EP2304693B1 - Procédé et système de contrôle d' accès - Google Patents

Procédé et système de contrôle d' accès Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2304693B1
EP2304693B1 EP09765310.9A EP09765310A EP2304693B1 EP 2304693 B1 EP2304693 B1 EP 2304693B1 EP 09765310 A EP09765310 A EP 09765310A EP 2304693 B1 EP2304693 B1 EP 2304693B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
access control
write
control medium
read device
access
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09765310.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2304693A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas HÄBERLI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kaba AG
Original Assignee
Kaba AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Kaba AG filed Critical Kaba AG
Publication of EP2304693A1 publication Critical patent/EP2304693A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2304693B1 publication Critical patent/EP2304693B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00809—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission through the human body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
    • G07C2209/08—With time considerations, e.g. temporary activation, valid time window or time limitations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field as access control. It relates more particularly to an access control procedure and access control system based on an identification procedure (actually: authentication method).
  • Identification systems are used in different applications such as access control prepaid card systems, data acquisition systems, etc.
  • the wireless information transmissions for example via radio frequency signals or microwaves (eg via GSM), are becoming increasingly important. Due to the comparatively large range, the potential problem of manipulation arises.
  • a transmitter / receiver of a manipulator be set up by means of a so-called "man-in-the-middle" attack or another vulnerability of the exchange protocol used exploiting exploitation is performed.
  • capacitive-resistive coupling also called 'capacitive coupling' or 'PAN coupling'
  • 'PAN coupling' capacitive-resistive coupling
  • a disadvantage of the capacitive-resistive coupling is the data transmission rate of the information transmission, which is usually very low in realizable embodiments. This is because the communication device is generally set up to allow signal transmission through the human body. This prohibits high frequencies and high amplitudes.
  • the invention is characterized essentially by the fact that for the access control in a first step, a wireless radio link (this is expressly meant in addition to radio frequencies communication via microwave frequencies) between the object to the access is sought, and an access control medium (mobile phone, other electronic device, smart card, etc.) is established.
  • an authentication procedure is initially performed, in which the access authorization of the access control medium is checked.
  • a temporary access code is sent from the object to the access control medium and sent back by this to the object, possibly in a modified form.
  • the capacitive-resistive coupling is used either for the return of the - optionally modified - access code to the object or possibly for the transmission of the access code to the access control medium; in the other direction the signal is sent via the wireless connection.
  • the object is a door with a mechatronic Locking device, which is in communication with a - optionally integrated in the locking device - writing and / or reading device, which in turn has means for communicating over the wireless connection and for receiving and / or transmitting capacitive-resistive signals.
  • the release of the object in this case corresponds to the mechatronic unlocking of the door.
  • the authentication method is any method of determining whether the access control medium is authorized to access the object. This can be done through a simple query of codes that must be present on the access control medium, over more complex, secure procedures. In particular, it is possible to carry out the authentication method in a manner known per se from the prior art or by means of a commercially available system whose protocol does not necessarily have to be known. In any case, the authentication method preferably provides a yes / no answer to the question whether the access control medium authorizes access in the present situation. Only if the answer is "yes" is a temporary access code generated and transmitted to the access control medium.
  • the temporary access code is, for example, a random sequence; it is only accepted by the object for some time after its generation, for example during 2-10 seconds or can only be received once as entitled ("one time” code).
  • further temporary access codes are generated by the writing and / or reading device of the object if, after this time, the wireless communication connection still exists, but access to the object has not yet taken place; it may also be provided that the temporary access code is valid as long as the wireless connection exists.
  • the procedure according to the invention has the advantage that it combines the manipulation security of known authentication processes, which can take place via secure connections (for example with encryption) and can cause the exchange of larger amounts of data, with the selectivity of the capacitive-sensitive coupling. In contrast to the prior art, this is done without sacrificing comfort due to delays caused by the slow, short-range capacitive-resistive coupling.
  • the relatively time-consuming construction of a secure radio link - which may include synchronization, etc. - can take place as the user approaches the object. Over the capacitive-resistive channel then only - for example, unencrypted - a very short data sequence must be transmitted, and the release of the object can be done immediately after their receipt.
  • the access control medium for example, constantly repeatedly emits the temporary access code or the data packet derived therefrom via the transmitter (transmitter) of the capacitive-resistive coupling; For this purpose, a pair of electrodes present in the access control medium is supplied with a corresponding signal.
  • a receiver electrode eg, a door handle, which is preferably configured as a receiver electrode or part of the receiver electrode of the capacitive-resistive receiver
  • reception of the signal by the capacitive-resistive receiver begins Coupling, wherein the signal path may pass through the user's body when carrying the access control medium in the pocket.
  • the data transmitted with the capacitive-resistive coupling can consist of a temporary access code (containing no access-control-medium-specific data), which possibly has still been changed with a simple, non-access-control-medium-specific operation. Adding an ID or other simple string is not excluded.
