EP2304838A1 - Battery cooling in particular for a vehicle battery - Google Patents

Battery cooling in particular for a vehicle battery

Info

Publication number
EP2304838A1
EP2304838A1 EP09776863A EP09776863A EP2304838A1 EP 2304838 A1 EP2304838 A1 EP 2304838A1 EP 09776863 A EP09776863 A EP 09776863A EP 09776863 A EP09776863 A EP 09776863A EP 2304838 A1 EP2304838 A1 EP 2304838A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
battery according
battery
individual cells
cooling device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09776863A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Bolze
Christian Bragrock
Jens Meintschel
Dirk Schröter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG filed Critical Daimler AG
Publication of EP2304838A1 publication Critical patent/EP2304838A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/512—Connection only in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery having a battery housing and a cooling device for controlling the temperature of the battery, wherein the battery has a plurality of parallel and / or serial interconnected by cell connectors individual cells.
  • a battery for use in motor vehicles in particular in motor vehicles with a hybrid drive or fuel cell vehicles, a cell block of several electrically connected in series and / or parallel single cells (also called single cells), for example, lithium-ion cells, on.
  • single cells also called single cells
  • the individual cells must be cooled in order to dissipate the resulting heat loss.
  • a cooling device is used, which is thermally connected to the individual cells.
  • the cooling device is arranged on a pole side of the individual cells, at which there are electrical pole contacts of the individual cells, which are electrically connected in pairs by cell connectors.
  • the cooling device is designed as a flow-through of a coolant cooling tube, which is conductively connected to the individual cells via heat conducting plates arranged between these heat.
  • the cooling device is designed as a heat-conducting plate arranged on one pole side of the individual cells, which is used for cooling the single cell is in thermal contact with cell connectors of pole contacts of the single cells.
  • the cooling device is designed as a cooling bellows made of a deformable, heat-conducting material.
  • the cooling bellows is placed in several folds around the individual cells and can be flowed through by a heat transfer medium via which heat can be discharged from the individual cells.
  • US 2005/0174092 A1 discloses a battery whose cooling device comprises a number of cooling channels.
  • pole contacts of the individual cells and their electrically connecting cell connectors are arranged in the cooling channels for cooling the individual cells and can be cooled convectively by means of a gas flowing through the cooling channels.
  • the cell connectors preferably have cooling fins extending into the cooling channels in order to increase their coolable surface area.
  • the cell connectors serve to fix the individual cells, in that they are designed as shims for screw nuts for fastening the pole contacts to walls of the cooling channels.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a battery with improved cooling of the individual cells.
  • the battery with a battery housing comprises a plurality of individual cells interconnected in parallel and / or in series by cell connectors, which are fastened prestressably to a cooling device by means of the cell connectors.
  • the individual cells are usually connected in each case via acting on pole contacts forces with the cooling device.
  • the invention provides that the individual cells can be fastened to the cooling device by means of a prestressable connection of the form-fitting or force-fittingly arranged on or in pole contacts of the individual cells and thus supported on these cell connectors.
  • the individual cells are connected via the tensionable cell connectors to the cooling device, for. B. pressed against an underside of the cooling device.
  • the to applied tensile force is introduced via the cell connectors in the individual cells, so that the pole contacts are mechanically relieved.
  • the direct contact pressure of the individual cells to the cooling device improves the cooling of the individual cells and the stability of the cell assembly of the individual cells.
  • a permanent bias in the press assembly of cooling device and single cells over the life of the battery is effected.
  • the cell connectors for a prestressable connection of individual cells and cooling device are elastic, in particular resilient.
  • Such a configuration of the biasable connection has the advantage that the bias for each individual cell individually by appropriate tightening the cell connector z. B. can be adjusted by means of a screw. As a result, particularly advantageous production-related differences in the dimensions of the individual cells can be compensated.
  • the cell connectors have an omega-shaped or loop-shaped longitudinal section.
  • the height of the bias is determined by the distance of the Omegaschenkel the o- or circular omega element and the height of the cavity of the o- or circular omega.
  • the cell connectors are arranged on the pole contacts such that they represent an upside-down omega in the longitudinal section of the battery, the Omegaschenkel are attached to the pole contacts of adjacent individual cells and the circular omega element on the front side of the individual cells form and frictionally rests in the assembled state ,
  • the height of the cell connector is expediently greater than the height of the pole contacts of the respective individual cell protruding from the cooling device.
  • each cell connector is provided with one spring element.
  • the cell connector has an additional spring element, which is arranged on the cell connector and aligned in the direction of the end faces of the individual cells.
  • the respective, in particular s-shaped spring element form and locks, in particular latching on the relevant cell connector can be arranged and fastened.
  • the respective spring element is made of at least electrically insulating material, for. As plastic, formed.
  • the respective spring element is at least temperature resistant.
  • the cooling device is a thermally conductive in contact with the individual cells in heat conduction. This allows a simple and space-saving design of the battery.
  • the cell connectors are in heat-conducting contact with the cooling device designed as a heat-conducting plate.
  • the cooling device designed as a heat-conducting plate.
  • an electrically insulating heat conducting foil is provided on the cooling device, in particular on the upper side in the direction of the cell connectors.
  • the cooling device in particular the heat-conducting plate, expediently has bores and / or cuts for the passage of the pole contacts in the region of the pole contacts of the individual cells.
  • the heat-conducting foil also has recesses for the passage of the pole contacts.
  • the heat conducting plate may have a channel structure for a coolant flowing through this channel structure.
  • the channel structure is connected to an air conditioning or cooling circuit of an air conditioning system of the vehicle, wherein as coolant, for example, cooling air or a refrigerant of the air conditioner flows through the channel structure of the heat conducting, so that via the coolant transferred to the heat transfer plate heat loss of the individual cells from the battery can be derived ,
  • the respective individual cell preferably has a honeycomb-shaped sheathing, which likewise allows optimized cooling, in that the honeycomb-shaped sheath is preferably formed from an electrically insulating and particularly good heat-conducting material.
  • the battery is preferably a vehicle battery, in particular a battery for a vehicle with hybrid drive or a fuel cell vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a series of parallel juxtaposed individual cells, which are frontally fixed by means of omega-shaped cell connectors biased to a cooling device,
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically another embodiment of a series of
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal section of the row of individual cells according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically an embodiment of an omega-shaped
  • Cell connector in perspective, 5 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of the invention in perspective view with a series of parallel juxtaposed individual cells, which are frontally fixed by means of conventional cell connectors and these can be arranged spring elements biased to a cooling device,
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically the row of single cells according to Figure 5 in longitudinal section
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically an embodiment of a spring element which can be fastened to a cell connector, in perspective view.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a row of individual cells 1 arranged parallel next to one another. Several such rows of individual cells 1 can be connected to form a cell network which forms a battery (not shown).
  • Adjacent individual cells 1 are electrically connected to one another on the pole side by means of cell connectors 2 in series and / or in parallel.
  • each cell connector 2 connects a pole contact 1.1 of a single cell 1 with a pole contact 1.2 of the adjacent single cell 1 electrically conductive with each other.
  • a pole contact 1.1 of a single cell 1 with a pole contact 1.2 of the adjacent single cell 1 electrically conductive with each other.
