarity of the rotor.
  • the rotor mass may comprise any number of housing pairs, for example six or eight dwellings.
  • the number of recesses can be greater than or equal to half that of dwellings.
  • the recesses advantageously have a radial dimension less than or equal to that of the housings, so as not to unduly reduce the concentration of the flow of the magnets.
  • the radial dimension of the recesses is for example about half that of the dwellings.
  • the housings may have a radial dimension greater than or equal to that of the permanent magnets received inside these dwellings. This allows manufacturing tolerances of the rotor mass and larger magnets and may allow jamming of the magnets in the housings by centrifugation.
  • the housing may or may not lead radially outward.
  • the rotor mass may comprise a single recess for the two intervals, or a single recess per interval, between two consecutive housings, or alternatively, several recesses, for example two recesses, which are preferably identical and symmetrical one of the other in relation to a median plane.
  • the recesses are advantageously oriented radially.
  • Radially oriented recesses may have an axis of greater size that coincides with a radius or is parallel to a radius.
  • the bridges between these recesses or between the recesses and the housings are advantageously oriented radially.
  • Each recess may have two branches on the side of the shaft that meet in the direction of the stator.
  • the two branches may be separated by a concave edge portion to the shaft.
  • the two branches may have a radially inner edge oriented circumferentially.
  • Each recess may have edges that converge towards each other from an area located at a distance from the axis of rotation that corresponds substantially to that of the radially inner end of the magnets. These edges may converge in circular arcs, and be extended by substantially parallel edges.
  • the width of the material bridge separating a housing from the adjacent recess may be for example between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, being for example about 1.5 mm.
  • the rotor mass may further comprise recesses one or more holes to lighten the rotor, to allow its balancing or for the assembly of the constituent rotor plates.
  • the permanent magnets may each have in cross section a rectangular shape or not.
  • each permanent magnet may have a trapezoidal or diamond shape in cross section.
  • the recesses and / or housings may be filled at least partially, or entirely, with a non-magnetic synthetic material. This material can lock in place the magnets in the housing and / or increase the cohesion of the sheet package.
  • the recesses may be used, where appropriate, to balance the rotor, by spot removal of material, for example removal of a synthetic material such as a resin present in the recesses. It is also possible to fill the recesses of a resin more or less in order to balance the rotor or to make holes in the resin which can be more or less filled to balance the rotor.
  • the rotor mass may include, where appropriate, one or more reliefs contributing to the proper positioning of the magnets.
  • the housings can receive a wedge positioning the magnets in the housing.
  • Each rotor mass may have an outer contour which is circular or multilobed, a multi-lobed shape may be useful for example to reduce torque ripples or harmonics current or voltage.
  • Each housing may have a radially inner portion relative to the corresponding permanent magnet, which is delimited laterally by substantially radial opposite edges.
  • Each housing may have a radially outer portion relative to the corresponding permanent magnet, having edges converging towards each other away from the shaft. These radially inner and outer portions can contribute to the proper positioning of the magnet in the housing.
  • the invention further relates, in another of its aspects, to a rotor of an electric rotary machine with permanent magnets and flux concentration, comprising: a shaft extending along the axis of rotation of the rotor;
  • a rotor mass disposed on the shaft, comprising: a central opening for mounting it on the shaft, housings in which the permanent magnets are arranged, radially oriented and each having a portion which is radially external to the corresponding permanent magnet, this portion having edges converging towards each other away from the shaft.
  • the rotor may comprise in at least one, preferably in each angular interval separating two consecutive housings, at least one recess.
  • the invention also relates to an electric rotary machine, such as a synchronous motor or a generator, comprising one of the rotors as defined above.
  • This machine may comprise a stator with concentrated or distributed winding.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of balancing one of the rotors as defined above, in which the rotor is balanced by removal or addition of material at a recess at less, the addition of material that can be done in holes in the resin at the recesses.
  • the material that is removed is for example a synthetic material filling this recess.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view, schematically, an example of a rotor made in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents in isolation and from the front the rotor mass
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 represent details of embodiment of the mass of FIG. 2
  • FIGS. 8 show details of alternative embodiments of the rotor.
  • the rotor 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a rotor magnetic mass 3 extending axially along the axis of rotation X of the rotor, this rotor mass being for example formed by a stack of sheets stacked along the axis X, the sheets being for example identical and superimposed exactly.
  • the rotor 1 comprises a plurality of permanent magnets 7 arranged in corresponding housings of the rotor magnetic mass, so that two consecutive magnets 7 have the same polarities on their facing faces.
  • the rotor mass 3 is mounted on a shaft 2 which, in the example considered, is made of a magnetic material, for example steel.
  • the rotor mass 3 comprises a central opening 4 for mounting on the shaft 2.
  • the rotor 1 is disposed inside a not shown stator, which comprises for example a concentrated or distributed winding.
  • This stator makes it possible to generate a rotating magnetic field driving the rotor in rotation, in the case of a synchronous motor, and in the case of an alternator, the rotation of the rotor induces an electromotive force in the stator windings.
  • the shape of the rotor mass 3 at its periphery can be multilobed as shown in FIG. 1, each lobe 10 extending between two consecutive magnets 7 and being convex outwards.
  • recesses 6 are arranged between the housings 5 and the magnets 7, to limit the losses of magnetic flux by looping through the shaft 2 of the rotor.
  • Each housing 5 may have a radial dimension / greater than that of the corresponding magnets.
  • each housing 5 may comprise a main portion 5a whose radial dimension corresponds to that of the associated magnet 7, and end portions 5b and 5c respectively radially outer and radially inner to the magnet 7.
  • the main portion 5a has for example a shape that corresponds substantially to that of the magnet 7, in cross section.
  • the cross section of the magnet 7 is trapezoidal and the housing 5 has on the portion 5a opposite edges 30, rectilinear, which converge towards each other away from the shaft 2.
  • the end portion 5b has opposite edges 31 which can be straight and which converge towards each other at a greater angle than the edges 30.
  • the edges 31 can be connected to an end edge 32 which is for example oriented perpendicularly to the median plane M for the housing 5, passing through the axis of rotation X.
  • the median plane M contains a radius but it could be different.
  • the edges 31 may also not connect and lead to the outside of the rotor, as shown in Figure 5. The magnets of the housing are then open to the outside of the rotor.
  • the end portion 5c is delimited laterally by opposite edges 33 which converge towards each other towards the shaft 2 and which are connected to an end edge 34 oriented perpendicularly to the median plane M.
  • the angular extent of the interval 40 extending between two dwellings is defined
  • Each gap 40 has a recess 6 which extends over a relatively large angular extent about the X axis, indicated by the angle CC in FIG.
  • This angle ⁇ corresponds to that between the rays which pass through the edges of the recess 6 furthest away angularly from one another.
  • the angular difference between the housing and the recesses is for example equal to ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) / 2.
  • Each recess 6 has two branches 6a which meet in a single branch 6b beyond an extension 45, when one moves away from the shaft 2.
  • the branches 6a are delimited radially inwards by edges 51 which are circumferentially oriented.
  • the branches 6a are delimited laterally by opposite edges 52 which each extend substantially parallel to the adjacent edge 33.
  • the extension 45 has an edge 54 which is substantially semicircular.
  • the branch 6b is delimited by opposite edges 56 which converge towards each other, for example according to circular arcs. These edges 56 are connected away from the shaft 2 to opposite edges 57 which are rectilinear and parallel to the median plane N of the recess 6 containing the axis of rotation X. The edges 57 are joined by an edge 58 in the shape of an arc.