  • a security against manipulation consists on the one hand in the security of the selected wireless connection; available methods often include encryption, and it is also for practical reasons (synchronization, etc.) not easy and quickly possible to listen to a short time existing radio signal.
  • a manipulating person could also use the unauthorized temporarily received temporary access code only to a limited extent, since this is only valid for a very short time.
  • the temporary access code is transmitted via the capacitive-resistive coupling-permanently-and then sent back via the existing wireless connection; it is easily possible for the recipient to verify that it comes from the same sender with which the successful authentication process was previously performed.
  • the method according to the invention brings practically no time delays which are recognizable to the user, since the back transmission of the optionally modified access code can take place immediately after its reception via the capacitive-resistive coupling, namely via the already established wireless connection.
  • Bluetooth Bluetooth Low Energy
  • the use of this comparatively short-range (about 10 m signal range) technology is advantageous in terms of safety due to the short range.
  • the use of "normal” Bluetooth is likewise possible, with the disadvantage that the power consumption of such a system is higher.
  • the access control medium is preferably a portable device, for example a mobile telephone. In such is generally enough power available. According to a preferred embodiment, the access control medium assumes the role of "master" in Karluninkation Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy, ie the initialization of the connection is based on the access control medium.
  • maintenance data is transmitted from the writing and / or reading device (the door) to the access control medium, for example battery life data etc.
  • the non-wired writing and / or writing data can be transmitted Reading device via the access control medium trigger a warning signal or draw attention in another suitable manner to be remedied.
  • the procedure according to the invention is particularly suitable for applications in which the access control medium does not have to be actively handled by the user, for example, but can remain in his pocket.
  • the kapitizitiv-resistive coupling is then preferably primarily through the body of the user, which acts as a - bad - electrical conductor. Therefore, for the capacitive-resistive coupling, the ultra-wideband signal transmission is particularly preferred using the frequency spreading method. This can cause the current amplitudes flowing through the body to be very small. Regarding implementation of this method and benefits will also be on the WO 2007/112609 directed.
  • a user 1 can carry the access control medium 2, for example, in a bag or attached to a belt. During the entire procedure, he does not have to take control of the access control medium.
  • the data exchange via the wireless connection already starts while the user approaches the door.
  • the typical range for the preferably used here Bluetooth or Bluetooth low energy technology is about 10 meters.
  • the door handle 3.1 of the door is designed, for example, as a receiver electrode for the capacitive-resistive coupling.
  • the transmission of the data packet from the access control medium 2, for example through the body of the user 1 to the receiver electrode begins, according to the method discussed in more detail below. If the data has been exchanged correctly and successfully, the door is released and the user can press the door handle. For him, the whole process is so, so whether the door would be constantly open.
  • the authentication process may also take place. Since, however, the extremely short-range capacitive-resistive coupling does not start under these circumstances, the door does not open. For example, a person accidentally located nearby, therefore, can not open the door.
  • the access control medium is designed as a mobile telephone 11.
  • the mobile phone has means for communicating via Bluetooth Low Energy technology.
  • it is provided with a transmitter (or possibly receiver, see below) for the capacitive-resistive coupling.
  • housing parts or a transparent display surface can be designed as corresponding electrodes 13, 14 or coated with them. This will also be on the documents WO 2008/098397 . WO 2008/098398 and WO 2008/098399 directed.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • solid arrows between the box signal transmissions over the wireless connection eg Bluetooth Low Energy
  • the dotted arrow represents the capacitive-resistive data transmission.
  • the left column states of the writing and / or reading device the “door”
  • the middle column states of the access control medium hereinafter it is described as a mobile phone, the method would be carried out analogously on other access control media.
  • the terms “Advertiser”, “Scanner”, “Initiator”, “Slave” and “Master” correspond to the terminology commonly used for Bluetooth Low Energy; the corresponding states will be briefly explained below.
  • “RCID Rx” and “RCID Tx” stand for receiver and transmitter for the capacitive-resistive coupling; "open” refers to the state of the release of the object, eg. Unlocking the door.
  • the time axis runs in Fig. 3 from top to bottom.
  • the mobile phone may change from the scanner to the initiator role and ask the writer / writer for a wireless connection (step 32).
  • the secure Bluetooth low energy connection is set up within, for example, at most 2 s, the mobile telephone acting as "master”, the writing and / or reading device as "slave” according to common terminology (step 33).
  • the authentication process is carried out with the aid of the established wireless connection, ie the access authorization of the master is checked (step 34).
  • the access control medium authorizes access, that is to say by means of a data exchange via a secure, for example encrypted connection - the data exchange can be based on the challenge-response method or another suitable method the access control medium required data and / or qualifications are available.
  • the procedure chosen during the authentication process will not be explained in detail here; It can be done according to the prior art or according to other suitable procedures. There are - especially in connection with communication via radio frequencies - various different solutions from different providers, such as the "Legic®" system.
  • the procedure according to the invention even makes it possible to use proprietary solutions from third-party providers, ie the method sequence of the authentication method need not be known to the person implementing the method according to the invention; only the result (an "OK” or an "access denied”) is needed.
  • a temporary (i.e., only for a limited time and / or single access only) access code is transmitted to the mobile by the writing and / or reading device (step 35). This is done via the secure wireless connection.