  • the individual cells 1 are attached to the cooling end face or pole side to a cooling device 3 prestressed, in particular pressed.
  • the individual cells 1 are arranged below the cooling device 3 at this and above this via the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 electrically connected to each other by means of the cell connector 2.
  • the individual cells 1 furthermore each have a honeycomb-shaped heat-conducting cell housing 1.3, through which heat can be conducted to the cooling device 3.
  • the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 of the respective individual cell 1 are led out through the cooling device 3.
  • the cooling device 3 is designed as a heat-conducting plate (also called cooling plate).
  • the cooling device 3 may be provided with a channel structure 3.1, through which a coolant is feasible, for.
  • B. a cooling medium of an air conditioning circuit of an air conditioner.
  • a heat-conducting and electrically insulating heat-conducting film 4 may be arranged between the cell connectors 2 and the cooling device 3.
  • the heat-conducting foil 4 may alternatively also be formed as a mat.
  • the cell connectors 2 are formed elastically. Preferably, these are resilient.
  • FIG. 1 shows a possible exemplary embodiment for elastic cell connectors 2.
  • These are omega-shaped or looped with lateral Omegaschenkeln 2.1 and a middle circular or o-shaped omega element 2.2 executed.
  • the cell connectors 2 are separate individual elements.
  • these can also be integrated in a so-called cell connector board, in which, for example, electrical components for cell voltage monitoring and / or cell voltage compensation are integrated.
  • the strength of the bias is determined by the distance of the omega leg 2.1 to the o- or circular omega element 2.2 and the height of the cavity of the o- or circular omega 2.2.
  • the cell connectors 2 are arranged on the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 of adjacent individual cells 1 such that they represent an upside-down omega in the longitudinal section of the individual cells 1, whose Omegaschenke! 2.1 are attached to the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 adjacent individual cells 1 and the circular omega 2.2 on the front side of the adjacent individual cells 1 form-fitting and frictionally applied in the assembled state.
  • the individual cells 1 are prestressed attached to the cooling device 3.
  • Figure 2 shows another embodiment of a series of single cells 1 in an exploded view.
  • a heat-conducting and electrically insulating shaped body 5 is arranged between the cooling device 3 and the individual cells 1.
  • the molded body 5 is used for electrical insulation of the pole contacts 1.1 and 1.2 of the respective single cell 1 and has to the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 corresponding recesses 5.1, 5.2.
  • the molded body 5 extends at least partially into recesses 3.2 of the cooling device 3. Through the recesses 5.1, 5.2 and the recess 3.2, the pole contacts are 1.1 and 1.2, as well as usable in these fasteners 6, z. As screws or rivets, out.
  • the fastening means 6 in holes 2.3 of the omega link 2.1 of the cell connector 2 and in through holes 4.1 of the heat-conducting 4, in the recess 3.2 of the cooling device 3 and in the recesses 5.1, 5.2 of the molded body 5 set to the respective pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 and screwed or clipped there.
  • the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 corresponding to an internal thread or internal detents.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the row of individual cells 1 according to FIG. 2 in longitudinal section.
  • a first pole contact 1.1 is electrically insulated from the cell housing 1.4 of the respective individual cell 1 by being fastened to a cell housing cover 8 via electrically insulating seals 7.
  • a washer 9 is arranged above them, which preferably consists of metal.
  • the first pole contact 1.1 is rivet-shaped in a region above the washer 9, so that a bulge 10 extending annularly around the first pole contact 1.1 results, which rests on the washer 9, so that the first pole contact 1.1 is securely held in the cell housing cover 8 ,
  • the second pole contact 1.2 is electrically conductively connected to the cell housing 1.4 and in particular the cell housing cover 8.
  • the omega-shaped cell connectors 2 have a greater height h than the height of the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 of the respective individual cell 1 protruding from the cooling device 3.
  • the elastic cell connectors 2 are biased so that they compress the cooling device 3 in an advantageous manner against the composite of single cells 1 and thus produce an improved heat-conducting contact between the cooling device 3 and the cell assembly.
  • this bias can be supported by the application of a battery cover, not shown, on the top of the cell assembly.
  • FIG 4 shows schematically an embodiment of an omega-shaped cell connector 2 in detail in perspective view.
  • the cell connector 2 has the central circular omega 2.2, from which the two Omegaschenkel 2.1 side go off on.
  • Omegaschenkeln 2.1 holes 2.3 are introduced, the shape of which correspond to the shape of the shank of the fastening means 6 and whose cross-sectional area is greater than the cross-sectional area of the shank of the fastening means 6.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the invention in perspective view with a series of parallel juxtaposed individual cells 1, the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 frontally by means of conventional cell connectors 2 ', z.
  • B. a simple elongated metal sheet, are electrically connected to each other.
  • additional spring elements 11 can be arranged on the conventional cell connectors 2 " Embodiment, the cell connector 2 and the spring element 11 may be separate components. Alternatively, these may be formed as a molded part.
  • Figure 6 shows schematically the row of single cells 1 according to Figure 5 in longitudinal section and Figure 7 shows schematically an embodiment of such a spring element 1 1, which is fastened to a cell connector 2 ', in perspective view.
  • the spring element 11 comprises in longitudinal extent an elastic profile structure 11.1, z. B. an S-shaped profile structure.
  • This elastic profile structure 11.1 allows the above-described prestressed connection of the individual cells 1 to the cooling device 3.
  • the spring element 11 is formed at least of electrically insulating plastic and preferably made of a heat-conducting material and temperature resistant.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery having a cooling apparatus (3) for temperature control of the battery, wherein the battery has a plurality of individual cells (1) which are connected in parallel and/or in series with one another by means of cell connectors (2, 2'). According to the invention, the individual cells (1) are attached to the cooling apparatus (3) such that they can be prestressed by means of the cell connectors (2, 21).

Description

BATTERIEKÜHLUNG, INSBESONDERE FÜR FAHRZEUGBATTERIE BATTERY COOLING, ESPECIALLY FOR VEHICLE BATTERY
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Batterie mit einem Batteriegehäuse und einer Kühlvorrichtung zum Temperieren der Batterie, wobei die Batterie mehrere parallel und/oder seriell durch Zellverbinder miteinander verschaltete Einzelzellen aufweist.The invention relates to a battery having a battery housing and a cooling device for controlling the temperature of the battery, wherein the battery has a plurality of parallel and / or serial interconnected by cell connectors individual cells.
Üblicherweise weist eine Batterie zur Anwendung in Kraftfahrzeugen, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen mit einem Hybridantrieb oder Brennstoffzellenfahrzeugen, einen Zellblock aus mehreren elektrisch in Reihe und/oder parallel geschalteten Einzelzellen (auch Einzelzellen genannt), beispielsweise Lithium-Ionen-Zellen, auf.Usually, a battery for use in motor vehicles, in particular in motor vehicles with a hybrid drive or fuel cell vehicles, a cell block of several electrically connected in series and / or parallel single cells (also called single cells), for example, lithium-ion cells, on.
