EP2304844A1 - Micro-strip planar array antenna for satellite telecommunications, adapted to operate at different reception and transmission frequencies and with cross-polarizations - Google Patents

Micro-strip planar array antenna for satellite telecommunications, adapted to operate at different reception and transmission frequencies and with cross-polarizations

Info

Publication number
EP2304844A1
EP2304844A1 EP09762136A EP09762136A EP2304844A1 EP 2304844 A1 EP2304844 A1 EP 2304844A1 EP 09762136 A EP09762136 A EP 09762136A EP 09762136 A EP09762136 A EP 09762136A EP 2304844 A1 EP2304844 A1 EP 2304844A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating elements
antenna
feeding
radiating
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09762136A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2304844B1 (en
Inventor
Tindaro Cadili
Carmelo Mollura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Selex ES SpA
Original Assignee
Selex Communications SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Selex Communications SpA filed Critical Selex Communications SpA
Publication of EP2304844A1 publication Critical patent/EP2304844A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2304844B1 publication Critical patent/EP2304844B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • One exemplary embodiment is a micro-strip planar antenna in printed technology with radiating patch elements.
  • every radiating element would have to be made so as to be adapted to operate over the whole band.
  • the radiating elements are narrow-band elements, for which reason it thus becomes necessary to make two separate antenna modules, one arranged for operating in reception in a first range of frequencies, and one arranged for operating in transmission in a second range of frequencies.
  • the micro-strip distribution network comprises a ground plane 100, a dielectric substrate 110 and conductive tracks 120 arranged according to a predetermined branched configuration for the feeding to a set of radiating elements (12T, 12R) of an antenna module according to a predetermined phase shifting of the signals.
  • the slot extends according to a direction angularly misaligned with the discontinuities in shape (bevelled corners, peripheral incisions) of the areas forming the radiating elements, and therefore the radiating elements are asymmetrically shaped with respect to a median axis thereof, coinciding with the direction of the slot extension (or, in equivalent words, with the direction of extension of the section of micro-strip feeding line associated with it), so as to emit electromagnetic radiation according to a circular polarization.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

A micro-strip planar array antenna is disclosed, having a radiation surface (S) comprising first radiating elements (12T) arranged for operating in transmission and second radiating elements (12R) arranged for operating in reception, and a signal feeding network arranged on a plane parallel to the radiation surface (S), including micro-strip lines (120) ca- pacitively coupled to the aforementioned elements (12R, 12T). The first and second radiating elements (12R, 12T) are made on a same radiation surface (S) of the antenna according to an intercalated configuration, and are adapted to operate at different frequency ranges and perpendicular polarizations.