  • Each rotor mass 3 comprises an annular portion of cylindrical shape which extends continuously around the axis of rotation X.
  • the radial dimension e min is for example at least 2 mm for a rotor 140 mm in diameter but could be much larger, or even less, depending on the centrifugal forces to hold and the size of the rotor.
  • the width j of the material bridge 80 extending between a housing 5 and the adjacent recess 6 is for example, for example between 0.5 and 10 mm, for example about 1.5 mm in the example considered. .
  • the material bridge 80 is saturated with the magnetic flux, which limits its passage through it.
  • the radial dimension k of the portion 5b is for example between 2 and 3 mm.
  • the junction between the edges 33 and 30 is, for example, at a distance m from the opening 4 of between 2 and 4 mm.
  • a synthetic material may be injected into the recesses 5 and / or the recesses 6, so as to block the magnets in the recesses 5 and / or to ensure the cohesion of the sheet bundle if the rotor consists of an assembly of magnetic sheets.
  • the material used is for example an epoxy resin or a thermoplastic material.
  • the locking of the magnets 7 can also be effected by clamping under the action of the centrifugal force, thanks to their wedge shape.
  • the recesses 6 may be used for equilibration, for example by filling them with a resin and by locally removing this resin or by filling with resin or one or more weights balancing the holes in the resin which fills them or simply by fixing balancing weights.
  • the sheets 3 can be made with holes 8, as shown in FIG. 3, to allow the passage of tie rods for the sheets of the pack.
  • magnets having a shape other than trapezoidal, in particular rectangular or rhombic can be given a different shape and, for example, provide two close recesses 16 in each gap between two consecutive housings, as illustrated in FIG. 6 or can still have only one recess 6 in each of the two recesses 5.
  • FIG. 6 it can be seen that the two close recesses are separated by a band of central material 81 extending radially.
  • the outline of all of these two close recesses may be generally similar to that of a recess 6 described above with reference to FIG.
  • Maintaining the magnets in the housing 5 can be performed with lugs 80 as shown in Figure 7, in particular on the side of the rotor shaft.
  • the magnet can be held on the radially outer side of the rotor by a narrowing of the housing, this narrowing forming for example a shoulder 82 oriented substantially perpendicularly to the radius passing through the median plane of the housing 5.
  • Tie rods 90 can pass through the recesses 6, in particular the radially outermost portion of the recesses, to assemble the plates, as illustrated in FIG. 8.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rotor (1) for rotating an electric machine having permanent magnets (7) and flux concentration, comprising: a shaft (2) extending along the rotational axis (X) of the rotor (1), a rotor body (3) placed on the shaft (2), the rotor body (3) comprising: - a central opening (4) for the mounting thereof on the shaft (2); - radially oriented recesses (5) wherein the permanent magnets (7) are placed; and in at least one angular space (40) separating two consecutive recesses (5), at least one cavity (6) leading neither to the central opening (4) nor to the two consecutive recesses (5), said cavity or cavities (6) located in said space occupying an angular area (a) around the rotational axis (X) of the rotor (1) greater than or equal to half of the angular area (ß) of said space (40).

Description

Rotor à aimants permanents et machine tournante comportant un tel rotor Rotor with permanent magnets and rotating machine comprising such a rotor
La présente invention concerne les machines tournantes électriques, notamment les moteurs synchrones, et plus particulièrement une machine comportant un rotor à aimants permanents à concentration de flux. Les rotors à concentration de flux comportent une masse rotorique dans laquelle sont logés des aimants, ces derniers étant engagés dans des logements orientés radialement.The present invention relates to electric rotating machines, in particular synchronous motors, and more particularly to a machine comprising a permanent magnet rotor with flux concentration. The flux concentration rotors comprise a rotor mass in which magnets are housed, the latter being engaged in radially oriented housings.
Un avantage de ces rotors est la possibilité d'obtenir des inductions moyennes dans l'entrefer supérieures à l'induction de travail des aimants, ce qui permet d'abaisser le coût de la machine en utilisant des aimants à base de ferrites ou d'augmenter la compacité de la machine dans le cas de l'utilisation d'aimants à base de terres rares.An advantage of these rotors is the possibility of obtaining average inductions in the gap greater than the working induction of the magnets, which makes it possible to lower the cost of the machine by using magnets based on ferrites or to increase the compactness of the machine in the case of the use of rare earth magnets.
Les pertes de flux magnétique doivent être réduites au niveau du rotor et le flux magnétique des aimants permanents doit se reboucler au niveau du stator et non au niveau du rotor ou de l'arbre du rotor. Pour ce faire, il existe plusieurs solutions connues, présentant chacune des inconvénients.The magnetic flux losses must be reduced at the rotor and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets must bounce at the stator and not at the rotor or the rotor shaft. To do this, there are several known solutions, each with disadvantages.
Les pôles magnétiques, situés de part et d'autre des aimants, peuvent être totalement séparés magnétiquement, comme décrit dans EP 1 152 516 Bl. Il est alors nécessaire d'avoir un moyeu amagnétique autour de l'arbre du rotor ou un arbre amagnétique. Une telle configuration complique la mise en place des pôles magnétiques et l'utilisation d'acier amagnétique ou d'aluminium pour réaliser le moyeu ou l'arbre est relativement coûteuse.The magnetic poles, located on either side of the magnets, can be totally separated magnetically, as described in EP 1 152 516 B1. It is then necessary to have a non-magnetic hub around the rotor shaft or a non-magnetic shaft. . Such a configuration complicates the implementation of the magnetic poles and the use of non-magnetic steel or aluminum to make the hub or the shaft is relatively expensive.
Le brevet US 5 684 352 enseigne de relier les pôles magnétiques à leurs extrémités inférieure et supérieure par des régions ayant subies un traitement rendant localement la tôle amagnétique. Cette solution implique la mise en œuvre d'un traitement thermique relativement coûteux.No. 5,684,352 teaches to connect the magnetic poles at their lower and upper ends with regions having undergone treatment rendering the nonmagnetic sheet locally. This solution involves the implementation of a relatively expensive heat treatment.
Il existe également des solutions consistant à réaliser un ou plusieurs évidements dans le rotor afin de limiter les pertes de flux magnétique.There are also solutions consisting of making one or more recesses in the rotor in order to limit the losses of magnetic flux.
La demande US 2007/0252469 décrit ainsi une tôle rotorique comportant des évidements s'étendant de part et d'autre des logements recevant les aimants permanents, débouchant sur ces derniers et ménageant entre eux des ponts de matière de largeur réduite.The application US 2007/0252469 thus describes a rotor plate having recesses extending on either side of the housing receiving the permanent magnets, opening on the latter and between them bridges of material of reduced width.
Une telle solution présente l'inconvénient de concentrer les efforts mécaniques au milieu des pôles magnétiques, ce qui peut nuire à la tenue mécanique du rotor aux vitesses de rotation élevées.Such a solution has the drawback of concentrating the mechanical forces in the middle magnetic poles, which can affect the mechanical strength of the rotor at high rotational speeds.
Le brevet US 6 133 663 décrit également une tôle rotorique comportant des évidements pour réduire les pertes de flux magnétique, ces évidements débouchant chacun sur deux logements consécutifs accueillant les aimants permanents, au niveau de l'extrémité radialement intérieure des logements.US Pat. No. 6,133,663 also discloses a rotor plate having recesses for reducing magnetic flux losses, these recesses each leading to two consecutive housings housing the permanent magnets, at the radially inner end of the housings.