Die Einzelzellen müssen gekühlt werden, um die entstehende Verlustwärme abzuführen. Dazu wird eine Kühlvorrichtung eingesetzt, die mit den Einzelzellen thermisch verbunden ist.The individual cells must be cooled in order to dissipate the resulting heat loss. For this purpose, a cooling device is used, which is thermally connected to the individual cells.
Bei einer so genannten Kopfkühlung der Einzelzellen ist die Kühlvorrichtung an einer Polseite der Einzelzellen angeordnet, an der sich elektrische Polkontakte der Einzelzellen befinden, die paarweise durch Zellverbinder elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sind.In a so-called head cooling of the individual cells, the cooling device is arranged on a pole side of the individual cells, at which there are electrical pole contacts of the individual cells, which are electrically connected in pairs by cell connectors.
Derartige Batterien werden unter anderem in US 6512347 B1 , DE 100 03 740 C1 , DE 602 13 474 T2 und US 2005/0174092 A1 vorgeschlagen.Such batteries are proposed inter alia in US 6512347 B1, DE 100 03 740 C1, DE 602 13 474 T2 and US 2005/0174092 A1.
In US 6512347 B1 wird eine Batterie vorgeschlagen, deren Kühlvorrichtung als ein von einem Kühlmittel durchströmbares Kühlrohr ausgebildet ist, das mit den Einzelzellen über zwischen diesen angeordneten Wärmeleitplatten Wärme leitend verbunden ist.In US 6512347 B1, a battery is proposed, the cooling device is designed as a flow-through of a coolant cooling tube, which is conductively connected to the individual cells via heat conducting plates arranged between these heat.
Bei der in DE 100 03 740 C1 vorgeschlagenen Batterie ist die Kühlvorrichtung als eine an einer Polseite der Einzelzellen angeordnete Wärmeleitplatte ausgebildet, die zur Kühlung der Einzelzellen mit Zellverbindern von Polkontakten der Einzelzellen in thermischem Kontakt ist.In the case of the battery proposed in DE 100 03 740 C1, the cooling device is designed as a heat-conducting plate arranged on one pole side of the individual cells, which is used for cooling the single cell is in thermal contact with cell connectors of pole contacts of the single cells.
Bei der in DE 602 13 474 T2 vorgeschlagenen Batterie ist die Kühlvorrichtung als ein Kühlbalg aus einem verformbaren, Wärme leitenden Material ausgebildet. Der Kühlbalg ist in mehreren Falten um die Einzelzellen gelegt und von einem Wärmeübertragungsmedium durchströmbar, über das Wärme aus den Einzelzellen abführbar ist.In the battery proposed in DE 602 13 474 T2, the cooling device is designed as a cooling bellows made of a deformable, heat-conducting material. The cooling bellows is placed in several folds around the individual cells and can be flowed through by a heat transfer medium via which heat can be discharged from the individual cells.
Aus US 2005/0174092 A1 ist eine Batterie bekannt, deren Kühlvorrichtung eine Anzahl von Kühlkanälen umfasst. Dabei sind zur Kühlung der Einzelzellen Polkontakte der Einzelzellen und sie elektrisch verbindende Zellverbinder in den Kühlkanälen angeordnet und mittels eines die Kühlkanäle durchströmenden Gases konvektiv kühlbar. Die Zellverbinder weisen dazu bevorzugt sich in die Kühlkanäle erstreckende Kühllamellen auf, um ihre kühlbare Oberfläche zu vergrößern. Die Zellverbinder dienen gleichzeitig der Fixierung der Einzelzellen, indem sie als Unterlegelemente für Schraubmuttern zur Befestigung der Polkontakte an Wänden der Kühlkanäle ausgebildet sind.US 2005/0174092 A1 discloses a battery whose cooling device comprises a number of cooling channels. In this case, pole contacts of the individual cells and their electrically connecting cell connectors are arranged in the cooling channels for cooling the individual cells and can be cooled convectively by means of a gas flowing through the cooling channels. For this purpose, the cell connectors preferably have cooling fins extending into the cooling channels in order to increase their coolable surface area. At the same time, the cell connectors serve to fix the individual cells, in that they are designed as shims for screw nuts for fastening the pole contacts to walls of the cooling channels.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Batterie mit verbesserter Kühlung der Einzelzellen anzugeben.The invention is based on the object of specifying a battery with improved cooling of the individual cells.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Batterie gelöst, welche die in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale aufweist.The object is achieved by a battery having the features specified in claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Batterie mit einem Batteriegehäuse umfasst erfindungsgemäß mehrere parallel und/oder seriell durch Zellverbinder miteinander verschaltete Einzelzellen, die an einer Kühlvorrichtung mittels der Zellverbinder vorspannbar befestigt sind.According to the invention, the battery with a battery housing comprises a plurality of individual cells interconnected in parallel and / or in series by cell connectors, which are fastened prestressably to a cooling device by means of the cell connectors.
Bei bekannten Batterien mit Kopfkühlung sind die Einzelzellen üblicherweise jeweils über an Polkontakten angreifende Kräfte mit der Kühlvorrichtung verbunden. Die Erfindung sieht demgegenüber vor, dass die Einzelzellen über eine vorspannbare Verbindung der auf oder in Polkontakten der Einzelzellen form- und kraftschlüssig angeordneten und somit an diesen abgestützten Zellverbindern an der Kühlvorrichtung befestigbar sind. Insbesondere werden die Einzelzellen über die spannbaren Zellverbinder an die Kühlvorrichtung, z. B. an eine Unterseite der Kühlvorrichtung gepresst. Die dazu aufzubringende Zugkraft wird dabei über die Zellverbinder in die Einzelzellen eingeleitet, so dass die Polkontakte mechanisch entlastet sind. Durch die unmittelbare Anpressung der Einzelzellen an die Kühlvorrichtung werden die Kühlung der Einzelzellen und die Stabilität des Zellverbundes der Einzelzellen verbessert. Zudem ist eine dauerhafte Vorspannung im Pressverbund von Kühlvorrichtung und Einzelzellen über die Lebensdauer der Batterie bewirkt.In known batteries with head cooling, the individual cells are usually connected in each case via acting on pole contacts forces with the cooling device. In contrast, the invention provides that the individual cells can be fastened to the cooling device by means of a prestressable connection of the form-fitting or force-fittingly arranged on or in pole contacts of the individual cells and thus supported on these cell connectors. In particular, the individual cells are connected via the tensionable cell connectors to the cooling device, for. B. pressed against an underside of the cooling device. The to applied tensile force is introduced via the cell connectors in the individual cells, so that the pole contacts are mechanically relieved. The direct contact pressure of the individual cells to the cooling device improves the cooling of the individual cells and the stability of the cell assembly of the individual cells. In addition, a permanent bias in the press assembly of cooling device and single cells over the life of the battery is effected.
In einer möglichen Ausführungsform sind die Zellverbinder für eine vorspannbare Verbindung von Einzelzellen und Kühlvorrichtung elastisch, insbesondere federnd ausgebildet. Eine derartige Ausgestaltung der vorspannbaren Verbindung hat den Vorteil, dass die Vorspannung für jede Einzelzelle einzeln durch entsprechendes Anziehen der Zellverbinder z. B. mittels einer Schraube eingestellt werden kann. Dadurch können insbesondere vorteilhaft fertigungsbedingte Unterschiede der Abmessungen der Einzelzellen ausgeglichen werden.In one possible embodiment, the cell connectors for a prestressable connection of individual cells and cooling device are elastic, in particular resilient. Such a configuration of the biasable connection has the advantage that the bias for each individual cell individually by appropriate tightening the cell connector z. B. can be adjusted by means of a screw. As a result, particularly advantageous production-related differences in the dimensions of the individual cells can be compensated.