Description

Micro-strip planar array antenna for satellite telecommunications, adapted to operate at different reception and transmission frequencies and with cross-polarizations
The present invention concerns planar antennas, and more specifically a planar array antenna for satellite telecommunications according to the preamble of claim 1.
It is known to use satellite communications between mobile means and fixed stations on the ground to overcome possible limitations due to the reciprocal geographical location of the communicating apparatuses, which could not be covered by a terrestrial communication network in the areas in which they are located and possibly move.
The antennas used for satellite connections must have a high directivity in order to ensure a good quality connection. In operating conditions in which it is necessary to communicate from or to a moving vehicle through a satellite connection, the directive antenna of the communication apparatus used on board the moving vehicle must ensure that the connection is maintained for the whole time and for every orientation of the vehicle.
To maintain the connection it is therefore necessary to be able to use a dynamically ori- entable antenna during the movement of the vehicle, or - more generally - an antenna the radiation diagram of which is dynamically orientable.
The antenna must not offer resistance to the motion of the vehicle on which it is installed, and therefore it must have a very small size and a low profile, and it must be able to quickly vary its pointing direction.
Generally, for these purposes it is not possible to use parabolic antennas, which have the best characteristics for respecting the aforementioned radiation needs (directivity), since during the movement of the vehicles they would undergo great stress and it would not be possible to maintain their pointing.
The adopted solution is a planar antenna comprising an array of radiating elements with variable phase shift which allow the electronic scanning of the beam on the elevation plane.
One exemplary embodiment is a micro-strip planar antenna in printed technology with radiating patch elements.
In the most common typical case of X-band communication, two separate antenna modules are made, one arranged for operating in reception with a first polarization, and one arranged for operating in transmission with a second polarization.
For this reason the radiating elements take up twice the necessary space to ensure the antenna performances.
EP 0 342 175 discloses a dual-polarized printed circuit array antenna comprising patch radiating elements arranged on two layers, each of which is associated with a radiation polarization. Each layer of radiating elements has a respective feeding distribution layer associated with it, including micro-strip feedlines with which the radiating elements are ca- pacitively coupled. Specifically, the configuration of the antenna patches is such as to allow a circular polarization in a first sense for the radiating elements of a first layer, and a circular polarization in the opposite sense for the radiating elements of the other layer to be obtained.
The antenna thus made is adapted to operate in a single transmission band with dual circular polarization thanks to the use of a component outside of the antenna (90° hybrid).
The present invention has the purpose of providing a planar array antenna for satellite telecommunications having a greater efficiency in transmission and in reception, compared to known solutions, and a reduced bulk.
According to the present invention such a purpose is achieved thanks to a planar array antenna having the characteristics described in claim 1.
Particular embodiments are subject of the dependent claims, which should be considered integral and inclusive part of the present description.
Briefly, the present invention is based upon the principle of making a planar array antenna using narrow-band radiating elements, respectively grouped into a set of radiating elements for transmission and a set of radiating elements for reception, intercalated on the same radiation surface, to make an antenna adapted to the most common and typical case of X- band satellite communication.
In order to make a single antenna which can be used on the whole X-band in transmission and in reception every radiating element would have to be made so as to be adapted to operate over the whole band. In the case of a micro-strip planar antenna in printed technology with patch radiating elements, the radiating elements are narrow-band elements, for which reason it thus becomes necessary to make two separate antenna modules, one arranged for operating in reception in a first range of frequencies, and one arranged for operating in transmission in a second range of frequencies.
By separating the antenna modules in reception from those in transmission and integrating the modules into the same radiation surface of the antenna, intercalating the respective radiating elements, a single antenna assembly having a reduced size compared to the previous known solutions is obtained.
In the arrangement according to the invention the radiating elements in transmission and the radiating elements in reception are mutually affected by being close to each other, and to reduce the coupling problems, different patterns of radiating elements are used, adapted to radiate different polarizations. In a preferred embodiment, the radiating elements of the first module are made like square patches with two truncated opposite corners, adapted to radiate a left circular polarization and the radiating elements of the second module are made as circular patches with discontinuities (notches) along the circumference, adapted to radiate a right circular polarization.
Conveniently, the electromagnetic currents to the patches are induced by capacitive effect by respective micro-strip circuits through slots made on the ground plane under the patch layer.
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will be set forth in greater detail in the following detailed description of an embodiment thereof, given as an example and not for limiting purposes, with reference to the attached drawings, in which: figure 1 is a plan representation of an antenna according to the invention, comprising a 2x2 array of first radiating elements arranged for transmission, intercalated with a 2x2 array of second radiating elements arranged for reception; figure 2 is a cross-section representation of the antenna according to the invention; figures 3 and 4 show respective embodiments of radiating elements of the antenna; and figure 5 is a plan representation of an antenna according to the invention, comprising a 2x8 array of first radiating elements arranged for transmission, intercalated with a 2x8 array of second radiating elements arranged for reception, and respective feeding distribution network.