  • This access code - or a quantity derived therefrom - is transmitted back to the writing and / or reading device repeatedly immediately and if necessary, the capacitive-resistive information transmission being used for this return (step 36).
  • the transmission of the access code or the derived variable takes place, for example, until either a time limit (for example a value between 2 and 10 seconds) has been exceeded or the access code has been received by the writing and / or reading device.
  • the temporary access code is transmitted capacitively and resistively to the mobile telephone by the writing and / or reading device, and that it sends back the access code or the derived variable via the secure wireless connection, in which case the sending of the access code by the writing and / or reading device can take place until either a time limit is reached or the returned access code or the derived variable is received via the secure connection.
  • the access code is, for example, a random number or a random sequence or a variable composed or calculated from a random number / random sequence and further variables.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented particularly simply if the temporary access code itself is sent back by the mobile telephone. As a possible derived therefrom come to a unique number or The same, a time information, a further random variable, etc. added access code, sequences of the access code, or a variable obtained with a previously known operation on the possibly completed access code or sequences thereof.
  • test data for example test data, battery life data, status data etc.
  • the connection is terminated (here by the mobile telephone) (step 38), and the object is released, for example the door is unlocked (step 39).
  • Fig. 3 schematically the time is shown, which is needed for the steps before or after first touching the door handle.
  • the particularly time-consuming process steps such as setting up the secure connection can already take place while the user approaches the door and, for example, between 1 and 5 s claim - in the example shown about 2 s.
  • long device detection times can be tolerated, which in turn makes long advertising intervals of the object or short active scanner times of the access medium possible. This reduces the power consumption both on the object and on the access medium, without affecting the comfort for the user.
  • the (return) transmission of the temporary access code and the release of the door are very fast processes that last at most a few tenths of a second, for example. Between 0.05 s and 0.5 s, in the example shown about 0.15 s.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de contrôle d'accès permettant de libérer un objet de manière contrôlée et présentant les étapes suivantes :
    établissement d'une liaison sans fil entre un support de contrôle d'accès et un dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet par l'intermédiaire d'ondes radio ou de microondes,
    exécution d'une opération d'authentification à l'aide de signaux de données transmis par l'intermédiaire de la liaison sans fil entre le support de contrôle d'accès et le dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet,
    au cas où l'authentification a réussi dans l'opération d'authentification, transmission d'un code d'accès temporaire du dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet au support de contrôle d'accès,
    renvoi d'un paquet de données reposant sur le code d'accès temporaire du support de contrôle d'accès au dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet,
    la transmission du code d'accès temporaire ou le renvoi du paquet de données s'effectuant par couplage capacitif-résistif et
    libération d'un objet par son dispositif d'écriture/lecture si le paquet de données reçu est reconnu comme correct.
  2. Procédé de contrôle d'accès selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la transmission du code d'accès temporaire s'effectue par la liaison sans fil et le renvoi du paquet de données par le couplage capacitif-résistif.
  3. Procédé de contrôle d'accès selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le paquet de données est identique au code d'accès temporaire ou contient au moins une partie non cryptée du code d'accès temporaire.
  4. Procédé de contrôle d'accès selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le support de contrôle d'accès utilisé est un téléphone mobile.
  5. Procédé de contrôle d'accès selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la liaison sans fil est une liaison Bluetooth ou Bluetooth à basse énergie.
  6. Procédé de contrôle d'accès selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'initialement, pour établir la liaison sans fil, des signaux d'initialisation sont émis à des intervalles réguliers par le dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet.
  7. Procédé de contrôle d'accès selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le support de contrôle d'accès demande la liaison sans fil lors de la réception d'un signal d'initialisation.
  8. Procédé de contrôle d'accès selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'opération d'authentification, des données de maintenance sont transmises au support de contrôle d'accès par le dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet par l'intermédiaire de la liaison sans fil.
  9. Procédé de contrôle d'accès selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la transmission de signaux au moyen du couplage capacitif-résistif s'effectue en recourant à un procédé d'étalement de fréquence comme transmission d'un signal en bande ultralarge.
  10. Système de contrôle d'accès permettant la libération contrôlée d'un objet, et présentant au moins un dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet qui bloque ou libère un objet en fonction d'un contrôle d'autorisation d'accès, ainsi qu'au moins un support de contrôle d'accès, le dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet et le support de contrôle d'accès présentant chacun un dispositif d'émission et un dispositif de réception en vue d'une communication sans fil par des signaux radio ou microondes, et en ce qu'en outre un émetteur et un récepteur pour le couplage capacitif-résistif entre le dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet et le support de contrôle d'accès sont présents dans le dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet et dans le support de contrôle d'accès, et permettent de transmettre des signaux capacitifs-résistifs du support de contrôle d'accès au dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet et/ou du dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet au support de contrôle d'accès,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif d'écriture/lecture de l'objet et le support de contrôle d'accès sont conçus pour exécuter un procédé de contrôle d'accès selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
EP09765310.9A 2008-06-18 2009-06-15 Procédé et système de contrôle d' accès Not-in-force EP2304693B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH9402008 2008-06-18
PCT/CH2009/000202 WO2009152628A1 (fr) 2008-06-18 2009-06-15 Procédé et système de contrôle d’accès