In einer möglichen Ausführungsform weisen die Zellverbinder einen omegaförmigen oder schleifenförmigen Längsschnitt auf. Dabei wird durch den Abstand der Omegaschenkel zum o- oder kreisförmigen Omegaelement und der Höhe des Hohlraums des o- oder kreisförmigen Omegaelements die Höhe der Vorspannung bestimmt. Beispielsweise sind die Zellverbinder derart auf den Polkontakten angeordnet, dass diese im Längsschnitt der Batterie ein auf dem Kopf stehendes Omega darstellen, dessen Omegaschenkel an den Polkontakten benachbarter Einzelzellen befestigt sind und dessen kreisförmiges Omegaelement auf der Stirnseite der Einzelzellen form- und im montierten Zustand kraftschlüssig anliegt.In one possible embodiment, the cell connectors have an omega-shaped or loop-shaped longitudinal section. In this case, the height of the bias is determined by the distance of the Omegaschenkel the o- or circular omega element and the height of the cavity of the o- or circular omega. For example, the cell connectors are arranged on the pole contacts such that they represent an upside-down omega in the longitudinal section of the battery, the Omegaschenkel are attached to the pole contacts of adjacent individual cells and the circular omega element on the front side of the individual cells form and frictionally rests in the assembled state ,
Darüber hinaus ist die Höhe der Zellverbinder zweckmäßigerweise größer als die aus der Kühlvorrichtung herausragende Höhe der Polkontakte der jeweiligen Einzelzelle. Bei der Montage der Zellverbinder an den Polkontakten der Einzelzellen werden die Zellverbinder so vorgespannt, dass sie die Kühlvorrichtung in vorteilhafter Weise gegen den Verbund von Einzelzellen verpressen und damit einen verbesserten Wärme leitenden Kontakt zwischen Kühlvorrichtung und dem Zellverbund herstellen.In addition, the height of the cell connector is expediently greater than the height of the pole contacts of the respective individual cell protruding from the cooling device. When mounting the cell connectors to the pole contacts of the individual cells, the cell connectors are biased so that they compress the cooling device in an advantageous manner against the composite of single cells and thus produce an improved heat-conducting contact between the cooling device and the cell assembly.
Durch den Kontakt der Zellverbinder mit der Kühlvorrichtung wird außerdem in vorteilhafter Weise ein Teil der in den Einzelzellen erzeugten Verlustwärme über die Polkontakte der Einzelzellen und über die an diesen angeordneten Zellverbinder, die an der Kühlvorrichtung anliegen, an diese Kühlvorrichtung übertragen. Eine alternative Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass je ein Zellverbinder mit je einem Federelement versehen ist. Mit anderen Worten: Der Zellverbinder weist ein zusätzliches Federelement auf, das an dem Zellverbinder angeordnet und in Richtung der Stirnseiten der Einzelzellen ausgerichtet ist.Due to the contact of the cell connectors with the cooling device, moreover, part of the heat loss generated in the individual cells is transferred to the cooling device via the pole contacts of the individual cells and via the cell connectors arranged on the cooling elements. An alternative embodiment provides that each cell connector is provided with one spring element. In other words, the cell connector has an additional spring element, which is arranged on the cell connector and aligned in the direction of the end faces of the individual cells.
Für eine einfache und schnelle Montage ist das jeweilige, insbesondere s-förmige Federelement form- und kraftschlüssig, insbesondere rastend am betreffenden Zellverbinder anordbar und befestigbar.For a simple and quick installation, the respective, in particular s-shaped spring element form and locks, in particular latching on the relevant cell connector can be arranged and fastened.
Zur elektrischen Isolierung gegenüber der Kühlvorrichtung ist das jeweilige Federelement zumindest aus elektrisch isolierendem Material, z. B. Kunststoff, gebildet. Darüber hinaus ist das jeweilige Federelement zumindest temperaturbeständig.For electrical insulation with respect to the cooling device, the respective spring element is made of at least electrically insulating material, for. As plastic, formed. In addition, the respective spring element is at least temperature resistant.
Vorzugsweise ist die Kühlvorrichtung eine mit den Einzelzellen Wärme leitend in Kontakt stehende Wärmeleitplatte. Dies ermöglicht einen einfachen und Bauraum sparenden Aufbau der Batterie.Preferably, the cooling device is a thermally conductive in contact with the individual cells in heat conduction. This allows a simple and space-saving design of the battery.
Durch die elastische Ausbildung der Zellverbinder verpressen diese die Wärmeleitplatte gegen die Einzelzellen in einfacher Art und Weise.Due to the elastic design of the cell connectors, these press the heat conducting plate against the individual cells in a simple manner.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung stehen die Zellverbinder mit der als Wärmeleitplatte ausgebildeten Kühlvorrichtung Wärme leitend in Kontakt. Um die Wärmeleitung noch zu verbessern und die Kühlvorrichtung gegen die Zellverbinder elektrisch zu isolieren, befindet sich in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung auf der Kühlvorrichtung, insbesondere auf der Oberseite in Richtung der Zellverbinder, eine elektrisch isolierende Wärmeleitfolie.In a development of the invention, the cell connectors are in heat-conducting contact with the cooling device designed as a heat-conducting plate. In order to further improve the heat conduction and to electrically isolate the cooling device against the cell connectors, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention on the cooling device, in particular on the upper side in the direction of the cell connectors, an electrically insulating heat conducting foil.
Die Kühlvorrichtung, insbesondere die Wärmeleitplatte, weist zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich der Polkontakte der Einzelzellen Bohrungen und/oder Einschnitte zur Durchführung der Polkontakte auf. Zweckmäßigerweise weist auch die Wärmeleitfolie Aussparungen zur Durchführung der Polkontakte auf.The cooling device, in particular the heat-conducting plate, expediently has bores and / or cuts for the passage of the pole contacts in the region of the pole contacts of the individual cells. Expediently, the heat-conducting foil also has recesses for the passage of the pole contacts.