La demande FR 2 283 572 divulgue une tôle rotorique qui présente des évidements débouchant sur l'ouverture centrale permettant son montage sur l'arbre.The application FR 2 283 572 discloses a rotor plate which has recesses opening to the central opening for mounting on the shaft.
La demande JP 2000-209798 décrit une tôle rotorique comportant une pluralité de fentes en arcs de cercle entre des aimants permanents. Des fentes orientées perpendiculairement à des axes médians entre les aimants limitent le bouclage du flux magnétique vers l'intérieur. L'orientation de ces fentes peut affecter les propriétés mécaniques du rotor aux vitesses de rotation élevées, car la largeur de tôle autour du passage de l'arbre est relativement faible. Les fentes s'étendent jusque dans l'intervalle entre les aimants et le passage de l'arbre. Ce recouvrement angulaire des logements des aimants et des fentes oblige à éloigner les aimants du passage de l'arbre, ce qui peut limiter la puissance des aimants pouvant être utilisés pour une taille de rotor donnée.JP 2000-209798 discloses a rotor plate having a plurality of arcuate slots between permanent magnets. Slots oriented perpendicular to the median axes between the magnets limit the looping of the magnetic flux inwards. The orientation of these slots may affect the mechanical properties of the rotor at high rotational speeds because the sheet width around the shaft passage is relatively small. The slots extend into the gap between the magnets and the passage of the shaft. This angular overlap of the magnet and slot slots forces the magnets away from the shaft passage, which can limit the power of the magnets that can be used for a given rotor size.
La demande US 2006/0290222 décrit une tôle rotorique comportant des logements pour des aimants permanents, la tôle étant dépourvue d' évidements entre les logements.The application US 2006/0290222 discloses a rotor plate having housings for permanent magnets, the sheet being devoid of recesses between the housing.
Il existe un besoin pour perfectionner encore les rotors à concentration de flux, notamment afin de réduire leur coût de fabrication tout en bénéficiant de performances électriques et mécaniques satisfaisantes.There is a need to further improve flux concentration rotors, in particular to reduce their manufacturing cost while enjoying satisfactory electrical and mechanical performance.
La présente invention vise à répondre à ce besoin et à remédier à tout ou partie des inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus.The present invention aims to meet this need and to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above.
L'invention a ainsi pour objet, selon l'un de ses aspects, un rotor à aimants permanents à concentration de flux, comportant : un arbre s 'étendant selon l'axe de rotation du rotor, une masse rotorique disposée sur l'arbre, comportant : - une ouverture centrale pour son montage sur l'arbre, des logements orientés radialement, dans lesquels les aimants permanents sont disposés, et dans au moins un, de préférence chaque, intervalle angulaire séparant deux logements consécutifs, au moins un évidement ne débouchant ni sur l'ouverture centrale ni sur les deux logements consécutifs, ce ou ces évidements situés dans ledit intervalle occupant une étendue angulaire autour de l'axe de rotation du rotor supérieure à la moitié de l'étendue angulaire dudit intervalle.The invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, a rotor with permanent flux concentration magnets, comprising: a shaft extending along the axis of rotation of the rotor, a rotor mass disposed on the shaft , comprising: - a central opening for mounting it on the shaft, radially oriented housings, in which the permanent magnets are arranged, and in at least one, preferably each, angular interval separating two consecutive housings, at least one recess not opening to the central opening or to the two consecutive housings, this or these recesses situated in said gap occupying an angular extent around the rotor axis of rotation greater than half the angular extent of said gap.
Des logements orientés radialement peuvent avoir un axe de plus grande dimension qui coïncide avec un rayon ou non. L'axe de plus grande dimension peut être parallèle à un rayon.Radially oriented housings may have an axis of greater size which coincides with a radius or not. The larger axis may be parallel to a radius.
De tels logements englobent les logements pour lesquels la plus grande dimension radiale du logement est supérieure à la plus grande dimension circonférentielle du logement (mesurée entre deux points à une même distance du centre, le long d'un segment passant par ces points et perpendiculaire à un rayon bissecteur).Such dwellings include dwellings for which the largest radial dimension of the dwelling is greater than the largest circumferential dimension of the dwelling (measured between two points at the same distance from the center, along a segment passing through these points and perpendicular to a bisecting ray).
Le ou les évidements créent des zones entre les aimants permanents où le flux magnétique ne peut circuler aisément vers l'arbre, et de ce fait limitent le bouclage du flux magnétique vers la partie radialement intérieure du rotor. En particulier, la portion de tôle située entre un logement d'aimant et l'évidement adjacent est à saturation de flux magnétique, ce qui limite le passage de celui-ci.The recess or recesses create areas between the permanent magnets where the magnetic flux can not flow easily to the shaft, and thus limit the looping of the magnetic flux to the radially inner portion of the rotor. In particular, the sheet portion located between a magnet housing and the adjacent recess is magnetic flux saturation, which limits the passage thereof.
La plus grande dimension radiale du ou des évidements peut être supérieure à leur plus grande dimension circonférentielle. La dimension radiale de la portion annulaire de tôle séparant le ou les évidements de l'ouverture centrale peut être inférieure ou égale à la dimension radiale de la portion annulaire de tôle séparant les évidements de la périphérie externe de la masse rotorique.The largest radial dimension of the recess or recesses may be greater than their largest circumferential dimension. The radial dimension of the annular portion of sheet metal separating the recess or recesses from the central opening may be less than or equal to the radial dimension of the annular portion of sheet metal separating the recesses of the outer periphery of the rotor mass.
Chaque logement et les évidements adjacents à ce logement peuvent être avantageusement décalés angulairement sans recouvrement angulaire.Each housing and the recesses adjacent to this housing can be advantageously angularly offset without angular overlap.
De plus, l'invention peut permettre de créer un grand nombre de ponts de matière entre les logements et les évidements pour répartir les efforts des forces centrifuges sur la partie radialement intérieure de la masse rotorique.In addition, the invention can make it possible to create a large number of bridges of material between the housings and the recesses for distributing the forces of the centrifugal forces on the radially inner portion of the rotor mass.
Le nombre de ces ponts de matière est par exemple égal à deux fois le nombre d'aimants permanents. La masse rotorique est par exemple formée par un assemblage de tôles rotoriques, par usinage d'un bloc de matériau magnétique ou par coulage d'une matière polymère chargée de particules magnétiques.The number of these bridges of material is for example equal to twice the number of permanent magnets. The rotor mass is for example formed by an assembly of rotor plates, by machining a block of magnetic material or by casting a polymer material loaded with magnetic particles.
La masse rotorique est avantageusement formée par un assemblage de tôles rotoriques, chacune monobloc. Ainsi, le rotor est dépourvu de pièces polaires rapportées.The rotor mass is advantageously formed by an assembly of rotor plates, each one-piece. Thus, the rotor is devoid of reported pole pieces.