Figure 1 shows a whole module 10, of a planar array antenna, including a transmission module 1OT comprising a 2x2 array of first radiating elements 12T adapted to radiate a left circular polarization, and a reception module 1OR comprising a 2x2 array of second radiating elements 12R adapted to radiate a right circular polarization.
In the specific case of a currently preferred embodiment, an X-band antenna is shown, operating in the range of frequencies [7.25÷7.75] GHz for reception, and in the range of frequencies [7.9÷8.4] GHz for transmission.
In figure 1 - according to a plan view - the intercalated arrangement of the radiating elements 12T, 12R on a radiation surface S of the antenna is shown.
The radiating elements 12T, 12R of each module are arranged in a matrix with parallel rows. In the overall arrangement of the antenna, the parallel rows of the radiating elements of different modules (12T, 12R) are alternated and staggered apart by half a pitch, so that there is a sort of intercalated quincunx arrangement. The multi- layered structure making up the antenna 10 as a whole, including a feeding distribution network F and an array of radiating elements R, is schematically shown in figure
2.
Specifically, the micro-strip distribution network comprises a ground plane 100, a dielectric substrate 110 and conductive tracks 120 arranged according to a predetermined branched configuration for the feeding to a set of radiating elements (12T, 12R) of an antenna module according to a predetermined phase shifting of the signals.
The array of radiating elements R in turn comprises a respective ground plane 130 overlapping the distribution network F and separated by it by a dielectric spacer layer 140, a respective dielectric substrate 150 and radiating areas (patches) 160 deposited upon it, possibly protected by an external radome coating layer (not shown) permeable to electromagnetic radiations.
The radiating elements 12T used in transmission are preferably made like square areas with a pair of opposite bevelled corners 160', as shown in figure 3, such corners 160' constituting discontinuities adapted to determine a radiation with circular polarization.
The radiating elements 12R used in reception are preferably made as circular areas which have a pair of peripheral diametrically opposite incisions 160", as shown in figure 4, the incisions constituting discontinuities adapted to determine a radiation with circular polarization.
In both modules, the 2x2 array arrangement comprises a first pair of diagonally opposite elements (12T or 12R) arranged according to a first orientation and a second pair of diagonally opposite elements (12T or 12R), rotated by 90° with respect to the elements of the first pair.
The feeding to the elements 12T, 12R occurs through an elongated slot 200 made on the respective ground plane 130, at which a section of micro-strip line 120 of the feeding network F extends, oriented according to a direction perpendicular to the direction of main ex- tension of the slot 200, so as to induce electromagnetic currents in the corresponding radiating element through the same slot.
The slot extends according to a direction angularly misaligned with the discontinuities in shape (bevelled corners, peripheral incisions) of the areas forming the radiating elements, and therefore the radiating elements are asymmetrically shaped with respect to a median axis thereof, coinciding with the direction of the slot extension (or, in equivalent words, with the direction of extension of the section of micro-strip feeding line associated with it), so as to emit electromagnetic radiation according to a circular polarization.
Of course, any other technique for making a radiating element asymmetrical in order to make it adapted to emit a radiation with circular polarization is applicable to the structure of the radiating elements 12T and 12R used here, providing that the rule of attributing mutually perpendicular polarizations (circular polarizations in opposite senses, perpendicular linear polarizations) to the elements intended for transmission and for reception, is respected.
In proximity of the coupling with the slot 200, the micro-strip feeding line has a widened- section matching stub 220, constituting a portion of open circuit line, adapted to ensure that the energy sent over the feeding line transits mostly over the patch without returning back (reflected wave).
In figure 5 an array antenna is schematically shown in plan comprising a 2x8 array of first radiating elements arranged for transmission, intercalated with a 2x8 array of second radiating elements ararnged for reception. In a sort of "transparent" view, the underlying feeding distribution network F and the slots 200 for coupling the feeding network with the radiating elements are also shown.
In the figure it is possible to identify four transmission subsets TM1-TM4 arranged side by side and four reception subsets RM1-RM4 arranged side by side, intercalated with each other as in figure 1. The first row of radiating elements in transmission 12T is served by a branched feeding line 120a so as to feed in phase the elements of the subsets TM1-TM4.
The second row of radiating elements in reception 12R is served by a feeding line 120b also branched so as to feed in phase the elements of the subsets TR1-TR4.
The same occurs for the third row of radiating elements in transmission 12T, served by a respective feeding line 120c, and for the fourth row of radiating elements in reception 12R, served by a feeding line 12Od.
The radiating elements distributed along one row are all equiphase, whereas it is possible to control the phase shift between one row and the next through integration of variable phase shifters integrated upstream of the respective feeding lines 120a- 120a', which allow phase differences to be created between one row and the next so that the radiation diagram has a major lobe with pointing different from 0° and strictly connected to the applied phase differences.
Advantageously, as well as the smaller size given by the arrangement of the radiating elements on a single layer, the use of radiating elements having different shapes allows the isolation between reception and transmission modules to be increased, i.e. the transmitted signal does not interfere with the received one, in the case of simultaneous radiation in the two polarizations.