Zusätzlich kann zwischen der Wärmeleitplatte und den Einzelzellen ein Wärme leitender und elektrisch isolierender Formkörper angeordnet sein. Dieser dient insbesondere der elektrischen Isolierung der Polkontakte einer Einzelzelle. Für eine optimale Wärmeabführung kann die Wärmeleitplatte eine Kanalstruktur für ein diese Kanalstruktur durchströmendes Kühlmittel aufweisen. Beispielsweise ist die Kanalstruktur an einen Klima- oder Kühlkreislauf einer Klimaanlage des Fahrzeugs angeschlossen, wobei als Kühlmittel beispielsweise Kühlluft oder ein Kältemittel der Klimaanlage die Kanalstruktur der Wärmeleitplatte durchströmt, so dass über das Kühlmittel die auf die Wärmeleitplatte übertragene Verlustwärme der Einzelzellen aus der Batterie ableitbar ist.In addition, between the heat conducting plate and the individual cells, a heat-conducting and electrically insulating shaped body can be arranged. This serves in particular for the electrical insulation of the pole contacts of a single cell. For optimum heat dissipation, the heat conducting plate may have a channel structure for a coolant flowing through this channel structure. For example, the channel structure is connected to an air conditioning or cooling circuit of an air conditioning system of the vehicle, wherein as coolant, for example, cooling air or a refrigerant of the air conditioner flows through the channel structure of the heat conducting, so that via the coolant transferred to the heat transfer plate heat loss of the individual cells from the battery can be derived ,
Darüber hinaus weist die jeweilige Einzelzelle vorzugsweise eine wabenförmige Ummantelung auf, welche ebenfalls eine optimierte Kühlung ermöglicht, indem die wabenförmige Ummantelung bevorzugt aus einem elektrisch isolierenden und besonders gut Wärme leitenden Material gebildet ist.In addition, the respective individual cell preferably has a honeycomb-shaped sheathing, which likewise allows optimized cooling, in that the honeycomb-shaped sheath is preferably formed from an electrically insulating and particularly good heat-conducting material.
Die Batterie ist vorzugsweise eine Fahrzeugbatterie, insbesondere eine Batterie für ein Fahrzeug mit Hybridantrieb oder ein Brennstoffzellen-Fahrzeug.The battery is preferably a vehicle battery, in particular a battery for a vehicle with hybrid drive or a fuel cell vehicle.
Ausführungsbeispieie der Erfindung werden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:Ausführungsbeispieie of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Showing:
Fig. 1 schematisch eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Reihe von parallel nebeneinander angeordneten Einzelzellen, die stirnseitig mittels omegaförmiger Zellverbinder an eine Kühlvorrichtung vorgespannt befestigt sind,1 schematically shows a perspective view of a series of parallel juxtaposed individual cells, which are frontally fixed by means of omega-shaped cell connectors biased to a cooling device,
Fig. 2 schematisch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Reihe vonFig. 2 shows schematically another embodiment of a series of
Einzelzellen, die stirnseitig mittels omegaförmiger Zellverbinder an eine Kühlvorrichtung vorgespannt befestigt sind, in Explosionsdarstellung,Single cells, which are fastened to the front end by means of omega-shaped cell connectors biased to a cooling device, in an exploded view,
Fig. 3 schematisch die Reihe von Einzelzellen gemäß Figur 1 im Längsschnitt,3 is a schematic longitudinal section of the row of individual cells according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 4 schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel für einen omegaförmigenFig. 4 shows schematically an embodiment of an omega-shaped
Zellverbinder in perspektivischer Darstellung, Fig. 5 schematisch eine alternative Ausführungsform der Erfindung in perspektivischer Darstellung mit einer Reihe von parallel nebeneinander angeordneten Einzelzellen, die stirnseitig mittels herkömmlicher Zellverbinder und an diesen anordbaren Federelementen an eine Kühlvorrichtung vorgespannt befestigt sind,Cell connector in perspective, 5 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of the invention in perspective view with a series of parallel juxtaposed individual cells, which are frontally fixed by means of conventional cell connectors and these can be arranged spring elements biased to a cooling device,
Fig. 6 schematisch die Reihe von Einzelzellen gemäß Figur 5 im Längsschnitt, undFig. 6 shows schematically the row of single cells according to Figure 5 in longitudinal section, and
Fig. 7 schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Federelement, welches an einen Zellverbinder befestigbar ist, in perspektivischer Darstellung.Fig. 7 shows schematically an embodiment of a spring element which can be fastened to a cell connector, in perspective view.
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Reihe von parallel nebeneinander angeordneten Einzelzellen 1. Dabei können mehrere solcher Reihen von Einzelzellen 1 zu einem Zellverbund verbunden werden, der eine nicht näher dargestellte Batterie bildet.FIG. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a row of individual cells 1 arranged parallel next to one another. Several such rows of individual cells 1 can be connected to form a cell network which forms a battery (not shown).
Benachbarte Einzelzellen 1 sind polseitig mittels Zellverbinder 2 seriell und/oder parallel elektrisch miteinander verschaltet. Hierzu verbindet ein jeder Zellverbinder 2 einen Polkontakt 1.1 der einen Einzelzelle 1 mit einem Polkontakt 1.2 der benachbarten Einzelzelle 1 elektrisch leitend miteinander. Je nach Art der elektrischen Verschaltung - seriell oder parallel - können dabei Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.1 gleicher Polarität oder Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.2 verschiedener Polarität miteinander verbunden werden.Adjacent individual cells 1 are electrically connected to one another on the pole side by means of cell connectors 2 in series and / or in parallel. For this purpose, each cell connector 2 connects a pole contact 1.1 of a single cell 1 with a pole contact 1.2 of the adjacent single cell 1 electrically conductive with each other. Depending on the type of electrical connection - serial or parallel - pole contacts 1.1, 1.1 of the same polarity or pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 different polarity can be connected to each other.
Die Einzelzellen 1 sind zur Kühlung stirn- oder polseitig an eine Kühlvorrichtung 3 vorspannbar befestigt, insbesondere gepresst. Die Einzelzellen 1 sind unterhalb der Kühlvorrichtung 3 an dieser angeordnet und oberhalb dieser über die Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.2 mittels der Zellverbinder 2 elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden.The individual cells 1 are attached to the cooling end face or pole side to a cooling device 3 prestressed, in particular pressed. The individual cells 1 are arranged below the cooling device 3 at this and above this via the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 electrically connected to each other by means of the cell connector 2.
Die Einzelzellen 1 weisen darüber hinaus jeweils ein wabenförmiges Wärme leitendes Zellgehäuse 1.3 auf, durch das Wärme zu der Kühlvorrichtung 3 leitbar ist. Die Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.2 der jeweiligen Einzelzelle 1 sind dabei durch die Kühlvorrichtung 3 herausgeführt. An den Polkontakten 1.1 , 1.2 liegen unterschiedliche elektrische Potentiale an (= Plus- und Minuspol der Einzelzelle 1 ).The individual cells 1 furthermore each have a honeycomb-shaped heat-conducting cell housing 1.3, through which heat can be conducted to the cooling device 3. The pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 of the respective individual cell 1 are led out through the cooling device 3. At the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 are different electrical potentials (= plus and minus pole of the single cell 1).
Die Kühlvorrichtung 3 ist als eine Wärmeleitplatte (auch Kühlplatte genannt) ausgeführt. Die Kühlvorrichtung 3 kann mit einer Kanalstruktur 3.1 versehen sein, durch welche ein Kühlmittel führbar ist, z. B. ein Kühlmedium eines Klimakreislaufs einer Klimaanlage. Über das Kühlmittel ist die auf die Kühlvorrichtung 3, insbesondere die Wärmeleitplatte übertragene Verlustwärme der Einzelzellen 1 aus der Batterie ableitbar.The cooling device 3 is designed as a heat-conducting plate (also called cooling plate). The cooling device 3 may be provided with a channel structure 3.1, through which a coolant is feasible, for. B. a cooling medium of an air conditioning circuit of an air conditioner. About the coolant transferred to the cooling device 3, in particular the heat transfer plate heat loss of the individual cells 1 from the battery can be derived.