L'invention peut permettre d'éviter le recours à des pièces amagnétiques telles qu'un moyeu ou un arbre amagnétique, de coût relativement élevé. L'arbre du rotor peut ainsi être réalisé dans un matériau magnétique, par exemple de l'acier C35E, et non en aluminium. Chaque tôle rotorique est par exemple découpée dans une feuille d'acier magnétique, par exemple de l'acier de 0,1 à 1,5 mm d'épaisseur, par exemple M400-50A Les tôles peuvent être revêtues d'un vernis isolant électrique sur leurs faces opposées avant leur assemblage au sein du paquet. L'isolation peut encore être obtenue par un traitement thermique des tôles. La répartition des évidements et/ou des logements est avantageusement régulière et symétrique, facilitant la découpe de la tôle rotorique et sa stabilité après découpe quand la masse rotorique est constituée d'une superposition de tôles rotoriques.The invention can avoid the use of non-magnetic parts such as a hub or a non-magnetic shaft, relatively high cost. The rotor shaft can thus be made of a magnetic material, for example C35E steel, and not of aluminum. For example, each rotor plate is cut from a sheet of magnetic steel, for example 0.1 to 1.5 mm thick steel, for example M400-50A. The sheets may be coated with an electrical insulating varnish. on their opposite faces before their assembly within the package. The insulation can still be obtained by a heat treatment of the sheets. The distribution of the recesses and / or housings is advantageously regular and symmetrical, facilitating the cutting of the rotor sheet and its stability after cutting when the rotor mass consists of a superposition of rotor plates.
Le ou les évidements situés dans chaque intervalle entre deux logements consécutifs peuvent occuper plus des trois quarts ou les trois quarts, de l'étendue angulaire de cet intervalle.The recess (s) in each interval between two consecutive dwellings may occupy more than three-quarters or three-quarters of the angular extent of this gap.
La largeur d'un pont entre deux évidements adjacents ou entre un évidement et le logement adjacent peut par exemple aller de 0.5 à 3 mm dans un exemple de mise en œuvre de l'invention. Deux logements consécutifs peuvent par exemple être séparés angulairement d'un angle de 45°. Les logements et les évidements sont séparés de l'ouverture centrale de la masse rotorique par une portion annulaire qui peut avoir une dimension radiale minimale comprise entre 2 et 5 mm, par exemple d'environ 3 mm pour une tôle rotorique de 140 mm de diamètre, mais qui pourrait être aussi beaucoup plus épaisse ou beaucoup plus fine en fonction du diamètre du rotor. Une telle portion annulaire, de forme cylindrique, contribue à la solidité du rotor.The width of a bridge between two adjacent recesses or between a recess and the adjacent housing can for example go from 0.5 to 3 mm in an exemplary implementation of the invention. Two consecutive housings can for example be angularly separated by an angle of 45 °. The housings and the recesses are separated from the central opening of the rotor mass by an annular portion which may have a minimum radial dimension of between 2 and 5 mm, for example about 3 mm for a rotor sheet 140 mm in diameter. but which could be much thicker or much thinner depending on the diameter of the rotor. Such an annular portion, of cylindrical shape, contributes to the strength of the rotor.
Le nombre de logements et d'aimants dépend de la polarité du rotor. La masse rotorique peut comporter un nombre quelconque de paires de logements par exemple six ou huit logements. Le nombre d'évidements peut être supérieur ou égal à la moitié de celui des logements.The number of housings and magnets depends on the polarity of the rotor. The rotor mass may comprise any number of housing pairs, for example six or eight dwellings. The number of recesses can be greater than or equal to half that of dwellings.
Les évidements ont avantageusement une dimension radiale inférieure ou égale à celle des logements, afin de ne pas réduire outre mesure la concentration du flux des aimants.The recesses advantageously have a radial dimension less than or equal to that of the housings, so as not to unduly reduce the concentration of the flow of the magnets.
La dimension radiale des évidements est par exemple d'environ la moitié de celle des logements.The radial dimension of the recesses is for example about half that of the dwellings.
Les logements peuvent avoir une dimension radiale supérieure ou égale à celle des aimants permanents reçus à l'intérieur de ces logements. Cela autorise des tolérances de fabrication de la masse rotorique et des aimants plus larges et peut permettre un coincement des aimants dans les logements par centrifugation.The housings may have a radial dimension greater than or equal to that of the permanent magnets received inside these dwellings. This allows manufacturing tolerances of the rotor mass and larger magnets and may allow jamming of the magnets in the housings by centrifugation.
Les logements peuvent ou non déboucher radialement vers l'extérieur.The housing may or may not lead radially outward.
La masse rotorique peut comporter un seul évidement pour les deux intervalles, ou un seul évidement par intervalle, entre deux logements consécutifs, ou en variante, plusieurs évidements, par exemple deux évidements, lesquels sont de préférence identiques et symétriques l'un de l'autre par rapport à un plan médian.The rotor mass may comprise a single recess for the two intervals, or a single recess per interval, between two consecutive housings, or alternatively, several recesses, for example two recesses, which are preferably identical and symmetrical one of the other in relation to a median plane.
Les évidements sont avantageusement orientés radialement. Des évidements orientés radialement peuvent avoir un axe de plus grande dimension qui coïncide ou non avec un rayon ou qui est parallèle à un rayon. Les ponts entre ces évidements ou entre les évidements et les logements sont avantageusement orientés radialement.The recesses are advantageously oriented radially. Radially oriented recesses may have an axis of greater size that coincides with a radius or is parallel to a radius. The bridges between these recesses or between the recesses and the housings are advantageously oriented radially.
Chaque évidement peut comporter deux branches du côté de l'arbre qui se rejoignent en direction du stator. Les deux branches peuvent être séparées par une portion de bord concave vers l'arbre. Les deux branches peuvent avoir un bord radialement intérieur orienté circonférentiellement.Each recess may have two branches on the side of the shaft that meet in the direction of the stator. The two branches may be separated by a concave edge portion to the shaft. The two branches may have a radially inner edge oriented circumferentially.
Chaque évidement peut avoir des bords qui convergent l'un vers l'autre à partir d'une zone située à une distance de l'axe de rotation qui correspond sensiblement à celle de l'extrémité radialement intérieure des aimants. Ces bords peuvent converger suivant des arcs de cercle, et être prolongés par des bords sensiblement parallèles.Each recess may have edges that converge towards each other from an area located at a distance from the axis of rotation that corresponds substantially to that of the radially inner end of the magnets. These edges may converge in circular arcs, and be extended by substantially parallel edges.
La largeur du pont de matière séparant un logement de l'évidement adjacent peut être comprise par exemple entre 0,5 et 2,5 mm, étant par exemple environ 1,5 mm. La masse rotorique peut comporter en plus des évidements un ou plusieurs trous pour alléger le rotor, permettre son équilibrage ou pour l'assemblage des tôles rotoriques la constituant.The width of the material bridge separating a housing from the adjacent recess may be for example between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, being for example about 1.5 mm. The rotor mass may further comprise recesses one or more holes to lighten the rotor, to allow its balancing or for the assembly of the constituent rotor plates.
Les aimants permanents peuvent présenter chacun en section transversale une forme rectangulaire ou non. Par exemple, chaque aimant permanent peut présenter en section transversale une forme trapézoïdale ou losange.The permanent magnets may each have in cross section a rectangular shape or not. For example, each permanent magnet may have a trapezoidal or diamond shape in cross section.
Les évidements et/ou logements peuvent être remplis au moins partiellement, voire entièrement, par une matière synthétique non magnétique. Cette matière peut bloquer en place les aimants dans les logements et/ou augmenter la cohésion du paquet de tôle.The recesses and / or housings may be filled at least partially, or entirely, with a non-magnetic synthetic material. This material can lock in place the magnets in the housing and / or increase the cohesion of the sheet package.