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2304693A1 EP2304693A1 (fr) 2011-04-06
EP2304693B1 true EP2304693B1 (fr) 2016-08-31

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US8554141B2 (en) 2010-06-24 2013-10-08 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for multi-stage device filtering in a bluetooth low energy device
NL1038635C2 (en) * 2011-03-04 2012-09-05 Franken Soundproof communication booth access system.
AT512075A1 (de) * 2011-10-18 2013-05-15 Evva Sicherheitstechnologie Verfahren zur zutrittskontrolle
FR3010571B1 (fr) * 2013-09-09 2016-12-30 Valeo Securite Habitacle Authentification d'un utilisateur muni d'un appareil mobile aupres d'un vehicule
WO2015066191A1 (fr) * 2013-10-29 2015-05-07 Cubic Corporation Perception de droits de transport a l'aide de balises sans fil
CN104183049B (zh) * 2014-09-02 2017-11-10 南京铁马信息技术有限公司 一种智能化的门禁定位系统及其定位方法
DE102017105771A1 (de) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-20 Deutsche Telekom Ag Verfahren zur Zugangskontrolle

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WO2007036061A1 (fr) * 2005-09-27 2007-04-05 Kaba Ag Procede et systeme de transmission de signaux d'identification

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FI20002255A (fi) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-14 Nokia Corp Menetelmä lukkojen hallintaan ja kontrollointiin
DE10147936B4 (de) * 2001-09-28 2007-02-22 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Zutrittskontrolle, sowie Kontrollsystem, Kontrolleinrichtung und mobiles Kommunikationsendgerät
DE10238134A1 (de) * 2002-08-15 2004-02-26 Ident Technology Ag Schaltungsanordnung für eine Fahrzeugtürverriegelung, sowie hiermit ausgestattetes Fahrzeug
FR2860668B1 (fr) * 2003-10-06 2006-01-06 Valeo Securite Habitacle Systeme d'identification a badge a courant circulant a travers le corps a deux modes de detection
EP2127160A1 (fr) * 2007-02-14 2009-12-02 Kaba AG Système et appareil portable pour l'émission de signaux d'identification

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DE19901364A1 (de) * 1998-01-19 1999-07-22 Marquardt Gmbh Schließsystem, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeug
WO2007036061A1 (fr) * 2005-09-27 2007-04-05 Kaba Ag Procede et systeme de transmission de signaux d'identification

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WO2009152628A1 (fr) 2009-12-23
EP2304693A1 (fr) 2011-04-06

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