Zusätzlich kann zwischen den Zellverbindern 2 und der Kühlvorrichtung 3 eine Wärme leitende und elektrisch isolierende Wärmeleitfolie 4 angeordnet sein. Die Wärmeleitfolie 4 kann alternativ auch als eine Matte ausgebildet sein.In addition, between the cell connectors 2 and the cooling device 3, a heat-conducting and electrically insulating heat-conducting film 4 may be arranged. The heat-conducting foil 4 may alternatively also be formed as a mat.
Für eine einfache und sichere vorgespannte Verbindung der Einzelzellen 1 an der Kühlvorrichtung 3 sind die Zellverbinder 2 elastisch ausgebildet. Bevorzugt sind diese federnd ausgeführt.For a simple and secure preloaded connection of the individual cells 1 to the cooling device 3, the cell connectors 2 are formed elastically. Preferably, these are resilient.
In Figur 1 ist ein mögliches Ausführungsbeispiel für elastische Zellverbinder 2 gezeigt. Diese sind omegaförmig oder schleifenförmig mit seitlichen Omegaschenkeln 2.1 und einem mittleren kreis- oder o-förmigen Omegaelement 2.2 ausgeführt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Zellverbinder 2 separate Einzelelemente. Alternativ können diese auch in einer so genannten Zellverbinderplatine integriert sein, in welche beispielsweise elektrische Bauteile für eine Zellspannungsüberwachung und/oder einen Zellspannungsausgleich integriert sind. Durch eine solche Zellverbinderplatine mit integriertem Zellverbinder 2 wird insbesondere die Montage vereinfacht.FIG. 1 shows a possible exemplary embodiment for elastic cell connectors 2. These are omega-shaped or looped with lateral Omegaschenkeln 2.1 and a middle circular or o-shaped omega element 2.2 executed. In the exemplary embodiment, the cell connectors 2 are separate individual elements. Alternatively, these can also be integrated in a so-called cell connector board, in which, for example, electrical components for cell voltage monitoring and / or cell voltage compensation are integrated. By such a cell connector board with integrated cell connector 2 in particular the assembly is simplified.
Dabei wird durch den Abstand der Omegaschenkel 2.1 zum o- oder kreisförmigen Omegaelement 2.2 und der Höhe des Hohlraums des o- oder kreisförmigen Omegaelements 2.2 die Stärke der Vorspannung bestimmt. Beispielsweise sind die Zellverbinder 2 derart auf den Polkontakten 1.1 , 1.2 benachbarter Einzelzellen 1 angeordnet, dass diese im Längsschnitt der Einzelzellen 1 ein auf dem Kopf stehendes Omega darstellen, dessen Omegaschenke! 2.1 an den Polkontakten 1.1 , 1.2 benachbarter Einzelzellen 1 befestigt sind und dessen kreisförmiges Omegaelement 2.2 auf der Stirnseite der benachbarten Einzelzellen 1 form- und im montierten Zustand kraftschlüssig anliegt. Durch eine derartige Omegaform der Zellverbinder 2 sind die Einzelzellen 1 vorspannbar an der Kühlvorrichtung 3 befestigt.In this case, the strength of the bias is determined by the distance of the omega leg 2.1 to the o- or circular omega element 2.2 and the height of the cavity of the o- or circular omega 2.2. For example, the cell connectors 2 are arranged on the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 of adjacent individual cells 1 such that they represent an upside-down omega in the longitudinal section of the individual cells 1, whose Omegaschenke! 2.1 are attached to the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 adjacent individual cells 1 and the circular omega 2.2 on the front side of the adjacent individual cells 1 form-fitting and frictionally applied in the assembled state. By such Omegaform the cell connector 2, the individual cells 1 are prestressed attached to the cooling device 3.
Figur 2 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Reihe von Einzelzellen 1 in Explosionsdarstellung.Figure 2 shows another embodiment of a series of single cells 1 in an exploded view.
Zusätzlich ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zwischen der Kühlvorrichtung 3 und den Einzelzellen 1 ein Wärme leitender und elektrisch isolierender Formkörper 5 angeordnet. Der Formkörper 5 dient der elektrischen Isolierung der Polkontakte 1.1 und 1.2 der jeweiligen Einzelzelle 1 und weist zu den Polkontakten 1.1 , 1.2 korrespondierende Aussparungen 5.1 , 5.2 auf. Der Formkörper 5 erstreckt sich zumindest teilweise in Ausnehmungen 3.2 der Kühlvorrichtung 3. Durch die Aussparungen 5.1 , 5.2 und die Ausnehmung 3.2 sind die Polkontakte 1.1 und 1.2 sowie in diese einsetzbare Befestigungselemente 6, z. B. Schrauben oder Nieten, geführt.In addition, in this exemplary embodiment, a heat-conducting and electrically insulating shaped body 5 is arranged between the cooling device 3 and the individual cells 1. The molded body 5 is used for electrical insulation of the pole contacts 1.1 and 1.2 of the respective single cell 1 and has to the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 corresponding recesses 5.1, 5.2. The molded body 5 extends at least partially into recesses 3.2 of the cooling device 3. Through the recesses 5.1, 5.2 and the recess 3.2, the pole contacts are 1.1 and 1.2, as well as usable in these fasteners 6, z. As screws or rivets, out.
Im montierten Zustand und somit für eine vorgespannte Verbindung der Einzelzellen 1 an die Kühlvorrichtung 3 werden die Befestigungsmittel 6 in Bohrungen 2.3 der Omegaschenkel 2.1 der Zellverbinder 2 sowie in Durchgangsöffnungen 4.1 der Wärmeleitfolie 4, in die Ausnehmung 3.2 der Kühlvorrichtung 3 sowie in die Aussparungen 5.1 , 5.2 des Formkörpers 5 auf die betreffenden Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.2 gesetzt und dort verschraubt oder verclipst. Hierzu weisen die Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.2 entsprechend ein Innengewinde oder innere Rastungen auf. Durch Anziehen der Befestigungsmittel 6, z. B. Einschrauben der Schrauben in das Innengewinde der Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.2, wird die jeweilige Einzelzelle 1 an die Kühlvorrichtung 3 gepresst. Durch die omegaförmigen Zellverbinder 2, die an den Polkontakten 1.1 , 1.2 beispielsweise mittels Verschraubung befestigt sind, wird eine hinreichende elastische Verformung in Längsachse und somit eine Vorspannung erzielt.In the assembled state and thus for a prestressed connection of the individual cells 1 to the cooling device 3, the fastening means 6 in holes 2.3 of the omega link 2.1 of the cell connector 2 and in through holes 4.1 of the heat-conducting 4, in the recess 3.2 of the cooling device 3 and in the recesses 5.1, 5.2 of the molded body 5 set to the respective pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 and screwed or clipped there. For this purpose, the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 corresponding to an internal thread or internal detents. By tightening the fastener 6, z. B. screwing the screws into the internal thread of the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2, the respective single cell 1 is pressed to the cooling device 3. By the omega-shaped cell connector 2, which are attached to the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2, for example by means of screw, a sufficient elastic deformation in the longitudinal axis and thus a bias is achieved.