Les évidements peuvent être utilisés, le cas échéant, pour équilibrer le rotor, par enlèvement ponctuel de matière, par exemple enlèvement d'une matière synthétique telle qu'une résine présente dans les évidements. On peut aussi remplir plus ou moins les évidements d'une résine pour équilibrer le rotor ou ménager dans la résine des trous que l'on pourra plus ou moins remplir pour équilibrer le rotor.The recesses may be used, where appropriate, to balance the rotor, by spot removal of material, for example removal of a synthetic material such as a resin present in the recesses. It is also possible to fill the recesses of a resin more or less in order to balance the rotor or to make holes in the resin which can be more or less filled to balance the rotor.
La masse rotorique peut comporter, le cas échéant, un ou plusieurs reliefs contribuant au bon positionnement des aimants. Les logements peuvent recevoir une cale de positionnement des aimants dans les logements.The rotor mass may include, where appropriate, one or more reliefs contributing to the proper positioning of the magnets. The housings can receive a wedge positioning the magnets in the housing.
Chaque masse rotorique peut présenter un contour extérieur qui est circulaire ou multilobé, une forme multilobée pouvant être utile par exemple pour réduire les ondulations de couple ou les harmoniques de courant ou de tension.Each rotor mass may have an outer contour which is circular or multilobed, a multi-lobed shape may be useful for example to reduce torque ripples or harmonics current or voltage.
Chaque logement peut présenter une portion radialement intérieure par rapport à l'aimant permanent correspondant, qui est délimitée latéralement par des bords opposés sensiblement radiaux. Chaque logement peut présenter une portion radialement extérieure par rapport à l'aimant permanent correspondant, ayant des bords convergeant l'un vers l'autre en éloignement de l'arbre. Ces portions radialement intérieure et extérieure peuvent contribuer au bon positionnement de l'aimant dans le logement.Each housing may have a radially inner portion relative to the corresponding permanent magnet, which is delimited laterally by substantially radial opposite edges. Each housing may have a radially outer portion relative to the corresponding permanent magnet, having edges converging towards each other away from the shaft. These radially inner and outer portions can contribute to the proper positioning of the magnet in the housing.
L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un rotor de machine tournante électrique à aimants permanents et à concentration de flux, comportant : - un arbre s 'étendant selon l'axe de rotation du rotor,The invention further relates, in another of its aspects, to a rotor of an electric rotary machine with permanent magnets and flux concentration, comprising: a shaft extending along the axis of rotation of the rotor;
- une masse rotorique disposé sur l'arbre, comportant : une ouverture centrale pour son montage sur l'arbre, des logements dans lesquels les aimants permanents sont disposés, orientés radialement et présentant chacun une portion qui est radialement extérieure à l'aimant permanent correspondant, cette portion présentant des bords convergeant l'un vers l'autre en éloignement de l'arbre. Le rotor peut comporter dans au moins un, de préférence dans chaque, intervalle angulaire séparant deux logements consécutifs, au moins un évidement.a rotor mass disposed on the shaft, comprising: a central opening for mounting it on the shaft, housings in which the permanent magnets are arranged, radially oriented and each having a portion which is radially external to the corresponding permanent magnet, this portion having edges converging towards each other away from the shaft. The rotor may comprise in at least one, preferably in each angular interval separating two consecutive housings, at least one recess.
L'invention a encore pour objet une machine tournante électrique, telle qu'un moteur synchrone ou une génératrice, comportant l'un des rotors tels que définis précédemment. Cette machine peut comporter un stator à bobinage concentré ou réparti. L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un procédé d'équilibrage de l'un des rotors tels que définis précédemment, dans lequel on équilibre le rotor par enlèvement ou ajout de matière au niveau d'un évidement au moins, l'ajout de matière pouvant se faire dans des trous ménagés dans la résine au niveau des évidements.The invention also relates to an electric rotary machine, such as a synchronous motor or a generator, comprising one of the rotors as defined above. This machine may comprise a stator with concentrated or distributed winding. According to another of its aspects, the subject of the invention is also a method of balancing one of the rotors as defined above, in which the rotor is balanced by removal or addition of material at a recess at less, the addition of material that can be done in holes in the resin at the recesses.
La matière qui est enlevée est par exemple une matière synthétique remplissant cet évidement.The material that is removed is for example a synthetic material filling this recess.
L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs de celle-ci, et à l'examen du dessin annexé, sur lequel : la figure 1 représente en coupe transversale, de manière schématique, un exemple de rotor réalisé conformément à l'invention, la figure 2 représente isolément et de face la masse rotorique, les figures 3 et 4 représentent des détails de réalisation de la masse de la figure 2, et les figures 5 à 8 représentent des détails de variantes de réalisation du rotor.The invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description, nonlimiting exemplary embodiments thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view, schematically, an example of a rotor made in accordance with the invention, FIG. 2 represents in isolation and from the front the rotor mass, FIGS. 3 and 4 represent details of embodiment of the mass of FIG. 2, and FIGS. 8 show details of alternative embodiments of the rotor.
Le rotor 1 représenté à la figure 1 comporte une masse magnétique rotorique 3 s 'étendant axialement selon l'axe de rotation X du rotor, cette masse rotorique étant par exemple formée par un paquet de tôles empilées selon l'axe X, les tôles étant par exemple identiques et superposées exactement. Le rotor 1 comporte une pluralité d'aimants permanents 7 disposés dans des logements correspondants de la masse magnétique rotorique, de manière à ce que deux aimants consécutifs 7 présentent des mêmes polarités sur leurs faces en regard. La masse rotorique 3 est montée sur un arbre 2 qui, dans l'exemple considéré, est réalisé dans un matériau magnétique, par exemple de l'acier.The rotor 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a rotor magnetic mass 3 extending axially along the axis of rotation X of the rotor, this rotor mass being for example formed by a stack of sheets stacked along the axis X, the sheets being for example identical and superimposed exactly. The rotor 1 comprises a plurality of permanent magnets 7 arranged in corresponding housings of the rotor magnetic mass, so that two consecutive magnets 7 have the same polarities on their facing faces. The rotor mass 3 is mounted on a shaft 2 which, in the example considered, is made of a magnetic material, for example steel.
La masse rotorique 3 comporte une ouverture centrale 4 pour le montage sur l'arbre 2. Le rotor 1 est disposé à l'intérieur d'un stator non représenté, qui comporte par exemple un bobinage concentré ou réparti. Ce stator permet de générer un champ magnétique tournant d'entraînement du rotor en rotation, dans le cas d'un moteur synchrone, et dans le cas d'un alternateur, la rotation du rotor induit une force électromotrice dans les bobinages du stator. La forme de la masse rotorique 3 à sa périphérie peut être multilobée comme représenté à la figure 1, chaque lobe 10 s'étendant entre deux aimants consécutifs 7 et étant convexe vers l'extérieur.The rotor mass 3 comprises a central opening 4 for mounting on the shaft 2. The rotor 1 is disposed inside a not shown stator, which comprises for example a concentrated or distributed winding. This stator makes it possible to generate a rotating magnetic field driving the rotor in rotation, in the case of a synchronous motor, and in the case of an alternator, the rotation of the rotor induces an electromotive force in the stator windings. The shape of the rotor mass 3 at its periphery can be multilobed as shown in FIG. 1, each lobe 10 extending between two consecutive magnets 7 and being convex outwards.