A further advantage is obtained thanks to the successive rotation by 90° of the radiating elements of each module, which allows the radiative performance of the array to be improved in terms of purity of polarization.
Advantageously, an antenna thus made can be installed on the roof of a vehicle, so as to allow a satellite radio communication to be made and maintained during the movement of the vehicle.
Of course, without affecting the principle of the finding, the embodiments and the details can be widely varied with respect to what has been described and illustrated purely as an example and not for limiting purposes, without for this reason departing from the scope of protection of the present invention defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. Micro-strip planar array antenna, comprising a first antenna module (10T), including a first plurality of planar radiating elements (12T) arranged for operating in transmission, a second antenna module (10R), including a second plurality of planar radiating elements (12R) arranged for operating in reception, and a network (F) for feeding signals to said radiating elements (12R, 12T), including an arrangement of micro-strip lines (120) capacitively coupled with said elements (12R, 12T), characterized in that said first and second modules (1OR, 10T) are made on a same radiation surface (S) of the antenna according to an intercalated arrangement of the respective radiating elements (12R; 12T), wherein the first radiating elements (12T) are adapted to operate in a first range of frequencies with a first polarization, and the second radiating elements (12R) are adapted to operate in a second range of frequencies with a second polarization, perpendicular to said first polarization, and said feeding network (F) is arranged on a plane parallel to the radiation surface (S) of the antenna.
2. Antenna according to claim 1, wherein said radiating elements (12R, 12T) comprise radiating areas (patches) (160) with profile discontinuities (160'; 160"), so that they are adapted to determining a radiation according to a circular polarization.
3. Antenna according to claim 2, wherein said first radiating elements (12T) comprise square radiating areas (patches) (160) having a pair of opposed bevelled corners (160').
4. Antenna according to claim 2, wherein said second radiating elements (12R) comprise circular radiating areas (patches) (160) having a pair of diametrically opposite peripheral notches (160").
5. Antenna according to claim 2, wherein: said feeding network (F) comprises a ground plane (100), a dielectric substrate (110) overlapping said ground plane (100) and conductive tracks (120) arranged on said substrate (110) according to a predetermined branch configuration for feeding signals to a subset of radiating elements (12T; 12R) of a module of the antenna (1OR; 10T) according to a predetermined phase relationship; and said first and second antenna modules (1OR, 10T) comprise a respective ground plane (130) overlapping the feeding network (F) and separated from it through a dielectric spacer layer (140), a dielectric substrate (150) overlapping said ground plane (130) and metalized radiating areas (patches) (160) arranged on said substrate (150).
6. Antenna according to claim 5, wherein said radiating elements (12R, 12T) are coupled with signal feeding lines (120) through respective elongated feeding slots (200) made on the relative ground plane (130), at which a portion of said feeding line (120) extends, orientated perpendicularly with respect to the direction of the main extension of the slot (200).
7. Antenna according to claim 6, wherein said feeding slots (200) extend according to directions angularly misaligned with the profile discontinuities (160'; 160") of the radiating areas (160), for which reason the radiating elements (12R, 12T) are asymmetrically shaped with respect to a median axis thereof coinciding with the direction of the extension of the corresponding feeding slot (200).
8. Antenna according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said feeding lines (120) have a wid- ened-section matching stub (220), constituting a portion of open circuit line, near to the feeding slot (200).
9. Antenna according to claim 2, wherein each antenna module (1OR; 10T) includes at least an 2x2 array of radiating elements (12R; 12T) comprising a first pair of diagonally opposite elements arranged according to a first orientation and a second pair of diagonally opposite elements, arranged rotated by 90° with respect to the elements of the first pair.
10. Antenna according to claim 9, wherein said first antenna module (10T) comprises an array of radiating elements (12T) adapted to radiate a left circular polarization, and said second antenna module (10R) comprises an array of radiating elements (12R) adapted to radiate a right circular polarization.
11. Antenna according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the radiating elements (12R; 12T) of each module (1OR; 10T) are arranged in a matrix with parallel rows, and the parallel rows of the radiating elements of different modules (12T, 12R) are alternated and staggered apart by half a pitch, so that there is a sort of intercalated quincunx arrangement.
12. Antenna according to claim 11, wherein the radiating elements (12R, 12T) belonging to a row of an antenna module (1OR, 10T) are fed in equiphase by a branched feeding line (120), the rows of a module (12R; 12T) being fed according to a predetermined phase relationship by respective feeding lines (120a- 12Od) with which phase shifters are associated adapted to control the phase differences between one row and the next.
EP09762136.1A 2008-06-10 2009-06-09 Micro-strip planar array antenna for satellite telecommunications, adapted to operate at different reception and transmission frequencies and with cross-polarizations Active EP2304844B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO20080447 ITTO20080447A1 (en) 2008-06-10 2008-06-10 PLANAR MICRO-STRIPED CABLE ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATIONS, SUITABLE FOR OPERATION WITH DIFFERENT RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION FREQUENCIES AND WITH CROSS POLARIZATIONS.
PCT/IB2009/052444 WO2009150609A1 (en) 2008-06-10 2009-06-09 Micro-strip planar array antenna for satellite telecommunications, adapted to operate at different reception and transmission frequencies and with cross-polarizations