Figur 3 zeigt schematisch die Reihe von Einzelzellen 1 gemäß Figur 2 im Längsschnitt.FIG. 3 schematically shows the row of individual cells 1 according to FIG. 2 in longitudinal section.
Dabei ist ein erster Polkontakt 1.1 von dem Zellgehäuse 1.4 der jeweiligen Einzelzelle 1 elektrisch isoliert, indem er über elektrisch isolierende Dichtungen 7 an einem Zellgehäusedeckel 8 befestigt ist. Zum Schutz der Dichtungen 7 ist über ihnen eine Unterlegscheibe 9 angeordnet, die bevorzugt aus Metall besteht. Weiterhin ist der erste Polkontakt 1.1 in einem Bereich oberhalb der Unterlegscheibe 9 nietartig geformt, so dass eine ringförmig um den ersten Polkontakt 1.1 verlaufende Ausbuchtung 10 entsteht, die auf der Unterlegscheibe 9 aufliegt, so dass der erste Polkontakt 1.1 sicher in dem Zellgehäusedeckel 8 gehaltert ist.In this case, a first pole contact 1.1 is electrically insulated from the cell housing 1.4 of the respective individual cell 1 by being fastened to a cell housing cover 8 via electrically insulating seals 7. To protect the seals 7 a washer 9 is arranged above them, which preferably consists of metal. Furthermore, the first pole contact 1.1 is rivet-shaped in a region above the washer 9, so that a bulge 10 extending annularly around the first pole contact 1.1 results, which rests on the washer 9, so that the first pole contact 1.1 is securely held in the cell housing cover 8 ,
Der zweite Polkontakt 1.2 ist elektrisch leitend mit dem Zellgehäuse 1.4 und insbesondere dem Zellgehäusedeckel 8 verbunden.The second pole contact 1.2 is electrically conductively connected to the cell housing 1.4 and in particular the cell housing cover 8.
Wie anhand dieser Darstellung nach Figur 3 zu erkennen ist, weisen die omegaförmigen Zellverbinder 2 eine größere Höhe h als die aus der Kühlvorrichtung 3 herausragende Höhe der Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.2 der jeweiligen Einzelzelle 1 auf. Bei der Montage der Zellverbinder 2 an den Polkontakten 1.1 , 1.2 werden die elastischen Zellverbinder 2 so vorgespannt, dass sie die Kühlvorrichtung 3 in vorteilhafter Weise gegen den Verbund von Einzelzellen 1 verpressen und damit einen verbesserten Wärme leitenden Kontakt zwischen Kühlvorrichtung 3 und dem Zellverbund herstellen. Zusätzlich kann diese Vorspannung noch durch das Aufbringen eines nicht dargestellten Batteriedeckels auf die Oberseite des Zellverbundes unterstützt werden.As can be seen from this illustration according to FIG. 3, the omega-shaped cell connectors 2 have a greater height h than the height of the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 of the respective individual cell 1 protruding from the cooling device 3. When mounting the cell connector 2 to the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2, the elastic cell connectors 2 are biased so that they compress the cooling device 3 in an advantageous manner against the composite of single cells 1 and thus produce an improved heat-conducting contact between the cooling device 3 and the cell assembly. In addition, this bias can be supported by the application of a battery cover, not shown, on the top of the cell assembly.
Figur 4 zeigt schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel für einen omegaförmigen Zellverbinder 2 im Detail in perspektivischer Darstellung. Der Zellverbinder 2 weist das mittlere kreisförmige Omegaelement 2.2, von welchem die zwei Omegaschenkel 2.1 seitlich abgehen, auf. In den Omegaschenkeln 2.1 sind Bohrungen 2.3 eingebracht, deren Form mit der Form des Schaftes des Befestigungsmittels 6 korrespondieren und deren Querschnittsfläche größer als die Querschnittsfläche des Schaftes des Befestigungsmittels 6 ist.Figure 4 shows schematically an embodiment of an omega-shaped cell connector 2 in detail in perspective view. The cell connector 2 has the central circular omega 2.2, from which the two Omegaschenkel 2.1 side go off on. In the Omegaschenkeln 2.1 holes 2.3 are introduced, the shape of which correspond to the shape of the shank of the fastening means 6 and whose cross-sectional area is greater than the cross-sectional area of the shank of the fastening means 6.
Figur 5 zeigt schematisch eine alternative Ausführungsform der Erfindung in perspektivischer Darstellung mit einer Reihe von parallel nebeneinander angeordneten Einzelzellen 1 , deren Polkontakte 1.1 , 1.2 stirnseitig mittels herkömmlicher Zellverbinder 2', z. B. eines einfachen länglichen Metallblechs, elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sind.Figure 5 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the invention in perspective view with a series of parallel juxtaposed individual cells 1, the pole contacts 1.1, 1.2 frontally by means of conventional cell connectors 2 ', z. B. a simple elongated metal sheet, are electrically connected to each other.
Zur vorgespannten Verbindung der Einzelzellen 1 an die Kühlvorrichtung 3, wie oben anhand der omegaförmigen Zellverbinder 2 näher beschrieben, sind an die herkömmlichen Zellverbinder 2" zusätzlich Federelemente 11 anordbar. Je nach Ausführungsform können der Zellverbinder 2 und das Federelement 11 separate Bauelemente sein. Alternativ können diese als ein Formteil ausgebildet sein.For biased connection of the individual cells 1 to the cooling device 3, as described in more detail above with reference to the omega-shaped cell connectors 2, additional spring elements 11 can be arranged on the conventional cell connectors 2 " Embodiment, the cell connector 2 and the spring element 11 may be separate components. Alternatively, these may be formed as a molded part.
Figur 6 zeigt schematisch die Reihe von Einzelzellen 1 gemäß Figur 5 im Längsschnitt und Figur 7 zeigt schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel für ein solches Federelement 1 1 , welches an einen Zellverbinder 2' befestigbar ist, in perspektivischer Darstellung.Figure 6 shows schematically the row of single cells 1 according to Figure 5 in longitudinal section and Figure 7 shows schematically an embodiment of such a spring element 1 1, which is fastened to a cell connector 2 ', in perspective view.