Conformément à l'invention, des évidements 6 sont disposés entre les logements 5 et les aimants 7, pour limiter les pertes de flux magnétique par bouclage à travers l'arbre 2 du rotor.According to the invention, recesses 6 are arranged between the housings 5 and the magnets 7, to limit the losses of magnetic flux by looping through the shaft 2 of the rotor.
Chaque logement 5 peut présenter une dimension radiale / supérieure à celle des aimants correspondants.Each housing 5 may have a radial dimension / greater than that of the corresponding magnets.
Plus particulièrement, chaque logement 5 peut comporter une portion principale 5 a dont la dimension radiale correspond à celle de l'aimant 7 associé, et des portions d'extrémité 5b et 5c respectivement radialement extérieure et radialement intérieure à l'aimant 7.More particularly, each housing 5 may comprise a main portion 5a whose radial dimension corresponds to that of the associated magnet 7, and end portions 5b and 5c respectively radially outer and radially inner to the magnet 7.
La portion principale 5a a par exemple une forme qui correspond sensiblement à celle de l'aimant 7, en section transversale.The main portion 5a has for example a shape that corresponds substantially to that of the magnet 7, in cross section.
Dans l'exemple illustré, la section transversale de l'aimant 7 est trapézoïdale et le logement 5 présente sur la portion 5a des bords opposés 30, rectilignes, qui convergent l'un vers l'autre en éloignement de l'arbre 2.In the example shown, the cross section of the magnet 7 is trapezoidal and the housing 5 has on the portion 5a opposite edges 30, rectilinear, which converge towards each other away from the shaft 2.
La portion d'extrémité 5b présente des bords opposés 31 qui peuvent être rectilignes et qui convergent l'un vers l'autre avec un angle plus important que les bords 30.The end portion 5b has opposite edges 31 which can be straight and which converge towards each other at a greater angle than the edges 30.
Les bords 31 peuvent se raccorder à un bord d'extrémité 32 qui est par exemple orienté perpendiculairement au plan médian M pour le logement 5, passant par l'axe de rotation X. Dans l'exemple illustré, le plan médian M contient un rayon mais il pourrait en être différemment. Les bords 31 peuvent aussi ne pas se raccorder et déboucher sur l'extérieur du rotor, comme illustré à la figure 5. Les logements des aimants sont alors ouverts vers l'extérieur du rotor.The edges 31 can be connected to an end edge 32 which is for example oriented perpendicularly to the median plane M for the housing 5, passing through the axis of rotation X. In the example shown, the median plane M contains a radius but it could be different. The edges 31 may also not connect and lead to the outside of the rotor, as shown in Figure 5. The magnets of the housing are then open to the outside of the rotor.
La portion d'extrémité 5c est délimitée latéralement par des bords opposés 33 qui convergent l'un vers l'autre vers l'arbre 2 et qui se raccordent à un bord d'extrémité 34 orienté perpendiculairement au plan médian M.The end portion 5c is delimited laterally by opposite edges 33 which converge towards each other towards the shaft 2 and which are connected to an end edge 34 oriented perpendicularly to the median plane M.
On définit l'étendue angulaire de l'intervalle 40 s'étendant entre deux logementsThe angular extent of the interval 40 extending between two dwellings is defined
7 consécutifs comme étant l'angle β entre les rayons intersectant les bords les plus rapprochés angulairement des logements 5, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1. Dans cet exemple, ce sont les bords 33 qui sont les plus rapprochés angulairement et ces bords s'étendent sensiblement radialement.7 consecutive as the angle β between the rays intersecting the edges angularly closer to the housing 5, as can be seen in Figure 1. In this example, it is the edges 33 which are angularly closer and these edges extend substantially radially.
Chaque intervalle 40 comporte un évidement 6 qui s'étend sur une étendue angulaire autour de l'axe X relativement importante, repérée par l'angle CC sur la figure 1.Each gap 40 has a recess 6 which extends over a relatively large angular extent about the X axis, indicated by the angle CC in FIG.
Cet angle α correspond à celui entre les rayons qui passent par les bords de l'évidement 6 les plus éloignés angulairement l'un de l'autre.This angle α corresponds to that between the rays which pass through the edges of the recess 6 furthest away angularly from one another.
De préférence, il n'y a pas de recouvrement angulaire entre les logements et les évidements. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'écart angulaire entre les logements et les évidements est par exemple égale à (β-α)/2.Preferably, there is no angular overlap between the housing and the recesses. In the example illustrated, the angular difference between the housing and the recesses is for example equal to (β-α) / 2.
Chaque évidement 6 comporte deux branches 6a qui se rejoignent en une branche unique 6b au-delà d'une extension 45, lorsque l'on s'éloigne de l'arbre 2.Each recess 6 has two branches 6a which meet in a single branch 6b beyond an extension 45, when one moves away from the shaft 2.
Les branches 6a sont délimitées radialement vers l'intérieur par des bords 51 qui sont orientés circonférentiellement.The branches 6a are delimited radially inwards by edges 51 which are circumferentially oriented.
Les branches 6a sont délimitées latéralement par des bords opposés 52 qui s'étendent chacun sensiblement parallèlement au bord 33 adjacent. L'extension 45 présente un bord 54 qui est sensiblement demi-circulaire.The branches 6a are delimited laterally by opposite edges 52 which each extend substantially parallel to the adjacent edge 33. The extension 45 has an edge 54 which is substantially semicircular.
La branche 6b est délimitée par des bords opposés 56 qui sont convergents l'un vers l'autre, par exemple selon des arcs de cercle. Ces bords 56 se raccordent en s'éloignant de l'arbre 2 à des bords opposés 57 qui sont rectilignes et parallèles au plan médian N de l'évidement 6 contenant l'axe de rotation X. Les bords 57 se rejoignent grâce à un bord 58 en forme d'arc de cercle.The branch 6b is delimited by opposite edges 56 which converge towards each other, for example according to circular arcs. These edges 56 are connected away from the shaft 2 to opposite edges 57 which are rectilinear and parallel to the median plane N of the recess 6 containing the axis of rotation X. The edges 57 are joined by an edge 58 in the shape of an arc.
Chaque masse rotorique 3 comporte une portion annulaire de forme cylindrique qui s'étend continûment autour de l'axe de rotation X. La dimension radiale emin est par exemple d'au moins 2mm pour un rotor de 140 mm de diamètre mais pourrait être beaucoup plus grande, voire moindre, en fonction des efforts centrifuges à tenir et de la taille du rotor.Each rotor mass 3 comprises an annular portion of cylindrical shape which extends continuously around the axis of rotation X. The radial dimension e min is for example at least 2 mm for a rotor 140 mm in diameter but could be much larger, or even less, depending on the centrifugal forces to hold and the size of the rotor.
La largeur j du pont de matière 80 s 'étendant entre un logement 5 et l'évidement adjacent 6 est par exemple, comprise par exemple entre 0,5 et 10 mm, par exemple d'environ 1,5 mm dans l'exemple considéré. Le pont de matière 80 est à saturation du flux magnétique, ce qui limite son passage à travers lui.The width j of the material bridge 80 extending between a housing 5 and the adjacent recess 6 is for example, for example between 0.5 and 10 mm, for example about 1.5 mm in the example considered. . The material bridge 80 is saturated with the magnetic flux, which limits its passage through it.
La dimension radiale k de la portion 5b est par exemple comprise entre 2 et 3 mm La jonction entre les bords 33 et 30 est par exemple à une distance m de l'ouverture 4 comprise entre 2 et 4 mmThe radial dimension k of the portion 5b is for example between 2 and 3 mm. The junction between the edges 33 and 30 is, for example, at a distance m from the opening 4 of between 2 and 4 mm.