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2304844A1 true EP2304844A1 (en) 2011-04-06
EP2304844B1 EP2304844B1 (en) 2015-08-12

Family

ID=40302140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09762136.1A Active EP2304844B1 (en) 2008-06-10 2009-06-09 Micro-strip planar array antenna for satellite telecommunications, adapted to operate at different reception and transmission frequencies and with cross-polarizations

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP2304844B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2552204T3 (en)
IT (1) ITTO20080447A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009150609A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9112262B2 (en) 2011-06-02 2015-08-18 Brigham Young University Planar array feed for satellite communications
US9112270B2 (en) 2011-06-02 2015-08-18 Brigham Young Univeristy Planar array feed for satellite communications
CN102522634B (en) * 2011-12-13 2015-04-15 华为技术有限公司 Antenna apparatus, base station and communication system
EP4443654A2 (en) 2015-05-11 2024-10-09 Get Sat Communications Ltd. Methods circuits devices assemblies and systems for wireless communication
US10854969B2 (en) * 2016-09-29 2020-12-01 Getsat Communications Ltd. Methods circuits devices assemblies and systems for providing an active antenna
CN113725629B (en) * 2021-11-02 2022-01-25 成都雷电微力科技股份有限公司 High-power dual-frequency dual-polarized tile-type active phased-array antenna

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US4926189A (en) 1988-05-10 1990-05-15 Communications Satellite Corporation High-gain single- and dual-polarized antennas employing gridded printed-circuit elements
US5923296A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-07-13 Raytheon Company Dual polarized microstrip patch antenna array for PCS base stations
BR0116985A (en) 2001-04-16 2004-12-21 Fractus Sa Dual band and dual polarization antenna array
US7605758B2 (en) 2005-05-13 2009-10-20 Go Net Systems Ltd. Highly isolated circular polarized antenna
US7061432B1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-06-13 X-Ether, Inc. Compact and low profile satellite communication antenna system
US7545333B2 (en) * 2006-03-16 2009-06-09 Agc Automotive Americas R&D Multiple-layer patch antenna

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See references of WO2009150609A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2304844B1 (en) 2015-08-12
ES2552204T3 (en) 2015-11-26
WO2009150609A1 (en) 2009-12-17
ITTO20080447A1 (en) 2009-12-11

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