Das Federelement 11 umfasst in Längsausdehnung eine elastische Profilstruktur 11.1 , z. B. eine s-förmige Profilstruktur. Diese elastische Profilstruktur 11.1 ermöglicht die oben beschriebene vorgespannte Verbindung der Einzelzellen 1 an die Kühlvorrichtung 3. Zur Befestigung des Federelements 1 1 an den Zellverbinder 2' umfasst das Federelement 11 beispielsweise Rasthaken 11.2 oder andere geeignete lösbare Mittel.The spring element 11 comprises in longitudinal extent an elastic profile structure 11.1, z. B. an S-shaped profile structure. This elastic profile structure 11.1 allows the above-described prestressed connection of the individual cells 1 to the cooling device 3. To attach the spring element 1 1 to the cell connector 2 'comprises the spring element 11, for example latching hooks 11.2 or other suitable releasable means.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Federelement 11 zumindest aus elektrisch isolierendem Kunststoff und bevorzugt aus einem Wärme leitenden Material gebildet und temperaturbeständig. Conveniently, the spring element 11 is formed at least of electrically insulating plastic and preferably made of a heat-conducting material and temperature resistant.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Einzelle1 individual
1.1 , 1.2 Polkontakte 1.3 Zellgehäuse1.1, 1.2 pole contacts 1.3 cell case
2 Zellverbinder2 cell connectors
2.1 Omegaschenkel2.1 Omega Mesh
2.2 Omegaelement2.2 omega element
2.3 Bohrungen2.3 drilling
2" herkömmlicher Zellverbinder2 "conventional cell connectors
3 Kühlvorrichtung3 cooling device
3.1 Kanalstruktur3.1 Channel Structure
3.2 Ausnehmung3.2 recess
4 Wärmeleitfolie4 heat-conducting foil
4.1 Durchgangsöffnung4.1 passage opening
5 Formkörper 5.1 Aussparung5 molded body 5.1 recess
6 Befestigungsmittel6 fasteners
7 Dichtungen7 seals
8 Zellgehäusedeckel8 cell housing cover
9 Unterlegscheibe9 washer
10 Ausbuchtung10 bulge
11 Federelement11 spring element
1 1.1 Profilstruktur1 1.1 Profile structure
11.2 Rasthaken11.2 snap hook
h Höhe der Zellverbinder h height of the cell connectors

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Batterie mit einer Kühlvorrichtung (3) zum Temperieren der Batterie, wobei die Batterie mehrere parallel und/oder seriell durch Zellverbinder (2, 2') miteinander verschaltete Einzelzellen (1 ) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einzelzellen (1 ) mittels der Zellverbinder (2, 21) vorspannbar an der1. Battery with a cooling device (3) for controlling the temperature of the battery, wherein the battery has a plurality of parallel and / or serial cell connectors (2, 2 ') interconnected with each other single cells (1), characterized in that the individual cells (1) by means of Cell connector (2, 2 1 ) prestressed on the
Kühlvorrichtung (3) befestigt sind.Cooling device (3) are attached.
2. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellverbinder (2) elastisch, insbesondere federnd ausgebildet sind.2. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell connectors (2) are elastic, in particular resilient.
3. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellverbinder (2) einen omegaförmigen Längsschnitt aufweisen.3. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell connectors (2) have an omega-shaped longitudinal section.
4. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe (h) der Zellverbinder (2) größer ist als die aus der Kühlvorrichtung (3) herausragende Höhe von Polkontakten (1.1 , 1.2) der jeweiligen Einzelzelle (1 ).4. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (h) of the cell connector (2) is greater than the height of the cooling device (3) height of pole contacts (1.1, 1.2) of the respective single cell (1).
5. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass je ein Zellverbinder (21) mit je einem Federelement (11 ) versehen ist. 5. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that each cell connector (2 1 ) is provided with a respective spring element (11).
6. Batterie nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das jeweilige, insbesondere s-förmige Federelement (1 1 ) form- und kraftschlüssig, insbesondere rastend am betreffenden Zellverbinder (2') angebracht ist.6. Battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the respective, in particular s-shaped spring element (1 1) positive and non-positive, in particular latching on the relevant cell connector (2 ') is mounted.
7. Batterie nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das jeweilige Federelement (11 ) zumindest aus elektrisch isolierendem Kunststoff gebildet ist.7. Battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the respective spring element (11) is formed at least from electrically insulating plastic.
8. Batterie nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das jeweilige Federelement (11 ) zumindest temperaturbeständig ist.8. Battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the respective spring element (11) is at least temperature-resistant.
9. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlvorrichtung (3) eine mit den Einzelzellen (1 ) Wärme leitend in Kontakt stehende Wärmeleitplatte ist.9. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling device (3) is a with the individual cells (1) heat conductive in contact with heat conducting plate.
10. Batterie nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellverbinder (2, 2') die Wärmeleitplatte gegen die Einzelzellen (1 ) verpressen.10. Battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the cell connectors (2, 2 ') press the heat conducting plate against the individual cells (1).
11. Batterie nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellverbinder (2, 21) mit der Wärmeleitplatte Wärme leitend in Kontakt stehen.11. Battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the cell connectors (2, 2 1 ) are in heat conduction with the heat conducting plate in contact.
12. Batterie nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeleitplatte im Bereich der Polkontakte (1.1 , 1.2) der Einzelzellen (1 ) Bohrungen und/oder Einschnitte zur Durchführung der Polkontakte (1.1 , 1.2) aufweist.12. Battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat conducting plate in the region of the pole contacts (1.1, 1.2) of the individual cells (1) has bores and / or cuts for the implementation of the pole contacts (1.1, 1.2).
13. Batterie nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Zellverbindern (2, 2') und der Wärmeleitplatte eine elektrisch isolierende Wärmeleitfolie (4) angeordnet ist. 13. Battery according to claim 9, characterized in that between the cell connectors (2, 2 ') and the heat conducting plate, an electrically insulating heat conducting foil (4) is arranged.
14. Batterie nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeleitfolie (4) Aussparungen (4.1 ) zur Durchführung der Polkontakte (1.1 , 1.2) aufweist.14. Battery according to claim 13, characterized in that the heat-conducting foil (4) has recesses (4.1) for the passage of the pole contacts (1.1, 1.2).
15. Batterie nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der Wärmeleitplatte und den Einzelzellen (1 ) ein Wärme leitender und elektrisch isolierender Formkörper (5) angeordnet ist.15. Battery according to claim 9, characterized in that between the heat conducting plate and the individual cells (1) a heat-conducting and electrically insulating molded body (5) is arranged.
16. Batterie nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeleitplatte eine Kanalstruktur (3.1 ) für ein diese Kanalstruktur (3.1 ) durchströmendes Kühlmittel aufweist.16. Battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat conducting plate has a channel structure (3.1) for a channel structure (3.1) flowing through coolant.
17. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die jeweilige Einzelzelle (1 ) eine wabenförmige Ummantelung aufweist.17. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective individual cell (1) has a honeycomb-shaped sheath.
18. Batterie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batterie als eine Fahrzeugbatterie, insbesondere für ein Fahrzeug mit Hybridantrieb oder ein mit Brennstoffzellen betriebenes Fahrzeug, einsetzbar ist. 18. Battery according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the battery can be used as a vehicle battery, in particular for a vehicle with hybrid drive or a fuel cell powered vehicle.
EP09776863A 2008-07-26 2009-06-27 Battery cooling in particular for a vehicle battery Withdrawn EP2304838A1 (en)

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DE200810034871 DE102008034871A1 (en) 2008-07-26 2008-07-26 Battery, in particular vehicle battery
PCT/EP2009/004660 WO2010012341A1 (en) 2008-07-26 2009-06-27 Battery cooling in particular for a vehicle battery

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EP (1) EP2304838A1 (en)
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JP2011529245A (en) 2011-12-01
US20110151305A1 (en) 2011-06-23
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US8962172B2 (en) 2015-02-24
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WO2010012341A1 (en) 2010-02-04
CN102089926B (en) 2013-07-31

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