Une matière synthétique peut être injectée dans les logements 5 et/ou les évidements 6, de façon à bloquer les aimants dans les logements 5 et/ou assurer la cohésion du paquet de tôles si le rotor est constitué d'un assemblage de tôles magnétiques. La matière utilisée est par exemple une résine époxy ou une matière thermoplastique.A synthetic material may be injected into the recesses 5 and / or the recesses 6, so as to block the magnets in the recesses 5 and / or to ensure the cohesion of the sheet bundle if the rotor consists of an assembly of magnetic sheets. The material used is for example an epoxy resin or a thermoplastic material.
Le blocage des aimants 7 peut également s'effectuer par serrage sous l'action de la force centrifuge, grâce à leur forme en coin.The locking of the magnets 7 can also be effected by clamping under the action of the centrifugal force, thanks to their wedge shape.
Les évidements 6 peuvent être utilisés pour l'équilibrage, par exemple en les remplissant d'une résine et en venant enlever localement cette résine ou en venant remplir de résine ou d'une ou plusieurs masselottes d'équilibrage des trous ménagés dans la résine qui les remplit ou simplement en y fixant des masselottes d'équilibrage.The recesses 6 may be used for equilibration, for example by filling them with a resin and by locally removing this resin or by filling with resin or one or more weights balancing the holes in the resin which fills them or simply by fixing balancing weights.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described.
On peut par exemple réaliser les tôles 3 avec des trous 8, comme illustré à la figure 3, pour permettre le passage de tirants d'assemblage des tôles du paquet.For example, the sheets 3 can be made with holes 8, as shown in FIG. 3, to allow the passage of tie rods for the sheets of the pack.
On peut utiliser des aimants ayant une forme autre que trapézoïdale, notamment rectangulaires ou losange. On peut donner aux évidements une forme autre et, par exemple, prévoir deux évidements rapprochés 16 dans chaque intervalle entre deux logements consécutifs, comme illustré à la figure 6 ou peut encore avoir un seul évidement 6 tous les deux logements 5.It is possible to use magnets having a shape other than trapezoidal, in particular rectangular or rhombic. The recesses can be given a different shape and, for example, provide two close recesses 16 in each gap between two consecutive housings, as illustrated in FIG. 6 or can still have only one recess 6 in each of the two recesses 5.
Sur la figure 6, on voit que les deux évidements rapprochés sont séparés par une bande de matière centrale 81 s'étendant radialement. Le contour de l'ensemble de ces deux évidements rapprochés peut être globalement similaire à celui d'un évidement 6 décrit précédemment en référence à la figure 1.In FIG. 6, it can be seen that the two close recesses are separated by a band of central material 81 extending radially. The outline of all of these two close recesses may be generally similar to that of a recess 6 described above with reference to FIG.
Le maintien des aimants dans les logements 5 peut s'effectuer avec des ergots 80 comme illustré à la figure 7, notamment du côté de l'arbre du rotor. En présence d'ergots 83, le maintien des aimants peut s'effectuer du côté radialement extérieur du rotor par un rétrécissement du logement, ce rétrécissement formant par exemple un épaulement 82 orienté sensiblement perpendiculairement au rayon passant par le plan médian du logement 5.Maintaining the magnets in the housing 5 can be performed with lugs 80 as shown in Figure 7, in particular on the side of the rotor shaft. In the presence of pins 83, the magnet can be held on the radially outer side of the rotor by a narrowing of the housing, this narrowing forming for example a shoulder 82 oriented substantially perpendicularly to the radius passing through the median plane of the housing 5.
Des tirants d'assemblage 90 peuvent traverser les évidements 6, notamment la portion radialement la plus extérieure des évidements, pour assembler les tôles, comme illustré à la figure 8.Tie rods 90 can pass through the recesses 6, in particular the radially outermost portion of the recesses, to assemble the plates, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
L'expression « comportant un » doit être comprise comme étant synonyme de « comportant au moins un ». The phrase "with one" should be understood as being synonymous with "having at least one".

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Rotor (1) de machine électrique tournante à aimants permanents (7) et à concentration de flux, comportant : - un arbre (2) s'étendant selon l'axe de rotation (X) du rotor (1), une masse rotorique (3) disposée sur l'arbre (2), la masse rotorique (3) comportant un assemblage de tôles rotoriques chacune monobloc et comportant :Rotor (1) for a permanent magnet rotating electric machine (7) with flux concentration, comprising: - a shaft (2) extending along the axis of rotation (X) of the rotor (1), a mass rotor (3) disposed on the shaft (2), the rotor mass (3) having an assembly of rotor plates each one-piece and comprising:
- une ouverture centrale (4) pour son montage sur l'arbre (2),a central opening (4) for mounting it on the shaft (2),
- des logements (5) orientés radialement dans lesquels les aimants permanents (7) sont disposés, et dans au moins un intervalle angulaire (40) séparant deux logements (5) consécutifs, au moins un évidement (6) orienté radialement ne débouchant ni sur l'ouverture centrale (4) ni sur les deux logements (5) consécutifs, ce ou ces évidements (6) situés dans ledit intervalle occupant une étendue angulaire (α) autour de l'axe de rotation (X) du rotor (1) supérieure ou égale à la moitié de l'étendue angulaire (β) dudit intervalle (40), le ou les évidements (6) créant des zones entre les aimants permanents (7) limitant le bouclage du flux magnétique vers la partie radialement intérieure du rotor (1).radially oriented housings (5) in which the permanent magnets (7) are arranged, and in at least one angular interval (40) separating two consecutive housings (5), at least one radially oriented recess (6) which does not open on either the central opening (4) neither on the two consecutive housings (5), this or these recesses (6) situated in the said interval occupying an angular extent (α) around the axis of rotation (X) of the rotor (1) greater than or equal to half the angular extent (β) of said gap (40), the recess or recesses (6) creating zones between the permanent magnets (7) limiting the looping of the magnetic flux towards the radially inner portion of the rotor (one).
2. Rotor (1) selon la revendication 1, l'arbre (2) étant réalisé dans un matériau magnétique. 2. Rotor (1) according to claim 1, the shaft (2) being made of a magnetic material.
3. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'étendue angulaire (α) occupée par le ou les évidements (6) dans ledit intervalle (40) étant supérieure ou égale aux trois quarts de l'étendue angulaire (β) dudit intervalle.3. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the angular extent (α) occupied by the recess or recesses (6) in said gap (40) being greater than or equal to three quarters of the angular extent ( β) of said interval.
4. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les évidements (6) ayant une dimension radiale (/') inférieure ou égale à celle (I) des logements (5).4. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the recesses (6) having a radial dimension (/ ') less than or equal to that (I) of the housing (5).
5. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les logements (5) ayant une dimension radiale (I) supérieure ou égale à celle des aimants permanents (7) correspondants.5. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the housing (5) having a radial dimension (I) greater than or equal to that of the corresponding permanent magnets (7).
6. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les logements (5) débouchant radialement vers l'extérieur.6. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the housing (5) opening radially outwardly.
7. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, les logements (5) ne débouchant pas radialement vers l'extérieur. 7. Rotor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the housing (5) does not open radially outwardly.
8. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la masse rotorique (3) comportant un seul évidement (6) pour chaque intervalle (40) entre deux logements (5) consécutifs.8. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the rotor mass (3) having a single recess (6) for each interval (40) between two housings (5) consecutive.
9. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, la masse rotorique (3) comportant un seul évidement (6) pour deux intervalles (40) entre deux logements (5) consécutifs.9. Rotor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the rotor mass (3) having a single recess (6) for two intervals (40) between two housings (5) consecutive.
10. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la dimension radiale du ou des évidements (6) étant supérieure à leur dimension circonférentielle. 10. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the radial dimension of the recess or recesses (6) being greater than their circumferential dimension.
11. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les aimants permanents (7) présentant chacun, en section transversale, une forme non rectangulaire.11. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the permanent magnets (7) each having, in cross section, a non-rectangular shape.
12. Rotor selon la revendication précédente, chaque aimant permanent (7) présentant en section transversale une forme trapézoïdale. 12. Rotor according to the preceding claim, each permanent magnet (7) having in cross section a trapezoidal shape.
13. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les logements (5) et/ou évidements (6) étant remplis au moins partiellement, voire totalement, par une matière synthétique.13. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the housing (5) and / or recesses (6) being filled at least partially, or completely, with a synthetic material.
14. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les logements (5) présentant chacun une portion (5c) qui est radialement intérieure à l'aimant permanent (7) correspondant et qui est délimitée latéralement par des bords opposés (33) radiaux.14. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the housings (5) each having a portion (5c) which is radially inner to the corresponding permanent magnet (7) and which is delimited laterally by opposite edges ( 33) radial.
15. Rotor (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la masse rotorique (3) présentant un contour extérieur (10) multilobé.15. Rotor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the rotor mass (3) having a multilobed outer contour (10).
16. Rotor selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, chaque évidement (6) ayant deux branches (6a) du côté de l'arbre (2) qui se rejoignent en direction du stator.16. Rotor according to any one of the preceding claims, each recess (6) having two branches (6a) on the side of the shaft (2) which meet in the direction of the stator.
17. Rotor selon la revendication 16, les deux branches (6a) étant séparées par une extension (45) de bord (54) concave vers l'arbre (2).17. Rotor according to claim 16, the two branches (6a) being separated by a concave edge extension (45) (54) towards the shaft (2).
18. Rotor selon la revendication 16 ou 17, les branches (6a) ayant un bord (51) radialement intérieur orienté circonférentiellement.18. Rotor according to claim 16 or 17, the legs (6a) having a radially inner edge (51) oriented circumferentially.
19. Rotor selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, chaque évidement (6) ayant des bords (56) qui convergent l'un vers l'autre à partir d'une distance de l'axe de rotation qui correspond sensiblement à celle de l'extrémité radialement intérieure des aimants.19. Rotor according to any one of claims 16 to 18, each recess (6) having edges (56) converging towards one another from a distance the axis of rotation which corresponds substantially to that of the radially inner end of the magnets.
20. Rotor selon la revendication 19, les bords (56) convergeant suivant des arcs de cercle. 20. Rotor according to claim 19, the edges (56) converging according to circular arcs.
21. Rotor selon les revendications 19 ou 20, lesdits bords convergents (56) étant prolongés par des bords (57) sensiblement parallèles.21. Rotor according to claims 19 or 20, said convergent edges (56) being extended by edges (57) substantially parallel.
22. Rotor selon la revendication 1, les logements présentant chacun une portion (5b) radialement extérieure à l'aimant permanent (7), cette portion (5b) ayant des bords (31) convergeant l'un vers l'autre en éloignement de l'arbre (2). 22. Rotor according to claim 1, the housing each having a portion (5b) radially external to the permanent magnet (7), this portion (5b) having edges (31) converging towards one another at a distance from the tree (2).
23. Rotor selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant plusieurs évidements, la masse rotorique comportant des tôles et le rotor comportant des tirants (90) d'assemblage des tôles magnétiques traversant les évidements, notamment la portion radialement la plus extérieure des évidements.23. Rotor according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of recesses, the rotor mass comprising plates and the rotor having tie rods (90) for assembling the magnetic sheets passing through the recesses, in particular the radially outermost portion of the recesses. .
24. Rotor (1) de machine électrique tournante à aimants permanents (7) et à concentration de flux, comportant : un arbre (2) s'étendant selon l'axe de rotation (X) du rotor (1), une masse rotorique (3) disposée sur l'arbre (2), la masse rotorique (3) comportant un assemblage de tôles rotoriques chacune monobloc et comportant : - une ouverture centrale (4) pour son montage sur l'arbre (2), - des logements (5) dans lesquels les aimants permanents (7) sont disposés, et24. Rotor (1) of a permanent magnet rotating electric machine (7) with flux concentration, comprising: a shaft (2) extending along the axis of rotation (X) of the rotor (1), a rotor mass (3) disposed on the shaft (2), the rotor mass (3) comprising an assembly of rotor plates each one-piece and comprising: - a central opening (4) for mounting on the shaft (2), - housing (5) in which the permanent magnets (7) are arranged, and
- dans au moins un intervalle angulaire (40) séparant deux logements (5) consécutifs, au moins un évidement (6) orienté radialement ne débouchant ni sur l'ouverture centrale (4) ni sur les deux logements (5) consécutifs, ce ou ces évidements (6) situés dans ledit intervalle occupant une étendue angulaire (α) autour de l'axe de rotation (X) du rotor (1) supérieure ou égale à la moitié de l'étendue angulaire (β) dudit intervalle (40), chaque logement (5) et les évidements (6) adjacents étant décalés angulairement sans recouvrement angulaire.- In at least one angular interval (40) separating two consecutive housings (5), at least one radially oriented recess (6) does not open either on the central opening (4) or on the two consecutive housings (5), this or these recesses (6) located in said gap occupying an angular extent (α) about the axis of rotation (X) of the rotor (1) greater than or equal to half the angular extent (β) of said gap (40) each housing (5) and the adjacent recesses (6) being angularly offset without angular overlap.
25. Machine tournante électrique comportant un rotor tel que défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 25. Electrical rotating machine comprising a rotor as defined in any one of the preceding claims.
26. Procédé d'équilibrage d'un rotor (1) tel que défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 24, dans lequel on équilibre le rotor (1) par ajout ou enlèvement de matière au niveau d'au moins un évidement (6). 26. A method of balancing a rotor (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the rotor (1) is balanced by adding or removing material at at least one recess (6).
EP09766073A 2008-06-16 2009-06-15 Permanent magnet rotor, and rotating machine comprising such a rotor Withdrawn EP2308151A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0853968A FR2932618B1 (en) 2008-06-16 2008-06-16 ROTOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS AND ROTATING MACHINE COMPRISING SUCH A ROTOR
PCT/FR2009/051132 WO2009153511A2 (en) 2008-06-16 2009-06-15 Permanent magnet rotor, and rotating machine comprising such a rotor

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EP2308151A2 true EP2308151A2 (en) 2011-04-13

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EP (1) EP2308151A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2011524735A (en)
CN (1) CN102067411A (en)
FR (1) FR2932618B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009153511A2 (en)

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Also Published As

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FR2932618A1 (en) 2009-12-18
FR2932618B1 (en) 2010-11-19
US20110121668A1 (en) 2011-05-26
WO2009153511A2 (en) 2009-12-23
WO2009153511A3 (en) 2010-05-14
CN102067411A (en) 2011-05-18
JP2011524735A (en) 2011-09-01

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